CN101263287B - Internal combustion engine using hydrogen - Google Patents
Internal combustion engine using hydrogen Download PDFInfo
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- CN101263287B CN101263287B CN2006800339743A CN200680033974A CN101263287B CN 101263287 B CN101263287 B CN 101263287B CN 2006800339743 A CN2006800339743 A CN 2006800339743A CN 200680033974 A CN200680033974 A CN 200680033974A CN 101263287 B CN101263287 B CN 101263287B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/30—Use of alternative fuels, e.g. biofuels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
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- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
- Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
Abstract
In an internal combustion engine using hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen gas as fuels and including a fuel injection device that injects liquid fuel, a hydrogen-blended fuel in which hydrogen gas is contained in the form of minute bubbles in a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, that is supplied to the fuel injection device. The hydrogen-blended fuel is stored in a fuel tank. Hydrogen gas that has escaped from the hydrogen-blended fuel in the fuel tank is fed to a minute-bubble producing device, which forms the fuel gas into minute bubbles and mixes the minute bubbles back into the hydrogen-blended fuel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of internal-combustion engine that uses hydrogen, this internal-combustion engine can use hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen to act as a fuel.
Background technique
The known internal-combustion engine (using the internal-combustion engine of hydrogen) that except that hydrocarbon-based/hydrocarbon-based fuel such as gasoline, also uses hydrogen to act as a fuel.Hydrogen has higher combustibility than hydrocarbon fuel.Like this, in hydrocarbon fuel, add hydrogen and make motor under low-load, can in the lean-burn zone that enlarges, turn round, thereby significant effect is provided, for example, improve the discharge amount of fuel economy and minimizing NOx.On the other hand, when motor turns round under high load, in hydrocarbon fuel, add hydrogen and can suppress detonation and improve engine power output, to keep the acceleration performance of vehicle.
Open an example of the internal-combustion engine of having put down in writing this use hydrogen among the 2003-293809 the Japan Patent spy.The motor of the use hydrogen of being put down in writing in the document comprises the sparger of atomizing of liquids hydrocarbon fuel and is connected to hydrogen (fuel) case of this sparger via hydrogen supply path (pipeline), and be arranged such that hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen can spray from sparger simultaneously in single injection event.
In the internal-combustion engine of above-mentioned use hydrogen, separately be provided with two fuel supply paths, promptly respectively to the hydrogen supply passage and the hydrocarbon fuel supply passage of sparger hydrogen supply and hydrocarbon fuel.Compare with the internal-combustion engine that only uses hydrocarbon fuel, this layout makes engine system very complicated, has reduced the installation efficiency of system on vehicle owing to number of components increases, and has increased manufacture cost.
The motor of above-mentioned known use hydrogen uses the hydrogen case as the device that is used to hold hydrogen.But, should be noted that with liquid fuel such as gasoline and compare, settle when the hydrogen of gaseous fuel is on being placed in vehicle or to store efficient low.In recent years, proposed the hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen from the vehicle, thereby Hydrogen Energy is enough in to settle the high liquid state (form of hydrogenated liquid thing) of efficient to store.
As method from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen, propose the whole bag of tricks, for example comprised electrolysis, the metallic reducing hydrogenated liquid thing (described in JP-A-2004-123517 and JP-A-2003-212501) that uses low temperature plasma decomposed liq hydride (described in JP-A-2001-335302) and use the high activity attitude.
In above-mentioned any method, all need a large amount of electric energy to come from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen.The electric energy that is used to produce hydrogen is easy to supply with from vehicle-mounted (or being installed on the vehicle) battery.But motor need drive alternator and fill with electric energy to battery, thereby in this case, the fuel quantity that is consumed by motor increases.Like this, the electric energy of guaranteeing to be used to produce hydrogen is very important, so that obtaining from realize high energy efficiency when liquid fuel adds the advantageous effects of hydrogen.
Produce in the method for hydrogen at above-mentioned any, the hydrogen that is produced arrives sparger needs some times.If hydrogen will then need to store the amounts of hydrogen that can use immediately immediately from the sparger ejection after engine start after engine start.Although can use the hydrogen case as the device of storing hydrogen, consider efficient or conveniency that the hydrogen case is installed on vehicle, in the hydrogen case good selection with hydrogen storage.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of internal-combustion engine that uses hydrogen, this internal-combustion engine also uses hydrogen to act as a fuel except hydrocarbon fuel, and can not make engine system complicated.The present invention also provides a kind of like this internal-combustion engine that uses hydrogen, and this internal-combustion engine produces the hydrogen that will sneak in the hydrocarbon fuel by the deceleration energy (that is, the energy that produces) that utilizes vehicle in the vehicle deceleration process, realize high energy efficiency thus.The present invention also provides a kind of like this internal-combustion engine that uses hydrogen, and wherein hydrocarbon fuel and hydrogen mix and to be incorporated in after the engine start injectedly immediately, and need not the case that hydrogen is stored in independent being used to.
According to a first aspect of the invention, use the internal-combustion engine of hydrogen to comprise the fuel injection system that sprays hydrocarbon fuel and be used for being mixed with to described fuel injection system supply the fuel supplying device of the fuel of hydrogen, hydrogen is included in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.
In a first aspect of the present invention, hydrogen is present in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel that is used as motor fuel.Like this, motor also can use hydrogen to act as a fuel except hydrocarbon fuel, and can not make engine system complicated, perhaps do not need as employed complex system under the situation that is fed into fuel injection system at hydrogen and hydrocarbon fuel via the fuel supply path that separates.
In an embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, described fuel supplying device comprises fuel tank and mixing arrangement, storing in described fuel tank has the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen, described mixing arrangement to be used for getting back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen being mixed with from described fuel tank described that the hydrogen of overflowing the fuel of hydrogen forms micro air bubble and the described micro air bubble of described fuel gas being mixed.
According to the foregoing description, hydrogen is involved and sneak into thus in hydrocarbon fuel with the form of micro air bubble, and this makes the device that needn't be provided for holding dividually with hydrocarbon fuel hydrogen, and has simplified engine system.Even hydrogen is overflowed from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen owing to retain for a long time, the hydrogen of effusion also can mix with the form of micro air bubble and get back in the fuel, thereby guarantees the steady concentration of hydrogen in the fuel of supplying with to motor that is mixed with hydrogen.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, described mixing arrangement can make in described fuel tank and the fuel supply path that described fuel injection system links to each other mixed the getting back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the fuel gas of described effusion at the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen during described fuel injection system is supplied with.By this layout, even the hydrogen concentration in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank also can be sprayed the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with specific hydrogen concentration from fuel injection system owing to hydrogen reduces from the fuel effusion.
In the above embodiment of the present invention, described mixing arrangement can mix the fuel gas of described effusion to be got back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen of the fuel cycle path that returns described fuel tank for the described fuel of carrying from described fuel tank that is mixed with hydrogen circuit.By this layout, the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen can be stablized for a long time and is stored in the fuel tank, and can supply with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with invariable hydrogen concentration to fuel injection system from fuel tank.
In another embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, described fuel supplying device comprises fuel tank, hydrogen generation apparatus and mixing arrangement, in described fuel tank, store described liquid carbon hydrogen fuel is arranged, described hydrogen generation apparatus is used for producing hydrogen from the described hydrocarbon fuel of described fuel tank, and the described hydrogen that described mixing arrangement is used for producing from described hydrocarbon fuel forms micro air bubble and the described micro air bubble of described hydrogen is sneaked into described hydrocarbon fuel.
According to the foregoing description, produce the hydrogen that to sneak into the hydrocarbon fuel from hydrocarbon fuel.Like this, motor does not need to be used for holding dividually with hydrocarbon fuel the storage facility of hydrogen, can simplify more textural thus.
In the above-described embodiments, described mixing arrangement can will be sneaked into the described hydrocarbon fuel from the described hydrogen of described hydrocarbon fuel generation in described fuel makes described fuel tank and fuel supply path that described fuel injection system links to each other during described fuel injection system is supplied with.Because hydrogen is being sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel injection system fueling, thus the effusion of hydrogen from fuel can be minimized, and can spray the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from fuel injection system with stable hydrogen concentration.
In the above-described embodiments, described mixing arrangement can be sneaked into the described hydrogen that produces from described hydrocarbon fuel the fuel cycle path that returns described fuel tank for the described hydrocarbon fuel of carrying from described fuel tank in the described hydrocarbon fuel of circuit.In this case, hydrocarbon fuel is reformed into the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen, and this fuel that is mixed with hydrogen returns fuel tank subsequently.Like this, the hydrogen concentration that is stored in the interior hydrocarbon fuel of fuel tank can increase in advance.
In the another embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, be provided with the deceleration energy that is used to reclaim vehicle so that the reclaimer of electric energy to be provided, and described hydrogen generation apparatus comes to produce hydrogen from described hydrocarbon fuel by utilizing the described deceleration energy that is reclaimed by described reclaimer.Deceleration energy (that is, the energy that produces in the vehicle deceleration process) by reclaiming vehicle is as electric energy and effectively utilize the deceleration energy that is reclaimed and produce hydrogen, and the motor of present embodiment can be realized high energy efficiency.
