CN101274804A - Comprehensive energy-saving method for sewage disposal - Google Patents

Abstract

A comprehensive energy-saving method in wastewater treatment relates to a sewage circulation type aeration method which means that a circulating flow at full speed is generated in a pool by power equipment; air enters the circulating flow through a surface layer and then flows into a deep layer together with the circulating flow to realize aeration. The stereo distributed biological filter related means that a biofilter consisting of a great amount of hollow bio-fungus filter tubes leads the sewage to realize biochemical reaction with low resistance throughflow when passing the walls of the tubes, which can simplify back wash. The stereo distributed sludge dehydrator related means that a great amount of filter tubes are distributed inside the dehydrator to realize large-area and low-resistant sludge dewatering through pumping pressure. The whole proposal can replace a blower for aeration, reduces the energy consumption of sewage biological and chemical treatment and sludge dewatering, realizes comprehensive energy saving and can be popularized in the fields of aeration of tank culture, gas-adding and floatation by a wet method of materials, dewatering of hydrates of pulp, etc.

Description

Comprehensive energy-saving method for sewage disposal

Technical field

The present invention relates to sewage circulation type aeration method and three-dimensional distributed biological filter treatment process and three-dimensional distributed mud dewatering method, be applied to fields such as biochemical treatment of sewage aeration biological filter and sludge dewatering, also can be generalized to the pond culture aeration oxygen supply, material wet method induced air flotation, and field such as the dehydration of hydrate such as paper pulp and other similar gas-liquid between or physics between the solid-liquid or biochemical reaction field.

Background technology

At present, fields such as sewage disposal generally all adopt gas blower from the bottom aeration, and the blower fan electricity consumption is the highest link of sewage disposal running cost, also are the maximum noise source of pollution.Wherein, the sewage treatment process of biological filter process is short with its sewage disposal cycle, advantages such as the good floor space of effluent characteristics is little are adopted by more sewage project, but the biological filter must be behind a large amount of medicament flocculation filtrations of native sewage water input could works better, and filter bed thickness is big, flow resistance is big, and back flushing needs big pressure power consumption many, general back-purge system more complicated; Membrane biological process adopt microbial film can fine isolation with filter sewage, filter back water can be directly up to standard, the technology of generally being had an optimistic view of, but investment is big and filter and need the pressure energy consumption also bigger, back-purge system is more complicated also.

Being specifically designed to the gas-liquid mixing pump of aeration, is to adopt the specialized structure impeller and the gas-liquid degree of depth is mixed, and bubble is fine and closely woven, generally is suitable for small-sized water treatment system, and large-scale sewage project is seldom used.

Though aspect hydrate dehydrations such as mud advanced person's centrifuge dehydrating effect better but investment is all bigger with power consumption, other dehydration technique costs and poor dehydration results or power consumption are many, lack good power-saving technology of dehydrating effect and product.

Summary of the invention

Purpose of the present invention: adopt circulation type sewage aeration method to replace the gas blower aeration, energy-saving and cost-reducing significantly; Adopt three-dimensional distributed through-flow technology to reduce the biological filter flow passage resistance, make the biological filter be more suitable for the circulation type aeration, simplify back-purge system simultaneously; The distributed through-flow method of solid is used for the dehydration of hydrate such as mud, thereby realizes that significantly sewage disposal is energy-conservation comprehensively, and such power-saving technology is promoted to other association area.

Technical scheme of the present invention: so-called whirlwind-type sewage aeration method is meant under the effect of power-equipments such as water pump or runner, make the circulation that produces enough speed in the pond, air is introduced near in the circulation of liquid level by diffuser, then with making whole pond realize aeration to flowing to into deep layer under the circulation.General diffuser adopts the aeration head that can produce micro-bubble, and aeration head near producing vacuum suction thereafter because of its resistance makes liquid stream after the position reasonable Arrangement of liquid level, makes a large amount of micro-bubbles enter eddy flow at liquid stream.Also can make the air admission pump intake, by quick runner bubble " be blended " and be mixed into the circulation aeration by common induction trunk.

