CN101294850A - Novel method and device for measuring ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase - Google Patents
Novel method and device for measuring ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a new method for measuring an ultrashort light pulse spectral phase in the field of information optoelectronics and a device thereof. According to the method, a time delay minus Tau with polarity is introduced between two quasi-monochromatic light components with frequency Omega generated by the chirped stretching of a pulse to be detected; an additional time delay plus Tau, which is introduced between two quasi-monochromatic light components due to a pulse stretcher, is compensated to be in synchronization with the pulse to be measured and generate two sum frequency lights together with the pulse through a sum frequency crystal; respective power spectra and coherent spectra without interference fringe are acquired through a spectrometer. The phase difference between the two sum frequency lights is calculated by the three spectra through formulae. A spectrum phase curve of the pulse to be measured is calculated by adopting a concatenated method. The method can accurately determine the phase difference polarity of the pulse spectrum, and provide the simple, real-time, rapid and accurate measurement method and the device thereof for measuring the ultrashort optical pulse spectral phase.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is applied to ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method in the information optoelectronics field, promptly is called the SPIDER method of no interference fringe (Fringe-Free), is called for short FF-SPIDER method and device thereof.
Background technology
Ultrashort pulse generation in the ultrafast information optics field and application need are measured accurately to envelope, the phase structure of light pulse.Accompanying drawing 4 is depicted as the Gaussian envelope and the centre frequency carrier wave synoptic diagram of ultrashort light pulse electric field.A light pulse very short on time domain is to be made of many carrier waves with different frequency, and Δ γ (band width) * Δ t (pulse width)=0.441 (Gaussian-shaped pulse) is arranged.This frequency carrier oscillation peak and envelope peak are overlapping shown in the figure, that is to say, the initial phase of this carrier wave (also claiming absolute phase) is zero.If the peak value of the peak value of another frequency carrier and envelope is not overlapping, for example said past+t deviation in driction 1/4 oscillation period, then think the initial position of these two carrier waves differ into
In the mode-locked laser of a generation ultrashort light pulse, owing to the machinery or the hot reasons such as instability in GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion), chamber in the chamber, the phase differential of original locking can change between each carrier wave, and the shape of light pulse and width are also changed.Therefore, detect and lock the first phase potential difference and just become the generation of ultrashort pulse, particularly femtosecond pulse and the important topic in the application (for example split-second precision measurement, femtosecond markers, chirped pulse generation etc.).It is spectrum phase coherent measurement direct electric field reconstruct method (Spectral Phase Interferometry Direct Electric-fieldReconstruction is called for short the SPIDER method) as the main method of measuring in real time in the world now.The ultimate principle of SPIDER method be utilize pulse to be measured and frequently the relevant frequency spectrum of light through Fourier transform and the spectrum phase of derived pulse.It need split into two pulses that relative time postpones τ to pulse to be measured for this reason, again respectively and frequently, make these two and light is relevant and obtain interference spectrum frequently then with other two quasi-monochromatic lights (generally forming through chirp spread) with difference on the frequency Ω by pulse to be measured.Because τ has picosecond level, causes interference spectrum to have dense pectination interference fringe.Write down this dense interference fringe and must use the high spectrometer of resolution, faint noise can change comb peak structure; Simultaneously need again measurement result is carried out Filtering Processing and anti-fourier transform, deduct the additional phase error ω of artificial introducing again
cτ.These processes have increased the complicacy and the difficulty of this technology, cause measurement result that bigger error is arranged.This is the drawback of the present SPIDER method that adopts both at home and abroad.Over the past two years, the SPIDER that proposes zero propagation is also arranged abroad, attempt overcomes the drawback of spectrum interference fringe, but introduces time and space interference striped again for phase differential is done to proofread and correct, and has increased new sum of errors inconvenience.Proposed in another patent of publicity and the paper at home a kind of being called " delayed controlled stripe-free spectrum phase interference pulse measuring method (be called for short CDFF-SPIDER method); though this method attempt overcome that classical SPIDER method has that the relevant spectral method of dense interference fringe brought shortcoming; it is not found; illustrate and use the very important information about the measured pulse phase polarity that is comprised in the no interference fringe frequency spectrum; but propose with frequency light in introducing pi/2 phase poor (being equivalent to the tens nanometer delay distance) to overcome spectrum phase difference qi justice problem, this is unreasonable in theory; be difficult to accomplish in actual measurement.