In another embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, described fuel supplying device comprises storage facility, hydrogen generation apparatus and hydrogen mixing arrangement, described storage facility is used for receiving fluids hydride, described hydrogen generation apparatus is used for from being stored in the described hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen of described storage facility, and the described hydrogen that described hydrogen mixing arrangement is used for being produced by described hydrogen generation apparatus is dissolved into the fuel combination that is supplied to described fuel injection system.In addition, be provided with judgment means, whether be necessary to described internal-combustion engine hydrogen supply to be used for judging, and be provided with control gear, to activate described hydrogen generation apparatus and described hydrogen mixing arrangement when being necessary to described internal-combustion engine hydrogen supply to be used for being judged to be in described judgment means.
According to the foregoing description, hydrogen is stored with the form of hydrogenated liquid thing, and when the needs hydrogen supply from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen.This layout makes and need not to store Gaseous Hydrogen that hydrogen is difficult to handle and settles efficient low under gaseous state.Because the hydrogen that is produced is sneaked in the liquid fuel and is supplied to fuel injection system, therefore only in limited range, handle Gaseous Hydrogen (promptly, produce from hydrogen and to be dissolved in the liquid fuel), and Hydrogen Energy is promptly injected as the part of liquid fuel with liquid form.Like this, the motor of present embodiment does not need as employed complex system under the situation that is fed into fuel injection system at Gaseous Hydrogen and liquid fuel via the fuel supply path that separates, and except that liquid fuel, also can use Gaseous Hydrogen to act as a fuel, and can not make complex system.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen mixing arrangement can comprise the device of the micro air bubble that is used to produce described hydrogen, and the described micro air bubble of described hydrogen is dissolved in the described liquid fuel.Because hydrogen is formed the micro air bubble that is dissolved in thereafter in the liquid fuel,, and can promote dissolving in the hydrogen liquid fuel within so hydrogen can be dissolved in the liquid fuel equably.Like this, hydrogen is not easy to overflow from liquid fuel in hydrogen is dissolved into time period in the liquid fuel and between the burner oil.This makes and need not to take measures to prevent the effusion of hydrogen, thereby has simplified the structure of engine system.
In the above-described embodiments, the hydrogen amount can be set determine device, being used for being judged to be the amount that is necessary when described internal-combustion engine is supplied with described hydrogen to determine to sneak into the hydrogen of described liquid fuel in described judgment means, and described control gear can be according to being determined that by described hydrogen amount the demand of the determined hydrogen of device makes described hydrogen generation apparatus produce hydrogen.By this layout, the just hydrogen of the amount of causing the demand when needing hydrogen supply.Therefore like this, the amount that is dissolved into the hydrogen in the liquid fuel both had been not more than and also had been not less than described demand, did not need baffle-box to hold residual quantity between amounts of hydrogen that is produced and the amounts of hydrogen that is supplied to, and this has simplified the structure of engine system.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen amount is determined the described demand of the hydrogen that device can be determined to want dissolved based on the operational situation of described internal-combustion engine.In this case, Hydrogen Energy is dissolved in the liquid fuel with the amount that the operational situation with motor matches/matches.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen amount is determined the described demand of the hydrogen that device can be determined to want dissolved based on the characteristic of described liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.In this case, Hydrogen Energy is blended in the liquid fuel with the ratio that the characteristic with liquid carbon hydrogen fuel matches.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen amount is determined the described demand of the hydrogen that device can be determined to want dissolved based on the atmospheric condition of described internal-combustion engine.In this case, Hydrogen Energy is dissolved in the liquid fuel with the ratio that the atmospheric condition with motor matches.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen amount is determined the described demand of the hydrogen that device can be determined to want dissolved based on the situation of the catalyzer in the exhaust passageway that is configured in described internal-combustion engine.In this case, Hydrogen Energy is dissolved in the liquid fuel with the ratio that the situation with catalyzer matches.
According to a second aspect of the invention, a kind of control system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power is provided, described motor vehicle driven by mixed power comprises the internal-combustion engine of aforesaid use hydrogen, and motor, and described motor vehicle driven by mixed power uses described motor to drive described vehicle at least.In this control system, when described judgment means is judged to be when being necessary to described internal-combustion engine hydrogen supply, described motor forces described internal-combustion engine to rotate when described internal combustion engine burning stops, and described hydrogen generation apparatus and the work of described hydrogen mixing arrangement make that the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen is injected from described fuel injection system.
According to a second aspect of the invention, be necessary that when being judged to be hydrogen supply is to reduce to catalyzer or when heating, can use by described motor and force the pump action of the motor of rotation to be mixed with the liquid fuel of hydrogen, so that carry out the reduction process or the heating process of catalyzer effectively to the exhaust passageway supply.And, even owing to vehicle when the motor internal combustion stops also can to travel with the driving force of motor, so can carry out the reduction process or the heating process of catalyzer when needed.
In another embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, described fuel supplying device comprises fuel tank, hydrogen generation apparatus and hydrogen mixing arrangement, in described fuel tank, store described liquid fuel is arranged, described hydrogen generation apparatus is used to use electric energy from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen, and the described hydrogen that described hydrogen mixing arrangement is used for being produced by described hydrogen generation apparatus is dissolved into the described liquid fuel that supplies to described fuel injection system from described fuel tank.In addition, be provided with circulation means, being used to make described liquid fuel, and be provided with reclaimer, provide electric energy with the deceleration energy that is used to reclaim vehicle through described fuel tank and the circulation of described hydrogen mixing arrangement.Be provided with control gear, to be used for when described reclaimer reclaims described deceleration energy and described fuel injection system and stops fuel and spray, by utilizing the described deceleration energy that reclaims by described reclaimer to activate described hydrogen generation apparatus to produce hydrogen, and activate described hydrogen mixing arrangement and be dissolved in the described liquid fuel with the hydrogen that will be produced, make described circulation means allow described liquid fuel circulation simultaneously.
According to the abovementioned embodiments of the present invention, the deceleration energy of vehicle (that is, the energy that produces in the vehicle deceleration process) is recovered as electric energy, and the deceleration energy that is reclaimed is used for producing hydrogen effectively, thereby has guaranteed high energy efficiency.Be dissolved in the liquid fuel by the hydrogen that will be produced, can spray the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen at the very start to the fuel injection system supply from recovering fuel.In addition, hydrogen is dissolved in fuel tank and hydrogen mixing arrangement circuit liquid fuel, thereby can store a large amount of hydrogen in the liquid fuel within.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen mixing arrangement can comprise the device of the micro air bubble that is used for producing described hydrogen and be used for the described micro air bubble of described hydrogen is dissolved into the device of described liquid fuel.Because hydrogen is formed the micro air bubble that is dissolved in thereafter in the liquid fuel, thus the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel can be promoted, and can store relatively large hydrogen in the liquid fuel within.Along with the amount that can be dissolved in the hydrogen in the liquid fuel increases, the amount of the hydrogen that is produced also can increase, and the amount that can be used to produce the deceleration energy of hydrogen increases, thereby has guaranteed higher energy efficiency.
In the above-described embodiments, described internal-combustion engine also can comprise the ignition mechanism of the air-fuel mixture in the ignition combustion chamber.When described reclaimer reclaimed under the situation that described deceleration energy and described fuel injection system stop burner oil condition when the reduction process of the catalyzer that satisfies the exhaust passageway that is used for being arranged on described internal-combustion engine, above-mentioned control gear can forbid that described ignition mechanism lights described air-fuel mixture and can make described fuel injection system spray the described liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.Like this, comprise the liquid fuel of the hydrogen that has high reducing capacity in a large number and can former state be supplied to described catalyzer and in the firing chamber, do not burn, thereby make the reduction process of catalyzer to carry out effectively.
In the above-described embodiments, described fuel injection system can be arranged to described liquid fuel is directly sprayed in the firing chamber.When described reclaimer reclaims under the situation that described deceleration energy and described fuel injection system stop burner oil condition when the reduction process that satisfies the catalyzer that is used for being arranged on described exhaust passageway, above-mentioned control gear can make described fuel injection system spray described liquid fuel in such timing, does not burn in described firing chamber at the fuel that described timing is sprayed.Like this, comprise the liquid fuel of the hydrogen that has high reducing capacity in a large number and can former state be supplied to described catalyzer and in the firing chamber, do not burn, thereby make the reduction process of catalyzer to carry out effectively.
In the another embodiment of a first aspect of the present invention, described fuel supplying device comprises fuel tank, hydrogen generation apparatus and hydrogen mixing arrangement, in described fuel tank, store described liquid fuel is arranged, described hydrogen generation apparatus is used for from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen, and the described hydrogen that described hydrogen mixing arrangement is used for being produced by described hydrogen generation apparatus is dissolved into the described liquid fuel that supplies to described fuel injection system from described fuel tank.In addition, be provided with circulation means, to be used to making described liquid fuel through described fuel tank and the circulation of described hydrogen mixing arrangement, and be provided with control gear, being used at described engine starting or when predicting that described internal-combustion engine will start, begin to activate described hydrogen generation apparatus to produce hydrogen before fuel sprays at described fuel injection system, and activate described hydrogen mixing arrangement and be dissolved in the described liquid fuel with the hydrogen that will be produced, make described circulation means allow described liquid fuel circulation simultaneously.
According to the foregoing description, from hydrogenated liquid deposits yields hydrogen, and the hydrogen that is produced is dissolved in the circuit liquid fuel, supplies with the liquid fuel that be mixed with hydrogen thereby can spray at the very start from fuel to fuel injection system before fuel sprays.In addition, produce hydrogen after will starting, and consequent hydrogen storage is in the circuit liquid fuel, this feasible case that need not to be provided for holding gaseous hydrogen in operation that detects engine start or prediction motor.
