CN101309743B - 收集排放污染物的过滤器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于分离组成流体的不同物质的过滤***,其特点是利用一个均匀的电或磁场产生一种斯塔克效应,而后使用该效应产生的谐振震荡电场的能量间隔,或使用希曼效应产生的谐振震荡磁场的能量间隔。能与谐振振荡场发生共振的分子被收留在过滤器内,随后通过一个吸气***被排出。
Description
发明目的
本发明涉及一种用于过滤流体中的污染物的新***,特别关注其在烟雾净化设备和/或水处理设备中的应用。
本发明属于流体净化和物质分离方法的领域。
技术背景
目前,市场上有许多用于分离流体中的污染物的***和方法,但是没有一种如同本说明书中所述的。
这些方法可以是物理的,如分馏、过滤、倾析法、离心、色谱法、电解等,或者是化学的。大部分化学方法都基于向原混合物中添加新物质,于是产生改变所述物质的物理性质的化学键,而后就能够使用物理方法分离它们。所有这些方法都广为文献记载并在工业中作为常规方式应用。
对于要分离流体中存在的金属微粒的特殊情况,已经有很多发明。此情况下,将磁铁浸在流体中并收集这些微粒(WO 2005/014486、WO03/078069、WO 2002/094351、WO 02/094446、WO 02/094351、WO02/081092、WO 02/20125、WO 01/78863、WO 98/16320、WO 97/04873、US 6,846,411、US 6,835,308、US 6,833,069、US 6,706,178、US 6,649,054、US 6,638,425、US 6,461,504、US 6,277,276、US 6,210,572、US 5,817,233、US 4,488,962、US 5,647,993、US 5,468,381、US5,439,586、US 5,242,587、US 5,012,365、US 5,009,779、US 4,894,153、US 4,722,788、US 4,594,215、US 4,468,321、US 4,446,019、US4,394,264、US 4,377,830、US 4,363,729、US 4,251,372、US T997,002、US 4,209,403、US 4,206,000、US 4,154,682、US 4,082,656、US4,054,931、US 4,031,011、US 4,026,805、US 3,979,288、ESP2,085,824、ESP 2,015,825、ESP 8,700,069、ESP 8,206,202、ESP0,467,616、ESP 0,332,684、ESP 0,246,811、ESP 0,123,480)。
也有早先用于处理润滑油的相似***的描述(WO 97/26977、WO97/09275、US 6,729,442、US 6,554,999、US 6,524,476、US 6,503,393、US 6,413,421、US 6,337,012、US 6,207,050、US 6,162,357、US6,139,737、US 5,932,108、US 5,702,598、US 5,423,983、US5,078,871、US 4,826,592、US 4,763,092、US 5,389,252、US5,354,462、US 4,705,626、US 4,613,435、US 4,450,075、US 4,293,410、US 4,176,065、US 6,551,506、US 6,444,123、US 5,571,411、ESP0,274,276、ESP 0,314,351)。
当要分离气态流体中的金属微粒时,一些方法采用了这些磁力分离***(US 6,897,718、US 6,750,723、US 6,594,157)。在另一些情况下,使一种金属物质与其它物质发生反应,使它们具有磁性,从而使它们得以用这些磁性过滤器分离(US 5,122,269)。
磁性过滤器也能够用来分离电离的微粒、电子或任何其它类型的带电荷的微粒(US 6,559,445、US 6,441,378、US 6,094,012、US 6,016,036)。
其它类型的过滤器使用了非均匀的电磁场与中性粒子的磁/或电偶极矩之间的相互作用,其中存在强的场梯度。这种方法使这些粒子从其原轨迹偏转(US 6,251,282)。
到目前为止,还没有公开过基于利用与要收集的物质的能量跃迁相调谐的外(电和/或磁)力场的过滤***和/或方法。
发明描述
本发明涉及一种用于过滤流体中所含物质的分子的方法,该方法包含:
1a)给所述流体施加第一外力场以导致待过滤分子中的能级间隔;
1b)同时给所述流体施加与待过滤分子中的能级间隔相调谐的第二外力场;
1c)使得待过滤分子偏离原始轨迹并沿着一条新的轨迹而行,所述新的轨迹通过调整所述第一外力场和所述第二外力场而被控制;
其特征在于,所述方法被用于包含如下部分的过滤器***:
1d)空心圆筒支座(S);
1e)在所述空心圆筒支座(S)的内壁上、由电流导体材料制成的空心圆筒(E2);
1f)一根棒,该棒:
1f1)由对电流绝缘的材料制成;
