CN101339201A - Method for measuring soil pore space water flow speed and its device - Google Patents
Method for measuring soil pore space water flow speed and its device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101339201A CN101339201A CNA2008101410807A CN200810141080A CN101339201A CN 101339201 A CN101339201 A CN 101339201A CN A2008101410807 A CNA2008101410807 A CN A2008101410807A CN 200810141080 A CN200810141080 A CN 200810141080A CN 101339201 A CN101339201 A CN 101339201A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for testing the soil pore water velocity and a device thereof, in particular to the method and the device which directly measure the soil pore water velocity by adopting a heat-pulse tracer technique. A heater is arranged on the bracket of a measuring probe for heating soil. A pair of temperature sensors is respectively arranged on the probe bracket of the equidistant S which has the same distance with the right upward side and the right lower side for testing the difference in temperature. The two sensors of each pair of sensor are separately arranged with difference distance from the heater, and the heater and the temperature sensor are in the same plane. The heater is started for transient heating soil; simultaneously, two timers are cleared and started. After the upper pair of sensors and the lower pair of sensors respectively detect the difference in the temperature, the corresponding timers are closed. The record time of the two timers and the S are substituted into the formula, then the soil sore water velocity are obtained, which effectively reduces the heating amount of the soil. The method and the device have the advantages of stable work, being economical and practical, being safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of method and device thereof that adopts the measured soil pore water flow velocity that the thermal pulse tracer technique measures soil pore space water flow speed.
Background technology:
Propose by Ren et al (2000), thermal pulse (heat pulse) is measured the method for holard flux density (soil water flux density), become international research focus at present, it has changed soil pore space water flow speed value in the past can only be calculated by head and situation that can not field measurement by Darcy's law, all significant to research such as the safety detection of holard characteristic research, soil property dykes and dams and production application field.
But current measuring methods and device thereof have the following disadvantages: at first, the method that adopts is by measuring the variation of measuring point thermal pulse thermal diffusion curve, calculate heat fluctuation speed, again heat fluctuation speed is revised, obtain holard flux density, then holard flux density could be obtained soil pore space water flow speed divided by soil moisture content.The variation of monitoring thermal diffusion curve needs centesimal resolution at least, and the peak value of prior art and device measuring point thermal diffusion curve thereof generally can not be lower than 0.6 ℃ (0.006 ℃ of resolution).The excessive heat that adds not only can increase energy consumption, also causes the redistribution of soil moisture easily, and then has influence on measurement result, is subjected to the restriction of resolution, and this problem can not add heat by minimizing and solve; Secondly, what directly measure is heat fluctuation speed, rather than holard flux density or soil pore space water flow speed, also needs soil, solution parameter to revise, thereby inevitably has round-off error.
Summary of the invention:
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and provide a kind of and can reduce method and the device thereof add heat and to revise the measured soil pore water flow velocity of the error of bringing.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
A kind of method of measured soil pore water flow velocity, specific as follows:
At first, a well heater is installed on the measuring sonde support, is used to heat soil, directly over the distance well heater and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket at equidistant S place, be used to detect the temperature difference.Go up two temperature sensors to temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket directly on the S place probe bracket directly over the distance well heater and the S place., to two temperature sensors of temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket under on the S place probe bracket under the distance well heater and the S place down with last to the temperature sensor symmetry.Well heater and temperature sensor are on the same plane,
Secondly, by two timers, write down the time that upper and lower two pairs of temperature sensor temperature difference occur respectively, starting well heater carries out instantaneously heated while zero clearing and starts two timers soil, after being detected the temperature difference respectively, temperature sensor closes corresponding timer when upper and lower, the time of two timer records, the time T of representing hot-fluid to arrive respectively
s, T
n,
Then, with formula (3): V
j=(S/T
s-S/T
n)/2 calculate the pore water flow velocity V of the soil of surveying
j
In above-mentioned soil pore space water flow speed is measured, the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, following temperature difference test section, road and middle road main control part are set,
In road master control part branch comprise control computer, 232 well heaters that are connected with analog output with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit that is connected with host scm by serial ports and 232 host scms that are connected with the Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit, by digital input end that are connected with control computer with the D/A change-over circuit
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section comprises thermocouple temperature sensor, temperature difference amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer, the A/D change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit, voltage subtracter and voltage comparator, wherein, temperature sensor is connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit is connected with single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit, the analog output of D/A change-over circuit is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter, the output terminal of voltage subtracter is connected with the input end of voltage comparator, the output terminal of voltage comparator is connected with the interruption of single-chip microcomputer 1 port
Temperature difference test section, following road comprises thermocouple temperature sensor, temperature difference amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer, the A/D change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit, voltage subtracter and voltage comparator, wherein, temperature sensor is connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit is connected with single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit, the analog output of D/A change-over circuit is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter, the output terminal of voltage subtracter is connected with the input end of voltage comparator, the output terminal of voltage comparator is connected with the interruption of single-chip microcomputer 1 port
External interrupt 0 port that a port of middle road main control part host scm and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer is connected, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects a port of single-chip microcomputer and external interrupt 0 port of middle road main control part host scm is connected,
In port of road main control part host scm and external interrupt 0 port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer be connected, a port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer and external interrupt 1 port of middle road main control part host scm are connected,
Control computer sends soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions with the Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit to middle road main control part host scm by 232, after host scm is received the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions, according in the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions heat time heating time length and the binary digit value of heating voltage start heating, the binary digit value of heating voltage is converted to aanalogvoltage by the D/A change-over circuit and is added on the well heater, by the length heat time heating time transient heating soil under the control of middle road main control part host scm in the instruction, after starting heating, be that timer 0 and timer 1 zero clearing start timing with two 16 bit timing devices of middle road main control part host scm at once, interrupt request is sent in the interruption 0 of the control single chip computer of road temperature difference test section up and down simultaneously, wherein, timer 0 detects timing for the temperature difference of setting out on a journey, timer 1 is road temperature difference detection timing down
After the interruption 0 of road temperature difference detection control single chip computer meets with a response up and down, in interrupt service routine separately, start A/D conversion and D/A conversion respectively, respectively the temperature drift voltage of temperature difference amplifying circuit output is latched into the negative input end of voltage subtracter, go desuperheat difference amplifying circuit directly to be added in the real-time output voltage of the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter more respectively, this moment, the output voltage of voltage subtracter was zero, finished " dynamically the school zero " action, close the interruption 0 of single-chip microcomputer then respectively, open interrupt 1 and withdraw from separately interruption 0 service routine, wait for the arrival of hot-fluid