In the above-described embodiments, described hydrogen mixing arrangement can comprise the device of the micro air bubble that is used for producing described hydrogen and be used for the described micro air bubble of described hydrogen is dissolved into the device of described liquid fuel.Because hydrogen is formed the micro air bubble that is dissolved in thereafter in the liquid fuel, thus the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel can be promoted, and can supply with the high liquid fuel of ratio of institute's hydrogen.
Description of drawings
From being more clearly visible above-mentioned and/or other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage to the explanation of exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings, similarly reference character is used to represent similar elements in the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the view that illustrates according to the system of the internal-combustion engine of the use hydrogen of first embodiment of the present invention structure;
Fig. 2 is the flow chart that is illustrated in the system control program of carrying out in the first embodiment of the invention relevant with hydrogen mixed process;
Fig. 3 illustrates the view of the system of the internal-combustion engine of the use hydrogen of structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the flow chart that is illustrated in the system control program of carrying out in the second embodiment of the invention relevant with mixed process with the hydrogen generation;
Fig. 5 is the view of system of internal-combustion engine that the use hydrogen of a third embodiment in accordance with the invention structure is shown;
Fig. 6 is the flow chart that is illustrated in the system control program of carrying out in the third embodiment of the invention relevant with mixed process with the hydrogen generation;
Fig. 7 is the view of system of internal-combustion engine that the use hydrogen of a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention structure is shown;
Fig. 8 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the fourth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of first example of control program;
Fig. 9 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the fourth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of second example of control program;
Figure 10 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the fourth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of the 3rd example of control program;
Figure 11 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the fourth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of the 4th example of control program;
Figure 12 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the fourth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of the 5th example of control program;
Figure 13 illustrates the view of drive system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power that uses the internal-combustion engine of hydrogen as the employing of fifth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B are the flow charts that the hydrogen carried out in fifth embodiment of the invention adds control program;
Figure 15 illustrates the view of the system of the internal-combustion engine of the use hydrogen of structure according to a sixth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B are illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the sixth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of first example of control program;
Figure 17 is illustrated in the hydrogen of carrying out in the sixth embodiment of the invention to add the flow chart of second example of control program;
Figure 18 illustrates the view of the system of the internal-combustion engine of the use hydrogen of structure according to a seventh embodiment of the invention;
Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B are illustrated in the flow chart that the hydrogen of carrying out in the seventh embodiment of the invention adds control program;
Figure 20 illustrates the view of drive system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power that uses the internal-combustion engine of hydrogen as the employing of eighth embodiment of the invention; And
Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B are the flow charts that the hydrogen carried out in eighth embodiment of the invention adds control program.
Embodiment
First embodiment
See figures.1.and.2, first exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The system of the internal-combustion engine 2 (hereafter is " motor ") of the schematically illustrated use hydrogen according to first embodiment of the present invention structure of Fig. 1.The motor 2 of present embodiment comprises a plurality of cylinders (one of them cylinder only is shown) in Fig. 1.Each cylinder of motor 2 all has piston 8, and is formed with firing chamber 10 in each cylinder, and the volume of firing chamber 10 is according to the vertical motion of piston 8 and increase repeatedly and reduce.Be connected with inlet air pathway 4 and exhaust passageway 6 on motor 2, air is supplied to the firing chamber 10 of each cylinder through inlet air pathway 4, and combustion gas (or exhaust) 10 are discharged from the firing chamber through exhaust passageway 6.In motor 2, the joint between inlet air pathway 4 and firing chamber 10 is provided with intake valve 12 and is communicated with the fluid that is used to control therebetween, and the joint between exhaust passageway 6 and firing chamber 10 is provided with exhaust valve 14 and is communicated with the fluid that is used to control therebetween.Attaching is useful on in-cylinder injection device 18 that injects fuel directly into firing chamber 10 and the spark plug 16 that is used for the air-fuel mixture in the ignition combustion chamber 10 on the wall of firing chamber 10.
In-cylinder injection device 18 is connected to fuel tank 30 via fuel supply path 34.Being stored in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 comprises and is dissolved in the hydrogen of liquid carbon hydrogen fuel (liquid fuel) as the micro air bubble form in the gasoline.The micro air bubble of herein mentioning has tens of microns or littler diameter.Compare with the bubble of general size, the bubble with minification like this of hydrogen can be present in the hydrocarbon fuel equably in a large number, and the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that is mixed with described micro air bubble can be regarded liquid as basically.Especially, diameter is that 1 μ m or littler ultra-fine bubble (or nano bubble) can be present in the liquid long-term and stably, and hydrogen preferably is included in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of nano bubble.In the present embodiment, the hydrogen that has formed nano level micro air bubble (that is nano bubble) is included in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.But micro air bubble needn't be a nano bubble, but can have the big size of ratio nano bubble, as long as hydrogen can be present in the form of micro air bubble in the liquid fuel and do not overflow from fuel in the time period that engine running does not go wrong.
In first embodiment, suppose that the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen produces in advance at outside vehicle, and be supplied to fuel tank 30 by the fueling system.The method that generation is mixed with the fuel of hydrogen is the method that the method that forms the micro air bubble of hydrogen in the liquid fuel within is not limited to any specific.For example, can adopt following any method.
In first example that forms micro air bubble, produce the strong stream of liquid fuel, and hydrogen is blown in the liquid fuel, thereby the shearing force that produces in the strong stream of liquid fuel within makes hydrogen be crushed to micro air bubble.
In second example that forms micro air bubble, hydrogen is exerted pressure, make relatively large hydrogen be dissolved in the liquid fuel.In this state, for example form the hole by the flow velocity that increases liquid fuel.
In forming the 3rd example of micro air bubble, to liquid fuel ultrasound application ripple so that vibration and division are included in the hydrogen gas bubbles in the liquid fuel.The 3rd example is easy to be used for hydrogen is formed nano level micro air bubble (or nano bubble).To the micro air bubble ultrasound application ripple of hydrogen with the situation that reduces bubble size fast under because the charge density on the bubble surface increases, can produce Coulomb repulsion.Because Coulomb repulsion, the size of micro air bubble stops to reduce, and hydrogen retains and do not diffuse in the liquid fuel with the form of micro air bubble.
Preferably, having ion in the liquid fuel within is the micro air bubble form to keep hydrogen in long-time, particularly the nano bubble form.If there is ion in the liquid fuel within, then is adsorbed between hydrogen micro air bubble and the liquid ion on the interface and is included in the opposite polarity ion that in the liquid fuel and under electrostatic attraction, attracted to described near interface and in very little volume, be concentrated to high density.Under the situation that has these ions, the hydrogen that is included in the micro air bubble is prevented from being diffused in the liquid fuel, can stably remain the form of micro air bubble thus.Make the method that has ion in the liquid fuel be not limited to the method for any specific.For example, can in the liquid fuel that electric conductivity after conversion/reformation increases, add as electrolytical organic salt.
The fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 is by petrolift 32 upwards in the suction fuel supply path 34, and supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 after being compressed into the specified pressure level of the combustion-gas pressure that is higher than in the firing chamber 10.Petrolift 32 can be the mechanical pump that is driven by motor 2, or by electric motor driven motor-drive pump.Attaching has pressure transducer 46 on fuel tank 30, and it transmits the signal of the pressure in the expression fuel tank 30.
Dispose path selector valve 38 at the middle part of fuel supply path 34.Path selector valve 38 is the three-way valve with two outlets and an inlet.Return path 36 is connected to one of described outlet, and is connected to fuel tank 30 at the other end.Another outlet of path selector valve 38 is connected to in-cylinder injection device 18 via fuel supply path 34.When path selector valve 38 is placed in when making the position that the outlet that is connected to return path 36 opens, the fuel of carrying from fuel tank 30 that is mixed with hydrogen returns fuel tank 30 via return path 36.In the following description, the fuel passage that forms by the position that path selector valve 38 is placed the outlet that is used to lead to in-cylinder injection device 18 will be known as " normal supply path ", and the fuel passage that forms by the position that valve 38 is placed the outlet that is used to lead to fuel tank 30 will be known as " peripheral passage ".
Between petrolift 32 and path selector valve 38, in fuel supply path 34, dispose microbubble generating apparatus 40.Microbubble generating apparatus 40 is suitable for forming the micro air bubble of hydrogen and bubble is sneaked in the liquid that flows through fuel supply path 34.Microbubble generating apparatus 40 can produce micro air bubble by using ultrasound to vibrate and divide hydrogen gas bubbles.But, the method that is used for forming micro air bubble by microbubble generating apparatus 40 is not limited to this method, but can be selected from other method, as long as device 40 can produce and be included in the micro air bubble that the micro air bubble in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen has approximate same size at first.
First embodiment's the engine system that microbubble generating apparatus 40 is installed can produce the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen on vehicle.But in the present embodiment, it not is to be used for new the generation to be mixed with the fuel of hydrogen that microbubble generating apparatus 40 is installed, but the hydrogen dissolving that is used for the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from fuel tank 30 is left is got back to the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.
In this connection, the hydrogen that is included in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen can't forever retain with the form of micro air bubble, but As time goes on can overflow from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.As a result, the hydrogen concentration that is mixed with in the fuel of hydrogen reduces in time gradually, and this makes motor be difficult to maybe can not to provide by use and is mixed with the expected performance that the fuel of hydrogen is realized.Like this, the engine system of present embodiment is arranged to reclaim from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen and is overflowed and remain in hydrogen in the fuel tank 30, and uses microbubble generating apparatus 40 that the hydrogen that reclaims is mixed and get back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.
