Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of copper cladding tungsten composite powder can coat one deck copper film at tungsten powder surface, widens the scope of application of tungsten powder.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is, a kind of preparation method of copper cladding tungsten composite powder carries out according to the following steps:
Step 1: according to the weight of tungsten in the copper cladding tungsten composite powder of required preparation, get the tungsten powder that particle diameter is 1 μ m~1mm, get concentration and be 37%~40% formalin and add in this tungsten powder, obtain moistening tungsten powder, the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.7ml/g~0.8ml/g;
Step 2:, get the cupric sulfate pentahydrate of 5.47 times of weight of weight of copper according to the weight of copper in the copper cladding tungsten composite powder of required preparation;
Step 3: in the cupric sulfate pentahydrate that step 2 is got, add distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L, then, slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in this copper-bath, the concentration of control disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in solution is 27.3g/L, adds tartaric acid first sodium again, the concentration of control tartaric acid first sodium in solution is 13.6g/L, stir when adding these two kinds of solution, evenly mix, obtain mixed solution;
Step 4: the moistening tungsten powder that step 1 is obtained mixes with the mixed solution that step 3 obtains, and obtains muddy liquid;
Step 5: feeding flow in the muddy liquid that step 4 obtains is 0.6L/min~1.0L/min compressed air, and strong agitation, simultaneously, dropping concentration is 10% NaOH solution in this muddiness liquid, and the pH value of controlling muddy liquid is 11~13, and to this muddy liquid heating, blueness to muddy liquid disappears, tungsten powder becomes aubergine, at this moment, stops heating and stirring;
Step 6: the muddy liquid that will go up after the step handles left standstill 15 minutes~20 minutes, powder separation with supernatant liquor and precipitation, in this powder, add 36%~38% hydrochloric acid, the volume ratio of hydrochloric acid and powder is 1: 1, leave standstill then, to isolate the powder of clear liquid and precipitation in hydrochloric acid and the powder body again, clean the powder and the filtration of above-mentioned salt acid treatment with distilled water;
Step 7: the adding temperature is 45 ℃~55 ℃ a benzotriazole ethanolic solution in the powder after step 6 cleaning, stirs and soaks 5min~8min, and the passivation powder is used the cleaning of distilled water and absolute ethyl alcohol, filtration respectively with this powder again;
Step 8: the powder with after step 7 processing, place air to dry in the shade, putting into temperature then is 300 ℃~320 ℃, and hydrogen flowing quantity is in the hydrogen reducing furnace of 2.0L/min~2.5L/min, and reductase 12 h~4h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows the uniformity of further improvement tungsten-copper composite powder and the combination property of material, solve the poly-partially problem of copper phase in the composite granule sinter molding process, make the copper phase network-like equably be distributed in tungsten basal body around.And then obtain a kind of have high density, high heat conduction, high conduction and low-expansion composite, and prepare the copper cladding tungsten powder with the inventive method, have characteristics such as energy consumption is little, with short production cycle, purity height.
The specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with the specific embodiment.
Preparation method of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: according to the weight of the tungsten-copper composite powder that needs preparation, and the percentage by weight (CuxWy, wherein x+y=100%) of tungsten and copper in this composite granule, calculate the weight of required tungsten and copper, then by following chemical molecular formula CuSO
45H
2O-Cu according to the ratio of copper atom amount in the anhydrous cupric sulfate atomic weight and the weight of the above-mentioned copper that obtains, calculates required cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO
45H
2O) weight, in the actual mechanical process, copper generation loss for this reason, is got correction factor k
1=1.3~1.5, the gravimetric value of cupric sulfate pentahydrate to be revised, the weight of promptly required cupric sulfate pentahydrate is 5.47x;
Step 2: the weight of 1 tungsten powder that calculates set by step, get the tungsten powder that particle diameter is 1 μ m~1mm, then, get concentration and be 37%~40% formalin, pour tungsten powder into, make tungsten powder moistening, control formalin is 0.7ml/g~0.8ml/g with the volume mass ratio of tungsten powder;
Step 3: the weight of 1 cupric sulfate pentahydrate that obtains set by step, get cupric sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO
45H