The basic skills of ultrashort pulse spectrum phase coherent measurement art is that to be split into the pulse of delay inequality τ (claim time shearing displacement) with pulse to be measured right, again respectively with other two quasi-monochromatic lights (being generally two the carrier frequency compositions of pulse to be measured behind chirp spread) with difference on the frequency Ω and frequently the back produce with must pulse right, obtain the relevant frequency spectrum of second order by the spectrometer coherence stack then.Its mathematic(al) representation can be write as:
Wherein
Be pulse to be measured respectively with two quasi-monochromatic lights and two and the power spectrums of pulse frequently frequently generating,
Be their first phase potential difference, ω τ is and the corresponding additional phase error of time shearing displacement.The introducing of this additional phase error can be determined
Polarity, but also introduce simultaneously many drawbacks such as intensive interference fringe; In the CDFF-SPIDER method, do not have this to add the first phase potential difference, save the trouble of interference fringe, but can't determine
Polarity, promptly have qi justice problem.
Summary of the invention
Patent purpose of the present invention is just in order to overcome the defective of above-mentioned prior art on the principle method and apparatus, adopt direct compensation by the method for the additional phase error of two monochromatic compositions of standard in the pulse to be measured of chirp spread, produce the relevant frequency spectrum of no interference fringe, and can correctly determine the polarity of pulse spectrum phase differential, provide easy, measuring method and device accurately real-time for measuring ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase.
The crucial part of the present invention on principle is how to determine the polarity of compensation of phase difference.At first, can determine that by the characteristic of our used pulse stretcher the polarity of warbling of broadened pulse to be measured is for just warbling, be the quasi-monochromatic light phase place more leading of low frequency than having of high frequency, that is to say, (high frequency light phase place-low frequency light phase) the additional phase error ω τ that introduces because of stretcher is positive, shown in (1) formula.This will differentiate go into (ω
cAdditional phase error compensation τ) that is to say the identical phase differential of low frequency quasi-monochromatic light hysteresis that will make phase place leading.
After above-mentioned appropriate compensation to additional phase error, formula (1) just becomes
By (2) formula can count this phase differential
The phase differential that is got by (3) formula meter can be tried to achieve the spectrum phase of pulse to be measured again with Cascading Methods
Therefore, adopt the FF-SPIDER method can easy, fast and more accurately measure the spectrum phase of ultrashort light pulse.
The present invention introduces the phase differential of a band polarity according to first phase potential difference compensation principle between each frequency carrier composition in the chirped pulse, offsets additional phase error.This technology has not only been developed the advantage of above-mentioned two kinds of methods but also overcome drawback separately from the source, form a kind of easy, practical, the new method that accuracy is high.The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and realize by following proposal:
Between two the accurate monochromatic one-tenth beam split that generates by pulse chirp broadening to be measured, introduce the time delay-τ of a band polarity with difference on the frequency Ω, compensate the additional period retardation+τ that introduces because of pulse stretcher between the beam split of two accurate monochromatic one-tenth, make itself and impulsive synchronization to be measured, and pass through together and two of crystal generations frequently and frequency light, again through the spectrometer acquisition power spectrum separately and the relevant frequency spectrum of no interference fringe; Calculate described two and the phase differential of light frequently by these three frequency spectrums by formula, adopt the cascade method to try to achieve the spectrum phase curve of pulse to be measured then.The innovation part of FF-SPIDER method is that the additional period that produces because of stretcher between two quasi-monochromatic lights that reflect postpones, be not to be split into two pulses that postpone mutually by pulse to be measured to realize (same-phase) synchronously with two quasi-monochromatic lights respectively, but the relative time delay of regulating two quasi-monochromatic light catoptrons is realized between two quasi-monochromatic lights and with pulse to be measured synchronously.
Calculating described two formula with the phase differential of frequency light is:
This method has been taken into account the positive negativity of time delay τ between two quasi-monochromatic lights, and τ is the time shearing displacement: if the group velocity of high frequency quasi-monochromatic light low than low frequency quasi-monochromatic light, then the time delay difference between them or phase differential be for just, otherwise for bearing.