When hot-fluid arrives upper lower to thermocouple temperature sensor to thermocouple temperature sensor or arrival; The output voltage of the output voltage of the temperature difference amplifier of setting out on a journey accordingly that is attached thereto or lower road temperature difference amplifier will increase; Deduct the temperature drift voltage that is latched in accordingly set out on a journey voltage subtracter or lower road voltage subtracter negative input end; The output voltage of voltage subtracter or lower road voltage subtracter of setting out on a journey accordingly will increase gradually by zero; Send into respectively set out on a journey accordingly voltage comparator or lower road voltage comparator; Compare with predefined temperature difference threshold voltage
When the output voltage of the subtracter of setting out on a journey will cause the voltage comparator upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its output is sent interrupt request to the external interrupt 1 of the control single chip computer of setting out on a journey, after the control single chip computer response external of setting out on a journey interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 0 of middle road main control part host scm is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer, for detecting, the next round temperature difference prepares, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer then, after middle road main control part host scm response external interrupts 0, the temperature difference of externally interrupting stopping in 0 the service routine setting out on a journey detects the timing of timer 0, withdraw from external interrupt 0 service routine of host scm
Instantly the output voltage of road subtracter will cause the voltage comparator upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its external interrupt 1 of exporting downward road control single chip computer is sent interrupt request, after the control single chip computer response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 1 of middle road main control part host scm is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer, for detecting, the next round temperature difference prepares, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer then, after middle road main control part host scm response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt stopping in 1 the service routine timing that the road temperature difference down detects timer 1, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of host scm
In the middle of after the external interrupt 0 of road main control part host scm and external interrupt 1 all take place and withdraw from, that is to say and finished the timing that the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects timer 0 and following road temperature difference detection timer 1, host scm is represented T respectively with the chronometric data of timer 0 and timer 1
s, T
nSend to control computer by 232 with the Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit, control computer determined with chronometric data with when probe is installed apart from S substitution formula (3), calculate the pore water flow velocity of the soil of surveying and be presented on the screen, after the heat that survey soil is applied in all disappears, carry out the next round soil pore space water flow speed and measure, and repeat same process.
A kind of device of measured soil pore water flow velocity, comprise the measuring sonde support, being installed in being used on the measuring sonde support heats the well heater of soil, it is characterized in that: directly over the distance well heater and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket at equidistant S place, be used to detect the temperature difference, go up two temperature sensors to temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket directly on the S place probe bracket directly over the distance well heater and the S place, with last to the temperature sensor symmetry, following two temperature sensors to temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket under on the S place probe bracket under the distance well heater and the S place, well heater and temperature sensor are on the same plane
This device also comprises the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, down temperature difference test section, road and middle road main control part, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section and temperature difference test section, following road are symmetrical structures each other, and parameter is identical,
In road master control part branch comprise control computer, 232 well heaters that are connected with analog output with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit that is connected with host scm by serial ports and 232 host scms that are connected with the Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit, by digital input end that are connected with control computer with the D/A change-over circuit
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section comprises thermocouple temperature sensor, temperature difference amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer, the A/D change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit, voltage subtracter and voltage comparator, wherein, temperature sensor is connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit is connected with single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit, the analog output of D/A change-over circuit is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter, the output terminal of voltage subtracter is connected with the input end of voltage comparator, the output terminal of voltage comparator is connected with the interruption of single-chip microcomputer 1 port
Temperature difference test section, following road comprises thermocouple temperature sensor, temperature difference amplifying circuit, single-chip microcomputer, the A/D change-over circuit, the D/A change-over circuit, voltage subtracter and voltage comparator, wherein, temperature sensor is connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit is connected with single-chip microcomputer, single-chip microcomputer is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit, the analog output of D/A change-over circuit is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter, the output terminal of voltage subtracter is connected with the input end of voltage comparator, the output terminal of voltage comparator is connected with the interruption of single-chip microcomputer 1 port
External interrupt 0 port that a port of middle road main control part host scm and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer is connected, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects a port of single-chip microcomputer and external interrupt 0 port of middle road main control part host scm is connected,
In port of road main control part host scm and external interrupt 0 port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer be connected, a port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer and external interrupt 1 port of middle road main control part host scm are connected.
The present invention has following good effect:
The present invention is measured soil interstitial water flow velocity directly, reduced effectively to soil add heat and round-off error, therefore have working stability, simple in structure, economical and practical, safe and reliable, advantage that accuracy rate is high.
The present invention installs a well heater on the measuring sonde support, be used to heat soil.Directly over the distance well heater and under a pair of temperature sensor (hereinafter to be referred as last to temperature sensor with down to temperature sensor) respectively is installed on the probe bracket at equidistant place, two sensors of every pair of temperature sensor are far and near arranged apart apart from well heater, are used for differential temperature survey.Well heater and temperature sensor are on the same plane.
By well heater soil is carried out transient heating, form a thermal pulse, though well heater stops heating, but under the effect of calorific potential energy, heat still can transmit around well heater simultaneously, hot-fluid arrives well heater up and down during two pairs of temperature sensors, because two sensors of every pair of temperature sensor are far and near arranged apart apart from well heater, hot-fluid can not arrive two sensors of any a pair of temperature sensor simultaneously, therefore, temperature difference output will be arranged, the time that on behalf of hot-fluid, the time that the temperature difference occurs can arrive.
Owing to the symmetry that temperature sensor is installed, if soil pore space water flow speed is zero, hot-fluid will arrive two pairs of temperature sensors up and down simultaneously, and the time of two pairs of temperature sensor temperature difference appearance is identical about that is to say.If soil pore space water flow speed is non-vanishing, and supposition makes progress, hot-fluid is subjected to the propelling movement (with respect to last to temperature sensor) of soil pore space water flow speed or top contrary (with respect to down to temperature sensor), hot-fluid will arrive earlier and go up temperature sensor, to temperature sensor, that is to say the time of time that the temperature sensor temperature difference is occurred under then arriving prior to down the temperature sensor temperature difference being occurred.
