CN101265868B - Method and device for utilizing flow separated from oil gas water separator for integral generation - Google Patents

Method and device for utilizing flow separated from oil gas water separator for integral generation Download PDF

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CN101265868B
CN101265868B CN2008100658665A CN200810065866A CN101265868B CN 101265868 B CN101265868 B CN 101265868B CN 2008100658665 A CN2008100658665 A CN 2008100658665A CN 200810065866 A CN200810065866 A CN 200810065866A CN 101265868 B CN101265868 B CN 101265868B
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separator
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pressure
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文立刚
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Abstract

The invention relates to a comprehensive power generation method and a device thereof, which uses high-pressure high thermal energy fluid separated by an oil-gas-water separator, and adopts the method that the water processed by the oil-gas-water separator is discharged from a water outlet pipeline, and then enters a hydroelectric generator unit and/or a geothermal water power generation unit, wherein, the hydroelectric generator unit uses pressure energy and mechanical energy for producing water to drive a generator to generate power and uses geothermal energy of the produced water from separation to drive a steam turbine to generate power, and uses terrestrial heat for heating, thereby realizing the comprehensive, high-efficient and cascade utilization of the energy of the strata output; the gas processed by the oil-gas-water separator enters a turbine power generation unit via a natural gas outlet pipeline and is used for driving the steam turbine to generate power. The method has the beneficial effects that the pressure energy, thermal energy and gravitational potential energy of the water and the gas processed by the oil-gas-water separator are comprehensively used for pushing an impeller of a prime motor to rotate and driving the generator to generate power, thus realizing the purpose of using the residual energy and pressure producing the discharged water and gas for pushing the water turbine or a gas turbine to generate power, realizing the utilization of the residual energy and pressure, providing clean and unpolluted power source for oil fields, reducing the consumption of fossil energy, and realizing energy conservation and emission reduction.

Description

Utilize the method and apparatus of the isolated fluid comprehensive electric generating of oil gas water separator
Technical field
The oil and gas and water that the present invention relates to oilfield separator is from separating the high-pressure liquid driving generator for electricity generation that exports with utilizing, especially relate to and utilize high heat energy water of the isolated high pressure of separator and pressurized gas, utilize their mechanical energy, heat energy and pressure energy to promote method and the device thereof that water turbine and steam turbine carry out comprehensive electric generating.
Background technique
The separator notion: the Gravity Type Oil moisture trap is the oil gas water three phase mixture the stratum output, relies on the density difference between them, under gravitational differentiation they is separated into oil, the container of water and rock gas.
Separator also comprises the device that various dependence centrifugal force separate, as hydrocyclone, and cyclone separator etc., cyclone separator a kind of.Cyclone separation process is a kind of energy-efficient stripping technique, comprises cyclone separator, flow system, pumping system and detection control system.Its key component is a cyclone separator, is called for short cyclone separator.Mixture injects cyclone separator from tangential entry with certain pressure or speed, thus in cyclone separator high speed rotating, produce centrifugal field.Under action of centrifugal force, density is big be thrown toward mutually around, and move downward along wall, discharge as underflow; Density is little move to mutually in the middle of and move upward, discharge as overflow at last, thereby reach the purpose of separation.Working principle is that feed liquid is entered with tangent direction by cylindrical portions may, rotates and produces centrifugal force, and it is more violent to come downwards to tapered segment.The liquid that solid particle in the feed liquid or density are bigger is subjected to action of centrifugal force to be thrown to wall, and along wall by flowing to outlet (underflow) under the helix.That carries in the liquid of clarification or the liquid then rises than fine particle, is gone out by the outlet overflow at center.Advantage is: (1) structure tube is single, no active part; (2) volume is little, and floor space is also little; (3) throughput is big; (4) granulometric range of Fen Liing is wider.But separation effect is lower.The normal mode that adopts what series connection or with other separation equipment fit applications, to improve its separation effect.
The separator that these rely on centrifugal power difference to separate uses when generally just having gone into operation as the oil field, and its treatment effect is good, but treating capacity is limited, and the price height, and also normal at present and gravitational separator collocation is used.
The application of gravitational separator: deaerator and three phases separator have a wide range of applications in oil field transfer station and multi-purpose station.Separator is wanted to keep good separating effect, need control its liquid level and pressure, and the attached safety and the control apparatus of some separators.
The level pressure control technique is adopted in the traditional separator liquid level and the control of pressure, promptly by external gas tank, according to separator internal pressure size, regulate the aperture of air valve door, make the separator internal pressure maintain a concrete force value, generally be applicable to the oil field that gas production is little, the stratum output object mainly is You Heshui.
For in the transformation power level control of separator, utilize the float level controller to drive oily gentle modulating valve, make its teamwork, the liquid measure of control crude oil and rock gas is finished the adjusting to liquid level in the separator, and the pressure of separator is not controlled.The level control method of transformation power can farthest reduce the throttling of oil gas vent valve, reduces the pressure of separator, improves separating effect.
(1) control of conventional separators liquid level and pressure
1.1 oil gas two phase separator
The oil gas two phase separator comes liquid to be separated into the crude oil and the rock gas of single phase gas mixture, and pressure is by the pressure controlled valve control at gas outlet place, and liquid level is regulated by the outlet valve outlet valve of controller control.
The pressure controlled valve at gas outlet place is the pneumatic diaphragm control valve etc. of direct-operated regulator or supporting pressure transmitter, controller, source of the gas normally.Outlet valve is generally the pneumatic diaphragm control valve of supporting liquid level sensor, controller, source of the gas or the fuel-displaced modulating valve of float liquor-level regulator manipulation etc.The oil gas two phase separator that has is the pressure with pneumatic diaphragm control valve control separator, handles outlet valve control separator liquid level with the float liquor-level regulator.
1.2 three phases separator
Three phases separator can also come out the part water separation in the crude oil when well product carries out gas-liquid separation.Along with Oilfield developing, the water content of produced liquid in oil well increases gradually, and the application of three-phase separator also increases gradually.Structure difference, the controlling method of three-phase separator are also different.The control principle of two kinds of typical separate devices is as follows:
(1) after the oil gas aqueous mixtures entered separator, the import shunt roughly was divided into the vapour-liquid two-phase to mixture, and liquid phase enters liquid collection section.Liquid collection section has enough volumes to make free water be settled down to bottom formation water layer, is crude oil and the emulsus oil reservoir that contains less water droplet on it.Crude oil and emulsus oil overflow above baffle plate.The pasta in baffle plate downstream is handled outlet valve by level controller and is controlled in constant height.Water is discharged from water outlet, and the oil-water interfaces controller is handled the aperture of drain valve, makes oil-water interfaces remain on the height of regulation.The pressure of separator works separator by the valve control that is located on the natural gas line under pressure stable.
(2) be provided with oil sump and baffle plate in the separator.To oil sump, control by the outlet valve that pasta is handled by level controller in the oil sump from the baffle plate overflow for crude oil.The outlet valve control that the liquid level of hydroecium is handled by level controller.The height of baffle plate is to regulate height according to the ratio of profit in the different times output liquid, makes oil-water separation more abundant.
(2) conventional separators liquid level and pressure control.
In the separator level pressure control, the pressure controlled valve on the natural gas line carries out to a certain degree throttling to rock gas, to guarantee the stable of separator internal pressure.Tolerance reduces or gas outlet pressure when reducing, and the valve throttle degree increases; Otherwise the valve throttle degree reduces.
In the control of separator liquid level, the profit outlet valve also carries out throttling to liquid.When liquid measure increased, throttle degree reduced; Liquid measure hour, throttle degree is strengthened, so that liquid level keeps stable.
For guaranteeing under the bigger situation of liquid measure can normal drainage, separator has higher pressure.But when liquid measure reduces, must make liquid level stabilizing by the profit outlet valve to the liquid throttling.Therefore in producing, separator is generally worked under higher pressure, and the liquid phase valve is in throttle.
The too high feed liquor that influences separator in the separator pressure increases the delivery outlet of terminal or metering station and wellhead back pressure, is unfavorable for oil transportation.At present, the oil well of China mostly is mechanical oil recovery, and wellhead back pressure raises, and has increased the energy consumption of recovering the oil.In addition, the saturated solution gas that contains in the oil under elevated pressures after the outlet valve throttling, when pressure descends, is separated from oil, easily makes the oil pump generation gas in the flow process of downstream turbid.Therefore higher separator pressure not only influences the separation effect of oil gas, increases energy consumption, and the influence safety in production.