In theory, can adopt the power set of any kind water pump or similar water pump, generally adopt common propeller pump more suitable, also can be " special water pumps " such as runners that liquid flows thruster, centrifugal impeller or is made up of a plurality of pulpboards, simply energy-conservation.

For ordinary biofilter,,, propose to adopt the low resistance biological filter of three-dimensional distributed through-flow method here in order to realize its energy-saving and aerating because the whole filtering layer of bacteria bed can not form complete circulation state.A kind of scheme is that the hollow biological bacteria chimney filter of some amount is formed bacteria bed, and sewage enters the process in the pipe by tube wall from biological chimney filter outside and finishes biochemical reaction, and the water after the purification converges to the water shoot discharge in the biological bacteria chimney filter, perhaps opposite.The structure of biological bacteria chimney filter is directly to make hollow tube with the porous material that is fit to the settled organism mycoderm, but perhaps adopts the protruded packing of having filled the settled organism mycoderm in the interlayer of the concentric chimney filter of bilayer.Another kind of scheme is to have arranged sewage water inlet chimney filter and draining chimney filter in filling up the bacteria bed of filtrate, sewage passes the biofilter material layer from the water inlet pipe horizontal (vertical with pipeline) that is covered with mesh and enters water shoot, the new bacteria bed of just same formation after the mutual spaced apart of a large amount of water inlet pipes and water shoot.

The biological filter ultimate principle that this dual mode forms is the same, at utmost shortens through-flow distance by constituting the three-dimensional through-flow mode that distributes exactly, increases flow area and reduces flow passage resistance.Illustrate, if the filtrate of equivalent amount is made common bacteria bed and the three-dimensional through-flow mode bacteria bed that distributes, under the identical situation of ecotope, the biological bacteria quantity that distributes in the filtrate is basic identical, processing power to sewage is identical, just the latter is because pipeline takes up room, and overall volume is generally big than the former.; though increasing, volume but created condition flexibly for reducing flow passage resistance; as long as because satisfy intensity; the caliber design is more little under the prerequisite of equal treatment capacity; it is many more that chimney filter just can be arranged; filter material layer at interval is thinner, and the bigger flow velocity of flow area is littler, flow passage resistance will reduce with the rule of geometricprogression (because the resistance that the generalized case fluid is subjected to not only with fluid flow thickness direct ratio and flow velocity square become also to be directly proportional).

Three-dimensional distribution throughflow type bacteria bed (or claiming three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed) reduces circulating resistance significantly, not only makes things convenient for and adopts the circulation type aeration, and make the resistance force diminishes of back flushing, and the time shortens, and more helps energy-saving design.

Change biological chimney filter into common dehydration and be used for sludge dewatering, also can be used for the dehydration of other water-containing materials such as paper pulp with the chimney filter throughflow type energy-saving principle that just solid can be distributed, energy-conservation and back flushing is easy.

In a word, from the sewage aeration to the biochemical treatment,, will make the whole process of sewage disposal realize saving energy and reduce the cost significantly through of the present invention implementing in full, and its energy-saving principle can be promoted to other similar field again to sludge dewatering.

Advantage of the present invention:

1. circulation type sewage aeration method has utilized circulation to consume the characteristics that power seldom just can circulate continuously, to take near a large amount of micro-bubbles of liquid level " suction " at the bottom of the pond, and produce the force of circulation that rises when utilizing bubble to rise at the bottom of the pond, therefore be a kind of very energy-conservation aeration method, by contrast, have pressurized air source aeration air pressure must overcome the aeration tank static pressure at the bottom of the pond of generally adopting at present, blower efficiency loss simultaneously is very big, and power of motor is always very big.

2. can replace the gas blower aeration, realize energy-conservation significantly and the elimination sound pollution, also need consumption of power obviously to be much smaller compared with the power consumption of aeration blower though keep circulation.

3. adopt three-dimensional distributed biological filter, the sewage flow passage resistance is reduced significantly, make back flushing become easier, reduce facility investment, and such structure both is suitable for the biological process of aerobic aeration, also be suitable for the anaerobic biological process.