The speed that hot-fluid moves can be regarded Speed of diffusion (the hot-fluid translational speed when the Speed of diffusion here can be understood as soil pore space water flow speed and is zero as.Because the symmetry of installing, Speed of diffusion up and down equates, hereinafter to be referred as V
k) and soil pore space water flow speed (hereinafter to be referred as V
j) two coefficient results of speed.Therefore, the flowing water that can the apply mechanically maths contest computing method of problem of navigating are calculated soil pore space water flow speed V
j
When ship navigates by water in rivers, except pace itself, also be subjected to the propelling movement of flowing water or push up contraryly, calculate headway, the time of ship and the distance of being gone in this case, be called the flowing water problem of navigating.
The flowing water problem of navigating be a kind of in the route problem, so the relation of three amounts (speed, time, distance) here will be used repeatedly in the route problem.In addition, the flowing water problem of navigating also has following two fundamental formulars:
Speed=ship's speed+water speed (1) downstream
Speed=ship's speed-water speed (2) against the current
Here, ship's speed is meant the speed of ship itself, the just distance of being passed by in the unit interval in hydrostatic.Water speed is meant the distance that water flows through in the unit interval. speed and when speed refers to sail with the current respectively against the current and the distance that ship was gone in the unit interval when sailing against the current downstream.
If going up temperature sensor is S apart from the distance of well heater, because the symmetry of installing, also be S to temperature sensor apart from the distance of well heater down.Speed of diffusion V
kBe equivalent to the navigate ship's speed of problem of flowing water, soil pore space water flow speed V
jBe equivalent to the navigate water speed of problem of flowing water, hot-fluid moves speed along the soil pore water flow direction and is equivalent to the navigate speed downstream of problem of flowing water, and hot-fluid moves the speed of contrary soil pore water flow direction and is equivalent to the navigate speed against the current of problem of flowing water.If hot-fluid moves and arrives corresponding that time to temperature sensor along the soil pore water flow direction is T
s, it is T that hot-fluid moves contrary corresponding that time to temperature sensor of soil pore water flow direction arrival
n, applying mechanically navigate computing formula (1) and (2) of problem of flowing water just has following two formulation formulas:
S/T
s＝V
k+V
j
S/T
n＝V
k-V
j
Two formulas are subtracted each other:
V
j＝(S/T
s-S/T
n)/2(3)
Because, the time that on behalf of hot-fluid, the time that the temperature difference occurs can arrive.T
s, T
nCan obtain indirectly by the following method: need two timers, respectively two pairs of times that the temperature sensor temperature difference occurs about the record.Zero clearing and start two timers when starting well heater and be the soil heating is closed corresponding timer when upper and lower after temperature sensor is detected the temperature difference respectively.The time of two timer records, represent T respectively
s, T
nInstall well heater and up and down during two pairs of temperature sensors the S in (3) formula determine that so far, the parameter on (3) formula equal sign right side is all definite, therefore, can calculate soil pore space water flow speed V by (3) formula
j
This method operate as normal, the lower limit that adds heat are that two pairs of temperature sensors can accurately detect the temperature difference that occurs when hot-fluid arrives up and down.Therefore, can reduce and add heat by improve detecting temperature difference sensitivity of method in theory.
In order to reduce the volume of temperature sensor, reduce the operating lag that thermal inertia is brought, improve symmetry, the present invention has adopted high conformity, at the good T type thermopair of normal temperature internal linear degree.Having adopted the Omega model during practical application is the T type thermocouple wire self-control of TFT-36, and the temperature measurement node point diameter can be as small as 0.3mm, is far smaller than the temperature sensor of other type, reduces upstream face, is very beneficial for the measurement of soil pore space water flow speed.But the output of T type thermopair is smaller, only there are 40 μ v/ ℃, detect and be far smaller than 0.6 ℃ the temperature difference, reach and reduce the purpose that adds heat, just relate to the scale-up problem that is far smaller than 24 μ v voltage signals, for example detect 0.1 ℃ the temperature difference and just relate to scale-up problem less than 4 μ v voltage signals.The main limiting factor of low frequency signal amplification that realization microvolt level approaches direct current is noise and temperature drift.Temperature signal is that difference mode signal need amplify with the good instrument amplifier of common-mode signal rejection, and unfortunately, the best instrument amplifier of performance can not be accomplished noise and temperature drift minimum simultaneously at present.Very fortunately, the temperature difference detects does not carry out continuously, and each temperature difference detects and all occurs in 4 minutes that start behind the well heater, and the variation of environment temperature is very little in 4 minutes, and its temperature drift voltage is far smaller than the thermoelectric voltage signal.Technology that the present invention has adopted a kind of " dynamically the school zero ", when starting heating the drift voltage of temperature difference amplifier output is latched into an end of voltage subtracter by A/D and D/A conversion, remove to subtract the live signal of the temperature difference amplifier output of sending into the voltage subtracter other end, temperature drift just is limited in the range of drift that variation of ambient temperature causes in 4 minutes effectively like this, and its temperature drift voltage is far smaller than the thermoelectric voltage signal.
Adopt technical scheme of the present invention, the required heat that adds is far smaller than existing apparatus.It is the T type thermocouple wire self-control of TFT-36 that temperature sensor adopts the Omega model, and measuring point temperature difference threshold value (closing timer when the temperature difference rises to this value) only has 0.1 ℃, and working stability is reliable.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is a sonde configuration fitting arrangement of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a measuring method synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the flow process and the circuit connection diagram of measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the temperature difference test section circuit diagram of setting out on a journey of measurement mechanism embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the middle road master control part parallel circuit figure of measurement mechanism embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is temperature difference test section, the following road circuit diagram of measurement mechanism embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention pops one's head in by well heater 2, goes up temperature sensor is comprised temperature sensor 3,4, down temperature sensor is comprised temperature sensor 5,6 three parts composition.
A well heater 2 is installed on measuring sonde support 1.Directly over the distance well heater 2 and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket 1 at equidistant S place, on abbreviations to temperature sensor with time to temperature sensor.Upward temperature sensor is comprised temperature sensor 3 and temperature sensor 4, down temperature sensor is comprised temperature sensor 5 and temperature sensor 6.Go up two temperature sensors 3,4 to temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket 1 directly on the S place probe bracket 1 directly over the distance the well heater 2 and S place, equally, with last to the temperature sensor symmetry, to two temperature sensors 5,6 of temperature sensor, arranged apart successively on probe bracket 1 under on the S place probe bracket 1 under the distance the well heater 2 and S place down.Well heater 2 and temperature sensor 3,4,5,6 are on the same plane.
