CN101289627B - 一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法 - Google Patents

一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法 Download PDF

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CN101289627B
CN101289627B CN2008100500331A CN200810050033A CN101289627B CN 101289627 B CN101289627 B CN 101289627B CN 2008100500331 A CN2008100500331 A CN 2008100500331A CN 200810050033 A CN200810050033 A CN 200810050033A CN 101289627 B CN101289627 B CN 101289627B
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acid
acid value
lowering agent
deacidification
fatty acid
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CN101289627A (zh
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刘祖祥
李廷先
迟红兵
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HENAN ASIA PACIFIC ENERGY CO., LTD.
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HENAN XINGHUO BIOLOGICAL ENERGY CO Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P30/00Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
    • Y02P30/20Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock

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Abstract

一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法,其特征在于:将粗脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯进行精馏,在精馏后加入占精脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯总重量0.02~4%的降酸剂,在搅拌反应釜内逐渐升温至60~80℃下,搅拌反应0.2~0.5小时放入沉降罐内,沉降2小时放出下层降酸剂,上层测定酸值,合格后放到成品罐;降酸剂可以重复使用。本发明的方法简单,不需要复杂的设备,生产成本低,降酸效果好,生产的柴油符合国家标准;分离出的降酸剂可以重复使用,降酸剂多次使用后其产物是环烷酸酰胺,它是一种化工原料,可增加生物柴油企业的经济效益。经试验,并采用标准方法测定脱酸前后生物柴油的酸值,证明使用本发明方法脱酸后生物柴油酸值可以降低90%以上。

Description

一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法
一、技术领域
本发明涉及一种降低生物柴油中酸值的方法。
二、背景技术
随着矿物柴油贮存量的逐年减少,各国均在寻找可再生的生物能源,由于脂肪酸甲酯在燃烧性能、特性等方面与矿物柴油最为接近,因此,欧美等发达国家均开发以植物油为原料生产生物柴油。
我国也有人在这方面开展工作,如中国专利申请92114795.3,用天然油脂通过碱做催化剂生产生物柴油,酸值能达标,但因原料价格高而无法生产使用;中国专利申请CN 1473907A,用废料中回收高酸值脂肪酸生产生物柴油,酸值也只能达到4.5mgKOH/g,达不到国家BD100标准;中国专利申请CN 1031070C,采用酸为催化剂进行预酯化,反应完成后,再加入醇和过量碱中和酸性催化剂和残留游离脂肪酸,剩余碱作为酯交换反应的生产工艺,但是,采用上述两步法反应催化剂用量会增加,加工时间增加一倍,设备投资大,能耗大幅上升,另外,需把碱性催化剂从产物中除去,有大量含碱废水产生,污染环境,回收甘油困难,生产成本太高。
三、发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种通过加入降酸剂来降低生物柴油酸值的方法,使生产出的生物柴油符合国家标准,从而解决高酸值生物柴油在发动机中对机体的腐蚀问题。
解决本发明问题所采取的技术方案是:将酸值为1-5mgKOH/g的粗脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯进行精馏,在精馏后加入占精脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯总重量0.02~4%的降酸剂,在搅拌反应釜内逐渐升温至60~80℃下,搅拌反应0.2~0.5小时放入沉降罐内,沉降2小时分离放出下层降酸剂,上层测定酸值,合格后放到成品罐;所述的降酸剂为乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺,优选三乙醇胺;分离出的降酸剂可以重复使用。
本发明的积极效果是:方法简单,不需要复杂的设备,生产成本低;降酸效果好,使用本发明方法脱酸后生物柴油酸值可以降低90%以上,生产的柴油符合国家标准;分离出的降酸剂可以重复使用,降酸剂多次使用后其产物是环烷酸酰胺,它是一种化工原料,可增加生物柴油企业的经济效益。
四、具体实施方式
实施例一:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为三乙醇胺,将0.056Kg,降酸剂分三次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样,测反应后生物柴油酸值为0.176mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为91.6%。
实施例二:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为实施例一中的沉降物,一次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样,测反应后生物柴油酸值为0.52mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为75.2%。
实施例三:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为乙醇胺,将0.056Kg降酸剂,分三次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样测反应后,生物柴油酸值为0.29mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为86.2%。
实施例四:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为实施例三沉降物,一次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样测反应后生物柴油酸值为0.77mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为63.4%。
实施例五:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为二乙醇胺,将0.056Kg降酸剂分三次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样测反应后,生物柴油酸值为0.21mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为90%。
实施例六:
在5L搅拌反应容器中,加入生物柴油2Kg,其酸值为2.1mgKOH/g,降酸剂为实施例五沉降物,一次加入,搅拌速率为300rpm,加热升温至75℃,反应0.5小时,冷却降温后取样测反应后生物柴油酸值为0.62mgKOH/g,酸脱出率为70.5%。
使用本发明方法,可使生物柴油中的游离脂肪酸和酸催化产生的环烷酸与降酸剂发生化学反应,生成的环烷酸酰胺无毒无害,所以生物柴油中小量残余的降酸剂无需从生物柴油中完全脱除,存在生物柴油中,不影响生物柴油性质,还具有一定的缓蚀作用。降酸剂多次使用后其产物是环烷酸酰胺,它是一种化工原料,可增加生物柴油企业的经济效益。
经多次试验,采用标准方法测定脱酸前后生物柴油的酸值,证明使用本发明方法脱酸后生物柴油酸值可以降低90%以上。

Claims (1)

1.一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法,其特征是:将酸值为1-5mgKOH/g的粗脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯进行精馏,在精馏后加入占精脂肪酸甲酯或脂肪酸乙酯总重量0.02~4%的降酸剂,在搅拌反应釜内逐渐升温至60~80℃下,搅拌反应0.2~0.5小时放入沉降罐内,沉降2小时分离放出下层降酸剂,上层测定酸值,合格后放到成品罐;所述的降酸剂为三乙醇胺;沉降物中含有降酸剂,可以重复使用。
CN2008100500331A 2008-06-10 2008-06-10 一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN101289627B (zh)

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CN101760225B (zh) * 2008-12-25 2013-09-04 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种降低生物柴油酸值的方法
CN103013676B (zh) * 2011-09-20 2014-12-03 中国石油化工股份有限公司 降低生物柴油粗产品酸值的方法以及生物柴油的制备方法
CN102533443B (zh) * 2011-12-30 2013-12-04 代洪达 一种将裂解生物柴油精制成内燃机燃油的方法
CN102682869B (zh) * 2012-04-11 2015-01-07 中国电力科学研究院 一种植物绝缘油的制备方法
CN103421548A (zh) * 2012-05-14 2013-12-04 陕西德融新能源股份有限公司 一种非精炼油脂生产生物柴油的制备工艺
CN110628612A (zh) * 2019-10-18 2019-12-31 湖州联创环保科技有限公司 一种阶梯逆流式连续酶促法制备生物柴油的工艺***

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CN1861749A (zh) * 2005-05-12 2006-11-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种生物柴油的生产方法
CN1904013A (zh) * 2005-07-26 2007-01-31 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种降低油脂酸值的方法

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WO2006111997A1 (en) * 2005-04-21 2006-10-26 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche - Istituto Di Scienze E Tecnologie Molecolari A method for the production of biodiesel, starting from high iodine number fatty substances
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