(3) transformation power level control
The float level controller drives two modulating valve, a modulating valve control rock gas, and another modulating valve control crude oil is realized the adjusting of uniting of crude oil and gas outlet place valve.When float rose, linkage mechanism reduced the opening of gas circuit modulating valve, and the opening of oil circuit modulating valve increases; Otherwise when float descends, linkage mechanism will make the opening of gas circuit modulating valve increase, and the opening of oil circuit modulating valve reduces.By changing the aperture of modulating valve, change the relative discharge of rock gas and crude oil, the liquid level of separator is controlled.This controlling method is not carried out definite value control to the pressure of separator, and the pressure of separator is the pressure of gas outlet place or liquid outlet and the pressure difference sum before and after natural gas adjusting valve or the liquid control valve.When tolerance and liquid measure and separator disturbances, the pressure of separator changes, so this controlling method is transformation control.
3.1 the application of transformation power level control in the oil gas two phase separator
When the liquid measure of turnover deaerator and tolerance were constant, liquid level stabilizing was on a certain position; When the liquid measure that enters separator or tolerance change, and when liquid level is risen, the float linkage mechanism will make the opening of natural gas adjusting valve turn down, the opening of crude oil modulating valve is opened greatly, air displacement is reduced and the lifting rate increase, when the liquid measure that passes in and out separator equates with tolerance, liquid level will be stabilized on the original high position again; When the liquid measure that enters separator or tolerance change, and when liquid level is descended, the float linkage mechanism will make the opening of natural gas adjusting valve open greatly, the opening of crude oil modulating valve turns down, air displacement is increased and lifting rate reduces, when the liquid measure that passes in and out separator equates with tolerance, liquid level will be stabilized on the original low position again.Along with liquid measure that enters separator or tolerance change, the float linkage mechanism drives modulating valve and produces corresponding action, thereby liquid level is kept relative stability like this.
3.2 the application of transformation power level control in three phases separator
(1) application of transformation power level control in oil gas water three phase is separated.The control of crude oil liquid level is identical with the level control of deaerator, the drain valve control that oil-water interfaces are handled by the oil-water interfaces controller.
(2) application of transformation power level control in three phases separator.Crude oil modulating valve and natural gas adjusting valve control that the liquid level of oil sump is handled by its level controller, the liquid level in pond go out water regulating valve and natural gas adjusting valve control by what its level controller was handled.
Separator also has various safety installation, and the liquid level safety switching apparatus has: the high switch of oil-water interfaces liquid level (N1-2), and high switch of separator liquid level (S1-2) and liquid level are hanged down low switch (S2-3); The pressure security switching device has: the high/low switch of separator pressure (T), and high switch of separator pressure and pressure hang down low switch; And the pressure relief valve (F1) and the pressure security element (F2) of protection separator, when separator pressure is higher than a certain setting value, pressure relief valve and pressure security element will be opened pressure release;
The internal structure of separator comprises:
Separator inlet deflection plate (X), purpose are the flow directions that changes fluid, and gas can be separated from liquid phase;
Separator current plate (D): effect is to make liquid even at the flow velocity of separator, is unlikely to reduce the influence of separator liquid fluctuating to oil-water separation owing to entering of inlet liquid causes too great fluctuation process of the interior liquid level of separator;
Separator gas outlet demister (U): prevent that rock gas from taking away lightweight wet goods droplet, improve the recovery rate of light oil, alleviate the burden of gas downstream equipment simultaneously;
Separator oil, water out vortex broken device (Y): effect is to prevent to cause vortex, influences the separation of top profit;
Separator manhole (M1-2): manhole is the passage that the maintenance man enters separator;
Separator baffle plate (Q): be in the oil on top and water-oil emulsion and cross baffle plate and enter oil groove, thereby profit is separated;
The separator heating coil (J, H): effect is to oil water mixture heating in the separator, reduces the viscosity of crude oil, improves oil-water separation;
Also have two row's sand surfing pipelines (I) at the bottom of the separator pot, when having assembled solid sediments such as a certain amount of sand in the separator, outside pump improves high pressure water for the sand surfing pipe, go out high-speed jet water from the sand surfing pipe inspection, the solid matter that deposits is dashed, by opening slag exhausting mouth (K1-5), allow sediments discharge from slag exhausting mouth, reduce the volume that solid sediment takies separator, prolong the waiting time of oil water mixture in separator, improve the efficient of separator.
Statistics from present offshore oil production platform, nearly 90% platform all uses the gravity type three phases separator to carry out the separation of oil gas water, and this mainly is because gravitational separator processing liquid measure is big, simple to operate, low price, good separating effect etc.; Dissimilar oil-gas reservoir can use different separator control modes to reach optimum separating effect; After general stratum output liquid passes through the separation of one-level oil gas water three phase and the secondary profit further separates, oil concentration in the water just can reach the emission standard that national governments allow, the water of handling just directly enters the sea, and isolated oil gas just is transported to oil tanker by pipeline respectively or land terminal is for further processing.If gas production is smaller, gas will enter atmosphere after treatment.
We know, no matter be the level control of level pressure power control transformation power, produced liquid in oil well all has very high pressure, therefore, in order to allow output liquid in separator, have enough waiting time to separate, separator exports at water end (W.E.), oil brings out mouth and gas outlet has all been installed the flow control valve of control liquid level, these valves are realized control automatically according to the height and the pressure of profit liquid level in the separator, come the flow of the aperture control oil gas water of regulating valve, prevent that oil gas water from flowing out too quickly from separator.Have lot of energy just to consume on control valve like this, pressure energy does not obtain utilizing, and particularly for the gas field, often gas has very high energy.
Along with oil field development enters the middle and later periods, the production fluid amount increases greatly, produce water every day and can reach several ten thousand steres, some oil field even reach the hundreds of thousands cubic meter, these liquid enter separator itself and have very high pressure, for offshore oilfield, off sea the nearly 50 meters high potential differences in separator mounting point, therefore, if we install the water generating machine on off sea nearest deck, rely on and handle the huge potential energy that water had, the pushing generator generating, the electric weight that generator produced can a suitable electric weight that medium waterpower generator station can send.
For the gas field, gas all has very high pressure energy and heat energy, and present control mode is by reduction valve, is transported to pipeline then, and so most of energy just consumes on reduction valve.We can install turbine engine and replace reduction valve, natural gas flow is when turbine, its flow, pressure change through turbine static blade angle step-less adjustment, can control gas pressure at any time in a very little wave range, for example: blast-furnace top gas recovery turbine generator, generally can control blast furnace top pressure just often about ± 3kPa, during removal of load about ± 3kPa; General reduction valve group control blast furnace top pressure is about 10 ~ 20kPa, make furnace top pressure relatively stable, thereby improve the capacity factor of a blast furnace and improve furnace processor, we can use for reference this method and regulate the flow that separates gas, thereby can improve the efficient of separator;
Generator is the motor that mechanical energy is transformed into electric energy.
Generator Structure and working principle: generator is made of parts such as stator, rotor, end cap and bearings usually.
Other structural members that stator holds group, support by stator iron core, line and fixes these parts are formed.Rotor is made up of parts such as rotor iron core (or magnetic pole, magnetic grip) winding, retaining ring, center ring, slip ring, fan and rotating shafts.By bearing and the end cap stator with generator, rotor assembles, and rotor can be rotated in stator, does the motion of cutting magnetic line, thereby produces induced potential, draws by tenminal block, is connected in the loop, has just produced electric current.
The generator working principle is:
The foundation of main field: exciting winding passes to the DC excitation electric current, sets up the alternate excitation field of polarity, promptly sets up main field.
Current: three symmetrical armature winding serve as the power winding, become induced potential or faradic carrier.
Cutting movement: prime mover drags rotor rotation (to motor input mechanical energy), and the alternate excitation field of polarity rotates with axle and each phase winding of cutting stator (the conductor reverse cut excitation field that is equivalent to winding) in turn.
The generation of alternating potential: because the relative cutting movement between armature winding and the main field will induce size and Orientation by periodically variable three symmetrical alternating potentials in the armature winding.By lighting outlet, can provide ac power supply.
The form of generator is a lot, but its working principle is all based on the law of electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic force law.Therefore, the rule of its structure is: constitute magnetic circuit and the circuit that carries out electromagnetic induction mutually with suitable magnetic conduction and conductive material, to produce electromagnetic power, reach the purpose of transformation of energy.