As shown in Figure 2, measuring method of the present invention is as follows: at first, a well heater 2 is installed on measuring sonde support 1, be used to heat soil, directly over the distance well heater 2 and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket 1 at equidistant S place, be used to detect the temperature difference, go up two temperature sensors 3 to temperature sensor, 4, arranged apart successively on probe bracket 1 directly on the S place probe bracket 1 directly over the distance the well heater 2 and S place, with last to the temperature sensor symmetry, following two temperature sensors 5 to temperature sensor, 6, arranged apart successively on probe bracket 1 under on the S place probe bracket 1 under the distance the well heater 2 and S place, secondly, need two timers, respectively on the record, the time that following two pairs of temperature sensor temperature difference occur, starting 2 pairs of soil of well heater carries out instantaneously heated while zero clearing and starts two timers, when last, close corresponding timer after down temperature sensor being detected the temperature difference respectively, the time of two timer records, the time T of representing hot-fluid to arrive respectively
s, T
n, then, with formula (3) promptly: V
j=(S/T
s-S/T
n)/2 calculate the pore water flow velocity V of the soil of surveying
j,
Is that example further specifies how to implement the present invention with thermopair as temperature sensor.As shown in Figure 3, measurement mechanism of the present invention is detected by the temperature difference of setting out on a journey and the following road temperature difference detects and main control three parts in middle road are formed, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects and the following road temperature difference detects two parts symmetrical structure each other, and parameter is identical.
Middle road master control part branch comprises: control computer 22,232 and Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21, host scm 20, D/A change-over circuit 19 and well heater 2.
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section comprises: thermocouple temperature sensor 3,4, temperature difference amplifying circuit 7, single-chip microcomputer 11, A/D change-over circuit 9, D/A change-over circuit 13, voltage subtracter 15, voltage comparator 17.
Temperature difference test section, following road comprises: thermocouple temperature sensor 5,6, temperature difference amplifying circuit 8, single-chip microcomputer 12, A/D change-over circuit 10, D/A change-over circuit 14, voltage subtracter 16, voltage comparator 18.
As shown in Figure 3, measurement mechanism circuit of the present invention connects as follows:
Middle road main control part, control computer 22 is connected with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21 with 232,232 are connected with the serial ports of Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21 with host scm 20, host scm 20 is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit 19, and the analog output of D/A change-over circuit 19 is connected with well heater 2.
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects, thermocouple temperature sensor 3,4 are connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit 7, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit 7 is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit 9 and just (minuend) input end of voltage subtracter 15 respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit 9 is connected with single-chip microcomputer 11, single-chip microcomputer 11 is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit 13, negative (subtrahend) input end of the analog output of D/A change-over circuit 13 and voltage subtracter 15 is connected, the output terminal of voltage subtracter 15 is connected with the input end of voltage comparator 17, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator 17 and single-chip microcomputer 11 is connected.
The following road temperature difference detects, thermocouple temperature sensor 5,6 are connected with the differential input end of temperature difference amplifying circuit 8, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit 8 is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit 10 and just (minuend) input end of voltage subtracter 16 respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit 10 is connected with single-chip microcomputer 12, single-chip microcomputer 12 is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit 14, negative (subtrahend) input end of the analog output of D/A change-over circuit 14 and voltage subtracter 16 is connected, the output terminal of voltage subtracter 16 is connected with the input end of voltage comparator 18, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator 18 and single-chip microcomputer 12 is connected.
In road main control part and up and down road temperature difference test section be interconnective by the interruptive port of single-chip microcomputer, interrupt mode postpones minimum, helps improving the accuracy of measurement.
External interrupt 0 port that a port of middle road main control part host scm 20 and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer 11 is connected, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects a port of single-chip microcomputer 11 and external interrupt 0 port of middle road main control part host scm 20 is connected.
In port of road main control part host scm 20 and external interrupt 0 port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer 12 be connected, a port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer 12 and external interrupt 1 port of middle road main control part host scm 20 are connected.
As shown in Figure 3, the workflow of measurement mechanism of the present invention is as follows:
Control computer 22 sends soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21 to middle road main control part host scm 20 by 232, after middle road main control part host scm 20 is received the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions, according in the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions heat time heating time length and the binary digit value of heating voltage start heating, the binary digit value of heating voltage is converted to aanalogvoltage by D/A change-over circuit 19 and is added on the well heater 2, by the length heat time heating time transient heating soil under the control of middle road main control part host scm 20 in the instruction.After starting heating, be that timer 0 and timer 1 zero clearing start timing with two 16 bit timing devices of middle road main control part host scm 20 at once, interrupt request is sent in the interruption 0 of the control single chip computer 11,12 of road temperature difference test section up and down simultaneously, wherein, timer 0 detects timing for the temperature difference of setting out on a journey, timer 1 is that (timer 2 is the serial port Baud rate generator in road temperature difference detection timing down, therefore, need select for use have 3 timers single-chip microcomputer for example: 89C52).
The road temperature difference detects control single chip computer 11 up and down, after 12 interruption 0 meets with a response, in interrupt service routine separately, start A/D conversion 9 respectively, 10 and D/ A conversion 13,14, respectively with temperature difference amplifying circuit 7, the temperature drift voltage of 8 outputs is latched into voltage subtracter 15, negative (subtrahend) input end of 16, remove desuperheat difference amplifying circuit 7 more respectively, 8 directly are added in voltage subtracter 15, the real-time output voltage of just (minuend) input end of 16, this moment, the voltage subtracter 15,16 output voltage is zero, finished " dynamically the school zero " action, close single-chip microcomputer 11 then respectively, 12 interruption 0, open interrupt 1 and withdraw from separately interruption 0 service routine, wait for the arrival of hot-fluid.
When arriving, goes up hot-fluid thermocouple temperature sensor 3,4 or arrive down to thermocouple temperature sensor 5,6, the output voltage of the output voltage of the temperature difference amplifier 7 of setting out on a journey accordingly that is attached thereto or following road temperature difference amplifier 8 will increase, deduct the temperature drift voltage that is latched in set out on a journey voltage subtracter 15 or following road voltage subtracter 16 negative (subtrahend) input end accordingly, set out on a journey accordingly voltage subtracter 15 or down the output voltage of road voltage subtracter 16 will increase gradually by zero, send into set out on a journey accordingly voltage comparator 17 or following road voltage comparator 18 respectively, compare with predefined temperature difference threshold voltage.
