CN101350584A - Mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part - Google Patents

Mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part Download PDF

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CN101350584A
CN101350584A CNA2008101963896A CN200810196389A CN101350584A CN 101350584 A CN101350584 A CN 101350584A CN A2008101963896 A CNA2008101963896 A CN A2008101963896A CN 200810196389 A CN200810196389 A CN 200810196389A CN 101350584 A CN101350584 A CN 101350584A
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magnetic
permanent magnet
main shaft
floating
permanent
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CN101350584B (en
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马宏忠
鞠平
王斌
韩敬东
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Hohai University HHU
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a mixed magnetic maglev bearing system of the rotating part of a hydraulic turbine generator unit. In the bearing system, a main shaft is provided with a permanent-magnet magnetic maglev device and an electrical-excitation magnetic maglev device. The electrical-excitation magnetic maglev comprises an electromagnet core, an electromagnet excitation winding and an armature; the armature is fixedly connected with the main shaft; the electromagnet core is fixedly connected with a static engineering architecture or a fixing frame; the excitation winding is arranged in the hollow cavity of the electromagnet core. The permanent-magnet magnetic maglev part comprises a mobile permanent magnet and a static permanent magnet; the mobile permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the main shaft; the static permanent magnet is fixedly connected with the static engineering architecture or another fixing frame. The bearing system has the advantages of reducing the force born by the mechanical bearing, reducing the mechanical loss, improving the efficiency of the generator unit, reducing the mechanical deformation, heating and aging, decreasing the incidence rate of mechanical failure, and prolonging the service life. The electromagnetic magnetic maglev force can be regulated to reasonably arrange the weight of the hydraulic turbine generator unit. The combination of the permanent-magnet system and the electric excitation reduces the exciting current, loss and heating of the electric excitation system.

Description

Mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part.It is based on the key technology of the vertical hydrogenerator group rotor system load-bearing of permanent magnetism and electric excitation mixed magnetic floating technology, belongs to the electrical control field of engineering technology.
Background technology
Before and after B.C. 100 years, blank---the water wheels of the hydraulic turbine have just appearred in China, are used to irrigate by lifting water to a higher level with a water pump, etc. and drive the grain processing apparatus.The modern hydraulic turbine then great majority is installed in the hydroelectric station, is used for driving generator for electricity generation.Through years of development, formed the hydraulic power generation technology of comparative maturity, water power has been brought into play indispensable effect in people's daily life and industrial production.Present big-and-middle-sized hydroelectric power generation unit adopts the vertical shaft structure basically, the main weight of vertical hydrogenerator group rotor system is to pass to seat ring by main shaft, pass to the mode of load pier then, that is to say that the runner of the hydraulic turbine and generator amature link together by main shaft.Because the rotor-support-foundation system weight of water wheels unit is very big, will inevitably very high requirement be arranged to its load-bearing facility in its course of work, traditional load-bearing mode mainly is to adopt thrust bearing.Thrust bearing bear the weight of whole unit rotating part and turbine shaft to hydraulic thrust.Exist problem that friction and mechanically stable wear out etc. (for example, the actual tiling of thrust bearing can deform under oil film pressure and the synergy of oil film temperature, the distortion of tiling can influence oil film thickness and distribute, the tiling distortion is big more, surge pressure in the oil film is big more with the ratio of mean specific pressure, and minimum oil film thickness can diminish.For the large-scale thrust bearing of heavy duty, the comprehensive deformation of tiling and runner plate face may surpass the magnitude of minimum oil film thickness, and wearing and tearing and tile kilning just may take place bearing).Mechanical wear and heating problem that friction under the particularly long-term heavy burden state causes are very outstanding.For this reason, in the Large Hydroelectric Set load bearing system load-bearing bearing there is very strict requirement.Thereby its production cost and operation expense are risen.And magnetic over draft hold can be contactless, do not have friction, solved the deficiency of traditional load-bearing well.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is according to the characteristics of hydro-turbo generator set rotary part load bearing system, and in conjunction with the characteristic of permanent magnetism and electric excitation technology, proposed mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part.Be intended to overcome the problems referred to above that the hydro-turbo generator set rotary part load bearing system exists.Adopt permanent magnetism electromagnetic suspension technology and electric excitation electromagnetic suspension technology jointly hydro-turbo generator set rotary part to be produced the buoyancy that makes progress, be applied to gravity on the bearing to reduce rotating part.