The classification of generator can be summarized as follows:
Generator { DC generator, alternator { synchronous generator, induction generator (seldom adopting)
Generator is divided into DC generator and alternator two big classes.The latter can be divided into two kinds of synchronous generator and induction generators again.The most frequently used in the modern power station is synchronous generator.The characteristics of this generator are by the direct current (d.c.) excitation, and active power can be provided, and also can provide wattless power, can satisfy the needs of various loads.Induction generator is because exciting winding independently not, and it is simple in structure, and is easy to operate, but can not provide wattless power to load, but also need from draw the magnetizing current of hysteresis getting access to grid.Therefore must be in parallel during the induction generator operation with other synchronous machines, perhaps and connect a considerable amount of capacitors.This has limited the application area of induction generator, can only be applied to the small automatic water power plant morely.The used DC electrical source of industry such as city electric car, electrolysis, electrochemistry, the DC generator that adopt before the 1950's more.But DC generator has commutator, complex structure, and during manufacturing expenses, price is more expensive, and easy break-down, and is difficult in maintenance, and efficient is also not as alternator.So since high-power controlled rectifier comes out, had the ac power supply utilized to obtain direct current to replace the trend of DC generator through semiconductor rectifier.
Synchronous generator is divided into 3 kinds of steam turbine generator, hydraulic turbine generator and diesel generators by the difference of used prime mover.Their structural common ground are except the useful permanent magnet of micro-machine produces magnetic field, and general magnetic field all is to be produced by logical galvanic field coil, and field coil is placed on the rotor, and armature winding is placed on the stator.Because the voltage of field coil is lower, power is less, has only two terminals again, draws by slip ring easily; And armature winding voltage is higher, and power is big again, uses three phase windings more, and 3 or 4 lead ends are arranged, and is placed on the stator more convenient.The armature of generator (stator) is unshakable in one's determination to build up with silicon steel plate, to reduce iron loss.Rotor core can be made with the bloom of integral body because the magnetic flux that passes through is constant.In large-size machine,, make the material of rotor and must select the high-quality steel for use because rotor is bearing powerful centrifugal force.
The generator that steam turbine generator and steam turbine are supporting.In order to obtain higher efficient, steam turbine is generally made at a high speed, is generally 3000 rev/mins (frequency is 50 hertz) or 3600 rev/mins (frequency is 60 hertz).The high speed steam turbine generator is in order to reduce the mechanical stress that produces because of centrifugal force and to reduce the wind abrasion, and root diameter is generally done smallerly, and length is bigger, promptly adopts elongated rotor.Particularly at the high-capacity and high-speed unit more than 3000 rev/mins, because the relation of the strength of materials, root diameter is subjected to strict restriction, generally can not be above 1.2 meters.And the length of rotor body is subjected to the restriction of critical velocity.When body length reach diameter more than 6 times the time, second critical velocity of rotor will approach the running speed of motor, in service bigger vibration may take place.So the size of large high-speed rotor of steam turbo generator is subjected to strict restriction.Its rotor size of air cooling motor about 100,000 kilowatts has reached above-mentioned limit size, increase capacity motor again, has only by the electromagnetic load that increases motor and realizes.Must strengthen the cooling of motor for this reason.So the steam turbine generator more than 5~100,000 kilowatts has all adopted the hydrogen-cooled preferably or Water Cooling Technology of cooling effect.Since the seventies, the maximum capacity of steam turbine generator has reached 130~1,500,000 kilowatts.Since 1986, obtained important breakthrough aspect the research of high-tc-super conductor electric material.Superconductor technology is expected to be applied in steam turbine generator, and this will produce a new leap on the steam turbine generator development history.
The generator that hydraulic turbine generator is driven by water turbine.Because the difference of water power plant natural condition, the capacity of hydraulic generator unit and change in rotational speed scope are very big.Usually the high speed water turbine generator that drives of small hydro turbine and impulse turbine adopts horizontal type structure more, and large and medium-sized generation speed generator adopt vertical structure more.Because the water power plant majority is in the place away from the city, need through powering to the load usually than long power transmission line, therefore, electric power system has proposed higher requirement to the operation stability of hydraulic turbine generator: the parameter of electric machine needs careful the selection; Rotary inertia to rotor requires bigger.So the external form of hydraulic turbine generator is different with steam turbine generator, its root diameter is big and length short.The hydraulic generator unit starts, the needed time that is incorporated into the power networks is shorter, and traffic control is flexible, and it is suitable for especially as peak regulation unit and emergency duty unit except general generating.The maximum capacity of hydraulic generator unit has reached 700,000 kilowatts.
Water turbine is to be the transformation of energy of current the dynamic power machine of rotating mechanical energy, and it belongs to the turbomachinery in the fluid machinery.
Before and after B.C. 100 years, blank---the water wheels of water turbine have just appearred in China, are used to irrigate by lifting water to a higher level with a water pump, etc. and drive the grain processing apparatus.Modern water turbine then great majority is installed in the water power plant, is used for driving generator for electricity generation.In the water power plant, the water in the upper pond is guided water turbine into through aqueduct, promotes the rotary wheel of water turbine rotation, drives generator for electricity generation.The water of finishing merit then passes through the tail water row of conduits downstream.Head is high more, flow is big more, and the output power of water turbine is also just big more.
Water turbine can be divided into impulse turbine and reaction turbine two big classes by working principle.The runner of impulse turbine is subjected to the impact of current and rotates, and the pressure of current is constant in the working procedure, mainly is the conversion of kinetic energy; The runner of reaction turbine is subjected to the reaction force of current and rotates in water, the pressure of current energy and kinetic energy all change in the working procedure, but mainly is the conversion of pressure energy.
Impulse turbine can be divided into formula of hitting of cutting (claiming water bucket type again) and tilt-impulse type two classes by the flow direction of current.The structure and the Pelton wheel of inclined-jet turbine are basic identical, and just jet direction has an inclination angle, only is used for small-sized unit.
Reaction turbine can be divided into mixed-flow, axial flow, diagonal flow type and tubular.In Francis turbine, water flow path axially flows out runner to entering water distributor; In axial flow hydraulic turbine, water flow path is to entering stator, axially enters and flows out runner; In inclined flow turbine, water flow path flows to runner to entering stator with the direction that favours a certain angle of main shaft, or flows to stator and runner with the direction that favours main shaft; In tubular turbine, current flow to stator and runner vertically.
Axial flow, tubular and inclined flow turbine also can be divided into by its structure decides oar formula and rotary propeller type.Deciding the runner bucket of oar formula fixes; The runner bucket of rotary propeller type can be in operation and rotate around sharf, to adapt to the variation of head and load.
Various types of reaction turbines all are provided with water feed apparatus, and the water feed apparatus of large and medium-sized vertical shaft reaction turbine generally is made up of spiral case, fixed guide vane and movable guide vane.The effect of spiral case is that current are evenly distributed to around the runner.
In reaction turbine, current are full of whole runner channel, and all blade is subjected to the effect of current simultaneously, so under same head, runner diameter is less than impulse turbine.Their peak efficiency also is higher than impulse turbine, but when load variations, the efficient of water turbine is subjected to influence in various degree.
Reaction turbine all is provided with draft tube, and its effect is: the kinetic energy that reclaims outlet of rotary wheel place current; Current row downstream; When the mounting point of runner was higher than the level of tail water, this potential energy is converted into pressure can be reclaimed.For the water turbine of the big flow of low water head, the outlet kinetic energy of runner is relatively large, and the recyclability of draft tube has appreciable impact to the efficient of water turbine.
Axial flow hydraulic turbine is applicable to the power station than low water head.Under identical head, its specific speed is high than Francis turbine.The vanes fixed of fixed-blade propeller turbine on web, the blade angle change that can not be in operation, efficiency curve is steeper, being applicable to that load variations is little maybe can be with adjusting the power station that unit operation platform number adapt to load variations.
Movable propeller turbine is that Austrian engineer's Kapp orchid is in the nineteen twenty invention, so claim Kaplan turbine again.Its runner bucket is generally by the oil pressure servomotor operation that is contained in the web, can do corresponding rotation by head and load variations, cooperate with the optimum between maintenance movable guide vane corner and blade rotating angle, thereby improve average efficiency, what the peak efficiency of this class water turbine had surpasses 94%.
The stator of tubular turbine and the essentially no break-in of the current between runner are flowed, and add the employing conical draft tube, and current drainage needn't be turned in draft tube, so efficient height, conveyance capacity is big, and the specific speed height is specially adapted to head and is 3~20 meters low-head hydroelectric plant.This water turbine is contained in the tidal power station can also realize two-way generating.This water turbine has multiple structure, and using maximum is bulb turbine.
