CN101354315A - Device and method for tracking and detecting engine state based on vibration signal - Google Patents
Device and method for tracking and detecting engine state based on vibration signal Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an engine state tracking and detecting device based on vibration signals and a method thereof, relating to the engine field. The device comprises a sensor, a data acquisition device, an engine detection computer, a signal amplifier, a signal transmission cable, a signal amplifier, an engine speed converter and an engine speed controller. The method comprises the following steps: (1) the strength value of the vibration frequency of an engine under normal state is calculated according to model classification of the engine; (2) the difference of the strength values of the vibration frequency of the engine under normal working state and abnormal working state is observed and contrasted for a long time to form a fault diagnosis data base; and (3) the strength value of the vibration frequency of an engine to be tested is calculated and then contrasted with the fault diagnosis data base to judge which operation state the engine is in. The device and the method of the invention have low requirements on speed signals and the advantages of low embodiment cost, fast analysis speed and stable analysis result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to engine art, relate in particular to a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus and method based on vibration signal.
Background technology
Engine is the core component of automobile, and person is arranged, and it is the heart of automobile.The quality of its quality directly has influence on the quality of complete vehicle quality.It is numerous that engine detects index, and wherein difficult, a most complicated project detects for vibration (being noise).Along with improving constantly of continuous progress in science and technology, production technology, with regard to the single parts of engine, the possibility that occurs quality problems under static state is more and more littler.Yet, with the assembling of thousands of up to a hundred parts through different operations, when becoming the engine finished product at last, it is smooth to produce between the related components coupling unavoidably, and these phenomenons can embody by engine rotation sound (i.e. vibration) often only after engine rotation is got up.Do you so how judge its quality? traditional method is to be undertaken by people's the sense of hearing, but obviously there is artificial deviation in this, judge that precision is low, efficient is not high and judgment basis and result of determination such as can't preserve at fatal shortcoming, and this can not adapt to the needs of modern society's large-scale production far away.In order to address this problem, the engine luggine detection technique has been had research definitely, present common in the world engine trace analysis method, be to adopt in the engine speed pulse signal as the external clock of gathering vibration data, and by follow the tracks of filter for installation with vibration signals collecting in computing machine, analyze and judge.Because the method requires very high to rotary speed precision, tend to produce the inaccurate phenomenon of measurement in actual applications, and it also needs one to follow the tracks of filter for installation and realize filtration to vibration signal, so cost is comparatively speaking than higher, and also have the high weakness of analysis result discreteness, be unfavorable for actual promotion and application.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is the present situation at prior art, and a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal is provided.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme of being taked: a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal.Comprise sensor, data acquisition unit, engine detection computations machine, also comprise signal amplifier, signal transmission cable, signal amplifier, engine speed converter and motor speed controller; Sensor is connected by signal transmission cable with signal amplifier, signal amplifier links to each other with data acquisition unit, data acquisition unit connects engine detection computations machine simultaneously, this engine detection computations machine be connected motor speed controller and be connected to realize the variation control of engine speed, the engine speed converter is connected with signal picker.
As a kind of improvement, above-mentioned sensor is an acceleration transducer.
As a kind of improvement, above-mentioned acceleration transducer is at least two, and with it accordingly, signal amplifier is the multiple signals amplifiers, and data acquisition unit is the multi-channel data acquisition device.
As a kind of improvement, above-mentioned signal transmission cable make an uproar than for 60dB between the 90dB.
As a kind of improvement, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of above-mentioned signal amplifier is that 70dB is between the 100dB.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal, and it may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the type classification of engine, in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, be captured in the vibration signal of the engine under the normal operating condition by sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit, gather the tach signal of engine simultaneously by the engine speed converter, described vibration signal and tach signal are passed to engine detection computations machine, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency;
(2) difference of the intensity level of vibration frequency during normal and operation irregularity by long-term observation contrast engine operation, and the physical fault situation of binding engine, formation fault diagnosis database;
(3) in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, pass through sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the vibration signal of engine to be detected, be passed to data acquisition unit after gathering the tach signal of engine and convert speed voltage signal simultaneously to by the engine speed converter simultaneously, by data acquisition unit vibration signal and speed voltage signal are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously again, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency, thereby again this intensity level and described fault diagnosis database are compared the running status of judging engine;
Above-mentioned special algorithm is that at first the compartment of terrain detects the central point of specific rotation speeds in engine speed range, and be the center with this point, vibration signal to fixed qty before and after it, carry out fast Fourier analysis respectively, last on fast Fourier analysis result's basis, the frequency of the central point of specific rotation speeds carried out frequency multiplication and sort out and calculate.