For engine system can be turned round in the above described manner, connect gas recovery path 44 on the top of fuel tank 30 and be supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40 with the hydrogen in the recovery fuel tank 30 and with hydrogen.In gas recovery path 44, be provided with switching valve 42, be used for only making when needed fuel tank 30 to be communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40.When switching valve 42 was opened, the fuel fume of hydrogen with accumulating in fuel tank 30 of overflowing from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen was supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40.Then, microbubble generating apparatus 40 forms micro air bubble with hydrogen, and the bubble hydrogen dissolving is got back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that flows through fuel supply path 34.
In the engine system of structure as mentioned above, motor uses the fuel be mixed with hydrogen to act as a fuel, and hydrogen is included in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.Like this, motor need not supply to employed complex system under the situation of fuel injector in hydrogen and the separated fuel supply system of hydrocarbon fuel.In addition, because hydrogen comprises with the form of micro air bubble and is stored in the hydrocarbon fuel,, also need not to be provided at the device that produces hydrogen on the vehicle so need not to provide the device that holds hydrogen with the fuel tank that holds hydrocarbon fuel dividually.
In the engine system of constructing as mentioned above, even hydrogen is overflowed from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen after retaining for a long time, the hydrogen of effusion also can be recovered and mix and get back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.In this case, be used to select the normal supply path position of path that acts as a fuel if path selector valve 38 is placed in, then hydrogen can be mixed just get back to and be led in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen of in-cylinder injection device 18.On the other hand, be used to select the position of path that acts as a fuel, peripheral passage if path selector valve 38 is placed in, then hydrogen can be mixed simultaneously through fuel tank 30 and microbubble generating apparatus 40 circuit at fuel and be got back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.
By when selecting the normal supply path, carrying out above-mentioned mixed process, even the hydrogen concentration in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 owing to hydrogen reduces from the fuel effusion, also can be sprayed the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with specific hydrogen concentration from in-cylinder injection device 18.By carry out mixed process when selecting the peripheral passage, the hydrogen concentration in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 can remain on maintenance level.Under any situation, by hydrogen mixed process, the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that the above-mentioned layout of engine system all makes in-cylinder injection device 18 to spray to have invariable hydrogen concentration.
In the initial step S100 of the program of Fig. 2, judge whether satisfy the condition of carrying out hydrogen mixed process.When the effusion of hydrogen from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen reached specific degrees or level and be judged to be when satisfying executive condition based on the case pressure that is recorded by pressure transducer 46, the hydrogen dissolving is got back in the fuel.The case pressure that has particular kind of relationship with hydrogen effusion degree increases along with the increase of the amount of the hydrogen that exists with gaseous state in the fuel tank 30.If case pressure surpasses threshold level, then ECU 50 effusion that is judged to be hydrogen has reached specific degrees, and is judged to be and satisfies the condition of carrying out mixed process.If obtain affirmative determination (being) in step S100, then hydrogen is got back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen to the operation of step S110 is dissolved by step S102.
In step S102, judge whether carrying out fuel cut-off control, whether promptly motor is current turns round under fuel cut-off control.If be not to carry out fuel cut-off control, then spray the fuel that consumption is mixed with hydrogen by fuel from in-cylinder injection device 18.By supplying with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen continuously, can supply with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen to microbubble generating apparatus 40 from fuel tank 30 to in-cylinder injection device 18.On the other hand,, then can't supply with and be mixed with the fuel of hydrogen, not be consumed because there is fuel to spray by fuel to in-cylinder injection device 18 if carrying out fuel cut-off control.
Therefore, when carrying out fuel cut-off control, select step S104 as next work step.In step S104, path selector valve 38 is placed in and is used to select the position of path that acts as a fuel, peripheral passage, thereby the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen circulates between fuel tank 30 and microbubble generating apparatus 40.
On the other hand, when being not when carrying out fuel cut-off control, S106 is as next work step for the selection step.In step S106, path selector valve 38 is placed in and is used to select the normal supply path position of path that acts as a fuel, thereby the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen is supplied to in-cylinder injection device 18.
After selected fuel passage, in step S108, open switching valve 42.Under the situation that switching valve 42 is opened, fuel tank 30 is communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40.In this case, the hydrogen that accumulates in the fuel tank 30 is reclaimed by microbubble generating apparatus 40 with the hydrocarbon fuel of gasification.
In next procedure S110, microbubble generating apparatus 40 work forms micro air bubble with the vaporized fuel (being the mixture of hydrogen and gasification hydrocarbon fuel) that will reclaim, and the micro air bubble of vaporized fuel is mixed get back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.Like this, can prevent to be mixed with hydrogen concentration in the fuel of hydrogen owing to hydrogen reduces from leaving of fuel, and can spray the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 with invariable hydrogen concentration.
If satisfy not carry out the condition of hydrogen mixed process in step S100, then switching valve 42 cuts out, and fuel tank 30 is communicated with disconnection with fluid between the microbubble generating apparatus 40 in step S112.The process that form micro air bubble of execution in step S114 to stop to be undertaken then by microbubble generating apparatus 40.
Second embodiment
With reference to Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, second exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The schematically illustrated system of the internal-combustion engine (hereafter is " motor ") of the use hydrogen of structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention of Fig. 3.The motor of present embodiment has motor 2.Basic identical among the structure of motor 2 and first embodiment, thereby be not illustrated at this.In Fig. 3, be used for identifying motor components identical or parts with first embodiment with identical reference character used among Fig. 1.
In a second embodiment, storage has liquid carbon hydrogen fuel, for example gasoline in fuel tank 30.Fuel supply path 34 connects fuel tank 30 and in-cylinder injection device 18.Hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel tank 30 is upwards aspirated by the petrolift 32 that is configured in the fuel supply path 34, and supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 after being compressed into the specified pressure level of the combustion-gas pressure that is higher than in the firing chamber 10.
The microbubble generating apparatus 40 that is used for hydrogen is sneaked into hydrocarbon fuel is configured in the fuel supply path 34 between petrolift 32 and path selector valve 38.It is tens of micron or littler micro air bubble that microbubble generating apparatus 40 is suitable for hydrogen is formed diameter, and described micro air bubble is sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel supply path 34.By making microbubble generating apparatus 40 work hydrogen is sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel with the form of micro air bubble, hydrogen can evenly be included in the hydrocarbon fuel in large quantities.This makes in-cylinder injection device 18 to spray substantially to be the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen of liquid, and hydrogen is included in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.The method that is formed micro air bubble by microbubble generating apparatus 40 is not limited to the method for any specific, but can adopt any means (first to the third method) shown in the example in first embodiment.Although the size of the micro air bubble that is produced by microbubble generating apparatus 40 is not limited to the size of any specific, preferably producing diameter is 1 μ m or littler ultra-fine bubble (or nano bubble).
The hydrogen of sneaking in the hydrocarbon fuel is supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40 from hydrogen generation apparatus 60 via hydrogen supply passage 66.Hydrogen generation apparatus 60 can directly produce hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel.The hydrocarbon fuel that is used for forming hydrogen by hydrogen generation apparatus 60 is supplied to via fuel supply path 64 from fuel tank 30.In fuel supply path 64, be provided with petrolift 62, be used for the hydrocarbon fuel of suction of fuel case 30 upwards and supply fuel to hydrogen generation apparatus 60.
In above-mentioned any method, the product that obtains by forming hydrogen from hydrocarbon fuel comprises the composition except that hydrogen.If the composition except that hydrogen is a gaseous state, then it can be supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40 with hydrogen.If the composition except that hydrogen is liquid, then it can return fuel tank 30, perhaps can be supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40 with hydrogen.
In the engine system of structure as mentioned above, motor uses the fuel be mixed with hydrogen to act as a fuel, and hydrogen is included in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.Like this, motor need not supply to employed complex system under the situation of fuel injector in hydrogen and the separated fuel supply system of hydrocarbon fuel.In addition, because the hydrogen of sneaking in the hydrocarbon fuel produces from hydrocarbon fuel,, perhaps except that the fuel tank of storing hydrocarbon fuel, do not need other the device that is used to hold hydrogen so do not need to hold dividually the device of hydrogen with the fuel tank of storing hydrocarbon fuel.
In the engine system of structure as mentioned above, producing hydrogen and hydrogen sneaked into the fuel passage that forms in the process in the fuel and can between normal supply path and peripheral passage, switch.When selecting the normal supply path, carry out under the situation of hydrogen generation and mixed process, hydrogen is sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel in the process that in-cylinder injection device 18 is supplied with at hydrocarbon fuel, therefore the effusion of hydrogen from fuel can be minimized, thereby make in-cylinder injection device 18 can spray the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with stable hydrogen concentration.When selecting the peripheral passage, carry out under the situation of hydrogen generation and mixed process, the hydrocarbon fuel of supplying with from fuel tank 30 is converted into the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that returns fuel tank 30 thereafter, thereby the hydrogen concentration that is stored in the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel tank 30 can increase to fully high level.
Aforesaid hydrogen generation and mixed process are performed as the part of system's control of being implemented by ECU 50.The flow chart of Fig. 4 illustrates in a second embodiment by ECU 50 is that carry out and produces the system control program relevant with mixed process with hydrogen.