The generator of bulb-style unit is contained in the bulb of watertight.Its runner both can be designed to decide the oar formula, also can be designed to rotary propeller type.Zui Da bulb turbine (rotary propeller type) is contained in second power station, Roc island of the U.S. in the world, and 12.1 meters at head, rotating speed are 85.7 rev/mins, and runner diameter is 7.4 meters, and single-machine capacity is 54 megawatts, puts into operation in 1978.
Francis turbine is most popular in the world a kind of water turbine, is invented in 1849 by U.S. engineer Mark Lewis-Francis, so claim Francis turbine again.Compare with axial-flow rotary propeller type, its structure is simpler, and peak efficiency is also than the height of axial flow, but when head and load variations were big, average efficiency was lower than the axial-flow rotary propeller type, and what the peak efficiency of this class water turbine had surpasses 95%.The head scope that Francis turbine is suitable for is very wide, is 5~700 meters, is 40~300 meters but adopt maximum.
The runner of mixed-flow generally with low carbon steel or low alloy steel castings, perhaps adopts cast-weld construction.Be to improve anti-cavitation and resisting silt abrasion performance, can be at easy cavitation erosion position built-up welding stainless steel, or adopt stainless steel blade, also can adopt stainless steel by whole runner sometimes.Adopt cast-weld construction to reduce cost, and make channel size more accurate, water passage surface is more smooth, helps improving the efficient of water turbine, can also make blade, crown and following ring with different materials respectively.
Inclined flow turbine is that Switzerland engineer Delhi is second to invention in 1956, so claim the Delhi inferior water turbine again.Being contained on the web of its blade lean, along with the variation of head and load, the oil pressure servomotor operation blade in the web is around the corresponding rotation of its axis.Its peak efficiency is lower than Francis turbine slightly, but average efficiency is much higher than Francis turbine; Compare with the axial-flow rotary propeller water turbine, cavitation resistive property is better, and runaway speed is lower, is applicable to 40~120 meters heads.
The mankind just begin to utilize geothermal power a long time ago, for example utilize hot spring shower, medical treatment, utilize geothermal water heating, construction crops greenhouse, aquaculture and oven dry cereal etc.But real thermal resource epistemically and to carry out fairly large development and use be to start from 20 middle of century.The utilization of geothermal power can be divided into geothermal power generation and directly utilize two big classes, and the scope that may utilize for the geothermal fluid of different temperatures is as follows:
1,200~400 ℃ of direct generation of electricity and comprehensive utilization;
2,150~200 ℃ of two circulating generations, refrigeration, industrially drying, industrial hot working;
3,100~150 ℃ of two circulating generations, heating, refrigeration, industrially drying, dehydration processing is reclaimed salt, canned foods;
4,50~100 ℃ of heating, greenhouse, home-use hot water, industrially drying;
5,20~50 ℃ of showers, aquaculture, raise livestock, soil is heated, dehydration processing;
Present many countries are in order to improve the geothermal utilization rate, and adopt the way of cascade development and comprehensive utilization, and as the cogeneration of heat and power alliance, heating-cooling-power cogeneration heats earlier and afterwards cultures etc.
In recent years, abroad, just directly utilize, attach great importance to the non-electricity utilization of geothermal power.Because carry out geothermal power generation, the thermal efficiency is low, the temperature requirement height.The so-called thermal efficiency is low.In other words, since the difference of underground heat type, the difference of the steam turbine type that is adopted, the thermal efficiency generally has only 6.4~18.6%, and most heat consumes in vain.So-called temperature requirement height in other words, utilizes the geothermal power generating, to the temperature requirement of underground hot water or steam, and generally all will be more than 150 ℃; Otherwise, will seriously influence its Economy.And the direct utilization of geothermal power, not only the loss of energy is much smaller, and also much lower to the temperature requirement of underground hot water, all can utilize from 15~180 ℃ of wide like this temperature ranges.In thermal resource fully, in this class, low-temperature geothermal resource is very abundant, and is much bigger more than the high-temperature geothermal resource.But the direct utilization of geothermal power also has its narrow limitation, owing to be subjected to the restriction of heat-carrying agent one delivery distance, in general, thermal source should not be from far away excessively with the cities and towns or the residential area of heat; Not so, investment is many, and loss is big, and is less economical, is not worth it.
The direct utilization development of geothermal power is very rapid at present, All aspects of such as industrial processes, civil heating and air-conditioning, bathing, medical treatment, agricultural greenhouse, field irrigation, soil are heated, aquaculture, its feeding have been widely used in, receive good economic technology benefit, saved the energy.The direct utilization of geothermal power, technical requirements is lower, and equipment needed thereby is also comparatively simple and easy.In the system that directly utilizes underground heat, although can directly utilize underground heat because of the content of salt in the terrestrial heat flow and silt is very low sometimes, all be terrestrial heat flow to be drawn up usually with pump, re-use after becoming hot gas and hydrothermal solution by heat exchanger.These systems all are the simplest, use be conventional ready-made parts.
Heat source temperature major part used in the direct uses for geothermal energy is all more than 40 ℃.If utilize heat pump techniques, temperature is 20 ℃ or is lower than 20 ℃ hydrothermal sources and also can be taken as a kind of thermal source and uses (for example U.S., Canada, France, Sweden and other national ways).The working principle of heat pump is identical with household electric refrigerator, and only refrigerator is actually unidirectional defeated heat pump, and geothermal heat pump then can two-way defeated warm.In winter, it extracts heat from the earth, offers dwelling house or building (heat supply mode) then; In summer, it extracts heat from dwelling house or building, offers the earth then again and stores (air conditioning mode).No matter be any circulation, water all is heating and stores, and has brought into play the function whole or part of an independent hot water heater.Because electric current can only be used for conducting heat, can not be used for producing heat, so terrestrial heat pump can provide the energy higher 3~4 times than the energy of autophage.It can use in very wide global warming scope.In the U.S., terrestrial heat pump system every year is with 20% growth rate development, and also will continue development with double-digit good growth future.According to american energy information management office prediction, to the year two thousand thirty terrestrial heat pump will provide energy for heating, heat radiation and water heating up to the 68Mt oil equivalent.
For geothermal power generation,, utilize its good mode to generate electricity exactly if the temperature of geothermal resources is enough high.The electricity that sends both can be supplied with public electric wire net, also can be local industrial processes power is provided.Under the normal condition, it is used to the base load generating, only under special circumstances, just is used for the peak load generating.Its reason, the one, difficult to the control ratio of peak load, the fouling of container and etching problem in case the liquid in container and the turbo machine is discontented and allow air enter, fouling and etching problem will occur besides.
Geothermal energy utilization plays an important role aspect following four.
1. geothermal power generation
Geothermal power generation is the most important mode of geothermal utilization.The high-temperature geothermal fluid should at first be applied to generating.The principle of geothermal power generation and thermal power generation is the same, all is to utilize the heat energy of steam to change mechanical energy in steam turbine, drives generator for electricity generation then.Different is, geothermal power generation does not resemble and will have huge boiler the thermal power generation, does not need consume fuel yet, and its used energy is exactly geothermal power.The process of geothermal power generation at first changes underground heat energy into mechanical energy exactly, and then the process that transforms mechanical energy into electricity.Utilize underground heat energy, at first need " heat-loading body " underground heat energy is taken on the ground.The heat-loading body that can be utilized by geothermal power station mainly is underground natural steam and hot water at present.Different according to heat-loading body type, temperature, pressure and other characteristic, but the mode of BADIRE generating is divided into steam type geothermal power generation and hot-water type geothermal power generation two big classes.
(1) steam type geothermal power generation
The steam type geothermal power generation is directly induce one Turbo-generator Set generating of the dry steam in the natural-steam field, but contained landwaste and water droplet separated in should be steam before the generator set that induces one.This generation mode is the simplest, but the dry steam geothermal resources are very limited, and is stored in darker stratum more, and the exploitation technology difficulty is big, so development is restricted (with reference to the relevant article of " resource " column).Mainly contain two kinds of power generation systems of back pressure type and condensed steam type.
