CN101320110B - 可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅 - Google Patents
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Abstract
可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,涉及一种相移光纤布喇格光栅,尤其是涉及一种基于光纤布喇格光栅法珀结构,透射谱具有可调谐特性的相移光纤布喇格光栅。提供一种调谐速度快,结构简单,稳定性高,成本低的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅。设有两段光纤布喇格光栅,在两段光纤布喇格光栅中***内径与光纤布喇格光栅外径匹配的套管,两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙填充折射率匹配液,在两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙中设间隙长度调节机构。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种光纤布喇格光栅,尤其是涉及一种基于光纤布喇格光栅法珀结构,透射谱具有可调谐特性的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅。
背景技术
相移光纤布喇格光栅(Phase-shifted Fiber Bragg Grating,PS-FBG)是指在常规光纤布喇格光栅的中间引入单个(或多个)光致折射率变化的不连续点,造成了光栅相位的跃变,其透射谱将在布喇格阻带打开了一个(或多个)非常窄的透射峰,因此具有非常好的波长选择性。通常所说的π-相移光纤布喇格光栅就是在光纤布喇格光栅正中位置光致折射率变化突变半个光栅周期。可以直接用相位掩模板刻写PS-FBG(参见文献:R.Kashyap,et al,UV written reflectiongrating structures in photosensitive optical fibres using phase-shifted phase masks,1994,Electronics Letters,30(23):1977),但是所制得的PS-FBG的特性完全取决于掩模板,缺乏灵活性,而且掩模板价格昂贵;也可以通过对布喇格光栅紫外曝光(参见文献:J.Canning,et al,π-phase-shifted periodic distributed structures in optical fibres by UV post-processing,ElectronicsLetters,1994,30(16):1344)、加热(参见文献:D.Uttamchandani,et al,Phase shifted Bragggratings formed in optical fibres by post-fabrication thermal processing,Optics Communications,1996,127(4):200)等后处理方法来制作PS-FBG,但是后处理方法通常难于控制,而且重复性不好。这些方法制得的PS-FBG的相移量是固定的,因此其透射谱不具有调谐性。通常可以通过镍铬电阻丝的电流热效应(参见文献:M.Janos,et al,Permanent and transient resonancesthermally induced in optical fiber Bragg gratings,Electronics Letters,1995,31(12):1007)、微加热头阵列(参见文献:S.Gupta,et al,Computer Control of Fiber Bragg Grating SpectralCharacteristics Using a Thermal Head,1997,Journal of Lightwave Technology,15(10):1925)以及泵浦铒镱共掺光纤的热效应(参见文献:Y.C.Lai,et al,Optically tunable fiber gratingtransmission filters,Optics Letters,2003,28(24):2446)等技术来改变PS-FBG的相移量的大小,从而调谐其透射谱特性。这些方法都是基于光纤的热光效应来实现相移调谐的,所以响应速度慢,***结构复杂,稳定性及可靠性差。
发明内容
本发明旨在针对现有的相移光纤布喇格光栅的调谐手段存在响应速度慢,***结构复杂,稳定性及可靠性差等不足,提供一种调谐速度快,结构简单,稳定性高,成本低的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅。
本发明设有两段光纤布喇格光栅,在两段光纤布喇格光栅中***内径与光纤布喇格光栅外径匹配的套管,两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙填充折射率匹配液,在两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙中设间隙长度调节机构,即调谐机构。
所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅的周期、长度以及光致折射率变化最好均相同。所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅的端面最好为平整端面。所述的套管可选用陶瓷套管、玻璃套管或金属套管等。所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度调节机构可用压电陶瓷或其它机械结构调节。
根据所需的工作波长可以确定光栅的周期,其大小等于1/2工作波长除以光纤的有效折射率;根据所需透射峰的线宽及其波长调谐范围可以确定光栅的反射率,进而可以确定光栅的长度以及光致折射率变化的大小,一般使用光致折射率变化较大、长度较短的光栅制得的PS-FBG能够获得较大的波长调谐范围和较窄的线宽。为了保证两段光纤布喇格光栅的一致性,可以使用相同的光纤、相位掩模板以及刻写条件,也可以将一段光纤布喇格光栅从正中位置用切割刀切割为相同的两段。为了降低两段光纤布喇格光栅对接时的***损耗,可以将两段光纤布喇格光栅的端面加工平整后,***内径与光纤外径匹配的套管,并且在两段光栅之间的间隙填充折射率匹配液,折射率匹配液覆盖两段光栅的端面。
本发明通过调节两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度,可以实现一种透射谱特性可调谐的相移光纤布喇格光栅。当间隙长度逐渐增加时,该PS-FBG的透射峰在布喇格阻带内由长波长向短波长方向漂移,并且具有周期性。利用本发明提出的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,能够实现稳定的、波长选择性好的、可调谐的光学滤波功能。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例的结构示意图。