In the initial step S200 of the program of Fig. 4, judge whether to satisfy based on the operational situation of the motor 2 that records by operational situation measuring device 52 with by the atmospheric condition that atmospheric condition measuring device 54 records and carry out that hydrogen produces and the condition of mixed process.For example, when motor 2 turns round in the operating range that detonation may take place, or when in the operating range of change may appear burning in motor 2, turning round, or in other cases, may satisfy and carry out that hydrogen produces and the condition of mixed process.Hydrogen produces and the condition of mixed process if satisfy to carry out, then hydrogen by step S202 to the operation generation of step S210 and sneak in the hydrocarbon fuel.
In step S202, judge whether carrying out fuel cut-off control, whether promptly motor is current turns round under fuel cut-off control.If be not to carry out fuel cut-off control, then spray the fuel that consumption is mixed with hydrogen by fuel from in-cylinder injection device 18.By supplying with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that produces at microbubble generating apparatus 40, can supply with hydrocarbon fuel continuously to microbubble generating apparatus 40 from fuel tank 30 to in-cylinder injection device 18.If carrying out fuel cut-off control, the fuel that then is not mixed with hydrogen sprays by fuel and is consumed, and therefore can't supply with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that produces at microbubble generating apparatus 40 to in-cylinder injection device 18.
If carrying out fuel cut-off control, if the i.e. current just running under fuel cut-off control of motor then selects step S204 as next work step.In step S204, path selector valve 38 is placed in and is used to select the position of path that acts as a fuel, peripheral passage, thereby hydrocarbon fuel circulates between fuel tank 30 and microbubble generating apparatus 40.Like this, can supply with hydrocarbon fuel continuously to microbubble generating apparatus 40 from fuel tank 30.
On the other hand, if be not to carry out fuel cut-off control, then select step S206 as next work step.In step S206, path selector valve 38 is placed in and is used to select the normal supply path position of path that acts as a fuel, thereby the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen is supplied to in-cylinder injection device 18.
In next procedure S208, supply with hydrocarbon fuel from fuel tank 30 to hydrogen generation apparatus 60 according to the demand of the hydrogen that will produce.Then, the hydrogen by the hydrogen production process amount of causing the demand in hydrogen generation apparatus 60.The demand of the hydrogen that produces can be according to being to select peripheral passage or normal supply path to act as a fuel path and calculate by different way.When selecting the peripheral passage to act as a fuel path, the demand of the hydrogen that will produce is set at steady state value or fixed value.When selecting the normal supply path to act as a fuel path, obtain the demand load of motor 2 earlier from accelerator pedal position, engine speed etc., obtain to be added in load component (being known as " hydrogen load ") on the hydrogen from demand load again.The demand of hydrogen is added then based on the operational situation of motor 2 and determine.Next, based on the amount of the heat that per unit hydrogen produced, calculate the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the hydrogen load.But, should be noted that in the hydrocarbon fuel in fuel tank 30 to include hydrogen, therefore to revise the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the hydrogen concentration in the hydrocarbon fuel.Can infer hydrogen concentration the hydrocarbon fuel from the cumulant of the hydrogen that when selecting the peripheral passage to act as a fuel path, produced.
In step S210, the hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 60 fuel gas of hydrogen (or comprise) is formed micro air bubble by microbubble generating apparatus 40, and the hydrogen of micro air bubble form is dissolved in the hydrocarbon fuel that flows in fuel supply path 34 then.As a result, the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that comprises the hydrogen of micro air bubble form can be ejected into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
Carry out that hydrogen produces and the condition of mixed process if step S200 is judged to be to satisfy, then hydrogen generation apparatus 60 stops the hydrogen production process in step S212, and microbubble generating apparatus 40 stops to form the process of micro air bubble in step S214.
The 3rd embodiment
With reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the 3rd exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The system of the internal-combustion engine (hereafter is " motor ") of the use hydrogen of the schematically illustrated a third embodiment in accordance with the invention structure of Fig. 5.The motor of present embodiment has motor 2.Basic identical among the structure of motor 2 and first embodiment, thereby be not illustrated at this.In Fig. 5, be used for identifying engine system components identical or parts with first and second embodiments with identical reference character used among Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
In the 3rd embodiment, storing in fuel tank 30 has the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen, is mixed with in the fuel of hydrogen as described in hydrogen is included in as the form of the micro air bubble in the gasoline with liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.But the 3rd embodiment and first embodiment's difference is that the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that is stored in the fuel tank 30 produces on vehicle.In the present embodiment, supply with hydrocarbon fuel to fuel tank 30, and use the hydrocarbon fuel that is stored in the fuel tank 30 on vehicle, to produce the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the following manner by the fueling system.
The microbubble generating apparatus 40 that is used for hydrogen is sneaked into hydrocarbon fuel is configured in the fuel supply path 34.Microbubble generating apparatus 40 is suitable for hydrogen formed that diameter is tens of microns a micro air bubble, preferably diameter is 1 μ m or littler ultra-fine bubble (or nano bubble), and described micro air bubble is sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel supply path 34.The method that is formed micro air bubble by microbubble generating apparatus 40 is not limited to the method for any specific, but can adopt in the above about described any method of first embodiment (first to the third method).
The hydrogen that forms micro air bubble is supplied to microbubble generating apparatus 40 from hydrogen generation apparatus 60 via hydrogen supply passage 66.Hydrogen generation apparatus 60 is suitable for hydrocarbon fuel is reformed with generation hydrogen, and hydrocarbon fuel to be reformed is supplied to hydrogen generation apparatus 60 from fuel tank 30.Hydrogen generation apparatus 60 and fuel tank 30 interconnect via fuel supply path 64, and the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel tank 30 is by the upwards suction of petrolift 62 that is configured in the fuel supply path 64.Hydrogen generation apparatus 60 can produce hydrogen by known arbitrarily method.For example, can adopt in the above about described any method of second embodiment.
In supplying to the hydrogen supply passage 66 of microbubble generating apparatus 40, hydrogen supply gas disposes path selector valve 68.Path selector valve 68 is the three-way valve with an outlet and two inlets.Gas reclaims path 44 and at one end is connected to one of inlet of path selector valve 68, is connected to the top of fuel tank 30 at the other end.Make when being connected to the position that inlet that gas reclaims path 44 opens when path selector valve 68 is placed in, the inside of fuel tank 30 is communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40.In this case, the hydrogen that the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from fuel tank 30 leaves is fed into microbubble generating apparatus 40, thereby described hydrogen can be sneaked in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel supply path 34 once more.When path selector valve 68 is placed in when making the position that the inlet that is connected to hydrogen generation apparatus 60 opens, the hydrogen that produces in hydrogen generation apparatus 60 is fed into microbubble generating apparatus 40.In following explanation, formed hydrogen path will be known as " producing the gas supply passage " when path selector valve 68 makes hydrogen generation apparatus 60 be communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40, and formed hydrogen path will be known as " reclaiming the gas supply passage " when path selector valve 68 makes fuel tank 30 be communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40.
In the engine system of structure as mentioned above, motor uses the fuel be mixed with hydrogen to act as a fuel, and hydrogen is included in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel.Like this, motor need not supply to employed complex system under the situation of fuel injector in hydrogen and the separated fuel supply system of hydrocarbon fuel.In addition, owing to the hydrogen of sneaking in the hydrocarbon fuel forms from hydrocarbon fuel, so do not need to hold dividually the device of hydrogen with the fuel tank of storing hydrocarbon fuel.
In the engine system of constructing as mentioned above, hydrogen generation apparatus 60 can utilize the regenerated energy that is provided by regenerative system 72 in the process that produces hydrogen.Especially, produce and mixed process,, also can reclaim the deceleration energy (i.e. the energy that in the regenerative braking process, produces) of vehicle, thereby guarantee high energy efficiency even then battery 70 is filled electricity if carry out hydrogen at regenerative system 72 duration of works.Hydrogen produce and mixed process also can be only when selecting the peripheral passage act as a fuel path, for example under fuel cut-off control, carry out during deceleration, so that the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel tank 30 is converted to the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen at vehicle.Like this, hydrogen produces and mixed process can be finished under the situation that does not need accurate or complicated control, thereby improves the robustness of system.
In the engine system of structure as mentioned above, even hydrogen leaves from the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in retaining in fuel tank 30 for a long time the time, the hydrogen that leaves also can be recovered and mix and get back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.When selecting the normal supply path, carry out hydrogen is sneaked under the situation of the process in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen once more, even be stored in hydrogen concentration in the fuel in the fuel tank 30 owing to hydrogen reduces from leaving of fuel, in-cylinder injection device 18 also can spray and have the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that specific hydrogen concentration or hydrogen concentration are suitably controlled.Carry out under the situation of mixed process when selecting the peripheral passage, the hydrogen concentration that is stored in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 can remain on maintenance level again.Under any situation, the engine system of present embodiment all make in-cylinder injection device 18 can by hydrogen again mixed process spray the suitable fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with invariable hydrogen concentration.
Aforesaid hydrogen generation and mixed process are performed as the part of system's control of ECU 50.The flow chart of Fig. 6 is illustrated among the 3rd embodiment by ECU 50 is that carry out and produces the system control program relevant with mixed process with hydrogen.
In the initial step S300 of program shown in Figure 6, judge whether satisfy the hydrogen condition of mixed process again of carrying out.If the case pressure that is recorded by pressure transducer 46 surpasses threshold value, then be judged to be and satisfy the condition of mixed process again.If do not satisfy the condition of mixed process again, then execution in step S308 is to step S322.
In step S308, based on the control of whether regenerating from the signal determining of regenerative system 72, whether promptly vehicle is current turns round under regeneration control.When regenerating control, promptly when the deceleration energy of vehicle was reclaimed by regenerative system 72, ECU 50 forwarded step S310 to.