(2) hot-water type geothermal power generation
The hot-water type geothermal power generation is the main mode of geothermal power generation.There are the two kinds of circulatory system: a, flash system in hot-water type geothermal power station at present.Flash system as shown in Figure 1.When high-pressure water heating is evacuated to ground from hot well, in pressure reduce part hot water can seethe with excitement also " flash distillation " become steam, steam is delivered to the steam turbine acting; And the hot water after separating can continue to utilize the back to discharge, certainly re-injection people stratum more preferably.B, binary cycle system.The flow process of binary cycle system as shown in Figure 2.The geothermal water heat exchanger of at first flowing through is passed to another kind of lower boiling working fluid with geothermal power, makes it boiling and produces steam.Steam advances people's steam turbine laggard people's vapour condenser that does work, and finishes power generation cycle by heat exchanger again.Geothermal water is then from heat exchanger re-injection people stratum.This system is particularly suitable for that salinity is big, corrosivity is strong and the high geothermal resources of incondensable gas content.The key technology of development binary cycle system is to develop heat exchanger efficiently.
2. geothermal heating system
It is the geothermal utilization mode that is only second to geothermal power generation that geothermal power is directly used in heating, heat supply and heat supply water.Because this simple, the good economy performance of mode of utilizing, extremely various countries pay attention to, and particularly are positioned at the western countries of extremely frigid zones, and wherein Iceland develops preferably.This state has just built up first heat-supply system based upon geothermal energy in the world as far back as nineteen twenty-eight in the Reykjavik, capital, this heating system has developed very perfectly now, per hour can use for 110,000 residents of the whole city from the underground hot water that extracts 7740t80 ℃.Owing to do not have towering chimney, Iceland capital to be described as " cleaning smokeless city in the world most ".Utilize underground heat to give factory's heat supply in addition, as the thermal source as dried grain and food, the thermal source that is used as production processes such as silicious marl production, timber, papermaking, process hides, weaving, wine brewing, sugaring also is coming.At present maximum two tame geothermal applications factories are exactly the silicious marl factory and the Zelanian paper oar processing factory of Iceland in the world.It is also very fast that China utilizes geothermal heating system and heat supply water to develop, and become mode the most general in the geothermal utilization in Beijing-Tianjin area.
3. underground heat is engaged in agriculture
The application area of underground heat in agricultural is very wide.As utilize the suitable geothermal water irrigated farmland of temperature, can make the precocious volume increase of crops; Utilize geothermal water to breed fish, but under 28 ℃ of water temperatures the fattening of accelerating fish, improve the rate of output of fish; Utilize underground heat to build the greenhouse, seedling, plant vegetables and grow flower; Utilize underground heat to heat, improve the output of biogas etc. to biomass pool.It is increasingly extensive in China that geothermal power is directly used in agricultural, and ground such as Beijing, Tianjin, Tibet and Yunnan all have the geothermal hothouse that area differs in size.Various places also utilize underground heat to greatly develop aquaculture, as cultivating bacterial classification, culturing African crucian, eel, tilapia, Macrobrachium rosenbergii etc.
4. underground heat is practised medicine
Underground heat has tempting prospect in the application of medical field, and thermal mineral water just is regarded as a kind of resource of preciousness at present, and all treasure very much countries in the world.Because geothermal water from the very dark underground ground of extracting, except that temperature is higher, often contains some special chemical elements, thereby makes it have certain medical effect.As the mineral water that closes carbonic acid supplies to drink can regulate hydrochloric acid in gastric juice, balance human body acid-base degree; After ferruginous spring water is drunk, can treat the iron deficiency anemia; Hydrogen spring, the bathing of sulphur water hydrogen spring can be treated neurasthenia and arthritis, dermatosis etc.Because the medical function of hot spring and special geological, the geomorphologic conditions of following hot spring to occur make hot spring usually become the tourist attraction, inhale bow and be afraid of crowd person of recuperating and traveller.In Japan more than 1500 hot spring sanatorium just arranged, annual 100000000 people of attraction recuperate to these sanatorium.China utilizes ground heat cure disease with a long history, and the hot spring that contains various mineral elements is numerous, therefore gives full play to the effect of practising medicine of underground heat, and the Development of Hot Spring industry of recuperating is well worth doing.
Following along with the development of high-tech relevant with geothermal utilization, will make people can find out more geothermal resources more accurately; Bore darker drilling well underground heat is taken out from the depths, stratum, so geothermal utilization also will advance the stage of a develop rapidly of people.
Geothermal power station is divided into two kinds of steam type and hot-water types by generation mode.The former directly utilizes the superheated vapor of the tool certain pressure of geothermal well ejection to send into the Steam Turbine Driven generator for electricity generation; Steam water interface with certain pressure and temperature or hot water that the latter then utilizes geothermal well to gush out are by flash system or double-circuit system generating.
Hot water at first enters the decompression and expansion device in the flash distillation underground heat e power generation system, makes hot water become lower steam of pressure and water, and steam is delivered to the steam turbine acting.If the underground heat well head is a wet vapor, then be introduced into steam-water separator, the vapour of separating is delivered to the steam turbine acting, and the water of separating enters the decompression and expansion device again.
In the double circulation system for geothermal production of electricity, geothermal water is just drained after entering vaporizer and preheater.The low boiling working fluid vaporization of heating in vaporizer and preheater enters the steam turbine acting, and preheater is returned by working medium pump in the cooling back of condensing, and enters next cycle period.
Give an example; old oil production platforms of South China Sea; the oil field has entered the exploitation middle and later periods at present; moisture content constantly rises; in order to keep stable yields or to delay the output rate of descent; adopting liquid measure increases; arrange the seawater amount its every day and reach nearly 6 ten thousand steres; the potential energy that these glassware for drinking waters have is amounted to into head nearly 70 meters; if we utilize these energy of handling water to promote hydraulic turbine generator and generate electricity; generator power can reach nearly 400Kw; can produce 10,000 degree electric energy every day; because platform production is to carry out continuously for a long time; there is not dry season; as long as ordinary production; head is changeless; and the also not too large fluctuation in a period of time of total flow; and the flow of water only can reduce hardly because of the production fluid amount increases, and will produce nearly 3,000,000 degree electric energy so every year; direct economic benefit is huge; the annual burning that can reduce by more than 1000 ton of fossil fuel if promote in oil field, the whole world, will significantly reduce the discharging of greenhouse gases so; directly alleviate the use of greenhouse effect and fossil fuel effectively, protect our environment of depending on for existence and the energy crisis of alleviating growing tension.
Summary of the invention
The present invention utilizes above-mentioned existing generation technology, at the energy dissipation problem of separator, the solution of proposition is: a kind of water and mechanical energy, heat energy and the pressure energy promotion water turbine of gas and method and device thereof that steam turbine carries out comprehensive electric generating that utilizes after oil gas water separator is handled is provided.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A kind of method of utilizing the isolated fluid comprehensive electric generating of oil gas water separator, the oil gas water three phase mixture of stratum output is carried out separating treatment earlier with oil gas water separator, fluid after the separating treatment enters generator unit, promotes generator unit with the mechanical energy of fluid, heat energy or pressure energy and generates electricity.
Described generator unit is the hydroelectric generator unit, and the water after oil gas water separator is handled is discharged the laggard hydroelectric generator unit of going into by the water out pipeline, and this hydroelectric generator unit will produce the pressure energy and the mechanical energy driving generator for electricity generation of water.
Described generator unit is the ground hot cell, and the ground hot cell is connected on the outlet water pipeline of hydroelectric generator unit or the separator outlet pipeline, directly carries out geothermal utilization.
Described generator unit is the turbine engine generator unit, and the gas after oil gas water separator is handled enters the turbine engine generator unit by the gas outlet pipeline, the gas-powered steam turbine generator unit generating after oil gas water separator is handled.
Described oil gas water separator carries out separating treatment with the oil gas water three phase mixture of stratum output, separator is gravitational separator or cyclone separator, gravitational separator relies on the density difference between them, under gravitational differentiation, they are separated into oil, the container of water and rock gas, cyclone separator relies on the generation centrifugal force that rotatablely moves.
Described oil gas water separator can come the size of air content in the liquid according to the stratum, uses the control of level pressure power liquid level or uses the control of transformation power liquid level.
Be used to realize the device of said method, this device comprises oil gas water primary separator and profit second-stage separator, the water out control valve, the water out pipeline, gas outlet pipeline and gas outlet control valve, it is characterized in that described water out pipeline links to each other with the hydroelectric generator unit or the gas outlet pipeline links to each other with the turbine engine generator unit or the water out pipeline links to each other with the geothermal power generation unit, the water out control valve can rely on the hydroelectric generator unit load to adjust the saliva flow, and export gas flow gas outlet control valve can rely on turbine engine generator unit load to regulate the outlet gas discharge.
