CN101315060A

CN101315060A - Blade pitch-adjustable and self-starting vertical axis aerogenerator group

Info

Publication number: CN101315060A
Application number: CNA2007100413220A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 方强
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-05-28
Filing date: 2007-05-28
Publication date: 2008-12-03

Abstract

The invention relates to an automatic on/off vertical shaft wind generating set with an adjustable blade pitch for a wind power generation system. Currently, the mainstream of domestic and foreign wind generating sets are horizontal shaft wind generating sets, which have to equip a yaw system and brings tower shade effect arising from a disc-shaped generator if a speed-change gear box is omitted. Finally, the domestic and foreign study on vertical shaft wind generating sets remains certain misunderstandings, so that the blade pitch can not be adjusted and the wind generating set can not be automatically turned on/off. The invention aims to provide an automatic on/off vertical shaft wind generating set with an adjustable blade pitch, which takes full advantages of vertical shaft wind generating sets, omits the yaw system and speed-change gear box, and can move the cumbersome engine room to ground (can also be kept in tower top). Therefore, the wind generating set can be installed either on land or short sea coast, and has the advantages of low manufacturing cost and easy management.

Description

Adjustable-piston, self-starting vertical axis wind-powered electricity generation unit

The present invention is a kind of adjustable-piston, self-starting vertical axis wind-powered electricity generation unit that is used for wind-power generating system.

At present, the wind-power electricity generation mainstream model is the horizontal axis wind-driven generator group both at home and abroad, and pair wind system (yaw system) must be arranged, and wants to save the tower shadow effect that speed-change gear box has brought big pie generator to cause again.At last, the research to the vertical-axis generators group both at home and abroad remains in some misunderstandings, as can not transfer pitch, can not self-starting etc.

The vertical axis aerogenerator group that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of adjustable-piston, self-starting, it has given full play to the advantage of vertical axis aerogenerator group, yaw system and speed-change gear box have been cancelled, the cabin of heaviness can also be moved on to ground (also can stay cat head), thereby, provide a kind of both can be on land, also can be relatively low in the cost of shallow water (coastal waters), management easier wind power generating set relatively.

The object of the present invention is achieved like this: what wind-power electricity generation was said is the relative velocity of wind to blade, equal the rotational speed that wind speed deducts blade, utilize relative velocity to analyze because the direction that blade is made circular movement can be absorbed in during very complex mathematical is calculated in change constantly.And consider wind speed and blade circular movement respectively, causing the blade sectional shape by component velocity---the aerodynamics analysis of foline draws the most suitable vertical axis rotor of blade that has only arc section, because it can collect lift shape and resistance shape advantage and use, maximally utilise wind energy, so can finish the self-starting under the gentle breeze.And adopt the arc foline, and making the blade length of running business into particular one, it is fundamentally different than the blade of institute's organic types such as vertical axis wind electric unit Φ type, Ψ type, H type, ∏ type and S type in the past.Simultaneously, (wheel hub) distributes to the space homogeneous radiation the elongated blade of arc foline from the center, constituted core of the present invention.This not only is different from all wind-powered electricity generation units at present, and can be by the manual or automatic control break blade angle of attack, promptly change pitch and be fit to change of wind velocity, improve wind energy utilization, and can under cut-out wind speed, promptly change the angle of attack and aid parking from working state.

The direct effect of vertical axis rotor is not have tower shadow effect.Can design the multipolar generator that is fit to the slow direct driving of wind speed round, this generator is big pie, but because " cake " face is parallel to wind direction, so there is not tower shadow effect.Therefore, save speed-change gear box, also saved yaw system.In the time of by land, generator can also be contained on the ground.The gravity of vertical axis aerogenerator system is to prop up (on the thrust bearing) on the ground in addition, and horizontal axis is to prop up on former and later two bearings.The former design and installation of balance are much easier than the latter.

In sum, the present invention since take vertical shaft and arc foline and blade from wheel hub to the space homogeneous radiation, wind-driven generator fully can self-starting, also can regulate pitch, simultaneously, can reduce cost and managed operation expense relatively.

Fig. 1 is the schematic representation of any wind speed v, rotation speed n, circular movement linear velocity u and relative velocity w on the vertical axis rotor blade.

Fig. 2 is the stressed aerodynamics analysis figure of foline.

Fig. 3 is the blade organigram.

Fig. 4 is a wheel hub tectonic maps schematic representation.

Fig. 5 is 20 kilowatts of adjustable-pistons, self-starting vertical axis wind-powered electricity generation unit longitudinal section tectonic maps.

Among the figure, blade on 1,2 times blades, 3 wheel hubs, 4 rotating shafts, 5 generator amatures, 6 generator unit stators, 7 thrust bearings, 8 brake system, 9 actuating motors, 10 actuating motor cables, 11 servo motor power supply lighting outlet and slip rings, 12 ground connection and draw slip ring, 13 actuating motor driving gears, 14 petiole driven bevel pinions, 15 blade lightning protection systems, 16.1-16.5 blade foline, 17 blades-petiole driven bevel pinion connecting plate.