In step S310, judge whether carrying out fuel cut-off control, whether promptly vehicle is current turns round under fuel cut-off control.When the control of regeneration control period fuel cut-off is being carried out, for example, when under vehicle is not having the situation of fuel supply, slowing down, select step S312 as next work step.In step S312, path selector valve 38 placed be used to select the position of path that acts as a fuel, peripheral passage, thereby hydrocarbon fuel circulates between fuel tank 30 and microbubble generating apparatus 40.
In next procedure S314, supply with hydrocarbon fuels from fuel tank 30 to hydrogen generation apparatus 60 according to the demand of the hydrogen that will produce, and in hydrogen generation apparatus 60 hydrogen by the hydrogen production process amount of causing the demand.In step S316, the hydrogen that produces in hydrogen generation apparatus 60 fuel gas of hydrogen (or comprise) is formed micro air bubble by microbubble generating apparatus 40, and the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel supply path 34.Like this, the hydrocarbon fuel in the fuel tank 30 is replaced by the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen simultaneously gradually following ring path circuit.
On the other hand, when not being when carrying out in the control of regeneration control period fuel cut-off, select step S318 as next work step.In step S318, path selector valve 38 placed be used to select the normal supply path position of path that acts as a fuel, thereby the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that is stored in the fuel tank 30 is supplied to in-cylinder injection device 18.In the present embodiment, hydrogen produces and mixed process is only carried out when selecting the peripheral passage, and does not carry out when selecting the normal supply path.Like this, engine system can not need to finish hydrogen generation and mixed process accurately or under the situation of complicated control.
If being judged to be regeneration control in step S308 is not to carry out, then the hydrogen production process in the hydrogen generation apparatus 60 stops in step S320, and the process that forms micro air bubble of being undertaken by microbubble generating apparatus 40 in step S322 stops then.
Satisfy the hydrogen condition of mixed process again of carrying out if in step S300, be judged to be, for example, if along with the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen retaining for a long time in fuel tank 30, hydrogen reaches specific degrees from leaving of fuel, and then execution in step S302 gets back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen so that hydrogen is mixed to step S306.
In step S302, according to vehicle whether under fuel cut-off control running select fuel passage.More specifically,, then path selector valve 38 is placed to be used to select the position of path that acts as a fuel, peripheral passage, and the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen circulates between fuel tank 30 and microbubble generating apparatus 40 if carrying out fuel cut-off control.On the other hand, if be not to carry out fuel cut-off control, then path selector valve 38 is placed to be used to select the normal supply path position of path that acts as a fuel, thereby the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen in the fuel tank 30 is supplied to in-cylinder injection device 18.
After selected fuel passage, execution in step S304.In step S304,68 work of path selector valve are to switch to recovery gas supply passage with the hydrogen path from producing the gas supply passage.After switching to recovery gas supply passage, fuel tank 30 is communicated with microbubble generating apparatus 40.In this case, the hydrogen that accumulates in the fuel tank 30 is reclaimed or collects by microbubble generating apparatus 40 with the hydrocarbon fuel of gasification.
In next procedure S306, microbubble generating apparatus 40 work forms micro air bubble with the fuel gas (being the mixture of hydrogen and gasification hydrocarbon fuel) that will reclaim, and the fuel gas of micro air bubble form is mixed get back in the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen.By mixed process again, can prevent to be mixed with hydrogen concentration in the fuel of hydrogen owing to the effusion of hydrogen from fuel reduces, and can spray the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 with invariable hydrogen concentration.
First to the 3rd embodiment's modified example
Aforesaid first to the 3rd embodiment can for example make amendment in the following manner.
Described each embodiment's engine system can be equipped with the tuned port injection device that is used for fuel is sprayed into suction port and replace in-cylinder injection device 18.Also the tuned port injection device can be set additionally except that in-cylinder injection device 18 again, and use two types sparger according to operational situation.
In described each embodiment's engine system, microbubble generating apparatus 40 is configurable in fuel tank 30, and hydrogen can be sneaked into hydrocarbon fuel or be mixed with in the fuel of hydrogen by quilt in fuel tank 30.Perhaps, can dispose two microbubble generating apparatus 40 in fuel supply path 34 and in the fuel tank 30, and hydrogen can be sneaked in the fuel in corresponding position.
In the first and the 3rd embodiment's engine system, can hydrogen sensor be set in fuel tank 30 and replace pressure transducer 46, to be used for measuring the concentration of the Gaseous Hydrogen that is included in fuel tank 30.In this case, surpass threshold value, then be judged to be and satisfy the hydrogen condition of mixed process again of carrying out if be included in the concentration of the Gaseous Hydrogen in the fuel tank 30.
In the 3rd embodiment's engine system, regenerative system 72 can be directly to hydrogen generation apparatus 60 supply of electrical energy.In this case, can be used on the electric energy that is produced when hydrogen generation apparatus 60 is not worked charges to battery 70.
The 4th embodiment
With reference to Fig. 7 to Figure 12, the 4th exemplary embodiment of the present invention is described.
The system of the internal-combustion engine (hereafter is " motor ") of the use hydrogen of the schematically illustrated a fourth embodiment in accordance with the invention structure of Fig. 7.The motor of present embodiment has motor 2.Except in exhaust passageway 6, disposing outside the catalyzer (for example, the NOx catalyzer) 20 that is used for purification of combustion gas, basic identical among the structure of motor 2 and first embodiment, thereby motor 2 is not described at this.In Fig. 7, be used for identifying engine system components identical or parts with first embodiment with identical reference character used among Fig. 1.
In the engine system of Fig. 7, in-cylinder injection device 18 is connected to fuel tank 30 via fuel supply path 34, and storing in fuel tank 30 has liquid carbon hydrogen fuel such as gasoline.Liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 is upwards aspirated by the petrolift (high-pressure service pump) 32 that is configured in the fuel supply path 34, and supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 after being compressed into the specified pressure level of the combustion-gas pressure that is higher than in the firing chamber 10.Petrolift 32 can be the mechanical pump that is driven by motor 2, or by electric motor driven motor-drive pump.The signal that attaching has fuel characteristic sensor 94 on fuel tank 30, and fuel characteristic sensor 94 transmits the characteristic that expression is stored in the liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30---for example the interpolation degree of proportion, octane value, alcohols---.
In fuel supply path 34, dispose the microbubble generating apparatus 92 that is used for hydrogen is sneaked into liquid fuel in the downstream of petrolift 32.It is tens of microns micro air bubble (will be known as " micro air bubble ") that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms diameter with hydrogen, and described micro air bubble is sneaked in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34.The method of using microbubble generating apparatus 92 to produce micro air bubble is not limited to the method for any specific, as long as hydrogen can form the micro air bubble in the liquid fuel.For example, the microbubble generating apparatus 92 of present embodiment can adopt below first to the third method any as the described generation micro air bubble of example.
In the first method that produces micro air bubble, hydrogen is blown in the strong stream of liquid fuel, thereby the strong shearing force that produces in the liquid fuel within stream makes hydrogen be crushed to micro air bubble.
In the second method that produces micro air bubble, hydrogen is exerted pressure, make relatively large hydrogen be dissolved in the liquid fuel.In this state, for example form the hole by the flow velocity that increases liquid fuel.
In producing the third method of micro air bubble, to liquid fuel ultrasound application ripple so that vibration and division are included in the hydrogen gas bubbles in the liquid fuel.
By using microbubble generating apparatus 92 that hydrogen is formed micro air bubble and micro air bubble being sneaked in the liquid fuel, hydrogen can mix and be dissolved in the liquid fuel equably.By hydrogen is formed micro air bubble, though the hydrogen amount of being supplied with than the situation that makes the saturated big specific degrees of hydrogen amount of liquid fuel under, hydrogen also can be present in equably with the form of micro air bubble in the liquid fuel and not overflow from fuel.Like this, the hydrogen of sneaking into once in the liquid fuel can not be overflowed from liquid fuel in the time period of mixing between hydrogen and the burner oil, and the mixture of hydrogen and liquid fuel can be handled as liquid.
The hydrogen of sneaking in the liquid fuel supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 from hydrogen generation apparatus 90 via hydrogen supply passage 86.Hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is suitable for directly forming hydrogen from the hydrogenated liquid thing.Can make water, alcohol, gasoline, light oil etc. as the hydrogenated liquid thing.In the present embodiment, make water as the hydrogenated liquid thing.Producing the method for hydrogen by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 can be for example select to the third method from following first.
In the first method that produces hydrogen, fuel cell is applied counterelectromotive force, to form hydrogen by electrolysis to water.
In the second method that produces hydrogen, with low temperature plasma decomposed liq hydride.More specifically, make hydrogenated liquid thing experience dc pulse charge to form hydrogen.
In the third method that produces hydrogen, use the metal that is in the high activity attitude to come reducing water.For example, the friction aluminum or aluminum alloy produces pure hydrogen thus to accelerate corrosion reaction and the decomposition water molecule between water and the metal in pure water.In addition, can be to the powder feeding water of the alloy of magnesium hydride or magnesium hydride to form pure hydrogen.In addition, the metallic iron that obtains by reducing iron oxides can react with water vapour, thereby can produce pure hydrogen by the oxidation to iron.
In above-mentioned any method, can directly produce hydrogen from hydrogenated liquid thing such as water as required.Especially, according to the third method, can only produce pure hydrogen.Because hydrogen can form under lower temperature or room temperature in above-mentioned any method, so when microbubble generating apparatus 92 is sneaked into hydrogen in the liquid fuel, have relatively large hydrogen to be dissolved in the liquid fuel.