Described generator unit comprises the generator water pipeline, water pipeline inlet butterfly valve, rapid cut-off valve, generator, pressure is drained pipeline, the water pipeline pressure relief valve, the bypass flowing line, the bypass line control valve, described water pipeline is connecting the water out pipeline, it is the take-off line of water pipeline that described pressure is drained pipeline, and described bypass flowing line is in parallel with the generator water pipeline.
Described oil gas water separator can come the size of air content in the liquid according to the stratum, uses the control of level pressure power liquid level or uses the control of transformation power liquid level.
The oil-water interfaces of described oil gas water separator can use the oil-water interfaces controller to handle the aperture of separator water out valve, the oil-water interfaces controller can with the common cooperating of generator, make oil-water interfaces remain on the height of regulation.
Described generator unit comprises hydroelectric generator, described hydroelectric generator can be according to the data of oil field long-term production, calculate the possible water yield and the head size of water pipeline, select different generator type and structural type, hydroelectric generator can be installed in any suitable place.
The hydroelectric generator of described generator unit is connected on the downstream line of water out, current rely on pressure energy and the mechanical energy of self, enter generator, drive engine impeller and rotate, discharge effect that can part place of water outlet pressure control valve during generator work then from generator outlet.
Described generator unit also comprises the flowing line pressure relief valve, and described flowing line pressure relief valve can be backed down under the force value condition of setting automatically, drains the part current of flowing line, and isolated water is in time discharged.
Described generator unit also comprises the draining bypass line, and the instruction that described draining bypass line valve is controlled in receiving can be opened fast, and water is in time discharged by bypass line.
Described generator unit comprises generator inlet butterfly valve, and described generator inlet butterfly valve can cut out rapidly or open according to instruction.
Described generator unit comprises water pipeline, above-mentioned water pipeline is connecting the water out pipeline, water pipeline also can have other recirculation water of production and import, generator unit can merge use and also can utilize recirculation water separately, accomplishes to use as much as possible the energy of other recirculation waters to carry out hydroelectric power.
Described turbogenerator unit comprises: the turbine engine bleed air lines, the inlet butterfly valve, rapid cut-off valve, turbine engine, gas is drained pipeline, pressure relief valve, the bypass line valve, the by-pass stack line is characterized in that described blowdown line is the take-off line of generator bleed air lines, bypass line and the parallel connection of turbine engine bleed air lines.
Described turbine engine generator unit comprises turbogenerator, described turbine engine is connecting bleed air lines, turbogenerator has replaced conventional reduction valve group, rock gas relies on pressure energy and the heat energy that has, enter turbine engine, drive turbine engine expansion acting, pressure can be converted into mechanical energy, drive generator for electricity generation.
Describedly comprise turbogenerator in the turbogenerator unit, described turbine function is according to oil field long-term production data, calculate the pressure that comes tolerance and rock gas of gas outlet, select different generator patterns, generator can be installed in any suitable place.
Described turbogenerator unit comprises pressure drainage pipeline, and escape pipe linear pressure safety valve can be backed down automatically reaching under the force value condition of setting, drains the portion gas of gas outlet line.
The instruction that described exhaust bypass line valve is controlled in receiving can be opened rapidly, and rock gas is in time discharged by bypass line.
Described gas enter the inlet butterfly valve of turbine engine and rapid cut-off valve can according in the control instruction close rapidly.
The electric power that described generator produced can be incorporated major network into, can offer the whole oil filed productive life and use.
Described hydroelectric generator outlet or bypass line are connected with the geothermal power generation unit, the geothermal power generation unit is with the hot water delivery heat exchanger, the geothermal power of water is passed to another kind of lower boiling working fluid in heat exchanger, make working medium boiling vaporization, lower boiling working substance steam enters vapour condenser after entering the steam turbine acting, finish power generation cycle by heat exchanger again, steam medium is through the vapour condenser cooling, be condensed into liquid, recycle pump pumps into steam generator with working medium, reenter next cycle period, production water is through over-heat-exchanger re-injection people stratum or arrange extra large.
The present invention is achieved in that for the oil field that is in the exploitation middle and later periods, the stratum output object mainly is You Heshui, we install hydraulic turbine generator earlier in oil and water seperator water out downstream, utilize the pressure energy and the mechanical energy of producing water, promote prime mover wheel rotation, generator is dragged the synchronous generator rotor of DC excitation with rotation speed n (rpm) rotation by prime mover, according to electromagnetic induction principle, the threephase stator winding is just responded to generation and exchanged electromotive force.
The position that hydraulic turbine generator is installed preferably is chosen in off sea nearest place, can make current have maximum head like this, thus will make the generated energy increase because generator power output and head relation in direct ratio;
The glassware for drinking water that comes out from hydroelectric generator has very high heat energy, water is imported steam generator, in the steam exchanger, carry out heat exchange, give other lower boiling working fluid mediums with the thermal energy transfer of output water, medium heat absorption evaporation, a large amount of heat exchanges produces a large amount of steam, steam enters turbine engine, the driving turbine engine rotates, and the medium that comes out from turbine engine enters vapour condenser, by adding cooling water or other freezing mixtures, make low boiling work be condensed into liquid state, through recycle pump, medium reenters steam generator, enters next cycle period.
Outlet hot water also can adopt flash distillation geothermal power generation method, at first hot water is imported the decompression and expansion device, makes hot water become lower steam of pressure and water, and steam is delivered to the steam turbine acting.If the underground heat well head is a wet vapor, then be introduced into steam-water separator, the vapour of separating is delivered to the steam turbine acting, and the water of separating enters the decompression and expansion device again, generates electricity again.
For the large-scale natural gas field, what handle in the separator mainly is natural G﹠O, at gas outlet turbine engine is installed, and rock gas is done work by turbo-expander, and its pressure energy and heat energy are converted into mechanical energy, drives generator and generates electricity.
The present invention utilizes the beneficial effect of oil gas water separator complementary energy top pressure power generation method and device thereof to be: use water and gas after oil gas water separator is handled, fully utilize pressure energy, heat energy and gravitational potential energy that they have, promote prime mover wheel rotation, drive the method for generator for electricity generation.The generator that is installed in the outlet of water out or gas can partly substitute out the effect of water regulating valve and gas outlet pressure controlled valve, can make oil and water seperator satisfy the field output variation and not influence under the prerequisite of its proper functioning, realize utilizing overbottom pressure promotion water turbine or the gas-turbine of producing discharge water and process gas to generate electricity, realize the utilization of complementary energy overbottom pressure; Separate the glassware for drinking water that produces very high heat energy is arranged, can utilize the heat energy of water, the generating of driving steam turbine, also can utilize geothermal heating system, realize the comprehensive high-efficiency utilization of stratum output object energy, for the oil field provides the electric power energy of cleanliness without any pollution, thereby reduce the consumption of fossil energy, realize energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the oil gas water separator structural representation;
Fig. 2 utilizes separator to separate the process flow diagram that water outlet is generated electricity;
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram that the rock gas that utilizes separator to separate generates electricity;
Fig. 4 is the geothermal power generation flow chart.
Embodiment
Referring to figs. 1 through Fig. 4, the present invention implements like this:
The present invention utilizes oil gas water separator outlet overbottom pressure complementary energy method for power generation by waste heat constituent element to comprise: oil gas water primary separator and oil gas water second-stage separator, water outlet pipeline, flow line, exhaust line, oil export pressure controlled valve, water out control valve, the gas discharge control valve, hydroelectric generator, pressure relief valve, bypass line, the geothermal power generation unit comprises: steam generator, steam turbine, vapour condenser, recycle pump, the geothermal power generation machine.
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of separator outlet water generating of the present invention.The principle that the inventive method is implemented is: stratum output oil gas aqueous mixtures enters separator from separator inlet, under the effect of inlet hydraulic barrier, gas is spun off from mixture, becomes independent gas phase, is distributed in the top of container; Oil water mixture enters liquid collecting room, because oil and water are immiscible, therefore the profit layering appears, crude oil begins upwards to assemble, water accumulates in the separator below, the mesosphere is the water-oil emulsion layer, we are by adding demulsifier, utilize the chemical action of demulsifier that oil and water separation in the oil-water mixture of emulsification shape are come, make it to reach the purpose of the dehydration of crude oil, make oil and water separation faster more thorough, the height of controllable register can be controlled the liquid measure in the pond of deoiling, thereby can regulate the height of the flow control oil sump of oil export by regulating the oil export control valve; The current of bottom are discharged by the water out pipeline, we install hydraulic turbine generator (27) on the downstream line of water out valve, part substitutes conventional reduction valve (19), makes the part pressure energy of current pass to generator, reduces the energy consumption on the water out reduction valve; The interior water conservancy of outlet line (7) the bigger pressure energy that has, and the generator mounting point is low, the outlet glassware for drinking water has very high head, enter prime mover, promote prime mover wheel rotation, prime mover drags rotor rotation (to motor input mechanical energy), the alternate excitation field of polarity rotates with axle and each phase winding of cutting stator (the conductor reverse cut excitation field that is equivalent to winding) in turn, because the relative cutting movement between armature winding and the main field will induce size and Orientation by periodically variable three symmetrical alternating potentials in the armature winding.By lighting outlet, can provide Ac, for the oil field provides life or production electricity consumption.
