CN101287416B - 带横向和纵向振动的超声外科手术刀 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种超声外科手术刀,包括超声外科手术刀主体,该超声外科手术刀主体具有纵向轴线、远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、从远尖端向着最远侧纵向振动节点延伸的治疗部分以及功能性不对称部分。所述功能性不对称部分是相对于纵向轴线的不对称部分,并且被选择和设置成将近端的纵向超声振动运动转换成至少在超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的某些部分中的纵向超声振动和横向超声振动的组合。远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。超声外科手术刀的替代实施方式包括至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分。
Description
相关申请的参考
本申请要求2004年2月27日提交的序列号为No.60/548,337的美国临时专利申请的优先权,其内容结合到本申请中作为参考。
技术领域
本发明总的涉及超声外科器械,更具体地,涉及一种超声外科手术刀。
背景技术
超声外科器械是已知的,其包括超声外科手术刀。已知的超声外科器械的手持件包括由超声发生器经电缆提供动力的超声换能器。所述器械的超声传送杆具有第一端部和第二端部。超声传送杆的第一端部与超声换能器可操作地连接。超声传送杆的第二端部与超声外科手术刀连接,或者是超声外科手术刀的一体的近侧延伸部。超声外科手术刀由为刀提供纵向超声振动的超声传送杆致动。已知的刀的形状包括直形刀和弯形刀,还包括相对于刀的纵向轴线或者弧形中心线的对称刀和不对称刀。已知的刀设计成沿着刀提供基本上单纯的纵向超声振动。在序列号为5,322,055和6,325,811的美国专利中描述了示例性装置,该文献的内容结合到本申请中作为参考。
已知的超声外科手术刀是柱状刀,具有远尖端、最远侧振动节点(振动节点是位移大致为零的点)和第二最远侧振动波腹(振动波腹是相对于半波中的其它所有点为最大位移的点),其中最远侧振动波腹是远尖端。所述刀的纵向超声振动在接触的组织中产生运动和热量,其中热量主要为刀提供了切割和/或凝结患者组织的手段。
常规超声外科手术刀的纵向超声振动在最远侧振动节点处的振幅为零,并沿着余弦曲线增加,在刀的远尖端达到最大。通常,进行有效切割所需要的振幅至少是最大振幅的50%,刀上从远尖端到所述50%的点的距离可被认为是刀的有效切割长度。超过其有效切割长度,则不认为刀是有用的。对谐振频率大约为55.5kHz、振幅至少为55微米的直刃圆柱形钛杆而言,有效切割长度大约为13mm。
科学家和工程师们仍在继续探寻改进的超声外科手术刀。
发明内容
本发明的超声外科手术刀的第一种实施方式包括超声外科手术刀主体。所述超声外科手术刀主体具有纵向轴线、远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、从远尖端向着最远侧纵向振动节点延伸的治疗部分以及功能性不对称部分。该功能性不对称部分是相对于纵向轴线的不对称部分,并至少在超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的某些部分中将近端的纵向超声振动运动转换成纵向超声振动和横向超声振动的组合。远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅大体上低于超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
本发明的超声外科手术刀的第二种实施方式的第一种表现方式包括超声外科手术刀主体。该超声外科手术刀主体具有远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端,最远端纵向振动节点、第二最远侧纵向振动节点、从所述远尖端向着第二最远侧纵向振动节点延伸的治疗部分、至少一个功能性不对称部分,以及至少一个平衡不对称部分。所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分产生了平衡点。近端的纵向超声振动运动产生了超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动为在靠***衡点处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点且位于至少某些治疗部分中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合。在远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
本发明的超声外科手术刀的第二种实施方式的第二种表现方式包括超声外科手术刀主体。该超声外科手术刀主体具有远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、第二最远侧纵向振动节点、从远尖端向着最远侧振动节点延伸的治疗部分、至少一个功能性不对称部分以及至少一个平衡不对称部分。所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分产生平衡点。所述平衡点设置于最远侧纵向振动节点和第二最远侧纵向振动节点之间。近端的纵向超声振动运动产生了超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动为在靠***衡点处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点且位于超声外科手术刀主体的至少某些治疗部分中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合。
可从本发明的一种或多种实施方式和表现方式获得多种好处和优点。申请人确定,是超声外科手术刀的超声振动的振幅而不是其方向在很大程度上决定了刀在患者组织上的作用。申请人认识到,刀的治疗部分的横向超声振动是有益的,这与教导的刀的治疗部分中横向振动基本上为零的传统刀设计相反。申请人发现,在一个实施例中,将超声外科手术刀主体设计成在超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的至少一些部分中提供横向和纵向超声振动的组合,与传统设计的为治疗部分提供大体上仅仅具有纵向超声振动的可比的刀相比,这样产生的总超声振动的振幅比传统刀所得到的振幅更大,并且在刀的从远尖端到最远侧纵向振动节点的更长距离上更为恒定。而且,超声外科手术刀可具有特定的组织作用,通过设计特定的总(纵向和横向)超声振动振幅-(到最远侧纵向振动节点的)距离曲线,提供了特定的外科应用的优点,这一点对本领域技术人员而言是可以理解的。
本发明没有局限性,还可用于机器人辅助外科手术方面。
附图说明
图1是本发明的超声外科手术刀的第一种实施方式的示意性侧视图;和