2O), add distilled water, obtain copper-bath, the concentration of controlling copper sulphate in this solution is 12.8g/L, slowly adds disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate then in this copper-bath respectively, the concentration of control disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in solution is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium, the concentration in the solution of control tartaric acid first sodium is 13.6g/L, stirs when slowly adding above-mentioned two kinds of solution, mix, obtain mixed solution;
Step 4: the moistening tungsten powder that step 2 is obtained mixes with the mixed solution that step 3 obtains, and obtains muddy liquid;
Step 5: compressed air is fed in the muddy liquid that upward step makes, the control air mass flow is 0.6L/min~1.0L/min, simultaneously, with agitator this muddiness liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, and to drip concentration in this muddiness liquid be 10% NaOH solution, and the pH value of controlling muddy liquid is 11~13, meanwhile, this muddy liquid is heated, blueness to muddy liquid disappears, and the tungsten powder of grey black becomes aubergine, promptly stops heating, stirs, leads to compressed air and drips NaOH solution;
Step 6: will go up and go on foot the muddy liquid of finishing chemical reaction, left standstill 15 minutes~20 minutes, outwell supernatant liquor, concentration 36%~38% hydrochloric acid added in the powder precipitate in 1: 1 by volume then, staticly settle again, and outwell the unnecessary liquid on upper strata, afterwards, distilled water is added in salt acid treatment and the powder that precipitates, the amount that adds distilled water there was not powder just, clean then, filter, clean repeatedly 2~3 times;
Step 7: with temperature is that 45 ℃~55 ℃ benzotriazole ethanolic solution add to be gone up in the powder that the step obtains, liquor capacity did not have this powder just, stir and soak 5min~8min, make it passivation, clean 4~6 times with distilled water then, clean 2~3 times and filter with absolute ethyl alcohol again, each liquid volume that adds of cleaning there was not powder just;
Step 8: will go up the powder of step after the Passivation Treatment, place air to dry in the shade, then this powder is put into temperature and be 300 ℃~320 ℃ hydrogen reducing furnace, feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2.0L/min~2.5L/min, reductase 12 h~4h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Embodiment 1
Need produce the 100g tungsten-copper composite powder, by weight percentage, each constituent content is a tungsten 85%, copper 15%.
Getting 85 gram particles is the tungsten powder of 10 μ m directly, gets concentration and is 37% formalin and add in the tungsten powder, and the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.7ml/g, moistening tungsten powder.Calculate according to ratio and correction factor, get cupric sulfate pentahydrate 82.0g, add distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L.Slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 111.9g in this copper-bath respectively, the concentration of control disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in solution is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium 55.8g, the concentration of control tartaric acid first sodium in solution is 13.6g/L, stir simultaneously, mix, form mixed liquor.This mixed liquor is added moistening tungsten powder, form muddy liquid.Feed compressed air in this muddiness liquid, the control air mass flow is 0.6L/min; Utilize electric mixer, this muddy liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, form suspension, simultaneously this suspension is heated, and drip 10% NaOH solution in suspension, the pH value of this suspension is 11 in the control course of reaction.Suspension temperature to 60 ℃, the copper facing reaction is carried out fast, and plating bath is blue to disappear, and tungsten powder becomes aubergine, and the copper facing reaction is finished, and stops heating this moment, stirs and feed compressed air.The suspension of chemical reaction will be finished, left standstill 15 minutes, and removed supernatant liquor, by 1: 1 volume ratio, with concentration is that 36% hydrochloric acid solution adds in the sediment that stays, the unnecessary alkali lye that neutralizes leaves standstill, precipitates and outwell redundant solution again, and distilled water is added sediment, this sediment is cleaned, amount of water did not have composite powder just, filtered then, cleaned repeatedly 3 times.The benzotriazole ethanolic solution adding that with temperature is 45 ℃ is then cleaned in the sediment that finishes, and stirs and soaks 5min, makes it passivation.Clean 6 times with distilled water afterwards, absolute ethyl alcohol cleans 3 times and filters, and adds liquid volume at every turn and does not have powder just.Sediment after the above-mentioned cleaning is dried in the shade in air, and to place temperature be in 300 ℃ of reduction furnaces that feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2L/min, reductase 12 h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Embodiment 2
Need produce the 200g tungsten-copper composite powder, by mass percentage, each constituent content is a tungsten 80%, copper 20%.