As can be seen from Figure 1, on the foline certain is put O rotation around the shaft, rotation speed n is clockwise among the figure, wind speed v lower direction from figure blows, u represents to do the linear velocity of circular movement, wind is to the relative velocity w=v-u of this point, among the figure, and the relative velocity w of correspondence when I, II, III, IV represent that the constant circular movement linear velocity of wind speed v is 1/2v, v, 3/2v, 2v.Obviously w is different and make a world of difference along with this position on circumference, thereby the stressed and effect of each point (still is resistance etc. as rotating effect, lift) is all different, but, analyzing v and u air dynamic behaviour respectively to foline, but can bring great convenience.From Fig. 2 (A) (B) as can be seen, foline gets+α and-angle of attack of α, the linear velocity u of circular movement, its aerodynamics analysis, resulting lift F ₁, positive incidence (+α) time, its u direction component, with+u direction is opposite, and negative angle of attack (α) time, with+u direction is consistent.So, in vertical axis aerogenerator, when the foline of blade is only got the negative work angle, just can obtain the tangential force that wind wheel quickens.And when foline only is subjected to the wind speed effect, because foline is in the diverse location of circumference, the direction difference of wind.So as it is motionless to establish foline, then wind from Fig. 2 (C) as can be seen, has only the arc foline from from all directions, could both obtain the promotion of lift, can obtain the counteractive promotion (being the promotion of wind) of resistance again.Among Fig. 2 (C), the wind of A, B, C direction is subjected to stopping of circular arc foline, and foline then relies on reaction and pushes ahead.So it is the present invention can start under gentle breeze, in gentle breeze, also can quick rotation the same as cup-shaped recording anemometer (its cross section is an arc).

Analysis above having had can be considered relative speed of wind w=v-u now.At first, select both can obtain bigger lift by the arc foline of the reaction force that can obtain big resistance and this foline the time angular range, in this scope, choose the negative angle of attack of circular movement then the angle of attack of wind speed by v.This both can also can test by practice by calculating.Satisfy optimum efficiency and adjust the angle of attack by the two combination (particularly by wind tunnel test) often.

Among Fig. 3,16.1-16.5 shows that the shape of foline is different, and its lower edge and not parallel illustrate that blade has certain torsional angle, the difference of the size and Orientation of relative speed of wind during with suitable identical turning radius.15 is the blade lightning protection system among the figure, comprises that the metal of blade tip leads the conductive cable of thunder sheet and blade center line, thunder can be directed to wheel hub and rotatingshaft, goes into ground at last.

Fig. 4 wheel hub is a symmetric body, (A) is the longitudinal section, has only drawn the part (blade 2 is vertical with its planar inverted) of blade 1 correspondence.(B) be the cross section, rounded.Central authorities are actuating motor 9, and it is by the engagement of actuating motor driving gear 13 and petiole driven bevel pinion 14, but the angle of attack (pitch) of 4 blades of synchronous change.When actuating motor is not worked, rotate with rotatingshaft 4 and generator amature 5 with four blades.And the gear between actuating motor and 4 blades gets in touch, and also guaranteed the static relatively of them.17 couple together blade and petiole driven bevel pinion, simultaneously, link to each other with wheel hub by ball bearing again, can rotate relative to wheel hub.

Fig. 5 is embodiments of the invention.Among the figure, what following blade 2 was drawn is dotted line, and purpose is to show its not in the drawings position, but in the position vertical with paper among the figure.When wind speed reached and surpass incision wind speed (3.5 meter per second), blade drives rotating shaft 4 by wheel hub 3 and generator amature 5 rotates synchronously, sends threephase AC from stator 6.7 is thrust bearing, and 8 is brake system.Blade petiole L ₁Be 400 millimeters, blade leaf palm L ₂Be 3800 millimeters, the wide d of propeller shank ₁Be 480 millimeters, the wide d of blade tip ₂Be 150 millimeters, blade root central authorities are thick to be 60 millimeters, is thinned to blade tip gradually from blade root, and its central authorities are thick to be 12 millimeters, and the petiole diameter is 200 millimeters.The blade material is a compositing organic material, adopts the wet lamination fabrication techniques.The wheel hub external diameter is 520 millimeters, and is high 270 millimeters.Long 11000 millimeters of wind wheel rotating shaft 4, is waved and swing etc. at the blade vibration that changes and cause thus because of the cycle of considering eccentric torque that relative speed of wind causes and torque, and it is 260 millimeters steel pipe that 35 millimeters thick external diameters are selected in rotating shaft for use.At last, the frame supporting of spreading out (not drawing the frame that spreads out among the figure) is adopted by bearing in the outside of rotating shaft, and its design and installation are all more flexible, and cost also is minimum in the various strengthening method.

Claims

1. the present invention is a kind of adjustable-piston, self-starting vertical axis wind power generating set, it is characterized in that the blade cross section is made of two curves, and one is the normal stream line style, and another is recessed arc.

2. adjustable-piston according to claim 1, self-starting vertical axis wind power generating set, it is characterized in that four blades from wheel hub to the space homogeneous radiation, promptly two become 90 degree angles obliquely, in addition two also become 90 degree angles and oblique down, the plane that two oblique blades are down formed is vertical with the plane of two compositions obliquely.Four blades are 45 degree with angle perpendicular to the rotating shaft on ground.

3. adjustable-piston according to claim 1, self-starting vertical axis wind power generating set, the petiole that it is characterized in that blade can be adjusted their pitch by actuating motor in wheel hub.

4. adjustable-piston according to claim 1, self-starting vertical axis wind power generating set is characterized in that wind wheel directly drives generator.