图2是本发明的超声外科手术刀的第二种实施方式的示意性侧视图。
具体实施方式
在详细解释本发明之前,应注意,本发明不将其应用或使用限制为在附图和说明书中描述的部件的构造和设置的细节。本发明的示例性实施方式可在其它实施方式、改变和变化中执行或包含于其中,并可以各种方式实践或实施。此外,除非另外指明,为方便读者,这里采用的术语和表述是为描述本发明的示例性实施方式的目的而选,而不是出于限制本发明的目的。
应理解,下面描述的实施方式、表述、例子等的任何一个或多个可与下面描述的其它实施方式、表述、例子等的任何一个或多个结合。
现参见附图,图1示出了本发明的超声外科手术刀10的第一种实施方式。超声外科手术刀10包括超声外科手术刀主体12。超声外科手术刀主体12具有纵向轴线14、远尖端16、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端18、最远侧纵向振动节点20、从远尖端16向着最远侧振动节点20延伸的治疗部分22和功能性不对称部分24,该功能性不对称部分相对于纵向轴线14不对称,并在超声外科手术刀主体12的至少一部分治疗部分22中将近端18的纵向超声振动运动转换成纵向超声振动和横向超声振动的组合,其中在远尖端16处的横向超声振动基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体12的治疗部分22横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
为了描述本发明,刀的治疗部分是从远尖端16向最远侧纵向振动节点20延伸的刀部分,并具有位于远尖端16和最远侧纵向振动节点20之间并包括远尖端16和最远侧纵向振动节点20的最大向量和振幅(maximum vector sum amplitude)的至少50%的纵向和横向振动的振幅的向量和振幅。
在序列号为No.6,328,751的美国专利中描述了功能性不对称部分,该文献的内容结合入本申请中作为参考。在图1的实施方式的一个例子中,超声外科手术刀主体12在最远侧纵向振动节点20的远侧具有弯曲形状,并且该弯曲形状形成了超声外科手术刀主体12的功能性不对称部分24。在一种变型中,超声外科手术刀主体12具有凹形顶面26和凸形底面28。在同一个或其它例子中,超声外科手术刀主体12具有至少两个功能性不对称部分。
在图1的实施方式的一种实现方式中,功能性不对称部分24被选择并设置为使远尖端16处的横向超声振动的振幅大致为零。在相同或不同的实现方式中,功能性不对称部分24被选择并设置成使远尖端16和到最远侧纵向振动节点20的一半路径之间的纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅与在远尖端16处的纵向超声振动的振幅基本上相等。在相同或不同实现方式中,功能性不对称部分24被选择并设置为使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于最远侧纵向振动节点20和远尖端16之间的至少一半距离上的特定值的正负25%之内。在一种变型中,功能性不对称部分24被选择和设置为使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于最远侧纵向振动节点20和远尖端16之间的至少一半距离上的特定值的正负10%之内。在相同或不同实现方式中,功能性不对称部分24被选择和设置为,与超声外科手术刀主体12不具有功能性不对称部分24的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点20和远尖端16之间更远的距离上的预定值。在相同或不同实现方式中,功能性不对称部分24被选择和设置为,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅与向量和振幅-在最远侧纵向振动节点20和远尖端16之间的距离的预定曲线基本上匹配。选择和设置功能性不对称部分来实现上述结果在本领域技术人员的知识水平之内。
在图1的实施方式的一种构造中,超声外科手术刀主体12基本上由钛构成。在其它构造中,刀主体基本上由铝、陶瓷、蓝宝石或者任何以有效方式传送超声波的其它材料构成。在一种应用中,超声传送杆是超声外科手术刀主体12的近端18的一体近侧延伸部分(未显示),并通过由超声发生器经电缆提供动力的超声换能器纵向超声振动。
在图1的实施方式的一种执行方式中,超声外科手术刀主体12的治疗部分22的横向超声振动的最大振幅基本上大于治疗部分22的纵向超声振动的最大振幅的50%。在一种变型中,治疗部分22的横向超声振动的最大振幅基本上大于治疗部分22的纵向超声振动的最大振幅的90%。在相同或不同执行方式中,在刀主体12的治疗部分22中的点具有比纵向超声振动的振幅大的横向超声振动的振幅。
图2示出了本发明的第二种实施方式。图2的实施方式的第一种表现方式是超声外科手术刀30具有超声外科手术刀主体32。超声外科手术刀主体32具有远尖端34、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端36、最远侧纵向振动节点38、第二最远侧纵向振动节点40、从远尖端34向着第二最远侧纵向振动节点40延伸的治疗部分42、至少一个功能性不对称部分44以及至少一个平衡不对称部分46。所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46产生了平衡点48。近端36的纵向超声振动运动产生了超声外科手术刀主体32的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体32的超声振动为在靠***衡点48处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点48且位于至少某些治疗部分42中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合。远尖端34处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体32的治疗部分42的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
在前面结合入本申请中作为参考的序列号为No.6,328,751的美国专利中同样描述了平衡不对称部分。在图2的实施方式的第一种表现方式的一个例子中,所述至少一个平衡不对称部分46包括切口部分。在相同或不同的例子中,平衡点48设置在第二最远侧纵向振动节点40的远侧。在一种变型中,平衡点48设置为在最远侧纵向振动节点38的远侧(未显示)。在相同或不同的例子中,超声外科手术刀主体32具有弯曲形状,该弯曲形状形成超声外科手术刀主体32的所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44,以及包括在超声外科手术刀主体32中的切口部分的所述至少一个平衡不对称部分46。
