CN101284945A - Process for quickly preparing polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material - Google Patents
Process for quickly preparing polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN101284945A CN101284945A CNA2008101238670A CN200810123867A CN101284945A CN 101284945 A CN101284945 A CN 101284945A CN A2008101238670 A CNA2008101238670 A CN A2008101238670A CN 200810123867 A CN200810123867 A CN 200810123867A CN 101284945 A CN101284945 A CN 101284945A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the conductive composite material preparation field. The invention comprises the following preparation steps: firstly, water is added into attapulgite raw materials after separation and purification for uniform stirring to prepare slurry with a concentration of between 3 percent and 30 percent; secondly, under the condition of continuous stirring, mixed acid solution which is formed by organic acids and inorganic acids is added into the attapulgite slurry and then aniline is added into the slurry, wherein, the mass ratio of the aniline and the attapulgite is 0.2 - 0.8 to 1; the mol ratio of the organic acids and the aniline is 0.15 - 0.76 to 1; the mol ratio of the inorganic acids and the aniline is 0.78 - 15.50 to 1; thirdly, oxidant solution is quickly poured into the slurry at a temperature of between 0 and 50 DEG C; after continuous stirring, polyreaction for 10 to 30 minutes and pumping filtration, deionized water is used for washing filtrate until the filtrate is achromatic, wherein, the mol ratio of the oxidant and the aniline is 0.5 - 2.0 to 1; fourthly, a filter mass is dried at a temperature of between 60 and 80 DEG C; after drying and crushing, the polyaniline/ attapulgite nano conductive composite material is obtained. The synthetic technique of the invention is simple and quick; the mixing amount of the organic acids is small; the feed capacity of the aniline is low; the manufacturing cost is low; the electric conductivity is excellent; and the thermal stability is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparation field in conducing composite material field, specifically, relate to a kind of quick method for preparing polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material.
Background technology
Polyaniline (PANI) has structure variation, good, synthetic simple and easy, the advantages such as monomer is with low cost, physicals excellence of environmental stability, particularly it has unique Protonic Acid Doping Mechanism and good conductivity, and being considered to has one of conductive polymers of actual application prospect most.But the polyaniline comprehensive mechanical property is poor, solvability and meltability extreme difference and the bad shortcoming of rheological property make its method that is difficult to adopt traditional forming process, and this has just seriously hindered its large-scale promotion application in every field.Therefore, processing characteristics how to improve polyaniline is the key that promotes polyaniline practicability.People have carried out unremitting effort for this reason, find that the composite modification technology of polyaniline and inorganic materials can overcome the shortcoming of its poor in processability, and obtain to have multiple functional matrix material, fields such as these functional materialss can be widely used in that electricity is led, magnetic conductance, electric demonstration, electrostatic shielding, microwave absorbing, anti-corrosion of metal, photochemical catalysis and sensing.
The preparation method of polyaniline/inorganic nano conducing composite material has electrochemical synthesis method, situ aggregation method, emulsion polymerization and blending method etc.Wherein, the chemical oxidation situ aggregation method is widely adopted because of industrial applicability is convenient.Chinese patent CN1226327C adopts situ aggregation method that the electrically conductive polyaniline of protonic acid doping is coated on and makes matrix material on the clay mineral, and this patent exists polymerization reaction time to grow (6～24h) deficiency partially.Chinese patent ZL200510057168.7 adopts situ aggregation method to prepare inorganic oxide conductive powder/single acid and nitration mixture doped polyaniline conductive polymer composite, and this patent has the following disadvantages: 1. polymerization reaction time grows (4～24h) partially; 2. aniline charging capacity excessive (aniline: the conducting powder mass ratio is 1: 0.025～0.20) causes the dopant acid amount excessive simultaneously.Chinese patent CN101003683A proposes to adopt the short mix situ aggregation method to make Nano composite granules by kaolin nanometer lamella and polyaniline nano fiber hydridization, this patent has the following disadvantages: what 1. doping agent adopted is hydrochloric acid, and the conductivity of prepared matrix material can prolong and the rising of envrionment temperature and variation in time; 2. pre-treatment is numerous and diverse, energy consumption height, time consumption long (add tensio-active agent, be warming up to 70～90 ℃, stir 8～10h and carry out pre-treatment); 3. excessive (aniline: the kaolin mass ratio is 3.57～71.42 to the aniline charging capacity: 1).Chinese patent CN101050304A proposes to adopt the TiOx nano rod and polyaniline nano fiber compound make Nano composite granules of short mix situ aggregation method by one dimension Nano structure, this patent exists the deficiency the same with Chinese patent CN101003683A except that the pre-treatment energy consumption reduces.