4. adopt three-dimensional distributed dehydration technique to make sludge dewatering more energy-conservation, facility investment is littler, and can be used for the dehydration of other water-containing materials.

5. help the synthesis energy saving of sewage disposal whole process, even help that anaerobic zone is arranged in the aeration tank bottom section and save the area.Its principle can be generalized to the pond culture aeration oxygen supply, material wet method induced air flotation, and field such as the dehydration of hydrate such as paper pulp and other similar gas-liquid between or physics between the solid-liquid or biochemical reaction field, as chemical industry and food-processing.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is that the activated sludge process oxidation ditch adopts circulation type aeration method schematic diagram, and power set adopts axial flow pump.Arrow representative ring flow path direction or runner sense of rotation are as follows among the figure.

Fig. 2 is two kinds of circulation type aeration method schematic diagrams that the power set runner is arranged in different positions.

Fig. 3 adopts horizontal cylinder or circular groove shape aeration tank, and power set adopts two kinds of situations of single runner and double runner.

Fig. 4 is that three kinds of vertical and cylindrical oxidation ditches adopt circulation type aeration method schematic diagrams, and A is to be power with the propeller pump, and B is to be that power and centre have guide shell with runner at the bottom of the pond, and C is to be that power does not need guide shell with the large rotary wheel.

Fig. 5 is that circulation type aeration method schematic diagram is adopted in the biological filter.

Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 are the three-dimensional distributed biological filter schematic diagrams that the biological bacteria chimney filter of two kinds of different distributions modes is formed.

Fig. 8 is a chimney filter distribution plan in the three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed filtrate.For intuitively, pipe represents that the suction culvert square tube represents discharge pipe line among the figure, and arrow is represented water (flow) direction in the filtrate.

Fig. 9 is circular three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed schematic layout diagram, and promptly water entry and drainage channel are arranged with the shaft vertical tubular.

Figure 10 is that the three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed of rectangle is arranged vertical view, the i.e. vertical layout of being separated by side by side of water entry and drainage channel.

Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed is set up in the active sludge oxidation pond of employing circulation type aeration, and Figure 12 is its plane general flow chart.

Figure 13 is the schematic diagram that circulation type deep well aeration system increases three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed.

Figure 14 is a kind of runner that adopts three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed structure, and filter back water purification is pooled in the hollow central siphon by thrust-augmenting nozzle radially, is discharged by central siphon.

Figure 15 is the distributed sludge filtration water trap of a kind of solid.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, sewage lagoon adopts the circulation type aeration, motor 1 drive axial-flow pump impeller 4 rotates and makes liquid flow to current downflow during work, by flow-guiding channel 5 water conservancy diversion, liquid is flowed through and is risen to liquid level from the right at the bottom of the pond, and then is back to the propeller pump inlet forms an integral body in the pond three-dimensional circulation.Aeration head 3 is equipped with in position in the propeller pump ingress near liquid level, the combination of a plurality of aeration heads is gone into the certain resistance of interruption-forming to propeller pump makes pump intake produce vacuum, air is inhaled in the pump through the minute aperture that aeration head distributes through inlet pipe 2 again, enter liquid with the form of a large amount of micro-bubbles and flow to, realize the circulation type sewage aeration into whole circulation.It simultaneously is again to help the circulation vacuum suction to the position of stream under the circulation that aeration head is arranged near liquid level, at the bottom of helping bringing a large amount of micro-bubbles into pond.

Produce in theory the propeller pump of circulation or liquid stream thruster be arranged in any position of circulation can, for favourable bubble with down at the bottom of flowing to into the pond, down adopt less flow area to increase flow velocity to circulation road is general, generally in that to circulation road propeller pump to be installed down more suitable.In addition, large-scale oxidation ditch a plurality of circulation aerating systems that can be arranged side by side are satisfied the demand.

The circulation type aeration has flexile embodiment, for example:

Accompanying drawing 2 is that the activated sludge process oxidation ditch adopts another kind of circulation type aeration method schematic diagram, and it is two kinds of different schemes that power set adopts runner 6 and position.