在图2的实施方式的第一种表现方式的一种实现方式中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46被选择并设置为,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅在最远侧纵向振动节点38和远尖端34之间的至少一半路径上的特定值的正负25%之内。在一种变型中,所述至少一种功能性不对称部分44和至少一种平衡不对称部分46被选择并设置为使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅在最远侧纵向振动节点38和远尖端34之间的至少一半路径上的特定值的正负10%之内。在相同或不同的实现方式中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46被选择并设置为,与超声外科手术刀主体32不具有所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点38和远尖端34之间更远的距离上的预定值。在相同或不同实现方式中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46被选择和设置为使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅与向量和振幅-最远侧纵向振动节点38和远尖端34之间的距离的预定曲线基本上匹配。选择和设置功能性不对称部分44和平衡不对称部分46以实现上述结果在本领域技术人员的知识水平之内。
图2的实施方式的第二种表现方式为具有超声外科手术刀主体32的超声外科手术刀30。超声外科手术刀主体32具有远尖端34、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端36、最远侧纵向振动节点38、第二最远侧纵向振动节点40、从远尖端34向着最远侧振动节点38延伸的治疗部分42、至少一个功能性不对称部分44以及至少一个平衡不对称部分46。所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46产生了平衡点48,该平衡点48设置于最远侧纵向振动节点38和第二最远侧纵向振动节点40之间。近端36的纵向超声振动运动产生了超声外科手术刀主体32的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体32的超声振动为在靠***衡点48处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点48且位于超声外科手术刀主体32的至少某些治疗部分42中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合。
在图2的实施方式的第二种表现方式的一个例子中,超声外科手术刀主体32具有在第二最远侧纵向振动节点40远侧的弯曲形状,并且该弯曲形状形成超声外科手术刀主体32的所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44。在该例子中,所述至少一个平衡不对称部分46包括在超声外科手术刀主体32中的切口部分。在图2的实施方式的第二种表现方式的一种实现方式中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分44和至少一个平衡不对称部分46选择和设置为,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅与向量和振幅-在第二最远侧纵向振动节点40和远尖端34之间的距离的预定曲线完全匹配。
可从本发明的一种或多种实施方式和表现方式获得多种好处和优点。申请人确定,是超声外科手术刀的超声振动的振幅而不是其方向在很大程度上决定了刀在患者组织上的作用。申请人认识到,刀的治疗部分的横向超声振动是有益的,这与教导的刀的治疗部分中横向振动基本上为零的传统刀设计相反。申请人发现,在一个实施例中,将超声外科手术刀主体设计成在超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的至少一些部分中提供横向和纵向超声振动的组合,与传统设计的为治疗部分提供大体上仅仅具有纵向超声振动的可比的刀相比,这样产生的总超声振动的振幅比传统刀所得到的振幅更大,并且在刀的从远尖端到最远侧纵向振动节点的更长距离上更为恒定。而且,超声外科手术刀可具有特定的组织作用,通过设计特定的总(纵向和横向)超声振动振幅-(到最远侧纵向振动节点的)距离曲线,提供了特定的外科应用,这一点对本领域技术人员而言是可以理解的。
为了进行阐述,已经给出了对本发明的多种实施方式和表现方式的上述说明。这并不是想穷举或将本发明限制为所公开的精确形式,根据上述教导,可进行许多明显的改变和变化。例如,如本领域技术人员可理解的那样,考虑到所述***和组成元件可与机器人***兼容的可想到的变型,这里公开的超声外科手术刀可等同应用于机器人辅助的外科手术中。
Claims (22)
1.一种超声外科手术刀,包括超声外科手术刀主体,所述超声外科手术刀主体具有纵向轴线、远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、从所述远尖端向着最远侧纵向振动节点延伸的治疗部分以及功能性不对称部分,所述功能性不对称部分是相对于纵向轴线的不对称部分,并且被选择和设置成将近端的纵向超声振动运动转换成至少在超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的某些部分中的纵向超声振动和横向超声振动的组合,其中在远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
2.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述超声外科手术刀主体具有在最远侧纵向振动节点的远侧处的弯曲形状,所述弯曲形状形成该超声外科手术刀主体的功能性不对称部分。
3.如权利要求2所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述超声外科手术刀主体具有凹形的顶面和凸形的底面。
4.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置为使在远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上为零。
5.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成使在远尖端和到最远侧纵向振动节点的一半路径之间的纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅基本上等于在远尖端处的纵向超声振动的振幅。
6.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的至少一半距离的特定值的正负25%的范围内。