Attapulgite be a kind of layer of chain-like structure contain Shuifu County's zeopan clay mineral, its crystal is needle-like, fibrous agrregate, the diameter of single fiber crystalline substance is about 20nm, length can reach several μ m, is a kind of natural monodimension nanometer material.At present, be nucleome with the nano-attapulgite, method that organic acid/mineral acid nitration mixture doping process prepares the polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material of conductivity excellence yet there are no report to adopt the short mix in-situ polymerization to hold concurrently.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material, this method has realized compound on nanoscale of polyaniline and attapulgite, and efficiently solve the pre-treatment energy consumption big and the time consumption long, polymerization reaction time is grown partially, problems such as excessive, the organic acid doped amount of aniline charging capacity is excessive, mineral acid doping poor heat stability.
The technical scheme that realizes above-mentioned purpose is: a kind of preparation method of polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material, this method have adopted the short mix in-situ polymerization organic acid/mineral acid nitration mixture doping process of holding concurrently, and concrete processing step is as follows:
1) through separating the attapulgite raw material of purifying, adds water and stir, make the slurry of concentration 3～30%;
2) under constantly stirring, organic acid and the formed mixed acid solution of mineral acid are joined in the attapulgite slurry, again aniline is joined in the slurry, wherein the mass ratio of aniline and attapulgite is: 0.2～0.8: 1, the mol ratio of organic acid and aniline is: 0.15～0.76: 1, and the mol ratio of mineral acid and aniline is: 0.78～15.50: 1;
3) under 0～50 ℃, oxidizing agent solution is poured into rapidly in the above-mentioned slurry, constantly stir, suction filtration behind polyreaction 10～30min is washed till filtrate with deionized water and is colourless, and wherein the mol ratio of oxygenant and aniline is 0.5～2.0: 1;
4) filter cake is dry under 60～80 ℃, oven dry is after pulverizing obtains polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material.
Aniline among the present invention can be the aniline of aniline or replacement.
Further, the described the 2nd) Bu organic acid is one or more in p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, sulphosalicylic acid, Witco 1298 Soft Acid, polystyrolsulfon acid, naphthene sulfonic acid and the dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid.
Further, the described the 2nd) Bu mineral acid is a kind of in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid and the phosphoric acid.
Further, said oxygenant is an ammonium persulphate.
The present invention adopts short mix in-situ polymerization and organic acid/adulterated method of mineral acid nitration mixture, coat organic acid/adulterated polyaniline of mineral acid nitration mixture at the bar-shaped attapulgite single-crystal surface of 1-dimention nano, made polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material; This method does not need special pre-treatment, the synthesis technique simple and fast, and organic acid doped amount is few, and the aniline charging capacity is few, low cost of manufacture, the conductivity excellence, thermal stability is good, has solved the problem that above-mentioned patent exists effectively; Prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material can be used widely in fields such as antistatic, electromagnetic shielding, microwave absorbing and anti-corrosion of metal.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
The transmission electron microscope photo of Fig. 1 embodiment 10 gained polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite materials
Embodiment
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with embodiment.
The mensuration of conductive nano composites powder volume specific resistance among the present invention: be with in the graduated polyacrylic ester Glass tubing one, put into 10.0g polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material powder, pressure with 1MPa is pressed in the conductive nano composites powder between the two metal sheets, measure resistance between two metal sheets with universal meter, the resistivity that is calculated as follows the conductive nano composites powder according to the thickness and the sectional area of conductive nano composites powder layer.