Technical solution of the present invention: it is characterized in that on the generator of hydraulic generator unit and the main shaft between the hydraulic turbine, being provided with floating device of permanent magnetism magnetic and the floating device of electric excitation magnetic, the floating part of described electric excitation magnetic comprises electromagnet core, electromagnet excitation winding and armature, wherein armature is fixedlyed connected with main shaft, rotate with main shaft, electromagnet core is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or fixed support, and excitation winding is placed in the cavity of electromagnetic core; The floating part of described permanent magnetism magnetic comprises moving permanent magnet and quiet permanent magnet, and wherein moving permanent magnet is fixedlyed connected with main shaft, rotates with main shaft, and quiet permanent magnet is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or another fixed support.
Advantage of the present invention: according to the characteristics of hydraulic generator unit, system's Preliminary design is the mode that two parts apply suspending power.That is: on the one hand, adopt the floating mode of permanent magnetism magnetic.With one proper area (being calculated to computation model by following institute according to the required weight of floating of hydraulic generator rotor system) is arranged, the permanent magnet of thickness and magnetic is fixed in the main shaft appropriate location (as main shaft the latter half position, allow decision by real space), and between hydraulic generator runner and this permanent magnet, build one deck earth structure (or other supporter), put another piece permanent magnet of the same area (as accompanying drawing 1 the latter half) on it, and these two permanent magnets are repelled each other, because earth structure passes to the civil engineering facility with power, the floating part of permanent magnetism magnetic applies a thrust that makes progress in the axial of main shaft to main shaft so; On the other hand, in another appropriate location of main shaft (as main shaft the first half position), install the floating device of electric excitation magnetic, promptly on main shaft, fix an iron block that reasonable area and thickness are arranged, the electromagnet that the top of iron block installs and fixes, (as accompanying drawing 1 the first half), after the electromagnet energising, armature under it is produced attraction, and this attraction puts on the main shaft, to pulling force that makes progress of rotating part generation of whole hydraulic generator unit.The suspending power that produces by the different device of these two modes is to bear the weight of hydro-turbo generator set rotary part.
Consider the stability of hydraulic generator unit operation, native system does not make rotor-support-foundation system really all float, but shares most of weight of rotor-support-foundation system, has so both reduced to be applied to the gravity on the thrust bearing, thereby reduce friction, keep the stability of generating set rotating part again.
The maturation of the development of current electromagnetic theory and novel permanent magnetic material (as rare earth permanent-magnetic material) is used, for the realization of patent of the present invention provides may.
Description of drawings:
Accompanying drawing 1 is a general structure generalized section of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2 is the floating part schematic diagrames of permanent magnetism magnetic.
Accompanying drawing 3 is the floating part schematic diagrames of electric excitation magnetic.
Accompanying drawing 4 is that the instance analysis between electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy and the excitation winding number of turn, the exciting current concerns schematic diagram.
Among the figure 1 is the main shaft, the 2nd of hydraulic generator rotor system, electromagnet core, the 3rd, electromagnet excitation winding, the 4th, armature, the 5th, moving permanent magnet, the 6th, quiet permanent magnet, the 7th, static civil engineering or fixed support, the 8th, civil engineering that another is static or fixed support.