Accompanying drawing 3 is two kinds of situations that horizontal cylinder or circular groove shape power set adopt single runner and double runner.This scheme circulating loss minimum, the bubble that has even have little time to overflow and just enter the next round circulation again helps being particularly suitable for the oxygen aeration by control liquid level proper extension air residence time in water.

Accompanying drawing 4 is that circulation type aeration method schematic diagram is adopted in three kinds of vertical and cylindrical aeration tanks, and A is to be power with the propeller pump, and circulation is pressed the radially three-dimensional distribution of cylinder; B is to be that power and centre have guide shell with runner at the bottom of the pond; C is to be that power does not need guide shell with the large rotary wheel.The circulation of B and C shows as complicated helical flow state, but always has to flow point speed at the center, and the component velocity of upward flow is also always arranged around.In fact, also can set up flow deflector (being similar to the guide vane of propeller pump) in the inboard, aeration tank, guided liquid-flow directly makes progress.In addition, change runner into centrifugal impeller, effect characteristics basic identical and centrifugal impeller are high rotating speed small volumes, but the high speed flow of its generation has increased flow losses.For more help reducing three kinds of modes of circulation resistance ABC especially A can also adopt spherical shell shape pond.

In case of necessity, when reason air inlets such as the aeration head arrangement condition is restricted are not enough, can ventilate directly for aeration head 3 with gas blower, the distribution of aeration head can more flexible can arrange under liquid level darker like this, though increased gas blower still than little many of pond pucking wind aeration power consumption.

Embodiment 2: as shown in Figure 5, a kind of biological filter of adopting the circulation type aeration, integral body resembles " U " type, during work, sewage enters pump entrance from water entry 21, simultaneously air is inhaled into aerating system from induction trunk 22 through aeration head, is subjected to water pump impeller to promote the air water mixed solution bottom of flowing through and enters the biological filter system on the right, and sewage rises to filter bed top and overflows through drainage channel 24 after bacteria bed 23 purifies.

Such aeration principle also is suitable for the air-float technology in the sewage disposal, also is suitable for being generalized to material wet method induced air flotation field.For example, in coal washing coal separation industry, in order from coal slime, further to sub-elect coal dust, more advanced equipment is flotation column, with coal slime slurry with the water pump high pressure produce jet air-breathing after, the gas slurry degree of depth is mixed into flotation column, and with bubble floating, the body refuse that other ash content is big sinks to realizing sorting purposes at the less coal dust of the booster action lower density of flotation agent.It adopts the air-breathing scheme of water pump jet to make water pump current consumption very big, because of the wearing and tearing maintenance cost of ejector is also bigger, if adopt the circulation air supporting scheme here can reduce pump power, energy-conservation reducing investment outlay.

Though this scheme can not form sealing " circulation ", has possessed same energy-saving principle substantially, the also unified here circulation type aeration that is classified as.

Embodiment 3: as accompanying drawing 6, the distributed biological filter of a kind of solid, bacteria bed is made up of some amount biological bacteria chimney filter 31, the material that the biological bacteria chimney filter is covered with minute aperture by branch is made hollow structure and is formed, and perhaps is covered with by different two of diameter to be full of the biofilter material haydite of micropore (as be full of) in the ring-type interlayer of concentric chimney filter of mesh and to constitute.Three-dimensional distributed biological filter is when work, and sewage rises to the filter bed after water entry 32 enters the bottom, biological filter, enters after biological bacteria chimney filter 31 purifies and is flowed to water shoot 33 discharges in the chimney filter.Arrow is represented water (flow) direction among the figure, has only shown seldom several for the three-dimensional biological filter principle of work biological bacteria chimney filter that distributes is described, in actual applications chimney filter can arrange very close.

Accompanying drawing 7 has shown the situation of biological bacteria chimney filter lateral arrangement, and this explanation biological bacteria chimney filter has three-dimensional flexibly decoration form.