When the output voltage of the subtracter 15 of setting out on a journey will cause voltage comparator 17 upsets greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its output is sent interrupt request to the external interrupt 1 of the control single chip computer 11 of setting out on a journey, after control single chip computer 11 response external of setting out on a journey interrupt 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 0 of middle road main control part host scm 20 is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer 11, prepare for the next round temperature difference detects, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer 11 then.In after road main control part host scm 20 response external interrupt 0, the temperature difference of externally interrupting stopping in 0 the service routine setting out on a journey detects the timing of timer 0, withdraws from external interrupt 0 service routine of host scm 20.
Instantly the output voltage of road subtracter 16 will cause voltage comparator 18 upsets greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its external interrupt 1 of exporting downward road control single chip computer 12 is sent interrupt request, after control single chip computer 12 response external interrupt 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 1 of middle road main control part host scm 20 is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer 12, prepare for the next round temperature difference detects, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer 12 then.In after road main control part host scm 20 response external interrupt 1, externally interrupt stopping in 1 the service routine timing that the road temperature difference down detects timer 1, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of host scm 20.
In the middle of after the external interrupt 0 of road main control part host scm 20 and external interrupt 1 all take place and withdraw from, that is to say and finished the timing that the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects timer 0 and following road temperature difference detection timer 1, host scm 20 (is represented T respectively with the chronometric data of timer 0 and timer 1
s, T
n) send to control computer 22 by 232 with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21, control computer 22 determined with chronometric data with when probe is installed apart from S substitution (3) formula, calculate the pore water flow velocity of the soil of surveying and be presented on the screen.After the heat that survey soil is applied in all disappears, carry out the next round soil pore space water flow speed and measure, and repeat same process.
Fig. 4,5,6 is one embodiment of the present of invention, process flow diagram 3 is corresponding as follows with the circuit of embodiment circuit diagram 4,5,6: shown in Fig. 3,4, thermocouple temperature sensor 3,4 among Fig. 3 is the PROBE--A among Fig. 4, integrated circuit U1A, U2A have formed the temperature difference amplifying circuit 7 of process flow diagram 3 among Fig. 4, the single-chip microcomputer 11 of Fig. 3 is U9A among Fig. 4, U3A among Fig. 4, U7A have formed the A/D change-over circuit 9 of Fig. 3, U5A among Fig. 4, U8A have formed the D/A change-over circuit 13 of Fig. 3, the voltage subtracter 15 of Fig. 3 is U4A among Fig. 4, and the voltage comparator 17 of Fig. 3 is U6A among Fig. 4.Equally, shown in Fig. 3,6, thermocouple temperature sensor 5,6 among Fig. 3 is the PROBE--B among Fig. 6, integrated circuit U1B, U2B have formed the temperature difference amplifying circuit 8 of process flow diagram 3 among Fig. 6, the single-chip microcomputer 12 of Fig. 3 is U9B among Fig. 6, and the U3B among Fig. 6, U7B have formed the A/D change-over circuit 10 of Fig. 3, and the U5B among Fig. 6, U8B have formed the D/A change-over circuit 14 of Fig. 3, the voltage subtracter 16 of Fig. 3 is U4B among Fig. 6, and the voltage comparator 18 of Fig. 3 is U6B among Fig. 6.Shown in Fig. 3,5,232 and the Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit 21 of Fig. 3 are U4 among Fig. 5, and the host scm 20 of Fig. 3 is U3 among Fig. 5, and the U1 among Fig. 5, U2, Q1, Q2 have formed the D/A change-over circuit 19 of Fig. 3, and the well heater 2 of Fig. 3 is HOTER among Fig. 5.
As shown in Figure 5, middle road main control part, 232 are connected with control computer PC by J2 with the end of Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit U4, and the other end is connected with the serial ports of host scm U3.Host scm U3 is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit U1, U2, Q1, Q2, and the analog output of D/A change-over circuit U1, U2, Q1, Q2 is connected with heater H OTER.
As shown in Figure 4, the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects, thermocouple temperature sensor PROBE--A and temperature difference amplifying circuit U1A, the differential input end of U2A is connected, temperature difference amplifying circuit U1A, the output terminal of U2A is divided into two-way, respectively with A/D change-over circuit U3A, just (minuend) input end of the analog input end of U7A and voltage subtracter U4A is connected, A/D change-over circuit U3A, the digital output end of U7A is connected with single-chip microcomputer U9A, single-chip microcomputer U9A and D/A change-over circuit U5A, the digital input end of U8A is connected, D/A change-over circuit U5A, negative (subtrahend) input end of the analog output of U8A and voltage subtracter U4A is connected, the output terminal of voltage subtracter U4A is connected with the input end of voltage comparator U6A, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator U6A and single-chip microcomputer U9A is connected.
As shown in Figure 6, the following road temperature difference detects, thermocouple temperature sensor PROBE--B and temperature difference amplifying circuit U1B, the differential input end of U2B is connected, temperature difference amplifying circuit U1B, the output terminal of U2B is divided into two-way, respectively with A/D change-over circuit U3B, just (minuend) input end of the analog input end of U7B and voltage subtracter U4B is connected, A/D change-over circuit U3B, the digital output end of U7B is connected with single-chip microcomputer U9B, single-chip microcomputer U9B and D/A change-over circuit U5B, the digital input end of U8B is connected, D/A change-over circuit U5B, negative (subtrahend) input end of the analog output of U8B and voltage subtracter U4B is connected, the output terminal of voltage subtracter U4B is connected with the input end of voltage comparator U6B, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator U6B and single-chip microcomputer U9B is connected.
Shown in Fig. 4,5,6, middle road main control part and up and down road temperature difference test section be interconnective by the interruptive port of single-chip microcomputer, interrupt mode postpones minimum, helps improving the accuracy of measurement.External interrupt 0 port that the port of main control part host scm U3 and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer U9A is connected, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects port of single-chip microcomputer U9A and external interrupt 0 port of main control part host scm U3 is connected.External interrupt 0 port that the port of main control part host scm U3 and the following road temperature difference detect single-chip microcomputer U9B is connected, and the following road temperature difference detects port of single-chip microcomputer U9B and external interrupt 1 port of main control part host scm U3 is connected.