Embodiment
Contrast accompanying drawing 1, its structure is that floating device of permanent magnetism magnetic and the floating device of electric excitation magnetic are set on the generator of hydraulic generator unit and the main shaft between the hydraulic turbine 1, the floating part of described electric excitation magnetic comprises electromagnet core 2, electromagnet excitation winding 3 and armature 4, wherein armature 4 is fixedlyed connected with main shaft 1, rotate with main shaft, electromagnet core 2 is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or fixed support 7, and excitation winding 3 is placed in the cavity of electromagnetic core 2; The floating part of described permanent magnetism magnetic comprises moving permanent magnet 5 and quiet permanent magnet 6, and wherein moving permanent magnet 5 is fixedlyed connected with main shaft 1, rotates with main shaft, and quiet permanent magnet 6 is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or another fixed support 8.
Described mixed magnetic floating load bearing is to utilize its permanent magnet to produce the weight supporting that electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy that permanent magnetism magnetic buoyancy and electromagnet produce is shared hydro-turbo generator set rotary part jointly; Wherein the electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy adopts the scalable form, and the size by regulating exciting current or the number of turn of coil are regulated the size of the electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy that is produced, and realize sharing of reasonable distribution hydraulic generator unit weight; Permanent magnet system is combined with electric excitation system, allow permanent magnet bear a part of fixed weight, reducing the load-bearing share of electric excitation supporting part, thereby reduce the exciting current of electric excitation system; The floating mode of electromagnetism magnetic is that an iron block or armature are fixed on main shaft by generator one end, and electromagnet is installed in the top of this iron block or armature, and electromagnet core is fixed on the static supporter; The floating mode of permanent magnetism magnetic is that a permanent magnet is fixed on main shaft by the hydraulic turbine one end, and the permanent magnet below is provided with another piece permanent magnet of the same area, and this permanent magnet is fixed on the static supporter, and these two permanent magnets are repelled each other.
Permanent magnetism magnetic floats part: the quiet permanent magnet 6 of fixedlying connected with static civil engineering 8 and with moving permanent magnet 5 that main shaft 1 is fixedlyed connected between produce magnetic force F 1(repulsive force) holds up moving permanent magnet 5, thereby main shaft 1 is produced power upwards.
Electromagnetism magnetic floats part: feed direct current in excitation winding 3, produce electromagnetic force in electromagnet core, attract armature 4, armature 4 produces buoyancy F upwards by main shaft 1 2(pulling force).Regulate the size of the electric current in the excitation winding 3, can regulate the size of electromagnetic force.
As seen, the floating part of permanent magnetism magnetic produces magnetic buoyancy F upwards 1, this magnetic force is uncontrollable, as basic magnetic buoyancy; The floating part of electromagnetism magnetic also produces magnetic buoyancy F upwards 2, this magnetic buoyancy can be regulated.This two parts magnetic buoyancy acting in conjunction for the hydraulic generator rotor system provides buoyancy upwards, holds up the most of weight of rotor-support-foundation system.
Computation model
The magnetic force that forms between two parallel conductive magnet poles that separated by air gap is:
F = Φ 2 2 μ 0 S = B 2 S 2 μ 0 - - - ( 1 )
In the formula: F is a magnetic force, N; Φ is for passing through the magnetic flux between magnetic pole, Wb; S is total magnetic pole area at air gap place, m 2B is the magnetic flux density at air gap place, T; μ 0Be air permeability, 4 π * 10 -7Wb/ (Am).
Permanent magnetism magnetic floats the aspect:
The diagrammatic sectional view such as the accompanying drawing 2 of the floating device of permanent magnetism magnetic.
We are by to the selection of permanent magnetic material with the size design of permanent magnet is made the magnetic flux density between magnetic pole is B 01, selecting the permanent magnet diameter of disk is d 01, establish the diameter that d is the water wheels set main shaft.