Accompanying drawing 8 has shown the other distributed bacteria bed of a kind of solid, filter bed integral body is full of filtrate, draining chimney filter 36 after sewage water inlet chimney filter 35 and the purification is apart from one another by being arranged in the filtrate, sewage enters the water inlet chimney filter 35 that is arranged in the filtrate during work from the bacteria bed bottom, the shutoff of water inlet pipe top, sewage can only be passed across enter draining chimney filter 36 again after the biological bacteria filter material layer is finished biopurification, after the draining chimney filter one end shutoff the other end compiles water purification is discharged.

Accompanying drawing 9 has shown sewage water inlet chimney filter, the three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed of filter material layer and draining chimney filter coaxial arrangement, band is that sewage water entry twill is a drainage channel among the figure, no line be filter material layer.

Figure 10 is three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed layout drawing, the i.e. vertical layout of being separated by side by side of water entry and drainage channel of rectangle.Band is that sewage water entry twill is a drainage channel among the figure, no line be filter material layer.

Three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed is that applying of biological filter increased more handinesies, be combined into a kind of energy-efficient sewage disposal pattern with the circulation type aeration, it not only is fit to the scale of Sewage Plant handles, and also provides a kind of good energy saver mode for mini-sewage disposals such as family restaurant and biotopes.

Embodiment 4: as accompanying drawing 11, in the active sludge oxidation pond of adopting the circulation type aeration, arranged three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed, the propeller pump inlet has been installed aeration sleeve pipe 42, make during because of the smaller work of aeration casing inner diameter and produce vacuum in the pipe, air becomes the micro-bubble state to enter pump intake after inlet pipe 41 enters the aeration sleeve pipe, then enters the gas-liquid flow of exposing to the sun.Accompanying drawing 12 is illustrated in the bio-oxidation pond of having arranged three distributed bacteria beds 44 of solid in the pond continuously, and sewage enters in the pond from water entry 43, arrives outlet 46 in the direction of arrows and discharges, and assembles rising pipe 45 discharges separately by the water outlet that bacteria bed purifies.After the processing through three bacteria beds, the flow that thickens gradually of the sewage in the pond reduces.In fact, three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed can the miniaturization modular design, a plurality of combined modules can be set in bigger system reach treatment scale, can carry out back flushing separately one by one during operation and do not influence other normal operation, the influence of operation is very little continuously to system to make back flushing.

Be provided with like this and can have both accelerated bio-oxidation speed and effluent quality is improved, simplify back flushing again fully in conjunction with the advantage of activated sludge process and biological filter process.This is because the air-breathing aeration of water pump makes in the pond to flow with three-dimensional eddy flow state fast speed, and each biological chimney filter always is in the quick liquid flow flowing, always the back flushing product is washed away fast when back flushing.And that the three-dimensional bacteria bed structure that distributes can be done biological chimney filter is very thin very thin, and the little reaction of pressure that needs of back flushing is fast like this, and the cycle is short, handles in earlier stage for the biological filter and does not adopt flocculation agent to flocculate to have created condition.

In addition, from accompanying drawing 11 as can be seen, the convenient anaerobic zone of arranging denitrogenation phosphorus in territory, base area, pond of such systematic comparison is saved the sewage disposal floor space.

Embodiment 5: as accompanying drawing 13, it is a kind of tupe that the deep well aeration system has increased three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed 51, produce force of circulation by propeller pump, diffuser 52 is arranged on the high speed axial flow pumping intake piping road, makes " to be blended " in the air admission impeller by vacuum suction to enter circulation system after mixing.Though and deep well aeration at present also is to make to produce vertical circulation in the well, but the air inlet scheme is by air compressor machine pressure gas source to be delivered to the deep-well middle and lower part, the power of circulation is produced by the aeration air buoyancy fully, and it is always very low to do the efficient of power with pressurized air.Therefore, become force of circulation with propeller pump instead of null press here tangible energy-saving significance is arranged.