There are two kinds of schemes can between two quasi-monochromatic lights, introduce the time delay of band polarity, the additional period retardation that compensation produces because of stretcher (comprising grating pair or high-dispersive optical medium stretcher), make itself and impulsive synchronization to be measured: the first is regulated pulse delay amount to be measured earlier, and making itself and frequency is ω
0Quasi-monochromatic light synchronous, ω
0Be the centre frequency of pulse to be measured, regulating frequency is (ω again
0Additional delay amount between-Ω) two quasi-monochromatic lights of quasi-monochromatic light amount of delay compensation; It two is the pulse delay amounts to be measured of regulating earlier, and making itself and frequency is (ω
0-Ω) quasi-monochromatic light is synchronous, and regulating frequency is ω again
0The relative phase difference of two quasi-monochromatic lights of quasi-monochromatic light amount of delay compensation.Under one situation of back, the additional phase error size that is got by (1) formula meter is with the identical of the previous case but polarity is opposite.This has just overcome the difficulty of determining phase difference value polarity in the CDFF-SPIDER method.Above-mentioned tool characteristic additional differs compensation method and both had been applicable to the situation of grating pair as pulse stretcher, also be applicable to situation with the pulse to be measured of high chromatic dispersion transparent medium broadening, it is to adopt glass (for example ZF4 glass) post of the high chromatic dispersion of an about cms long tool as the pulse to be measured of stretcher broadening, the two-beam that spatially is divided into equivalence again through an Amici prism, then with have the mirror M 4 of above-mentioned time delay function and M5 this two-beam by former road reflected back.This device can be done compactly, and pulsed light loss of strength to be measured is also less, helps improving measurement Min Lingdu.
This method is not subjected to the restriction of time shearing displacement τ to the selection of frequency shearing displacement Ω, can select enough little Ω according to the highest resolution of institute's use spectrometer, can satisfy the Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem---just think that promptly a pulse is limited in time interval T≤2 π/Ω fully, could also can be improved measuring accuracy by accurately reconstruct.
Implement the device of claim ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method, the light path of this device is as follows: the pulse P1 to be measured that is produced by femto-second laser is divided into reflected light and transmitted light two parts through beam splitter BS, the pulse P2 to be measured of reflection successively passes through periscope PR, mirror M 1, M2, M3 and concave mirror CM enters and the frequency crystal, wherein M1, M2 form roof mirror, and accurately control its optical path delay amount by computing machine; Pulse to be measured is pressed former road reflected back through the transmission part P3 of beam splitter by the device of two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase error functions of compensation, after mirror M 6 reflects, focus on and two of frequency crystal generations and frequency flashlight by concave mirror CM again, and reach while importing digital formula spectrometer to these two respectively with the frequency signal with pulsed light P2 to be measured.
Described and frequency crystal is II class coupling BBO, and thickness is 100 μ m.
The device of two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase errors of described compensation function is pulse to be measured after the transmission part P3 of beam splitter is by the pulse stretcher broadening of being made up of grating pair G1, G2 by mirror M 4 with accurate optical path delay and M5 is frequency ω
0High frequency quasi-monochromatic light P4 and frequency be (ω
0-low frequency quasi-monochromatic light P5 Ω) is respectively by former road reflected back.
The device of two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase errors of described compensation function is to adopt the glass column of the high chromatic dispersion of an about cms long tool as the pulse to be measured of stretcher broadening, the two-beam that spatially is divided into equivalence again through an Amici prism, then the facetted mirrors M4 of the free delay feature of apparatus and M5 this two-beam is produced with pulse to be measured by former road reflected back and pulse frequently right.
The difference of apparatus of the present invention and SPIDER device maximum is to have cancelled measured pulse is divided into two pulses that time-delay is arranged by beam splitter, changes into and introduce the adjustable chronotron of a polarity in two quasi-monochromatic light roads; With the maximum different additional pi/2 phase chronotrons of except that above-mentioned improvement, also having cancelled frequency doubled light of the device of CDFF-SPIDER.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
1, overcome that many interference fringes cause that all drawbacks and pulse beam splitting chip chromatic dispersion to be measured distort to the restriction of bandwidth in the relevant frequency spectrum of SPIDER method; Phase differential difference problem and the unsurmountable difficulty of putting into practice in the CDFF-SPIDER method have also been eliminated simultaneously; Process of measurement is simple and clear, needn't carry out complicated fourier transform or phase differential polarity identification, has improved measuring accuracy and accuracy greatly.
2, the inventive method can take into full account and utilize the characteristic of pulse stretcher, design measuring accuracy and accuracy height, measurement mechanism easy to use.GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) by stretcher
Can obtain the relation of difference on the frequency Ω and its delay inequality τ of two quasi-monochromatic lights
。Simultaneously, the selection of frequency spectrum shearing displacement also will be satisfied the Whittaker-Shannon sampling theorem.Just think that promptly a pulse is limited in time interval T≤2 π/Ω fully, could be by accurately reconstruct.So, should select the Ω should be enough little, so that T is obviously greater than pulse width to be measured.This just requires the τ value little.But concerning the SPIDER method, can separate from DC component for the AC compounent behind the fourier transform that makes relevant frequency spectrum, τ can not be too little.Not limited by this, can improve measuring accuracy.