When generator needs repairing or overhaul, we can open the bypass line valve, close water pipeline inlet valve and push-pull valve, and current are all discharged from bypass line, at this moment use the outlet reduction valve to regulate the flow of water out, maintain stable position with the liquid level of controlling separator.
When generator can not in time be discharged current, the outlet line back pressure increases, at this moment pressure relief valve will be opened and carry out draining, the setting value of pressure relief valve can be than high one to two kPas of normal line pressures, concrete setting value can according to circumstances be decided, and is convenient in time the water of pipeline be discharged the proper functioning that does not influence separator.
When generator is started working, can at first open inlet butterfly valve and rapid cut-off valve and push-pull valve, make the part current enter water pipeline, the driving generator is turned over, at this moment can slowly load, when generator can get into smooth, can be with the bypass line valve closing, current are all flowed out from generator, and thermal electric generator unit, inflow place carries out the heat energy utilization of water.
The working principle of geothermal power generation unit is: with hydroelectric generator outlet or the next hot water delivery heat exchanger of bypass line, generally can reach 90 degrees centigrade through the isolated stratum water temperature of separator, contain a large amount of heat energy, in heat exchanger, the geothermal power of water passed to another kind of lower boiling working fluid, as isobutane or isopentane, make it boiling and generation steam.Lower boiling working substance steam enters vapour condenser after entering the steam turbine acting, finishes power generation cycle by heat exchanger again.Steam medium is condensed into liquid through the vapour condenser cooling, and recycle pump pumps into heat exchanger with working medium, reenters next cycle period.Geothermal water is then from heat exchanger re-injection people stratum or row sea.This system is particularly suitable for that salinity is big, corrosivity is strong and the high geothermal resources of incondensable gas content, and therefore, it is feasible utilizing reservoir formation water to carry out geothermal power generation.
Outlet hot water also can adopt the method for flash distillation geothermal power generation, at first hot water is imported the decompression and expansion device, makes hot water become lower steam of pressure and water, and steam is delivered to the steam turbine acting.If the underground heat well head is a wet vapor, then be introduced into steam-water separator, the vapour of separating is delivered to the steam turbine acting, and the water of separating enters the decompression and expansion device again, generates electricity again.
The process structure schematic representation of separator outlet water generating of the present invention comprises: separator inlet (1), oil gas water primary separator (13), profit second-stage separator (17), generator (27), primary separator gas outlet pressure controlled valve (11), primary separator water out control valve (14), primary separator oil export control valve (15), secondary oil and water seperator gas pressure modulating valve (16), external gas tank (18), secondary oil and water seperator water out control valve (19), secondary oil and water seperator oil export oil recovery pump (20), flowing line (7), bypass line (9), bypass line valve (25), inlet butterfly valve (22), plate (23), pressure is drained pipeline (8), pressure relief valve (24).
The method that the present invention utilizes underground heat to generate electricity, underground heat technological process constituent element comprises: steam generator, steam turbine, vapour condenser, recycle pump, generator.
Because stratum water may occur in the tube wall fouling, thereby block pipeline, therefore need inject boiler compound at the generator inlet.
Fig. 3 is the process flow diagram of separator gas outlet gas generating of the present invention.For the gas field, the high pressure-temperature rock gas that the stratum output is a large amount of, after the hydrocarbon stratum aqueous mixtures enters separator, under the effect of inlet baffle, oil gas begins to separate, gas is up walked, liquid flows to the separator bottom, flow to second-stage separator by outlet valve (43) profit and do further processing, gas is removed the droplet in the gas by mist eliminator, discharges from gas outlet, we install turbine engine (35) in the gas outlet line downstream, turbine engine substitutes the effect of raw-gas outlet line reduction valve (44), because natural gas flow is when turbine engine, and flow, pressure can change through turbine static blade angle step-less adjustment, can control gas pressure and flow at any time in a very little wave range, so turbine engine can be regulated pressure and liquid level in the separator; Exit gas relies on pressure energy and the heat energy of self simultaneously, enters turbine engine, drives turbine engine and rotates, and turbine engine is generated electricity, for the oil field provides life or production electricity consumption.
When turbine engine needs repairing or break down, can give the bypass line valve by the controller transmission signal, the bypass line valve is in time opened, then rapid cut-off valve is closed, push-pull valve and inlet butterfly valve also will be closed, by bypass line rock gas is discharged, at this moment can use the gas outlet pressure controlled valve to come the pressure and the flow of adjustments of gas outlet, the liquid level of keeping separator is at settling position.
Working when turbine engine, gas is discharged untimely, and the outlet line back pressure increases, and at this moment pressure relief valve may be backed down according to setting value, and portion gas is discharged from blowdown line, makes turbine engine can not influence the separator ordinary production.
When turbogenerator is started working, can at first open inlet butterfly valve and rapid cut-off valve, make the part rock gas enter bleed air lines, the driving generator is turned over, at this moment can slowly load, when generator can get into smooth, again the bypass line valve slowly be closed, rock gas is all flowed out from generator, make turbine engine replace the effect of reduction valve group.
Separator gas outlet gas electricity-generating method flowage structure schematic representation of the present invention comprises: bypass line valve (30), gas access butterfly valve (31), plate (32), air venting pipeline (33), pressure relief valve (34), turbogenerator (35), repid cut-off valve (36), gas generating pipeline (37), total air escape pipe line (38), demister (40), secondary oil and water seperator (42), primary separator liquid outlet valve (43), by-pass stack line (44), oil gas primary separator (45).
At first how explanation realizes utilizing the water of oil and water seperator water out and the high pressure air of deaerator gas outlet to carry out comprehensive electric generating:
The water and the oil of oilfield separator processing every day reach tens thousand of cubic meters, and the moisture content at present a lot of oil fields reaches 90%, therefore produce tens thousand of cubic metres water every day, and these glassware for drinking waters have bigger pressure energy, and off sea also have very high potential difference, so Duo water and glassware for drinking water have so high head, be similar to a little reservoir, we can utilize the potential energy of water, in off sea nearest place hydraulic turbine generator is installed, is arranged the water in the extra large pipeline (7), the mechanical energy of water is changed into the kinetic energy of prime mover (27), the rotation of prime mover driven rotor, thereby realize rotor being rotated in stator, do the motion of cutting magnetic line to motor input mechanical energy, thereby generation induced potential, draw by tenminal block, be connected in the loop, produce electric current, realization changes the mechanical energy of the potential energy transformation stator of water into electric energy, promptly the most basic hydroelectric generator electricity generating principle again.
Hydroelectric generator goes out the principle that saliva carries out geothermal power generation: the hot water delivery heat exchanger that hydroelectric generator outlet or bypass line are come, contain a large amount of heat energy owing to produce water, the geothermal power of water is passed to another kind of lower boiling working fluid in heat exchanger, as isobutane or isopentane, make working medium boiling vaporization.Lower boiling working substance steam enters vapour condenser after entering the steam turbine acting, finishes power generation cycle by heat exchanger again.Steam medium is condensed into liquid through the vapour condenser cooling, and recycle pump pumps into heat exchanger with working medium, reenters next cycle period, and production water is through over-heat-exchanger re-injection people stratum or arrange extra large.
Deaerator for the gas field, the stratum output mainly be pressurized gas and oil, the pressure of gas may be up to several MPas, therefore, turbogenerator also can be installed replace conventional reduction valve group, be similar to blast-furnace top gas recovery turbine generator, blast-furnace top gas recovery turbine generator is pressure energy and the heat energy that utilizes coal gas to have, coal gas is done work by turbo-expander, be translated into mechanical energy, drive generator for electricity generation or drive a kind of second energy recovering device of other device.We can install turbine engine and replace reduction valve, and natural gas flow is when turbine, and its flow, pressure change through turbine static blade angle step-less adjustment, can control gas pressure at any time in a very little wave range.Therefore we can install the overbottom pressure turbine generator at gas outlet, turbine engine is installed is replaced reduction valve, utilize the overbottom pressure waste heat of rock gas, and rock gas is done work by turbo-expander, and pressure can be converted into mechanical energy, drive generator for electricity generation.