By using hydrogen generation apparatus 90 to produce hydrogen, can mainly be stored in the engine system by the hydrogen that motor uses with liquid state.Compare with the situation that gaseous state is stored in the forbay for example with hydrogen, be easier to hydrogen is handled, and the space of storing hydrogen can dwindle, thereby guarantee high arrangement efficient.In the present embodiment, supply with the water that is used for forming hydrogen via water supply path 84 from water tank 80 at hydrogen generation apparatus 90.In water supply path 84, dispose and be used for from water tank 80 pump up water and supply water to the water pump 82 of hydrogen generation apparatus 90 upwards.
In aforesaid engine system, only need be in limited range, promptly handle Gaseous Hydrogen in the hydrogen supply passage 86 between hydrogen generation apparatus 90 and microbubble generating apparatus 92.This make with legacy system on all paths from the container to the fuel injection position, handle Gaseous Hydrogen situation compare and be easier to take measures to prevent for example leakage of hydrogen.In addition, be liquid substantially by hydrogen being sneaked into the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that will be supplied to in-cylinder injection device 18 that obtains in the liquid fuel, therefore can need not to be used for traditional in-cylinder injection device of liquid fuel with changing.
The 4th embodiment's engine system comprises that ECU (electronic control unit) 50 is as its control unit.The carry-out part of ECU 50 is connected to various devices or equipment, for example comprises spark plug 16, in-cylinder injection device 18, petrolift 32, water pump 82, microbubble generating apparatus 92 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90.The input part of ECU 50 is connected to various sensors, for example comprises fuel characteristic sensor 94, is used to obtain the operational situation measuring device 52 of the information (for example comprising accelerator pedal position, the speed of a motor vehicle, engine speed, air fuel ratio, water temperature and detonating signal) about the operational situation of motor 2 and is used to obtain the atmospheric condition measuring device 54 of the information (for example comprising ambient temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure) about atmospheric condition.ECU 50 controls above-mentioned and other device based on the output of above-mentioned and other sensor according to specific control program.
The 4th embodiment's motor uses the hydrogen that adds in the liquid fuel to suppress detonation during high loaded process.Fig. 8 illustrates the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 in the present embodiment to add the flow chart of first example of control program.Program shown in Figure 8 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S400 of program shown in Figure 8, operational situation measuring device 52 is measured the detonation levels or the size of the detonation that produced in motor 2.In step S402, obtain the detonation level of not adding hydrogen the motor from the detonation level that records, and judge whether satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen based on the detonation level of not adding hydrogen.If satisfy to add the condition of hydrogen, then in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S410 by step S404.
In step S404,---for example comprise accelerator pedal position, engine speed, water temperature and air fuel ratio---according to the detonation level of motor 2 and other operational situation and obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor.The amount of hydrogen to be added for example can be defined as the ratio of the gross calorific value of the calorific capacity of hydrogen and fuel integral body (being the mixture of liquid fuel and hydrogen).In described arteries and veins spectrogram, the demand of hydrogen to be added increases along with the rising of the detonation level of not adding hydrogen in the motor.
In step S406, obtain the demand (amount that promptly needs the hydrogen that produces) of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.More specifically, obtain the demand load of motor 2, and obtain to be added in load component (will be known as " hydrogen load ") on the hydrogen from the demand of demand load and hydrogen to be added from accelerator pedal position, engine speed etc.Then, for example based on the amount of the heat that per unit hydrogen produced, calculate the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the hydrogen load.
In next procedure S408, water pump 82 work is to supply with water with the corresponding amount of demand of the hydrogen that will produce from water tank 80 to hydrogen generation apparatus 90.Then, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is carried out the hydrogen of hydrogen production process with the amount of causing the demand.So the hydrogen that produces supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 from hydrogen generation apparatus 90 subsequently.
In next procedure S410, microbubble generating apparatus 92 work to be forming micro air bubble with hydrogen, and the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, thereby liquid fuel directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
Comprise the fuel of high flammable hydrogen by injection, the detonation under the high load is suppressed, and the detonation level that records in step S400 reduces.No longer satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen if step S402 is judged to be, then the hydrogen production process in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops in step S412, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S414 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, when needs hydrogen suppresses detonation, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced is formed micro air bubble and is blended in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.Like this, when motor turns round, can suppress detonation fast under high load, thereby make and to start function to turn round, for example, under the situation that ignition timing shifts to an earlier date, turn round with high efficiency.
As required from the above-mentioned layout of water generates hydrogen, need not to store be difficult to handle, needs storage space and cause settling inefficient Gaseous Hydrogen greatly.In addition, because the hydrogen of the amount of causing the demand only, and the hydrogen that so produces all forms micro air bubble, so need not to be provided for holding the baffle-box that exceeds the excess hydrogen of hydrogen amount of supplying with that is produced.
Fig. 9 is illustrated in the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 among the 4th embodiment to add the flow chart of second example of control program.By make ECU 50 replace the program ground of Fig. 8 or on the program of Fig. 8 the program of execution graph 9 additionally, the engine system of present embodiment can be added hydrogen and be suppressed or prevent burning to change at the lean-burn duration of work being used in liquid fuel.Program shown in Figure 9 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S500 of program shown in Figure 9, operational situation measuring device 52 is measured burning change level, the size of the burning that is promptly occurred change in motor 2.More specifically, can record burning change level from the change or the variation of engine speed and/or inner pressure of air cylinder.In next procedure S502, obtain the burning change level of not adding hydrogen of motor from the burning change level that records, and whether satisfy the condition of interpolation hydrogen based on the burning change level judgement of not adding hydrogen.If satisfy to add the condition of hydrogen, then in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S510 by step S504.
In step S504,---for example comprise accelerator pedal position, engine speed, water temperature and air fuel ratio---according to the burning of motor 2 change level and other operational situation and obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor.In described arteries and veins spectrogram, the engine load that the demand of hydrogen to be added obtains along with the rising of the burning change level of not adding hydrogen of motor and from accelerator pedal position and the reduction of engine speed and increase.In next procedure S506, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.
In next procedure S508, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.Then, the hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S510) in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, and directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
Comprise the fuel of high flammable hydrogen by injection, the burning change under the low-load is suppressed, and the burning change level that records in step S500 reduces.No longer satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen if step S502 is judged to be, then the hydrogen production process in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops in step S512, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S514 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, when needs hydrogen suppresses the burning change, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced is formed micro air bubble and is blended in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.Like this, can suppress or avoid the burning change fast, thereby make and start function in the lean-burn zone that enlarges, to turn round at the lean-burn duration of work of motor.
Figure 10 is illustrated in the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 among the 4th embodiment to add the flow chart of the 3rd example of control program.By program ground that makes ECU 50 replacement Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 or the program of additionally carrying out Figure 10 on the program of Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, the engine system of present embodiment can be added hydrogen to be used to revise the characteristic of fuel in liquid fuel.When the characteristic changing of liquid fuel, the variation that the performance of motor 2 or service performance (for example cutoff boundary and knock limit) can the based on fuel characteristics and changing.In this example, hydrogen is added to revise fuel characteristic, and invariable engine performance is provided thus.Program shown in Figure 10 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S600 of program shown in Figure 10, infer the characteristic (for example interpolation degree of weight, octane value and alcohols) that is stored in the liquid fuel the fuel tank 30 by the signal that receives from fuel characteristic sensor 94.Also can infer fuel characteristic from the change of engine speed and/or inner pressure of air cylinder.In next procedure S602, judge whether the fuel characteristic of being inferred needs to add hydrogen.If liquid fuel for example is the high fuel of interpolation degree of heavy fuel or low ron fuel or alcohols, then need in fuel, to add hydrogen.Need add hydrogen if be judged to be the fuel characteristic of being inferred, then in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S610 by step S604.
In step S604, the operational situation of based on fuel characteristic and motor 2 obtains the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor.In described arteries and veins spectrogram, the demand of hydrogen to be added along with the increase of weight of fuel, octane value reduce or add alcohols ratio increase and increase.In next procedure S606, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.
In next procedure S608, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.Then, the hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S610) in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92, and directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
If the characteristic of the liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 is for example owing to fueling changes, then decidable adds hydrogen for need not in fuel in step S602.In this case, the hydrogen production process in step S612 in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S614 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, when the characteristic of liquid fuel need be added hydrogen in fuel, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced is formed micro air bubble and is blended in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.Like this, the change of fuel characteristic can be revised or eliminate, and the invariable engine performance of fuel characteristic ground maintenance can be do not relied on by the interpolation degree of control hydrogen.
Figure 11 is illustrated in the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 among the 4th embodiment to add the flow chart of the 4th example of control program.By program ground that makes ECU 50 replacement Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10 or the program of additionally carrying out Figure 11 on the program of Fig. 8, Fig. 9 and Figure 10, the engine system of present embodiment can be added hydrogen so that revise or eliminate atmospheric condition to the performance of motor 2 or the influence of service performance (for example cutoff boundary and knock limit) in liquid fuel.Program shown in Figure 11 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S700 of program shown in Figure 11, measure current atmospheric condition (for example ambient temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure) by atmospheric condition measuring device 54.In next procedure S702, judge whether measured atmospheric condition needs to add hydrogen in fuel.For example, when temperature and atmospheric pressure rising and humidity reduction, be easier to take place detonation, and may add hydrogen to suppress detonation by needs according to atmospheric conditions.Simultaneously, when temperature and atmospheric pressure reduction, be easier to take place cutoff, and may add hydrogen to prevent the cutoff in the motor by needs according to atmospheric conditions.If current atmospheric condition need be added hydrogen in fuel, then in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S710 by step S704.