R
sp＝R×A/L
In the formula: R
SpBe volume specific resistance (Ω cm) that R is actual measurement resistance (Ω), A is the internal diameter sectional area (cm of Glass tubing
2), L is the height (cm) of conductive nano composites powder layer.
Embodiment 1: the HClO of slurry, 1g (0.0039mol) sulphosalicylic acid and 100mL1.0M (0.1mol) that 8g attapulgite and 18g deionized water is made
4Formed mixed acid solution and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline joins in the there-necked flask, stirs; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 60mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 15min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 38 Ω cm.
Embodiment 2: formed mixed acid solution of HCl (0.1mol) and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of slurry, 6.4g (0.0196mol) Witco 1298 Soft Acid and 25mL4.0M that 8g attapulgite and 260g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 15mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 30min down at 10 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 60 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 35 Ω cm.
Embodiment 3: the HNO of slurry, 2.7g (0.0116mol) camphorsulfonic acid and 10mL2.0M (0.02mol) that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made
3Formed mixed acid solution and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline joins in the there-necked flask, stirs; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 15min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 70 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 20 Ω cm.
Embodiment 4: formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of slurry, 2.3g (0.0121mol) tosic acid and 200mL2.0M (0.4mol) that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 15min down at 30 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 70 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 45 Ω cm.
Embodiment 5: the H of slurry, 1.6g (0.0077mol) naphthene sulfonic acid and 25mL2.0M (0.05mol) that 8g attapulgite and 112g deionized water is made
2SO
4Formed mixed acid solution and 1.6g (0.0172mol) aniline joins in the there-necked flask, stirs; 3.70g (0.0162mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 20mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 20min down at 40 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 200 Ω cm.
Embodiment 6: formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 6.4g (0.0688mol) aniline of slurry, 7.5g (0.0295mol) sulphosalicylic acid and 62.5mL4.0M (0.25mol) that 8g attapulgite and 112g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 14.7g (0.0645mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 80mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 20min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 0.4 Ω cm.
Embodiment 7: the H of slurry, 5.44g (0.0118mol) dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid and 60mL0.5M (0.03mol) that 8g attapulgite and 72g deionized water is made
3PO
4Formed mixed acid solution and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline joins in the there-necked flask, stirs; 2.94g (0.0129mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 15mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 15min down at 0 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 170 Ω cm.
Embodiment 8: formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of slurry, 3g (0.0118mol) sulphosalicylic acid and 100mL1.0M (0.1mol) that 8g attapulgite and 72g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 11.76g (0.0516mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 60mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 15min down at 50 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 540 Ω cm.
Embodiment 9: formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of slurry, 60g (0.012mol) polystyrolsulfon acid and 100mL1.0M (0.1mol) that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 10min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 70 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 100 Ω cm.
Embodiment 10: formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of slurry, 3g (0.0118mol) sulphosalicylic acid and 25mL4.0M (0.1mol) that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made join in the there-necked flask, stir; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 30min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 1.1 Ω cm; This conductive nano composites is placed 100 ℃ of baking 6h down, and volume specific resistance becomes 65 Ω cm.
Embodiment 11: slurry, 1g (0.0039mol) sulphosalicylic acid and 2.6g (0.008mol) Witco 1298 Soft Acid that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made and formed mixed acid solution of HCl and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of 50mL2.0M (0.1mol) join in the there-necked flask, stir; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, and pours initiated polymerization in the slurry rapidly into; Stir oxypolymerization 30min down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 10 Ω cm.
Comparative example 1: with the comparison of electrical-conductive nanometer rod thermostability among the embodiment 10: the slurry that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made, HCl solution and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline of 150mL2.0M (0.3mol) join in the there-necked flask, stir; 6.33g (0.0278mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, dropwise splashes into initiated polymerization in the slurry with dropping funnel; Stir oxypolymerization 4h down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 70 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 2.5 Ω cm; With this conductive nano composites place 100 ℃ down non-conductive behind the baking 6h.