Secondly the proper functioning that how to realize utilizing the overbottom pressure power generating by remain energy of water and gas and do not influence oil gas water separator is described:
Separator all is equipped with oil export valve (15), the gas outlet valve (11 of automatic adjusting liquid level in each outlet, 16), the water out valve (14,19), make the oil-water interfaces liquid level maintain a stable status, during normal steady production, production fluid amount great fluctuation process very not in stratum is little as long as the aperture of the aperture of water valve and fuel tap changes in one period, separator is the energy steady production just, equally also can not influence generator for electricity generation.
Close the stopping time as well, water valve and fuel tap can be regulated automatically according to the setting value of profit liquid level, make the interior profit liquid level of separator maintain certain position, can not influence the separation of profit, because the production water yield reduces, at this moment the output power of generator can reduce;
When new well was produced, the production fluid amount increased, if the back pressure that generator produces is too high, when pressure was elevated to a certain degree, the pressure security valve (24) of blowdown line will be backed down, and unnecessary water is discharged from blowdown line (8); When generator breaks down, generator sends a signal automatically, inlet butterfly valve (22) and rapid cut-off valve (26) are closed, bypass line valve (25) is opened, carry out draining from bypass line (9),, therefore have the enough reaction time to give the bypass line valve by transmission signal because generator is installed in the downstream of second-stage separator, open it, thereby can not have influence on the proper functioning of primary separator;
The utilization of the geothermal power of water can not have influence on separator and hydroelectric generator substantially, this be because we will arrange extra large pipeline always UNICOM go into below the sea, therefore, will form negative pressure in the heat exchanger, water will be taken away very soon, can not cause current not smooth.
For turbine engine (35) being installed at gas outlet, pressure security is set drains pipeline (33) and bypass line (44), when turbine engine (35) generation back pressure was too high, pressure relief valve (34) was opened automatically; When turbine engine breaks down when maybe needing to overhaul, bypath valve (30) can be opened, from bypass line (44) exhaust, do not influence the ordinary production of separator.
In order to reduce the pressure loss along journey, change the secondary oil and water seperator into the band pressure vessel from the normal pressure container of routine, because gas flow is few in the second-stage separator, can adopt traditional level pressure power liquid level control, use saliva and can keep higher pressure energy, improve the efficient of generator, be about to second-stage separator and be transformed into the control system that is similar to primary separator.
Other mode of executions of the present invention are, can also generator be installed at oil export, part substitutes the decompression of oil export control valve, utilizes the pressure energy of crude oil to drive generator amature rotation generation electric energy, can make full use of the complementary energy overbottom pressure of stratum liquid like this, carry out energy recovery; For all bigger oil field of oil gas water three phase content, can generator all be installed at the oil gas water out, part substitutes the effect of discharge control valve, reduces the energy consumption on control valve.
Other mode of executions of the present invention are: for utilizing the little situation of separator outlet water generating efficiency, can directly utilize underground heat to generate electricity, only need to go out saliva and directly import the geothermal power generation unit, carry out geothermal utilization.For producing the extra high situation of coolant-temperature gage, can carry out the gradient utilization of underground heat, carry out heating buildings and air conditioner refrigerating, earth source heat pump and health care.
The present invention is for the offshore oil production platform, because the concentration of production, when utilizing the complementary energy overbottom pressure of producing water to generate electricity, can make full use of other resources, the water that backflows of other equipment on the platform can be introduced water pipeline and utilize, reducing directly, row's wave takes resource, cool back flowing water as diesel generator, the platform air-conditioning cools back flowing water, can increase the hydroelectric generator generated energy like this, utilizes the resource of platform to greatest extent.
Separator of the present invention can also be cyclone separator or hydrocyclone, and this class separator can adopt same waterpower to utilize method equally, hydroelectric generator is installed in the downstream and is carried out geothermal power generation, utilizes the complementary energy overbottom pressure of stratum production fluid.
The above, it only is a kind of preferred embodiment that utilizes the method and apparatus of the isolated fluid comprehensive electric generating of oil gas water separator of the present invention, be not that technical scope of the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every foundation technical spirit of the present invention all still belongs in the scope of the technology of the present invention any trickle modification, equivalent variations and modification that top embodiment did.

Claims (7)

1. method of utilizing the isolated fluid comprehensive electric generating of oil gas water separator, it is characterized in that: the oil gas water three phase mixture of stratum output is carried out separating treatment earlier with oil gas water separator, fluid after the separating treatment enters generator unit, mechanical energy, heat energy and pressure energy promotion generator unit with fluid generate electricity, and described generator unit comprises hydroelectric generator unit, geothermal power generation unit and turbine engine generator unit; Water after oil gas water separator is handled is discharged the laggard hydroelectric generator unit (28) of going into by water out pipeline (7), and this hydroelectric generator unit (28) utilizes the pressure energy and the mechanical energy of producing water to drive generator for electricity generation; The geothermal power generation unit is connected on the outlet water pipeline of hydroelectric generator unit or on the separator water out pipeline (7), directly carries out geothermal utilization; Gas after oil gas water separator is handled enters turbine engine generator unit (50) by gas outlet pipeline (48), the gas-powered turbine engine generator unit generating after oil gas water separator is handled.
2. the method for utilizing the isolated fluid comprehensive electric generating of oil gas water separator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described oil gas water separator (13,17) carries out separating treatment with the oil gas water three phase mixture of stratum output, separator is gravitational separator or cyclone separator.
3. device that is used to realize the described method of claim 1, this device comprises oil gas water primary separator (13) and profit second-stage separator (17), water out control valve (19), water out pipeline (7), gas outlet pipeline (48) and gas outlet control valve (29), it is characterized in that: described water out pipeline (7) links to each other with hydroelectric generator unit (28), the geothermal power generation unit is connected on the water outlet pipeline of hydroelectric generator unit or on the separator water out pipeline (7), gas outlet pipeline (48) links to each other with turbine engine generator unit (50), rely on to regulate water out control valve (19) or regulate hydroelectric generator unit (28) load to adjust the saliva flow, dependence is regulated gas outlet control valve (29) or is regulated turbine engine generator unit (50) load and regulate the outlet gas discharge.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described hydroelectric generator unit comprises the generator water pipeline, water pipeline inlet butterfly valve (22), rapid cut-off valve (26), hydroelectric generator (27), pressure is drained pipeline (8), water pipeline pressure relief valve (24), bypass flowing line (9), bypass line control valve (25), water pipeline is connecting the water out pipeline, and it is the take-off line of water pipeline that pressure is drained pipeline (8), and bypass flowing line (9) is in parallel with the generator water pipeline.
5. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described turbogenerator unit (50) comprising: turbine engine bleed air lines (37), inlet butterfly valve (31), rapid cut-off valve (36), turbine engine (35), air venting pipeline (33), pressure relief valve (34), bypass line valve (30), by-pass stack line (44), described blowdown line (33) is the take-off line of turbine engine bleed air lines (37), by-pass stack line (44) and turbine engine bleed air lines (37) parallel connection, and turbogenerator has replaced conventional reduction valve group (29), rock gas relies on pressure energy and the heat energy that has, enter turbine engine, drive turbine engine expansion acting, pressure can be converted into mechanical energy, drive generator for electricity generation, the turbine function is calculated the pressure that comes tolerance and rock gas of gas outlet according to oil field long-term production data, selects different type of machines.
6. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described hydroelectric generator unit also comprises flowing line pressure relief valve (24), described flowing line pressure relief valve (24) can be under the force value condition of setting, automatically backed down, drain the part current of water out pipeline (7), the water that separates outlet is in time discharged.
7. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that the outlet of described hydroelectric generator unit is connected with the geothermal power generation unit, the geothermal power generation unit is used for generating with hot water, or utilize underground heat to warm oneself, realize the underground heat cascade utilization, realize the optimization that energy utilizes, produce water and can re-injection go into stratum or discharging after treatment.
CN2008100658665A 2008-03-20 2008-03-20 Method and device for utilizing flow separated from oil gas water separator for integral generation Expired - Fee Related CN101265868B (en)

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