Getting 160 gram particles is the tungsten powder of 6 μ m directly, gets concentration and is 38% formalin and add in the tungsten powder, and the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.73ml/g, moistening tungsten powder.Calculate according to ratio and correction factor, get cupric sulfate pentahydrate 218.8g, add 11.0L distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L.Slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 300.3g in this copper-bath respectively, the concentration of control disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in solution is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium 149.6g, the concentration of control tartaric acid first sodium in solution is 13.6g/L, stir simultaneously, mix, form mixed liquor.This mixed liquor is added moistening tungsten powder, form muddy liquid.Feed compressed air in this muddiness liquid, the control air mass flow is 0.7L/min; Utilize electric mixer, this muddy liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, form suspension, simultaneously this suspension is heated, and drip 10% NaOH solution in suspension, the pH value of this suspension is 11.5 in the control course of reaction.Suspension temperature to 60 ℃, the copper facing reaction is carried out fast, and plating bath is blue to disappear, and tungsten powder becomes aubergine, and the copper facing reaction is finished, and stops heating this moment, stirs and feed compressed air.The suspension of chemical reaction will be finished, left standstill 16 minutes, and removed supernatant liquor, by 1: 1 volume ratio, with concentration is that 36.5% hydrochloric acid solution adds in the sediment that stays, the unnecessary alkali lye that neutralizes leaves standstill, precipitates and outwell redundant solution again, and distilled water is added sediment, this sediment is cleaned, amount of water did not have composite powder just, filtered then, cleaned repeatedly 3 times.The benzotriazole ethanolic solution that with temperature is 47 ℃ then adds in this sediment, stirs and soaks 6min, makes it passivation.Again the sediment after the passivation is cleaned 6 times, 3 times also filtrations of absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning with distilled water afterwards, add liquid volume at every turn and do not have powder just.Sediment after the above-mentioned cleaning is dried in the shade in air, and to place temperature be in 305 ℃ of reduction furnaces that feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2.2L/min, reductase 12 .5h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Embodiment 3
Need produce the 500g tungsten-copper composite powder, by mass percentage, each constituent content is a tungsten 90%, copper 10%.
Getting 450 gram particles is the tungsten powder of 4 μ m directly, gets concentration and is 39% formalin and add in the tungsten powder, and the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.75ml/g, moistening tungsten powder.Calculate according to ratio and correction factor, get cupric sulfate pentahydrate 273.5g, add 13.7L distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L.Slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 374.0g in this copper-bath respectively, the concentration of control disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate in solution is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium 186.3g, the concentration of control tartaric acid first sodium in solution is 13.6g/L, stir simultaneously, mix, form mixed liquor.This mixed liquor is added moistening tungsten powder, form muddy liquid.Feed compressed air in this muddiness liquid, the control air mass flow is 0.8L/min.Utilize electric mixer, this muddy liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, form suspension, simultaneously this suspension is heated, and drip 10% NaOH solution in suspension, the pH value of this suspension is 12 in the control course of reaction.Suspension temperature to 60 ℃, the copper facing reaction is carried out fast, and plating bath is blue to disappear, and tungsten powder becomes aubergine, and the copper facing reaction is finished, and stops heating this moment, stirs and feed compressed air.The suspension of chemical reaction will be finished, left standstill 18 minutes, and removed supernatant liquor, by 1: 1 volume ratio, with concentration is that 37% hydrochloric acid solution adds in the sediment that stays, the unnecessary alkali lye that neutralizes leaves standstill, precipitates and outwell redundant solution again, and distilled water is added sediment, this sediment is cleaned, amount of water did not have composite powder just, filtered then, cleaned repeatedly 3 times.The benzotriazole ethanolic solution that with temperature is 48 ℃ then adds in this sediment, stirs and soaks 7min, makes it passivation.Again the sediment after the passivation is cleaned 6 times, 3 times also filtrations of absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning with distilled water afterwards, add liquid volume at every turn and do not have powder just.Sediment after the above-mentioned cleaning is dried in the shade in air, and to place temperature be in 310 ℃ of reduction furnaces that feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2.3L/min, reduction 3h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Embodiment 4
Need produce the 1000g tungsten-copper composite powder, by mass percentage, each constituent content is respectively tungsten 70%, copper 30%.