3, the FF-SPIDER method can reduce difficulty and the error that proving installation is proofreaied and correct.The right phase differential of pulse need be from each measured value in the SPIDER method and frequently
In deduct the additional phase error ω that the time shearing displacement produces
cτ and getting.Common ω
cτ is a ratio
Much bigger amount, the former measuring error will influence the latter's accuracy of measurement greatly.Thereby, ω
cThe accurate correction of τ just becomes the key of this method.In the CDFF-SPIDER method,, make the surveying work difficulty give enforcement, also introduce error equally because of its additional phase error that needs in two and pulse frequently, accurately to introduce pi/2.But in the FF-SPIDER method, ω
cτ in measurement by best compensation, making total additional phase error is zero, needn't to its again row proofread and correct, reduce measuring error, help improving the precision and the accuracy of measurement.
4, in the light path that all measured pulse are passed through, do not exist chromatic dispersion device and frequency crystal to adopt the broadband design in the present invention's the measuring system yet, so its both measurement of suitable wide picopulse, the measurement of narrow Asia ten femtosecond pulses also be applicable to.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the device light path principle figure of FF-SPIDER method embodiment 1;
Frequency doubled light power spectrum (dashed curve) and relevant frequency spectrum (solid-line curve) that Fig. 2 A records for the FF-SPIDER method;
The relevant frequency spectrum of Fig. 2 B band interference fringe that to be the SPIDER method measure under equal experiment condition;
Fig. 3 A is pulse power frequency spectrum to be measured (solid line) and the pulse spectrum phase curve to be measured that adopts FF-SPIDER method (trigpoint line), SPIDER method (circle points line) to repair respectively;
The light intensity autocorrelator trace that Fig. 3 B obtains for the pulse light intensity autocorrelator trace (heavy line) that calculated by the conversion limit by pulse power frequency spectrum to be measured with FF-SPIDER (trigpoint line) reconstruct and time phase curve;
Fig. 4 is the Gaussian envelope and the centre frequency carrier wave synoptic diagram of ultrashort light pulse electric field;
Fig. 5 is the device light path principle figure of FF-SPIDER method embodiment 2.
Embodiment
Above-mentioned effect of the present invention realizes by following measurement scheme and device:
Frequency doubled light power spectrum (dashed curve) and relevant frequency spectrum (solid-line curve) that Fig. 2 A records for the FF-SPIDER method; The relevant frequency spectrum of Fig. 2 B band interference fringe that to be the SPIDER method measure under equal experiment condition; Fig. 3 A is pulse power frequency spectrum to be measured (solid line) and the pulse spectrum phase curve to be measured that adopts FF-SPIDER method (trigpoint line), SPIDER method (circle points line) to repair respectively.Fig. 3 B is pulse light intensity autocorrelator trace to be measured (heavy line) and the light intensity autocorrelator trace (trigpoint line) and the time phase curve that obtain with the reconstruct of FF-SPIDER method.From Fig. 3 (A) as seen the measured spectrum phase curve of these two kinds of methods illustrate that at the major part basically identical of the frequency spectrum of pulse pulse to be measured has positive chirping characteristics.Pulsed light intensity autocorrelator trace to be measured (trigpoint line) ratio by the reconstruct of FF-SPIDER method shown in Fig. 3 (B) is changed the wide of the limit, but, the validity of FF-SPIDER method is described with light intensity autocorrelator trace (heavy line among the figure) fine the meeting of actual measurement.It has also illustrated the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) phenomenon of light pulse, can be by the GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion) compensation pulse compression.Therefore, the accurate mensuration of ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase all has very significance to compression, integer, optical communication, optical information processing, optical holography, phase measurement and the control etc. of light pulse.