图2和3分别为本发明实施例1和2所设计的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅的透射峰波长与两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度的关系。在图2和3中,横坐标为两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度(Gap length)/μm,纵坐标为透射峰波长(Transmissive peak wavelength)/nm。
图4和5分别为本发明实施例1和2所设计的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅的典型透射谱图。在图4和5中,横坐标为光波长(Wavelength)/nm,纵坐标为透射谱(TransmissionSpectra)/dB。
具体实施方式
以下实施例将结合附图对本发明作进一步的说明。
参见图1,本发明设有两段周期、长度以及光致折射率变化都相同的光纤布喇格光栅1和2以及套管3,套管3的内径与光纤布喇格光栅1和2的外径匹配,套管3的长度比光纤布喇格光栅1和2的长度之和长1~2cm。光纤布喇格光栅1和2的两个端面平整。套管3采用玻璃或陶瓷材料。光纤布喇格光栅1***套管3,光纤布喇格光栅1的端面位于套管3的正中位置,用胶水将光纤布喇格光栅1与套管3粘结固化。在套管3中间位置注入(能够覆盖光栅端面)折射率匹配液4,光纤布喇格光栅1的端面与折射率匹配液4完全接触。光纤布喇格光栅2***套管3,光纤布喇格光栅2的端面与折射率匹配液4完全接触,并与光纤布喇格光栅1的端面保持一定的间隙,间隙的长度大于零且小于等于100μm。用胶水将套管3与光纤布喇格光栅2分别粘结固化在压电陶瓷(PZT)5的两端。
本发明实施例1和2所设计的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅的透射峰波长与两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度的关系参见图2和3。本发明实施例1和2所设计的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅的典型透射谱图参见图4和5。光纤布喇格光栅1和2的长度均为5mm,周期均为526.46nm,光致折射率变化均为9.5×10-5,光栅的有效折射率与折射率匹配液4的折射率均为1.455,因此对应的光栅的中心波长为1532.099nm。当光纤布喇格光栅1和2端面之间的间隙长度由0.025μm变化到0.5μm的时候,相移光纤布喇格光栅的透射峰波长由1532.186nm线性变化到1532.012nm;当光纤布喇格光栅1和2端面之间的间隙长度由99.625μm变化到99.95μm时,相移光纤布喇格光栅的透射峰波长由1532.165nm线性变化到1532.016nm。当可调相移光栅间隙分别为0.15μm、0.25μm、0.35μm时,典型的透射光谱曲线如图4所示;当可调相移光栅间隙分别为99.7μm、99.75μm、99.8μm时,典型的透射光谱曲线如图5所示。
对于用上述方法制成的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,在压电陶瓷5的的正负电极之间接入直流电压。若接入正的电压,压电陶瓷5将伸长,电压越大,伸长量越大;若接入负的电压,压电陶瓷5将收缩,电压绝对值越大,收缩量越大。因此,通过调节直流电压的极性和大小,可以改变光纤布喇格光栅1和2端面之间的间隙长度,进而改变两段光栅之间的相移量的大小,从而实现相移光纤布喇格光栅透射峰波长的调谐。
本发明所用的调谐结构是压电陶瓷,也可以通过其他机械结构来调谐光纤布喇格光栅1和2端面之间的间隙长度。例如用电磁场的强度来控制磁致伸缩材料。或者将两个光栅放置于精密平移台上轴向对准,通过手动或电机调节光栅之间的间隙。或者是其他机械调谐结构。
Claims (3)
1.可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,其特征在于设有两段光纤布喇格光栅,在两段光纤布喇格光栅中***内径与光纤布喇格光栅外径匹配的套管,两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙填充折射率匹配液,在两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙中设间隙长度调节机构,所述折射率匹配液的折射率均为1.455;
所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅的周期、长度以及光致折射率变化均相同,所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅的端面为平整端面,所述光栅的周期为1/2工作波长除以单模光纤的有效折射率。
2.如权利要求1所述的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,其特征在于所述的套管为陶瓷套管、玻璃套管或金属套管。
3.如权利要求1所述的可调谐相移光纤布喇格光栅,其特征在于所述的两段光纤布喇格光栅之间的间隙长度调节机构为压电陶瓷。
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CN102829806B (zh) * | 2012-08-23 | 2014-12-10 | 中国科学院半导体研究所 | 基于相移光纤光栅的光纤传感*** |
CN102914516A (zh) * | 2012-10-26 | 2013-02-06 | 中国计量学院 | 基于光子晶体光纤长周期光栅的挥发性有机物传感方法及装置 |
WO2019095244A1 (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2019-05-23 | 深圳大学 | 相移光纤布拉格光栅制备方法、装置和相移光纤布拉格光栅 |
CN110646878A (zh) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-01-03 | 北京信息科技大学 | 一种相移布拉格光纤光栅的快速制备方法 |
CN112711094A (zh) * | 2020-12-28 | 2021-04-27 | 昂纳信息技术(深圳)有限公司 | 一种非接触跳线测量方法 |
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US5732169A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 1998-03-24 | Alcatel Submarcom | Filter for guided light, and an optical link including the filter |
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