Comparative example 2: with the comparison of organic acid doped amount among the embodiment 10: slurry, 6g (0.0236mol) sulphosalicylic acid that 8g attapulgite and 92g deionized water is made is dissolved in the 50mL deionized water and 2.4g (0.0258mol) aniline joins in the there-necked flask, stirs; 5.88g (0.0258mol) ammonium persulphate is dissolved in the 30mL deionized water, dropwise splashes into initiated polymerization in the slurry with dropping funnel; Stir oxypolymerization 4h down at 20 ℃; Suction filtration, dry in 80 ℃ of baking ovens, obtain blackish green powder through grinding.The volume specific resistance of prepared polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material is 3.0 Ω cm, and its organic acid doped amount is 2 times among the embodiment 10.
Claims (2)
1. prepare the method for polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material fast, it is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
1) through separating the attapulgite raw material of purifying, adds water and stir, make the slurry of concentration 3～30%;
2) under constantly stirring, organic acid and the formed mixed acid solution of mineral acid are joined in the attapulgite slurry, again aniline is joined in the slurry, wherein the mass ratio of aniline and attapulgite is: 0.2～0.8: 1, the mol ratio of organic acid and aniline is: 0.15～0.76: 1, and the mol ratio of mineral acid and aniline is: 0.78～15.50: 1;
3) under 0～50 ℃, oxidizing agent solution is poured into rapidly in the above-mentioned slurry, constantly stir, suction filtration behind polyreaction 10～30min is washed till filtrate with deionized water and is colourless, and wherein the mol ratio of oxygenant and aniline is 0.5～2.0: 1;
4) filter cake is dry under 60～80 ℃, oven dry is after pulverizing obtains polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material;
The wherein said the 2nd) Bu organic acid is one or more in p-methyl benzenesulfonic acid, camphorsulfonic acid, sulphosalicylic acid, Witco 1298 Soft Acid, polystyrolsulfon acid, naphthene sulfonic acid and the dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid;
The described the 2nd) Bu mineral acid is a kind of in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid and the phosphoric acid;
Said oxygenant is an ammonium persulphate.
2. the quick method for preparing polyaniline/attapulgite nano-electric conducting composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described aniline is the aniline of aniline or replacement.
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| CN101935451A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-05 | 西北师范大学 | Method for preparing polyaniline/ palygorskite nanometer conducting composite by inverse emulsion process |
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| CN101935451A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2011-01-05 | 西北师范大学 | Method for preparing polyaniline/ palygorskite nanometer conducting composite by inverse emulsion process |
| CN102532974A (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2012-07-04 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Conductive agent, preparation method for conductive agent and anti-static coating containing conductive agent |
| CN102532974B (en) * | 2010-12-30 | 2015-03-25 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Conductive agent, preparation method for conductive agent and anti-static coating containing conductive agent |
| CN102993646B (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2015-06-03 | 常州大学 | Polythiophene nanometer conductive composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102993646A (en) * | 2012-12-05 | 2013-03-27 | 常州大学 | Polythiophene nanometer conductive composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN103111272A (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2013-05-22 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation and application of modified polyaniline-palygorskite composite adsorbent |
| CN103111272B (en) * | 2013-03-07 | 2015-04-08 | 西北师范大学 | Preparation and application of modified polyaniline-palygorskite composite adsorbent |
| CN105504337A (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2016-04-20 | 武汉理工大学 | Attapulgite clay/polyanion/polystyrene composite particle and preparation method thereof |
| CN105504337B (en) * | 2016-01-20 | 2018-10-23 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of recessed soil/polyaniline/polystyrene compound particle and preparation method thereof |
| CN105802248A (en) * | 2016-04-12 | 2016-07-27 | 国电环境保护研究院 | Method for preparing conductive composite with attapulgite as substrate |
| CN112778969A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-05-11 | 安徽理工大学 | Preparation method of attapulgite/polyaniline composite material |
| CN114874675A (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-08-09 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of durable super-hydrophobic micro-droplet self-cleaning coating based on polyaniline/attapulgite |
| CN114874675B (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-02-28 | 中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of durable super-hydrophobic micro-droplet self-cleaning coating based on polyaniline/attapulgite |
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