In order to obtain better technique effect, above-mentioned fast Fourier analysis is the base-2FFT algorithm of decimation in time, its correlation parameter is: sample frequency: 50KHz to 100KHz, the sampling time: 30 to 60 seconds, calculation length was the vibration signal of fixed qty before and after the central point: 2
6To 2
15
It is that 1/3 octave component is sorted out calculating that above-mentioned frequency multiplication is sorted out calculating.
Above-mentioned vibration signal is a vibration acceleration signal.
Above-mentioned sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the multichannel vibration signal of engine diverse location simultaneously and are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously with speed voltage signal.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: because the present invention after converting tach signal to speed voltage signal by data acquisition unit, in real time, synchronously collects in the engine detection computations machine with the multichannel vibration signal.Engine detection computations machine retrieves each analysis site of vibration analysis by to the calculating of speed voltage signal, is that the center is analyzed the multichannel vibration data and judged then with the each point.It is not very high that the method requires tach signal, and has the advantages that implementation cost is low, analysis speed is fast, analysis result is stable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the system chart of the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal.Comprise sensor, data acquisition unit, engine detection computations machine, also comprise signal amplifier, signal transmission cable, signal amplifier, engine speed converter and motor speed controller; Sensor is connected by signal transmission cable with signal amplifier, signal amplifier links to each other with data acquisition unit, data acquisition unit connects engine detection computations machine simultaneously, this engine detection computations machine be connected motor speed controller and be connected to realize the variation control of engine speed, the engine speed converter is connected with signal picker.Above-mentioned sensor is an acceleration transducer.Above-mentioned acceleration transducer is at least two, and with it accordingly, signal amplifier is the multiple signals amplifiers, and data acquisition unit is the multi-channel data acquisition device.Making an uproar than being between 60 to 90dB of above-mentioned signal transmission cable, the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of above-mentioned signal amplifier is between 70 to 100dB.In the present embodiment, above-mentioned acceleration transducer is three, the making an uproar than for 75dB of above-mentioned signal transmission cable, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of above-mentioned signal amplifier is 85dB.
The principle of above-mentioned each building block and act on as follows:
Signal collector: the size of oscillation intensity tends to embody on displacement, speed, acceleration.We adopt the high precision acceleration transducer as signal collector, the acceleration signal that produces when picking up engine luggine, and be translated into charge signal.Adopt the benefit of acceleration transducer to be, it is not subject to ambient noise and disturbs, and need not under particular surroundings, as carrying out in the soundproof room, implements than being easier to.
Signal transmission cable: these parts are responsible for that signal collector is picked up vibration signal and are transferred to signal amplifier.In order to make signal not be subjected to the interference (be subjected to that as electric field, field signal, cable external force is shaken etc.) of extraneous factor in transmission course, the present invention has adopted the extremely strong cable of anti-interference, its interference free performance for make an uproar than for 60dB between the 90dB.
The multiple signals amplifier: the signal of signal collector output is fainter charge signal, and this signal can't be input in the engine detection computations machine processed, and we must amplify this signal, and convert thereof into voltage signal.This function is realized by signal amplifier.In order to prevent that when signal amplifies produce the distorted signals phenomenon, the present invention has selected the amplifier of high s/n ratio, its signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is that 70dB is between the 100dB.
The multi-channel data acquisition device: data acquisition unit also is A/D converter, and its function becomes digital signal with analog signal conversion exactly, and the digital data transmission after will changing is in engine detection computations machine, with analyzed and processing.Here its function is with the analog voltage signal of signal amplifier output, converts digital signal to, is input to engine detection computations machine.Because the volume of measurand engine is bigger, engine needs a plurality of signal pickers the vibration signal of its different parts is picked up in real time, this just means has the multichannel vibration signals collecting simultaneously in engine detection computations machine, and has the close degree of association between these several signals again.So what present embodiment adopted is that complete data in synchronization collector on opportunity is gathered on each road, postpones to imagine to guarantee not exist between every circuit-switched data.
The engine speed converter: trace analysis is to utilize engine rotational speed signal, locatees corresponding analysis site, so the accuracy of tach signal is very important.Rotational speed converter is the code-wheel that will be installed on the engine crankshaft, and the frequency of the pulse signal that collects by CKP is converted to a device of voltage signal.The frequency of pulse signal high output voltage more is high more, otherwise output voltage is then low more.The velocity voltage signal of converter output is to be input in the engine detection computations machine by the multi-channel data acquisition device.
Motor speed controller: engine speed is dominate enforcement by engine detection computations machine from low to high or variation from high to low control, and by motor speed controller actual finishing.
Engine detection computations machine: by being installed in the real-time detection software of engine, in the time of limit control engine speed, transmitter vibration data, go forward side by side line trace analysis and judgement are gathered in the limit.
A kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the type classification of engine, in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, be captured in the vibration signal of the engine under the normal operating condition by sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit, gather the tach signal of engine simultaneously by the engine speed converter, described vibration signal and tach signal are passed to engine detection computations machine, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency;
(2) difference of the intensity level of vibration frequency during normal and operation irregularity by long-term observation contrast engine operation, and the physical fault situation of binding engine, formation fault diagnosis database;
(3) in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, pass through sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the vibration signal of engine to be detected, be passed to data acquisition unit after gathering the tach signal of engine and convert speed voltage signal simultaneously to by the engine speed converter simultaneously, by described data acquisition unit described vibration signal and described speed voltage signal are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously again, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency, thereby again this intensity level and described fault diagnosis database are compared the running status of judging engine;
Special algorithm is that at first the compartment of terrain detects the central point of specific rotation speeds in engine speed range, and be the center with this point, vibration signal to fixed qty before and after it, carry out fast Fourier analysis respectively, last on fast Fourier analysis result's basis, the frequency of the central point of specific rotation speeds carried out frequency multiplication and sort out and calculate.
In the present embodiment, fast Fourier analysis is the base-2FFT algorithm of decimation in time, its correlation parameter is: sample frequency: 50KHz, sampling time: 50 seconds, FFT calculation length is the vibration signal of fixed qty before and after the central point: 4096, FFT frequency resolution composition: sample frequency ÷ FFT calculates length=12.2Hz.
In the present embodiment, it is that 1/3 octave component is sorted out calculating that frequency multiplication is sorted out calculating.
In the present embodiment, vibration signal is a vibration acceleration signal.
In the present embodiment, sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the multichannel vibration signal of engine diverse location simultaneously and are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously with speed voltage signal.
Though the present invention is described by the reference preferred embodiment,, those skilled in the art should understand, and in the scope of claims, can do the various variation on form and the details.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal, comprise sensor, data acquisition unit, engine detection computations machine, it is characterized in that: also comprise signal amplifier, signal transmission cable, signal amplifier, engine speed converter and motor speed controller; Described sensor is connected by described signal transmission cable with described signal amplifier, described signal amplifier links to each other with described data acquisition unit, described data acquisition unit connects described engine detection computations machine simultaneously, this engine detection computations machine is connected to realize the variation control of engine speed with the described motor speed controller that is connected, and described engine speed converter is connected with described signal picker.
2, a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described sensor is an acceleration transducer.
3, a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus according to claim 2 based on vibration signal, it is characterized in that: described acceleration transducer is at least two, with it accordingly, described signal amplifier is the multiple signals amplifiers, and described data acquisition unit is the multi-channel data acquisition device.
4, a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described signal transmission cable make an uproar than for 60dB between the 90dB.
5, a kind of engine condition tracing and detecting apparatus based on vibration signal according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of described signal amplifier for make an uproar than for 70dB between the 100dB.
6, a kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) according to the type classification of engine, in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, be captured in the vibration signal of the engine under the normal operating condition by sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit, gather the tach signal of engine simultaneously by the engine speed converter, described vibration signal and tach signal are passed to engine detection computations machine, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency;
(2) difference of the intensity level of vibration frequency during normal and operation irregularity by long-term observation contrast engine operation, and the physical fault situation of binding engine, formation fault diagnosis database;
(3) in continuous lifting of the rotating speed of engine or decline process, pass through sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the vibration signal of engine to be detected, be passed to data acquisition unit after gathering the tach signal of engine and convert speed voltage signal simultaneously to by the engine speed converter simultaneously, by described data acquisition unit described vibration signal and described speed voltage signal are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously again, utilize engine detection computations machine to adopt special algorithm to calculate the intensity level of vibration frequency, thereby again this intensity level and described fault diagnosis database are compared the running status of judging engine;
Described special algorithm is that at first the compartment of terrain detects the central point of specific rotation speeds in engine speed range, and be the center with this point, vibration signal to fixed qty before and after it, carry out fast Fourier analysis respectively, last on fast Fourier analysis result's basis, the frequency of the central point of specific rotation speeds carried out frequency multiplication and sort out and calculate.
7, a kind of engine condition tracking detection method according to claim 6 based on vibration signal, it is characterized in that: described fast Fourier analysis is the base-2FFT algorithm of decimation in time, its correlation parameter is: sample frequency: 50KHz to 100KHz, sampling time: 30 to 60 seconds, calculation length was the vibration signal of fixed qty before and after the central point: 2
6To 2
15
8, a kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal according to claim 6 is characterized in that: it is that 1/3 octave component is sorted out calculating that described frequency multiplication is sorted out calculating.
9, a kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described vibration signal is a vibration acceleration signal.
10, a kind of engine condition tracking detection method based on vibration signal according to claim 7 is characterized in that: sensor, signal amplifier and data acquisition unit are gathered the multichannel vibration signal of engine diverse location simultaneously and are passed to engine detection computations machine synchronously with speed voltage signal.
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