7.如权利要求6所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的至少一半距离的特定值的正负10%的范围内。
8.如权利要求6所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成,与超声外科手术刀主体不具有功能性不对称部分的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的更远距离的预定值。
9.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成,与超声外科手术刀主体不具有功能性不对称部分的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的更远距离的预定值。
10.如权利要求1所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述功能性不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅与向量和振幅-在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的距离的的预定曲线相匹配。
11.一种超声外科手术刀,包括超声外科手术刀主体,该超声外科手术刀主体具有远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、第二最远侧纵向振动节点、从远尖端向着第二最远侧振动节点延伸的治疗部分、至少一个功能性不对称部分以及至少一个平衡不对称部分,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分产生平衡点,所述近端的纵向超声振动运动产生了超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动为在靠***衡点处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点且位于至少某些治疗部分中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合,并且在远尖端处的横向超声振动的振幅基本上小于超声外科手术刀主体的治疗部分的横向超声振动的最大振幅的10%。
12.如权利要求11所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述超声外科手术刀主体具有弯曲形状,该弯曲形状形成超声外科手术刀主体的所述至少一个功能性不对称部分,并且所述至少一个平衡不对称部分包括在超声外科手术刀主体中的切口部分。
13.如权利要求11所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述平衡点设置在所述第二最远侧纵向振动节点的远侧。
14.如权利要求13所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述平衡点设置在所述最远侧纵向振动节点的远侧。
15.如权利要求11所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的至少一半距离的特定值的正负25%的范围内。
16.如权利要求15所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅处于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的至少一半距离的特定值的正负10%的范围内。
17.如权利要求15所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成,与该超声外科手术刀主体不具有至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的更远距离的预定值。
18.如权利要求11所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成,与该超声外科手术刀主体不具有至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分的情况相比,使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅高于在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的更远距离的预定值。
19.如权利要求11所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅基本上与向量和振幅-在最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的距离的预定曲线相匹配。
20.一种超声外科手术刀,包括超声外科手术刀主体,该超声外科手术刀主体具有远尖端、适于纵向超声振动激励的近端、最远侧纵向振动节点、第二最远侧纵向振动节点、从远尖端向着最远侧振动节点延伸的治疗部分、至少一个功能性不对称部分以及至少一个平衡不对称部分,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分产生平衡点,该平衡点设置于最远侧纵向振动节点和第二最远侧纵向振动节点之间,所述近端的纵向超声振动运动产生超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动,该超声外科手术刀主体的超声振动为在靠***衡点处的基本上单纯的纵向超声振动,并且是在远离平衡点且位于超声外科手术刀主体的至少某些治疗部分中的纵向和横向超声振动的组合。
21.如权利要求20所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述超声外科手术刀主体具有在第二最远侧纵向振动节点处的弯曲形状,该弯曲形状形成所述超声外科手术刀主体的所述至少一个功能性不对称部分,并且所述至少一个平衡不对称部分包括在超声外科手术刀主体中的切口部分。
22.如权利要求20所述的超声外科手术刀,其中,所述至少一个功能性不对称部分和至少一个平衡不对称部分被选择和设置成使纵向和横向超声振动的振幅的向量和振幅基本上与向量和振幅-在第二最远侧纵向振动节点和远尖端之间的距离的预定曲线相匹配。
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JP2007531563A (ja) | 2007-11-08 |
BRPI0508195B1 (pt) | 2017-10-03 |
BRPI0508195B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
EP1748736A2 (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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