As Fig. 4,5, shown in 6, the course of work of the embodiment of the invention is as follows: control computer PC sends soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit U4 to main control part host scm U3 by 232, after main control part host scm U3 receives the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions, according in the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions heat time heating time length and the binary digit value of heating voltage start heating, the binary digit value of heating voltage is by D/A change-over circuit U1, U2, Q1, Q2 is converted to aanalogvoltage and is added on the heater H OTER, by the length heat time heating time transient heating soil under the control of main control part host scm U3 in the instruction.After starting heating, be that timer 0 and timer 1 zero clearing start timing with two the 16 bit timing devices of main control part host scm U3 at once, interrupt request is sent in the interruption 0 of control single chip computer U9A, the U9B of road temperature difference test section up and down simultaneously, wherein, timer 0 detects timing for the temperature difference of setting out on a journey, timer 1 is road temperature difference detection timing (timer 2 is the serial port Baud rate generator, and U3 is the single-chip microcomputer 89C52 with 3 timers) down.
Control single chip computer U9A, after the interruption 0 of U9B meets with a response, in interrupt service routine separately, start A/D conversion U3A respectively, U7A, U3B, U7B and D/A conversion U5A, U8A, U5B, U8B, respectively with temperature difference amplifying circuit U1A, U2A, U1B, the temperature drift voltage of U2B output is latched into voltage subtracter U4A, negative (subtrahend) input end of U4B, remove desuperheat difference amplifying circuit U1A more respectively, U2A, U1B, U2B directly is added in voltage subtracter U4A, the real-time output voltage of just (minuend) input end of U4B, this moment voltage subtracter U4A, the output voltage of U4B is zero, finished " dynamically the school zero " action, close single-chip microcomputer U9A then respectively, the interruption 0 of U9B, open interrupt 1 and withdraw from separately interruption 0 service routine, wait for the arrival of hot-fluid.
When hot-fluid arrives last following to thermocouple temperature sensor PROBE--B to thermocouple temperature sensor PROBE-A or arrival, the temperature difference amplifier U1A that sets out on a journey accordingly that is attached thereto, the output voltage of U2A or following road temperature difference amplifier U1B, the output voltage of U2B will increase, deduct the temperature drift voltage that is latched in set out on a journey voltage subtracter U4A or negative (subtrahend) input end of following road voltage subtracter U4B accordingly, set out on a journey accordingly voltage subtracter U4A or down the output voltage of road voltage subtracter U4B will increase gradually by zero, send into set out on a journey accordingly voltage comparator U6A or following road voltage comparator U6B respectively, compare with predefined temperature difference threshold voltage.
When the output voltage of the subtracter U4A that sets out on a journey will cause voltage comparator U6A upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its output is sent interrupt request to the external interrupt 1 of the control single chip computer U9A that sets out on a journey, after the control single chip computer U9A response external of setting out on a journey interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 0 of main control part host scm U3 is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer U9A, prepare for the next round temperature difference detects, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer U9A then.After host scm U3 response external interrupted 0, the temperature difference of externally interrupting stopping in 0 the service routine setting out on a journey detected the timing of timer 0, withdrawed from external interrupt 0 service routine of host scm U3.
Instantly the output voltage of road subtracter U4B will cause voltage comparator U6B upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its external interrupt 1 of exporting downward road control single chip computer U9B is sent interrupt request, after control single chip computer U9B response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 1 of main control part host scm U3 is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer U9B, prepare for the next round temperature difference detects, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer U9B then.After host scm U3 response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt stopping in 1 the service routine timing that the road temperature difference down detects timer 1, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of host scm U3.
After the external interrupt 0 of host scm U3 and external interrupt 1 all take place and withdraw from, that is to say and finished the timing that the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects timer 0 and following road temperature difference detection timer 1 that host scm U3 (represents T respectively with the chronometric data of timer 0 and timer 1
s, T
n) send to control computer PC by 232 with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit U4, control computer PC determined with chronometric data with when probe is installed apart from S substitution (3) formula, calculate the pore water flow velocity of the soil of surveying and be presented on the screen.After the heat that survey soil is applied in all disappears, carry out the next round soil pore space water flow speed and measure, and repeat same process.
In embodiment of the invention circuit diagram: U1A, U1B use INA128, U1, U2A, U2B use OP07, and U3A, U3B, U4A, U4B, U5A, U5B use AD820, and U6A, U6B use LM219, U9A, U9B use 89C2051, U3 uses 89C52, and U4 uses MAX232, and U2 uses DAC7611, U7A, U7B use ADS7818, U8A, U8B use TLV5616, and Q1 uses 2SD2495, and Q2 uses 2SK30.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of method of measured soil pore water flow velocity is characterized in that:
At first, go up installation well heater (2), be used to heat soil at measuring sonde support (1); Directly over the distance well heater (2) and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket (1) at equidistant S place, be used to detect the temperature difference, go up two temperature sensors (3 to temperature sensor, 4), S place probe bracket (1) directly over the distance well heater (2) go up and the S place directly over arranged apart successively on the probe bracket (1), with last to the temperature sensor symmetry, following two temperature sensors (5 to temperature sensor, 6), S place probe bracket (1) under the distance well heater (2) go up and the S place under arranged apart successively on the probe bracket (1), well heater (2) and temperature sensor (3,4,5,6) be on the same plane
Secondly, by two timers, write down the time that upper and lower two pairs of temperature sensor temperature difference occur respectively, starting well heater (2) carries out instantaneously heated while zero clearing and starts two timers soil, after being detected the temperature difference respectively, temperature sensor closes corresponding timer when upper and lower, the time of two timer records, the time T of representing hot-fluid to arrive respectively
s, T
n,
Then, promptly: V with formula (3)
j=(S/T
s-S/T
n)/2 calculate the pore water flow velocity V of the soil of surveying
j
2, the method for measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, following temperature difference test section, road and middle road main control part in measuring, above-mentioned soil pore space water flow speed are set,
In road master control part branch comprise control computer (22), 232 well heaters (2) that are connected with analog output with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21), the D/A change-over circuit (19) that is connected with host scm (20) by serial ports and 232 host scms (20) that are connected with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21), by digital input end that are connected with control computer (22) with D/A change-over circuit (19)