Embodiment 6: as accompanying drawing 14, and a kind of runner that adopts three-dimensional distributed bacteria bed structure, water purification is pooled in the hollow central siphon 63 by thrust-augmenting nozzle 62 radially after biological bacteria chimney filter 61 filter of lateral distribution, is discharged by central siphon.Because the structure of bacteria bed is versatile and flexible, so the runner of bacteria bed structure also can design various structures according to concrete needs.

Of this sort structure, biological chimney filter is made into to increasing the multilayer rib structure of surface-area, perhaps pulpboard directly adopts porous material or vesicular structure to increase surface-area, runner promote the liquid circulation when moving the double-edged pressure reduction of pulpboard make in the pore of pulpboard and also have liquid stream to flow, can make pore obtain positive back flushing by the direction that regularly changes runner, the biological mycoderm that adheres to because of floor or pore just becomes a kind of rotating contact biochemical system like this.

Embodiment 7: as accompanying drawing 15, and the basic structure of the distributed sludge dewatering device of a kind of solid, mud 71 enters water trap inside by inlet after by the water pump supercharging, then enters in the chimney filter group 72, and the chimney filter tube wall is that branchs is covered with and meets the tiny through hole that filters requirement.Chimney filter exports 73 bores and dwindles or adopt special current regulator such as motorized valve etc., keeps filter pressure in the chimney filter with the control output resistance, makes mud finish dehydration through in the process of whole chimney filter, and the water that leaches is assembled after rising pipe 74 is discharged.Satisfying under the prerequisite of requirement of strength, the chimney filter caliber is more little to distribute just manyly more in strainer, and filtration resistance is just more little, and just more little consumed power is also more little for operating pressure, and back flushing is also easy more.Such water trap also can a plurality of layouts of miniaturization back flushing separately one by one, making dehydration operation continuously.

Because the flexibility of three-dimensional distribution mode, three-dimensional distributed sludge dewatering device also can have multiple flexible Structure, its overall merit is that simple energy-conservation volume scalp is little. Obviously, such dehydrator is also passable Be used for the dehydration of other similar materials.

Claims (10)

1. circulation type liquid aeration method, be applied to physics or biochemical reaction field between sewage disposal, fishpond breed, the air supporting sorting of material wet method and other the similar gas-liquid, it is characterized in that: make liquid generation circulation in the pond by water pump or other power set, air-flow imports liquid stream by diffuser and enters subsequently under the circulation and spread realization liquid stream aeration with circulation in stream.

2. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: water pump or runner are the power-equipments that produces circulation, arrange on pump entrance or the access road diffuser or near under the liquid level to the location arrangements diffuser of stream.

3. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the intake method of circulation is a vacuum suction.

4. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the aeration pond adopt the round shape can reduce the circulation resistance or spherical shell shape or with round shape and the proximate shape of spherical shell shape, there is opening on the top or venting hole is arranged.

5. distributed bacteria bed of solid, be applied to the biological or chemical field between sewage disposal and other the similar solid-liquid, it is characterized in that: bacteria bed adopts hollow biological bacteria chimney filter unitized construction, but perhaps adopts water inlet chimney filter and draining chimney filter to separate the structure of the protruded packing of combination and the filling of the space between tube and tube settled organism mycoderm mutually.

6. the distributed bacteria bed of solid as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that: the biological bacteria chimney filter is made hollow structure by porous material and is formed, but has perhaps filled the protruded packing formation of settled organism mycoderm in the interlayer of the concentric chimney filter of bilayer.

7. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: bacteria bed is arranged in the circulation upward flow.

8. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: runner is whole to be the distributed bacteria bed of rotating solid.

9. circulation type liquid aeration method as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the pulpboard of runner adopts the multilayer rib structure that increases surface-area, and perhaps pulpboard directly adopts the vesicular structure of porous material or increase surface-area.

10. the distributed water trap of solid is applied to solid-liquid solidliquid mixture dehydration fields such as mud, it is characterized in that: chimney filter is separated combination mutually and is contained in the housing, feed-pipe and the conducting of chimney filter inlet, and the outer space conducting of chimney filter is perhaps opposite in liquid discharge pipe and the housing.

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