Getting 700 gram particles is the tungsten powder of 15 μ m directly, gets concentration and is 40% formalin and add in the tungsten powder, and the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.78ml/g, moistening tungsten powder.Calculate according to ratio and correction factor, get cupric sulfate pentahydrate 1641.0g, add 82.0L distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L.Slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 2238.6g in this copper-bath respectively, control concentration is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium 1115.2g, and control concentration is 13.6g/L, stirs simultaneously, mixes, and forms mixed liquor.This mixed liquor is added moistening tungsten powder, form muddy liquid.Feed compressed air in this muddiness liquid, the control air mass flow is 0.9L/min.Utilize electric mixer, this muddy liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, form suspension, simultaneously this suspension is heated, and drip 10% NaOH solution in suspension, the pH value of this suspension is 12.5 in the control course of reaction.Suspension temperature to 60 ℃, the copper facing reaction is carried out fast, and plating bath is blue to disappear, and tungsten powder becomes aubergine, and the copper facing reaction is finished, and stops heating this moment, stirs and feed compressed air.The suspension of chemical reaction will be finished, left standstill 19 minutes, and removed supernatant liquor, by 1: 1 volume ratio, with concentration is that 38% hydrochloric acid solution adds in the sediment that stays, the unnecessary alkali lye that neutralizes leaves standstill, precipitates and outwell redundant solution again, and distilled water is added sediment, this sediment is cleaned, amount of water did not have composite powder just, filtered then, cleaned repeatedly 3 times.The benzotriazole ethanolic solution that with temperature is 49 ℃ then adds in this sediment, stirs and soaks 8min, makes it passivation.Again the sediment after the passivation is cleaned 6 times, 3 times also filtrations of absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning with distilled water afterwards, add liquid volume at every turn and do not have powder just.Sediment after the above-mentioned cleaning is dried in the shade in air, and to place temperature be in 315 ℃ of reduction furnaces that feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2.4L/min, reduction 3.5h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Embodiment 5
Need produce the 1000g tungsten-copper composite powder, by mass percentage, each constituent content is respectively tungsten 50%, copper 50%.
Getting 500 gram particles is the tungsten powder of 20 μ m directly, gets concentration and is 40% formalin and add in the tungsten powder, and the volume mass of control formalin and tungsten powder is than being 0.8ml/g, moistening tungsten powder.Calculate according to ratio and correction factor, get anhydrous cupric sulfate 2735.0g, add 137.0L distilled water, be made into the copper-bath that concentration is 12.8g/L.Slowly add disodium ethylene diamine tetraacetate 3740.0g in this copper-bath respectively, control concentration is 27.3g/L, tartaric acid first sodium 1863.0g, and control concentration is 13.6g/L, stirs simultaneously, mixes, and forms mixed liquor.This mixed liquor is added moistening tungsten powder, form muddy liquid.Feed compressed air in this muddiness liquid, the control air mass flow is 1.0L/min.Utilize electric mixer, this muddy liquid is carried out strong agitation, tungsten powder is suspended, form suspension, simultaneously this suspension is heated, and drip 10% NaOH solution in suspension, the pH value of this suspension is 13 in the control course of reaction.Suspension temperature to 60 ℃, the copper facing reaction is carried out fast, and plating bath is blue to disappear, and tungsten powder becomes aubergine, and the copper facing reaction is finished, and stops heating this moment, stirs and feed compressed air.The suspension of chemical reaction will be finished, left standstill 20 minutes, and removed supernatant liquor, by 1: 1 volume ratio, with concentration is that 38% hydrochloric acid solution adds in the sediment that stays, the unnecessary alkali lye that neutralizes leaves standstill, precipitates and outwell redundant solution again, and distilled water is added sediment, this sediment is cleaned, amount of water did not have composite powder just, filtered then, cleaned repeatedly 3 times.The benzotriazole ethanolic solution that with temperature is 55 ℃ then adds in this sediment, stirs and soaks 8min, makes it passivation.Again the sediment after the passivation is cleaned 6 times, three times also filtrations of absolute ethyl alcohol cleaning with distilled water afterwards, add liquid volume at every turn and do not have powder just.Sediment after the above-mentioned cleaning is dried in the shade in air, and to place temperature be in 320 ℃ of reduction furnaces that feeding flow is the hydrogen of 2.5L/min, reduction 4h promptly makes copper cladding tungsten composite powder.
Following table is that the copper cladding tungsten composite powder of employing the inventive method preparation and the copper tungsten composite powder of prior art for preparing are raw material, and the physical property of Zhi Bei alloy compares (composition respectively; Cu20W80).
Table
Last table shows that the copper tungsten composite powder that physical properties such as the thermal conductivity of the alloy that the copper cladding tungsten composite powder that adopts the inventive method to make prepares, hardness obviously are better than making with prior art is the alloy of feedstock production.