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section comprises temperature sensor (3,4), temperature difference amplifying circuit (7), single-chip microcomputer (11), A/D change-over circuit (9), D/A change-over circuit (13), voltage subtracter (15) and voltage comparator (17), wherein, temperature sensor (3,4) differential input end with temperature difference amplifying circuit (7) is connected, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit (7) is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit (9) and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter (15) respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit (9) is connected with single-chip microcomputer (11), single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit (13), the analog output of D/A change-over circuit (13) is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter (15), the output terminal of voltage subtracter (15) is connected with the input end of voltage comparator (17), interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator (17) and single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected
Temperature difference test section, following road comprises thermocouple temperature sensor (5,6), temperature difference amplifying circuit (8), single-chip microcomputer (12), A/D change-over circuit (10), D/A change-over circuit (14), voltage subtracter (16) and voltage comparator (18), wherein, temperature sensor (5,6) differential input end with temperature difference amplifying circuit (8) is connected, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit (8) is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit (10) and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter (16) respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit (10) is connected with single-chip microcomputer (12), single-chip microcomputer (12) is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit (14), the analog output of D/A change-over circuit (14) is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter (16), the output terminal of voltage subtracter (16) is connected with the input end of voltage comparator (18), interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator (18) and single-chip microcomputer (12) is connected
External interrupt 0 port that a port of middle road main control part host scm (20) and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected, the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects port of single-chip microcomputer (11) and external interrupt 0 port of middle road main control part host scm (20) is connected
In port of road main control part host scm (20) and external interrupt 0 port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer (12) be connected, the following road temperature difference detects port of single-chip microcomputer (12) and external interrupt 1 port of middle road main control part host scm (20) is connected
Control computer (22) sends soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21) to middle road main control part host scm (20) by 232, after host scm (20) is received the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions, according in the soil pore space water flow speed acquisition instructions heat time heating time length and the binary digit value of heating voltage start heating, the binary digit value of heating voltage is converted to aanalogvoltage by D/A change-over circuit (19) and is added on the well heater (2), by the length heat time heating time transient heating soil under the control of middle road main control part host scm (20) in the instruction, after starting heating, be that timer 0 and timer 1 zero clearing start timing with two 16 bit timing devices of middle road main control part host scm (20) at once, while is the control single chip computer (11 of road temperature difference test section up and down, 12) interrupt request is sent in interruption 0, wherein, timer 0 detects timing for the temperature difference of setting out on a journey, timer 1 is road temperature difference detection timing down
The road temperature difference detects control single chip computer (11 up and down, 12) after interruption 0 meets with a response, in interrupt service routine separately, start A/D conversion (9 respectively, 10) and D/A conversion (13,14), respectively with temperature difference amplifying circuit (7,8) Shu Chu temperature drift voltage is latched into voltage subtracter (15,16) negative input end, remove desuperheat difference amplifying circuit (7 more respectively, 8) directly be added in voltage subtracter (15, the real-time output voltage of positive input terminal 16), this moment, the voltage subtracter (15,16) output voltage is zero, finished " dynamically the school zero " action, close single-chip microcomputer (11 then respectively, 12) interruption 0, open interrupt 1 and withdraw from separately interruption 0 service routine, wait for the arrival of hot-fluid
When arriving, goes up hot-fluid thermocouple temperature sensor (3,4) or arrive down to thermocouple temperature sensor (5,6), the output voltage of the output voltage of the temperature difference amplifier of setting out on a journey accordingly (7) that is attached thereto or following road temperature difference amplifier (8) will increase, deduct the temperature drift voltage that is latched in set out on a journey voltage subtracter (15) or following road voltage subtracter (16) negative input end accordingly, set out on a journey accordingly voltage subtracter (15) or down the output voltage of road voltage subtracter (16) will increase gradually by zero, send into set out on a journey accordingly voltage comparator (17) or following road voltage comparator (18) respectively, compare with predefined temperature difference threshold voltage
When the output voltage of the subtracter of setting out on a journey (15) will cause voltage comparator (17) upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its output is sent interrupt request to the external interrupt 1 of the control single chip computer of setting out on a journey (11), after control single chip computer (11) response external of setting out on a journey interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 0 of middle road main control part host scm (20) is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer (11), for detecting, the next round temperature difference prepares, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer (11) then, after middle road main control part host scm (20) response external interrupts 0, the temperature difference of externally interrupting stopping in 0 the service routine setting out on a journey detects the timing of timer 0, withdraw from external interrupt 0 service routine of host scm (20)
Instantly the output voltage of road subtracter (16) will cause voltage comparator (18) upset greater than predefined temperature difference threshold voltage, its external interrupt 1 of exporting downward road control single chip computer (12) is sent interrupt request, after control single chip computer (12) response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt in 1 the service routine opening and interrupt 0 to the external interrupt 1 that the external interrupt 1 of middle road main control part host scm (20) is sent interrupt request and closed single-chip microcomputer (12), for detecting, the next round temperature difference prepares, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of single-chip microcomputer (12) then, after middle road main control part host scm (20) response external interrupts 1, externally interrupt stopping in 1 the service routine timing that the road temperature difference down detects timer 1, withdraw from external interrupt 1 service routine of host scm (20)
In the middle of after the external interrupt 0 of road main control part host scm (20) and external interrupt 1 all take place and withdraw from, that is to say and finished the timing that the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects timer 0 and following road temperature difference detection timer 1, host scm (20) is represented T respectively with the chronometric data of timer 0 and timer 1
s, T
nSend to control computer (22) by 232 with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21), control computer (22) determined with chronometric data with when probe is installed apart from S substitution (3) formula, calculate the pore water flow velocity of the soil of surveying and be presented on the screen, after the heat that survey soil is applied in all disappears, carry out the next round soil pore space water flow speed and measure, and repeat same process.