1f2)从所述内壁向圆筒内部径向地穿入;
1f3)支撑两个金属环(E1,E3),这两个金属环之间相互电绝缘而且与所述空心圆筒支座(S)和所述空心圆筒(E2)同轴;
1f4)使得待过滤的分子被收集在接近于所述两个金属环(E1,E3)之间的间隔的区域中。
本发明涉及一种***,该***能通过使用数个电和/或磁场来过滤流体中存在的污染物,所述数个电和/或磁场是相互垂直的并且与待过滤的分子的能量跃迁相调谐。
下面描述的***可以通过利用电场或磁场无差别地使用。为了简化文本的撰写,下文中将只提到电场,尽管必须理解的是,涉及到这些场的任何方面也适用于使用磁场。
首先需要通过使用在两个金属元件(铜片,或能够产生均匀电场的任何类似元件)之间的电势差产生一个均匀电场。为了简单起见,下文中将把均匀电场称为C.H.。要从中提取待过滤物质的流体必需横切上述C.H.,同时一旦在其内部就必需施加一个新的垂直于前一电场并振荡的场(简称为C.O.),这样,C.O.的振荡频率与待过滤分子中由C.H.导致的能级间隔相调谐。
众所周知,任何分子置于外场中时会产生称为期塔克效应(当出现在电场中)或赛曼效应(当出现在磁场中)的效应。这种赛曼或斯塔克效应使分子的(电子、振动或旋转)能级***。可以建立在不同的能级之间的跃迁,就是说,当施加能量辐射(该能量辐射等于之间发生变化的两能级的间隔)时,分子从一个能态改变到另一个能态。这个过程被称为谐振。
考虑到在前述条件下发生谐振现象时,要发生谐振的分子通过过滤器走过一条轨迹,就导致偏离原始轨迹的偏转,而分子则沿着一条新的轨迹而行,所述新的轨迹能通过调整C.H.和C.O.的强度而被控制。
能够计算出最佳条件,该条件能使要从流体中消除的分子留在效应区域内。一旦收集到足以实现高浓度的分子,就可以通过使用一个吸气***提取它们。
为了改进过滤器处理的效率,***的应用能够重复使用希望的次数。
如果希望收集同一种流体中的不同化合物,可以使用串联设置的数个过滤装置,它们中的每一个都与待收集的分子调谐。
优选实施方式
通过如下实施例阐释本发明,但该实施例绝不是限制本发明的范围,本发明仅由权利要求书限定。
通过使用与待收集的分子调谐的场来过滤流体:
考虑一种实验装置,例如图1中所描述的那个。这个装置不是按照比例实施的。***由一个空心圆筒形状的支座(S)形成,它支撑着一个圆柱形的金属表面(E2)。从支座(S)向圆环内部穿入一根棒(对电流绝缘的材料制成),棒上支撑两个称为(E1)和(E3)的另两个金属环,它们之间相互电绝缘。
E1和E3处于相同的电势。在E2和由E1与E3组成的区域之间施加一种产生均匀场C.H.的电势差,场力线从E1和E3出发,到达E2。同时,在E1和E3之间施加一个电势差,这样这两个元件就起到天线的作用,发射一个垂直于C.H.的振荡场C.O.。
保持与由C.H.在待过滤分子中产生的跃迁相调谐的C.O.振荡频率,可以使上述分子收集在接近于E1和E3之间的间隔的区域中。维持***的运转,在E1和E3之间的区域,谐振中涉及的这些分子的浓度提高。定期打开安装在(S)周围的一些称作(V)的吸气阀门。所述这些阀门的出口通向其中储存被收集物质的罐。
一个实际例子显示在图2中,其中使用过滤器从氢和氦的混合物中分离分子氢。可以具体地观察到,谐振中涉及的分子的旋转状态是如何被精确分离的。
附图的简要说明
图1显示了采用电力场的情况中的实验***的示意图,
方块(A)显示的直视图或侧视图,
方块(P)是俯视图或顶视图。使用的略语如下:
S:空心圆筒支座;
E2:电流导体材料制成的空心圆筒;
E1和E3:由一小条电流绝缘带分开的电流导体材料制成的环;
V:能够被脉冲连接至外部真空***(未包括在附图中)的阀门,打开时,它们抽吸在(S)内收集到的物质。
图2显示了一个频谱图,其中从氢和氦的混合物中分离了分子氢。垂直轴表示信号强度,它与分子氢的浓度成比例,横过过滤器。水平轴表示振荡场的频率。对于一个100高斯的均匀场,观察到从过滤器出来的氢如何减少,以谐振中涉及的状态的100%计。
Claims (9)
1.用于过滤流体中所含物质的分子的方法,该方法包含:
1a)给所述流体施加第一外力场以导致待过滤分子中的能级间隔;
1b)同时给所述流体施加与待过滤分子中的能级间隔相调谐的第二外力场;
1c)使得待过滤分子偏离原始轨迹并沿着一条新的轨迹而行,所述新的轨迹通过调整所述第一外力场和所述第二外力场而被控制;
其特征在于,所述方法被用于包含如下部分的过滤器***:
1d)空心圆筒支座(S);
1e)在所述空心圆筒支座(S)的内壁上、由电流导体材料制成的空心圆筒(E2);
1f)一根棒,该棒:
1f1)由对电流绝缘的材料制成;
1f2)从所述内壁向圆筒内部径向地穿入;
1f3)支撑两个金属环(E1,E3),这两个金属环之间相互电绝缘而且与所述空心圆筒支座(S)和所述空心圆筒(E2)同轴;
1f4)使得待过滤的分子被收集在接近于所述两个金属环(E1,E3)之间的间隔的区域中。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中:
2a)所述第一外力场是由均匀电场引起的;
2b)所述第二外力场是由振荡电场引起的。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中:
3a)所述第一外力场是由具有梯度的非均匀电场引起的;
3b)所述第二外力场是由振荡电场引起的,使得通过选定不同的共振频率,使不同的物质得以共振和收集。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中:
4a)所述第一外力场是由均匀磁场引起的;
4b)所述第二外力场是由振荡磁场引起的。
5.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中所述力场是相互垂直的。
6.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,其中,对同一种物质或数种物质重复实施该方法n次,同时或按顺序进行。
7.权利要求1-4任一项的方法,用于下列物质的单独或共同收集:二氧化碳、一氧化碳、一氧化二氮、笑气、三氧化二氮、四氧化二氮、二氧化氮、五氧化二氮、二氧化硫、三氧化硫、硫化氢、水、重水、氢、氘化氢、氘、氚、分子氧、氨、丁基胺、二丁基胺、二异丙基胺、二甲基胺、乙基胺、甲基胺、三甲基胺、吡啶、粪臭素、二硫苯、二甲基硫醚、烯丙硫醇、戊硫醇、苯甲硫醇、乙硫醇、甲硫醇、丙硫醇、苯硫醇、丁硫醇、醛类、氯二苯并二恶英类、氯二苯并呋喃类。
8.采用权利要求1-4任一项的方法分离流体中所含物质的流体过滤器***,其特征在于,过滤器中被收集的物质借助吸气装置而被排出。
9.权利要求8的流体过滤器***,其中所述吸气装置包括多个脉冲阀门。
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ES200501693A ES2264899B1 (es) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-07-12 | Filtro para capturar emisiones contaminantes. |
ESP200501693 | 2005-07-12 | ||
PCT/ES2005/000701 WO2007006817A1 (es) | 2005-07-12 | 2005-12-22 | Filtro para capturar emisiones contaminantes |
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CN101309743B true CN101309743B (zh) | 2011-05-18 |
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US (2) | US20090166207A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1902770B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5272163B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101309743B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005334391B2 (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2264899B1 (zh) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2406560C2 (ru) | 2010-12-20 |
US20130168251A1 (en) | 2013-07-04 |
ES2404537T3 (es) | 2013-05-28 |
CN101309743A (zh) | 2008-11-19 |
AU2005334391A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
JP2009501072A (ja) | 2009-01-15 |
EP1902770A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
RU2008100151A (ru) | 2009-08-20 |
AU2005334391B2 (en) | 2011-10-06 |
EP1902770B1 (en) | 2013-01-30 |
US20090166207A1 (en) | 2009-07-02 |
JP5272163B2 (ja) | 2013-08-28 |
ES2264899A1 (es) | 2007-01-16 |
EP1902770A4 (en) | 2010-12-29 |
AU2005334391A8 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
ES2264899B1 (es) | 2008-01-01 |
WO2007006817A1 (es) | 2007-01-18 |
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