Above-mentioned effect of the present invention realizes by following measurement scheme and device:
Accompanying drawing 5 is a FF-SPIDER method measurement mechanism synoptic diagram.The pulse P1 to be measured that is produced by femto-second laser is divided into reflected light and transmitted light two parts through beam splitter BS, the pulse P2 to be measured of reflection successively passes through periscope PR, mirror M 1, M2, M3 and concave mirror CM enters and the frequency crystal, wherein M1, M2 form roof mirror, and accurately control its optical path delay amount by computing machine; Pass through the glass column of the high chromatic dispersion of an about cms long tool as the pulse to be measured of stretcher broadening through the transmitted pulse P3 of beam splitter, the two-beam that spatially is divided into equivalence again through an Amici prism, the facetted mirrors M4 of the free delay feature of apparatus and M5 press former road reflected back to this two-beam then, after mirror M 6 reflections, focus on by concave mirror CM and two of generations of crystal (the II class is mated BBO, thickness 100 μ m) and flashlight frequently frequently again with pulsed light P2 to be measured.These two and frequently signal reach importing digital formula spectrometer simultaneously more respectively, to produce power spectrum separately
And the relevant frequency spectrum D (ω of no interference fringe
c).The pulse spectrum phase place of measuring to be measured can be counted through above-mentioned relation formula (2) and (3) by the frequency spectrum data of gained.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of new method of measuring ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase, it is characterized in that between two the accurate monochromatic one-tenth beam split that generates by pulse chirp broadening to be measured, introducing the time delay-τ of a band polarity with difference on the frequency Ω, compensate the additional period retardation+τ that introduces because of pulse stretcher between the beam split of two accurate monochromatic one-tenth, make itself and impulsive synchronization to be measured, and pass through together and two of crystal generations frequently and frequency light, again through the spectrometer acquisition power spectrum separately and the relevant frequency spectrum of no interference fringe; Calculate described two and the phase differential of light frequently by these three frequency spectrums by formula, adopt the cascade method to try to achieve the spectrum phase curve of pulse to be measured then.
2, ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that calculating described two and frequently the formula of the phase differential of light be:
3, ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this method taken into account the positive negativity of time delay τ between two quasi-monochromatic lights, τ is the time shearing displacement: if low than low frequency quasi-monochromatic light of the group velocity of high frequency quasi-monochromatic light, then time delay difference between them or phase differential be for just, otherwise for negative.
4, ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that having two kinds of schemes can introduce the time delay of band polarity between two quasi-monochromatic lights: the first is regulated pulse delay amount to be measured earlier, and making itself and frequency is ω
0Quasi-monochromatic light synchronous, ω
0Be the centre frequency of pulse to be measured, regulating frequency is (ω again
0Additional delay amount between-Ω) two quasi-monochromatic lights of quasi-monochromatic light amount of delay compensation; It two is the pulse delay amounts to be measured of regulating earlier, and making itself and frequency is (ω
0-Ω) quasi-monochromatic light is synchronous, and regulating frequency is ω again
0The relative phase difference of two quasi-monochromatic lights of quasi-monochromatic light amount of delay compensation.
5, ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this method is not subjected to the restriction of time shearing displacement τ to the selection of frequency shearing displacement Ω, can select enough little Ω according to the highest resolution of institute's use spectrometer.
6, a kind of device of implementing the described ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method of claim 1, the light path that it is characterized in that this device is as follows: the pulse P1 to be measured that is produced by femto-second laser is divided into reflected light and transmitted light two parts through beam splitter BS, the pulse P2 to be measured of reflection successively passes through periscope PR, mirror M 1, M2, M3 and concave mirror CM enters and the frequency crystal, wherein M1, M2 form roof mirror, and accurately control its optical path delay amount by computing machine; Pulse to be measured is pressed former road reflected back through the transmission part P3 of beam splitter by the device of two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase error functions of compensation, after mirror M 6 reflects, focus on and two of frequency crystal generations and frequency flashlight by concave mirror CM again, and reach while importing digital formula spectrometer to these two respectively with the frequency signal with pulsed light P2 to be measured.
7, the device of ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 6, the device that it is characterized in that two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase errors of described compensation function are pulses to be measured after the transmission part P3 of beam splitter is by the pulse stretcher broadening of being made up of grating pair G1, G2 by mirror M 4 with accurate optical path delay and M5 is frequency ω
0High frequency quasi-monochromatic light P4 and frequency be (ω
0-low frequency quasi-monochromatic light P5 Ω) is respectively by former road reflected back.
8, the device of ultra-short optical pulse spectrum phase new measurement method according to claim 6, the device that it is characterized in that two quasi-monochromatic light additional phase errors of described compensation function is to adopt the glass column of the high chromatic dispersion of an about cms long tool as the pulse to be measured of stretcher broadening, the two-beam that spatially is divided into equivalence again through an Amici prism, then the facetted mirrors M4 of the free delay feature of apparatus and M5 this two-beam is produced with pulse to be measured by former road reflected back and pulse frequently right.
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