3, a kind of device of measured soil pore water flow velocity comprises measuring sonde support (1), is installed in the well heater that is used to heat soil (2) on the measuring sonde support (1), it is characterized in that:
Directly over the distance well heater (2) and under a pair of temperature sensor respectively is installed on the probe bracket (1) at equidistant S place, be used to detect the temperature difference, go up two temperature sensors (3 to temperature sensor, 4), S place probe bracket (1) directly over the distance well heater (2) go up and the S place directly over arranged apart successively on the probe bracket (1), with last to the temperature sensor symmetry, following two temperature sensors (5 to temperature sensor, 6), S place probe bracket (1) under the distance well heater (2) go up and the S place under arranged apart successively on the probe bracket (1), well heater (2) and temperature sensor (3,4,5,6) be on the same plane
This device also comprises the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, down temperature difference test section, road and middle road main control part, and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section and temperature difference test section, following road are symmetrical structures each other, and parameter is identical,
In road master control part branch comprise control computer (22), 232 well heaters (2) that are connected with analog output with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21), the D/A change-over circuit (19) that is connected with host scm (20) by serial ports and 232 host scms (20) that are connected with Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit (21), by digital input end that are connected with control computer (22) with D/A change-over circuit (19)
The temperature difference of setting out on a journey test section comprises temperature sensor (3,4), temperature difference amplifying circuit (7), single-chip microcomputer (11), A/D change-over circuit (9), D/A change-over circuit (13), voltage subtracter (15) and voltage comparator (17), wherein, temperature sensor (3,4) differential input end with temperature difference amplifying circuit (7) is connected, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit (7) is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit (9) and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter (15) respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit (9) is connected with single-chip microcomputer (11), single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit (13), the analog output of D/A change-over circuit (13) is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter (15), the output terminal of voltage subtracter (15) is connected with the input end of voltage comparator (17), interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator (17) and single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected
Temperature difference test section, following road comprises thermocouple temperature sensor (5,6), temperature difference amplifying circuit (8), single-chip microcomputer (12), A/D change-over circuit (10), D/A change-over circuit (14), voltage subtracter (16) and voltage comparator (18), wherein, temperature sensor (5,6) differential input end with temperature difference amplifying circuit (8) is connected, the output terminal of temperature difference amplifying circuit (8) is divided into two-way, be connected with the analog input end of A/D change-over circuit (10) and the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter (16) respectively, the digital output end of A/D change-over circuit (10) is connected with single-chip microcomputer (12), single-chip microcomputer (12) is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit (14), the analog output of D/A change-over circuit (14) is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter (16), the output terminal of voltage subtracter (16) is connected with the input end of voltage comparator (18), interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator (18) and single-chip microcomputer (12) is connected
External interrupt 0 port that a port of middle road main control part host scm (20) and the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detect single-chip microcomputer (11) is connected, the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects port of single-chip microcomputer (11) and external interrupt 0 port of middle road main control part host scm (20) is connected
In port of road main control part host scm (20) and external interrupt 0 port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer (12) be connected, the port of following road temperature difference detection single-chip microcomputer (12) and external interrupt 1 port of middle road main control part host scm (20) are connected.
4, the device of measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in middle road main control part, its physical circuit annexation is: 232 are connected with control computer PC by interface J2 with the end of Transistor-Transistor Logic level change-over circuit U4, the other end is connected with the serial ports of host scm U3, host scm U3 is connected with the digital input end of D/A change-over circuit U1, U2, Q1, Q2, and the analog output of D/A change-over circuit U1, U2, Q1, Q2 is connected with heater H OTER.
5, the device of measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, its physical circuit annexation is: temperature sensor PROBE--A and temperature difference amplifying circuit U1A, the differential input end of U2A is connected, temperature difference amplifying circuit U1A, the output terminal of U2A is divided into two-way, respectively with A/D change-over circuit U3A, the analog input end of U7A is connected with the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter U4A, A/D change-over circuit U3A, the digital output end of U7A is connected with single-chip microcomputer U9A, single-chip microcomputer U9A and D/A change-over circuit U5A, the digital input end of U8A is connected, D/A change-over circuit U5A, the analog output of U8A is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter U4A, the output terminal of voltage subtracter U4A is connected with the input end of voltage comparator U6A, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator U6A and single-chip microcomputer U9A is connected.
6, the device of measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in following temperature difference test section, road, its physical circuit annexation is: thermocouple temperature sensor PROBE--B and temperature difference amplifying circuit U1B, the differential input end of U2B is connected, temperature difference amplifying circuit U1B, the output terminal of U2B is divided into two-way, respectively with A/D change-over circuit U3B, the analog input end of U7B is connected with the positive input terminal of voltage subtracter U4B, A/D change-over circuit U3B, the digital output end of U7B is connected with single-chip microcomputer U9B, single-chip microcomputer U9B and D/A change-over circuit U5B, the digital input end of U8B is connected, D/A change-over circuit U5B, the analog output of U8B is connected with the negative input end of voltage subtracter U4B, the output terminal of voltage subtracter U4B is connected with the input end of voltage comparator U6B, and interruption 1 port of the output terminal of voltage comparator U6B and single-chip microcomputer U9B is connected.
7, the device of measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: middle road main control part respectively with the temperature difference test section of setting out on a journey, the physical circuit annexation of temperature difference test section, following road is: the port of main control part host scm U3 is connected with external interrupt 0 port that the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects single-chip microcomputer U9A, the temperature difference of setting out on a journey detects port of single-chip microcomputer U9A and external interrupt 0 port of main control part host scm U3 is connected, external interrupt 0 port that the port of main control part host scm U3 and the following road temperature difference detect single-chip microcomputer U9B is connected, and the following road temperature difference detects port of single-chip microcomputer U9B and external interrupt 1 port of main control part host scm U3 is connected.
8, the device of measured soil pore water flow velocity according to claim 3 is characterized in that: described temperature sensor is a thermocouple temperature sensor.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2008101410807A CN101339201A (en) | 2008-08-19 | 2008-08-19 | Method for measuring soil pore space water flow speed and its device |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101581713B (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-11-07 | 山西农业大学 | Farmland information collector |
| CN105259366A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 武汉工程大学 | Measuring device and method for seepage flow velocity |
| CN106199061A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method |
| CN107864675A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-03-30 | 迈克菲有限公司 | The cognition protection of the key industry solution merged using IOT sensors |
| CN110122284A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Intelligent cultivation apparatus, method and system |
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2008
- 2008-08-19 CN CNA2008101410807A patent/CN101339201A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101581713B (en) * | 2009-06-15 | 2012-11-07 | 山西农业大学 | Farmland information collector |
| CN107864675A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2018-03-30 | 迈克菲有限公司 | The cognition protection of the key industry solution merged using IOT sensors |
| CN107864675B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2019-10-11 | 迈克菲有限公司 | The cognition of the key industry solution merged using IOT sensor is protected |
| CN105259366A (en) * | 2015-10-30 | 2016-01-20 | 武汉工程大学 | Measuring device and method for seepage flow velocity |
| CN106199061A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2016-12-07 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method measuring soil water flow velocity based on thermal pulse method |
| CN106199061B (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-07-26 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of device and method based on thermal pulse method measurement soil water flow velocity |
| CN110122284A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2019-08-16 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Intelligent cultivation apparatus, method and system |
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