Have according to formula (1) so:
The permanent magnetism magnetic buoyancy: F 1 = B 01 2 π 8 μ 0 ( d 01 2 - d 2 ) - - - ( 2 )
So we can be according to designing requirement, promptly how much weight is the permanent magnetism magnetic buoyancy bear, and consider that the diameter of the main shaft of hydraulic generator unit designs the diameter of permanent magnet, will consider leakage flux equal loss problem in the real process.
Electromagnetism magnetic floats the aspect:
The diagrammatic sectional view of electromagnet levitation device such as accompanying drawing 3.
The pass of the size of magnetic flux Φ and magnetic pressure and magnetic resistance is
Φ = U m R m 0 - - - ( 3 )
In the formula: Φ is a magnetic flux, Wb; U mBe total magnetic pressure of magnetic circuit, A; R M0Be total magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit, A/Wb.
Need do calculating to the magnetic resistance of magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit magnetic resistance can be divided into air-gap reluctance and iron core magnetic resistance two parts.The magnetic resistance series connection of two air gaps, air gap total magnetic resistance in place's is in the equilbrium position:
R m = R m 1 + R m 2 = 2 δ 0 μ 0 ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 )
The magnetic resistance of irony part is:
R m ′ = h 2 + h 1 2 + h 3 2 μ ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) + 1 μ [ ∫ d 12 d 34 dx 2 π h 1 x + ∫ d 12 d 34 dx 2 π h 3 x ]
= h 2 + h 1 2 + h 3 2 μ ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) + 1 2 πμ ( 1 h 1 + 1 h 3 ) ln d 34 d 12
In the formula d 12 = d 1 + d 2 2 ; d 34 = d 3 + d 4 2 ; Inner ring surface is long-pending: S 1 = π 4 ( d 2 2 - d 1 2 ) ; The outer shroud area S 2 = π 4 ( d 4 2 - d 3 2 ) ; μ is the permeability of iron block.
Can get according to the electromagnetic force formula (1) that forms between two parallel conductive magnet poles:
F 2 = Φ 2 2 μ 0 S 1 + Φ 2 2 μ 0 S 2 - - - ( 4 )
Aggregative formula (3) and formula (4) thus we have:
F 2 = U m 2 2 μ 0 R m 0 2 ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) In the formula: R M0=R m+ R ' m
So we can design total magnetic pressure by the weight of electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy burden, and then the number of turn of the size of optimal design exciting current and coil, determine every size of the floating aspect of electromagnetism magnetic, make every effort to efficient, low-loss heavy burden that realizes a plan.
The embodiment checking
In order to verify feasibility of the present invention, carry out checking and the floating every concrete size calculation of device of magnetic that feasibility is held in magnetic over draft in conjunction with Ankang hydraulic generator unit.
The total installation of generating capacity in hydroelectric station, Ankang is 800 megawatts, comprise 4 SF-200-56/12800 models, rated power is the generating set of 200 megawatts, its rated voltage is 13.8KV, rated current is 9560A, power factor is 0.875, and hydraulic turbine model is HL-220-LT-550, runner diameter 5.5m, rated speed 107.1r/min, average head 76.2m.Its support pattern adopts thrust bearing, belongs to the large hydropower station bearing that adds pump, outer circulation cooling, and its thrust total load is 1600t, and computed losses is 300kW, stirs loss 60kW, and total losses are 360kW.
This routine plan utilization suspending power provides about 80% total load, is about 1280t.
Permanent magnetism magnetic floats the aspect:
The external diameter of permanent magnet is chosen as 5m, and internal diameter is chosen as 2m (being slightly larger than the main shaft diameter d).The permanent magnetism magnetic material is designed to produce between air gap average magnetic flux density is 0.9T.Utilize formula (2) to calculate:
F 1 = 0.9 2 π 8 * 4 π * 10 - 7 ( 5 2 - 2 2 ) = m 1 g
In the formula: m 1The quality that can bear for the permanent magnetism magnetic buoyancy; G is that acceleration of gravity is got g=9.8m/s 2Can solve m 1=542t.
The permanent magnetism supporting part has been shared the unit load-bearing of about 542t, draws thus to be shared the load-bearing (being roughly equal to 7232400N) of about 738t by the electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy.
Electromagnetism magnetic floats the aspect:
The electromagnetism magnetic pole adopts loop configuration, by according to last divide theoretical derivation and rule of thumb determined physical dimensions we adopt following size: d 1=2m; d 2=3.5m; Between the inner and outer ring apart from l=0.6m; d 3=d 2+ 2l=4.7m; d 4=5.5m; Can get by calculating:
Actual inner ring surface is long-pending: S 1 = π 4 ( d 2 2 - d 1 2 ) = 6.5 m 2 ;
Actual outer shroud area: S 2 = π 4 ( d 4 2 - d 3 2 ) = 6.4 m 2 ;
The magnetic resistance of air gap (width of air gap δ 0Get 6mm): R m = 2 δ 0 μ 0 ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) = 2.47 × 10 3 A / Wb ;
The magnetic resistance of irony part (is got h 1=h 3=80mm, h 2=120mm):
R m ′ = h 2 + h 1 2 + h 3 2 μ ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) + 1 2 πμ ( 1 h 1 + 1 h 3 ) ln d 34 d 12 = 1.95 × 10 3 A / Wb ;
Total magnetic resistance: R M0=R m+ R ' m=4.42 * 10 3A/Wb;
Calculating the total magnetic pressure of magnetic circuit at last is:
U m = 2 μ 0 F 2 R m 0 2 ( 1 S 1 + 1 S 2 ) = 33.81 kA
The actual U ' that gets m=kU m=40.58kA, in the formula: k is a magnetomotive force amplification coefficient after the consideration magnetic leakage, generally gets k=1.2.
We wish to utilize as far as possible little electric current to realize that electromagnetism magnetic is floating, so increase the coil turn of exciting current, might as well be taken as 6000 circles, that is to say that exciting current is 6.76 amperes.
The regulating winding number of turn and exciting current can change the size of gross buoyancy, and under the constant situation of other condition of this example, the relation between the floating part buoyancy of electromagnetism magnetic and the excitation winding number of turn, the exciting current is seen accompanying drawing 4.
The result of calculation of comprehensive above two aspects, we analyze the physical dimension set point, and analysis result shows that the numerical value of every size can be good at satisfying the radiating condition of coil and the cabling requirement of coil windings.And we calculate the excitation loss of the floating device of required electric excitation magnetic, and its value is no more than 30kW, and adopts traditional thrust axis to make supporting, and needed total losses are 360kW, and electric excitation loss is less than 10% of traditional loss.In addition, the specified installed capacity of a generating set is 200 megawatts, and its excitation loss is just very little by comparison, only less than 0.015%.
Example calculation shows, can share the load-bearing of hydraulic generator unit with magnetic buoyancy, has embodied its low-loss, the strong superiority that waits of thrust; And because the characteristic that has significantly reduced friction is held in the magnetic over draft of native system, this technology has well overcome the problem of the aging and maintenance of machine that exists in the traditional water turbine generator group case of thrust bearings systems, the efficient of the whole unit that also improves simultaneously.

Claims (2)

1, mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part, it is characterized in that on the generator of hydraulic generator unit and the main shaft between the hydraulic turbine, being provided with floating device of permanent magnetism magnetic and the floating device of electric excitation magnetic, the floating part of described electric excitation magnetic comprises electromagnet core, electromagnet excitation winding and armature, wherein armature is fixedlyed connected with main shaft, rotate with main shaft, electromagnet core is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or fixed support, and excitation winding is placed in the cavity of electromagnetic core; The floating part of described permanent magnetism magnetic comprises moving permanent magnet and quiet permanent magnet, and wherein moving permanent magnet is fixedlyed connected with main shaft, rotates with main shaft, and quiet permanent magnet is fixedlyed connected with static civil engineering or another fixed support.
2, mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part according to claim 1 is characterized in that described mixed magnetic floating load bearing is to utilize its permanent magnet to produce the weight supporting that electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy that permanent magnetism magnetic buoyancy and electromagnet produce is shared hydro-turbo generator set rotary part jointly; Wherein the electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy adopts the scalable form, and the size by regulating exciting current or the number of turn of coil are regulated the size of the electromagnetism magnetic buoyancy that is produced, and realize sharing of reasonable distribution hydraulic generator unit weight; Permanent magnet system is combined with electric excitation system, allow permanent magnet bear a part of fixed weight, reducing the load-bearing share of electric excitation supporting part, thereby reduce the exciting current of electric excitation system; The floating mode of electromagnetism magnetic is that an iron block or armature are fixed on main shaft by generator one end, and electromagnet core is installed in the top of this iron block or armature, and electromagnet core is fixed on the static supporter; The floating mode of permanent magnetism magnetic is that a permanent magnet is fixed on main shaft by the hydraulic turbine one end, and the permanent magnet below is provided with another piece permanent magnet of the same area, and this permanent magnet is fixed on the static supporter, and these two permanent magnets are repelled each other.
CN2008101963896A 2008-09-08 2008-09-08 Mixed magnetic floating load bearing system for hydro-turbo generator set rotary part Expired - Fee Related CN101350584B (en)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102075123A (en) * 2011-01-12 2011-05-25 清华大学 High temperature vacuum magnetic suspension rotating mechanism
CN103680270A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-26 河海大学 Experimental device and commissioning method for hydro generator rotor magnetic suspension load-bearing system
CN103795298A (en) * 2014-01-21 2014-05-14 河海大学 Permanent magnet force load shedding device for rotor of hydroelectric generating set
CN106026596A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-10-12 金陵科技学院 Vertical shaft type generator unit multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding and anti-lifting device
CN106499588A (en) * 2016-12-24 2017-03-15 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 Magnetic suspending wind turbine generator group
CN106640483A (en) * 2016-12-24 2017-05-10 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 Magnetic suspension water turbine-generator set
CN111346365A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-30 任逸 Method for generating acceleration of racing car during traveling and simulation system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102075123A (en) * 2011-01-12 2011-05-25 清华大学 High temperature vacuum magnetic suspension rotating mechanism
CN103680270A (en) * 2013-12-13 2014-03-26 河海大学 Experimental device and commissioning method for hydro generator rotor magnetic suspension load-bearing system
CN103680270B (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-11-25 河海大学 A kind of hydraulic generator rotor magnetic levitation load bearing system experimental provision and adjustment method
CN103795298A (en) * 2014-01-21 2014-05-14 河海大学 Permanent magnet force load shedding device for rotor of hydroelectric generating set
CN103795298B (en) * 2014-01-21 2016-03-23 河海大学 A kind of hydroelectric generating set rotor part electricity permanent-magnet load-shedding equipment
CN106026596A (en) * 2016-07-18 2016-10-12 金陵科技学院 Vertical shaft type generator unit multi-ring electromagnetic force load shedding and anti-lifting device
CN106026596B (en) * 2016-07-18 2018-05-08 金陵科技学院 A kind of vertical shaft generator group polycycle electromagnetic force off-load and lifting-proof machine device
CN106499588A (en) * 2016-12-24 2017-03-15 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 Magnetic suspending wind turbine generator group
CN106640483A (en) * 2016-12-24 2017-05-10 重庆宙盾新能源技术开发有限公司 Magnetic suspension water turbine-generator set
CN111346365A (en) * 2020-03-18 2020-06-30 任逸 Method for generating acceleration of racing car during traveling and simulation system
CN111346365B (en) * 2020-03-18 2023-07-25 任逸 Method and simulation system for generating acceleration of racing car during running

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