In step S704, obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor according to the operational situation of atmospheric condition and motor 2.In described arteries and veins spectrogram, when the engine load that calculates from accelerator pedal position and engine speed was high, the demand of hydrogen to be added was along with the reduction of the rising of temperature and atmospheric pressure and humidity and increase.When engine load was low, the demand of hydrogen to be added increased along with the reduction of temperature and atmospheric pressure.In step S706, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.
In next procedure S708, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.The hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S710) in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, and directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
When atmospheric condition for example changed owing to the variation of the variation of weather or moving vehicle height, decidable was for need not to add hydrogen again in liquid fuel in step S702.In this case, the hydrogen production process in step S712 in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S714 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, when current atmospheric condition need be added hydrogen in liquid fuel, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced is formed micro air bubble and is blended in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.By in fuel, adding hydrogen, during high load work (situation of detonation) or low-load work (situation of cutoff), can suppress or prevent the detonation or the cutoff that take place owing to temperature, humidity and/or influence of atmosphere pressure.Like this, motor can not rely on the invariable performance of atmospheric condition ground maintenance.
Figure 12 is illustrated in the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 among the 4th embodiment to add the flow chart of the 5th example of control program.By program ground that makes ECU 50 replacement Fig. 8 to Figure 11 or the program of additionally carrying out Figure 12 on the program of Fig. 8 to Figure 11, the engine system of present embodiment can be added hydrogen so that carry out the reduction process or the heating process of catalyzer 20 in liquid fuel.Program shown in Figure 12 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S800 of program shown in Figure 12, measure the present situation of catalyzer 20 by operational situation measuring device 52.More specifically, measure by the amount of the adsorbed NOx of catalyzer 20 and the temperature of catalyzer 20.Amount by the adsorbed NOx of catalyzer 20 can be from obtaining by the measured lean-burn work of last reduction process cumulative time indirectly.The temperature of catalyzer 20 can directly be recorded by temperature transducer, perhaps can obtain indirectly from delivery temperature.
In next procedure S802, judge whether have the request of handling catalyzer 20 to send from the present situation of the catalyzer 20 that among step S800, records.For example, under the situation of amount of the NOx that adsorbs by catalyzer 20, be judged to be the reduction process that is necessary to carry out catalyzer 20 near its limit.Be lower than under the situation of proper temperature that the purifying ability that makes catalyzer 20 reaches its maximum horizontal in the temperature of catalyzer 20, be judged to be the heating process that is necessary to carry out catalyzer 20.Under any situation, all can supply with the liquid fuel that is added with hydrogen to catalyzer 20.By adding hydrogen to be used for reduction process, hydrogen works to catalyzer 20 as reducing agent, so that restore the adsorptive power of catalyzer 20 effectively.By adding hydrogen to be used for heating process, hydrogen reacts with oxygen on catalyzer 20, thereby reaction heat can be used for heatable catalyst 20 effectively.When the request that exists any catalyst treatment (being reduction process or heating process), in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S810 by step S804.
In step S804, according to the operational situation of request content of catalyst treatment (that is being that reduction process is carried out in request or heating process is carried out in request) and motor 2 demand from the arteries and veins spectrogram acquisition of prestor hydrogen to be added.In next procedure S806, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.
In next procedure S808, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.The hydrogen that is so produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S810) in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, and directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.In this example, fuel sprays and to comprise two injecting steps, that is, in aspirating stroke or compression stroke the main injection step of burner oil and in expansion stroke or exhaust stroke the secondary injecting step of burner oil.Hydrogen in the fuel that sprays in secondary injecting step arrives catalyzer 20 and not burning in firing chamber 10, with reduction process or the heating process that is used for catalyzer 20.
After the reduction process of catalyzer 20 or heating process were finished, step S802 was judged to be and need not to carry out catalyst treatment again.In this case, the hydrogen production process in step S812 in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S814 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, when needs carry out the reduction process of catalyzer 20 or heating process, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced is formed micro air bubble and is blended in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.By in fuel, adding hydrogen, carry out in request can restoring the NOx adsorptive power of catalyzer 20 fast under the situation of reduction process, and carry out in request the temperature of catalyzer 20 to be elevated to proper temperature fast under the situation of heating process.
The 5th embodiment
With reference to Figure 13, Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B, the 5th exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
Figure 13 is schematically illustrated to have adopted drive system according to the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of the internal-combustion engine of use hydrogen of the present invention.The drive system of the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of present embodiment comprises that the 4th embodiment's shown in Figure 7 engine system is as power unit.In Figure 13, be used for identifying components identical or the parts used with the 4th embodiment with identical reference character used among Fig. 7.
The drive system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power shown in Figure 13 comprises as the motor 102 of another power unit and is supplied to the driving force of motor 2 and produces the generator 106 of electric power.Motor 2, motor 102 and generator 106 are bonded with each other via power splitting mechanism 100.Be connected on the running shaft of motor 102 of power splitting mechanism 100 and be connected with reduction gear box 104.Reduction gear box 104 makes the running shaft of motor 102 engage with the live axle 96 that is connected to driving wheel 98.Power splitting mechanism 100 is suitable for the driving force of motor 2 is divided into first portion that supplies to generator 106 and the second portion that supplies to reduction gear box 104.The ratio of first and second parts of the driving force of being divided by power splitting mechanism 100 can change as required.
Drive system also comprises inverter 108, transducer 110 and high-tension battery 112.Inverter 108 is connected to generator 106 and motor 102, also is connected to high-tension battery 112 via transducer 110.The electric power that is produced by generator 106 can supply to motor 102 via inverter 108, perhaps can charge to high-tension battery 112 via inverter 108 and transducer 110.The electric energy that is stored in the high-tension battery 112 can supply to motor 102 via transducer 110 and inverter 108.
Gou Zao drive system can only use the driving force of motor 2 that driving wheel 98 is rotated when motor 102 is stopped as mentioned above, perhaps can only use the driving force of motor 102 that driving wheel 98 is rotated when motor 2 is stopped.Drive system can also make motor 102 and motor 2 both work and use the driving force of motor 102 and motor 2 that driving wheel 98 is rotated.In drive system, motor 102 can be used as the starter of motor 2.More specifically, when motor 2 startings, part or all of the driving force of motor 102 can be delivered to motor 2 via power splitting mechanism 100, so that motor 2 is run up.In addition, no matter whether motor 2 starts, motor 102 can both force static motor 2 to rotate as required.
The drive system of present embodiment is by ECU 50 controls.ECU 50 controls whole drive system all sidedly, for example comprises motor 102, generator 106, power splitting mechanism 100, inverter 108 and transducer 110, and the engine system that comprises motor 2.Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B illustrate the flow chart that the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 in the present embodiment adds control program.Program shown in Figure 14 A and Figure 14 B is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S900 of the program shown in Figure 14 A, judge whether motor 2 turns round in firing chamber 10 under the situation that fuel burns.If motor 2 turns round, then in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S908 by step S902 under the situation of fuel combustion.
In step S902, obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor according to the operational situation of motor 2.For example, when motor turns round, obtain to be used to suppress the hydrogen amount to be added of detonation under high load, when motor turns round, obtain to be used to prevent or suppress the hydrogen amount to be added of cutoff or burning change under low-load.In next procedure S904, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.
In next procedure S906, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.The hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S908) in the liquid fuel.By supplying with the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen to motor 2, can when high loaded process, suppress detonation fast, thereby feasiblely start function to turn round with high efficiency, for example, under the situation that ignition timing shifts to an earlier date, turn round.Also can when low load operation, suppress or prevent cutoff or burning change fast, thereby the feasible function of starting turns round in the lean-burn zone that enlarges.
On the other hand, stop if step S900 is judged to be to burn in motor 2, then ECU 50 forwards step S910 to.In step S910, judge whether have the request of catalyst treatment to send from the present situation of catalyzer 20.When during near its limit, being judged to be the reduction process that is necessary to carry out catalyzer 20 by the amount of the NOx of catalyzer 20 absorption.When the temperature of catalyzer 20 is lower than when making the maximized proper temperature of its purifying ability, be judged to be the heating process that is necessary to carry out catalyzer 20.If any catalyst treatment is carried out in the request of being judged to be in step S910, then carry out step S916 as described below to step S924 in liquid fuel, to add hydrogen and to supply with the liquid fuel that is added with hydrogen to catalyzer 20.
In step S916, according to the demand that the request content (being that reduction process is carried out in request or heating process is carried out in request) of catalyst treatment is obtained hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor.In step S918, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.In step S920, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.The hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked into (step S922) in the liquid fuel.
In step S924, power splitting mechanism 100 work makes part or all of driving force of motor 102 be delivered to motor 2 via power splitting mechanism 100.As a result, motor 2 is forced to rotate and as sucking air from inlet air pathway and it being entered the pump work of exhaust passageway 6 under the driving force effect of motor 102.
In step S924, when motor 102 forced motor 2 rotations, ECU 50 transmitted jeting instruction to the in-cylinder injection device, thereby the liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen (being mixed with the fuel of hydrogen) is sprayed into the firing chamber from the in-cylinder injection device.In this case, the in-cylinder injection device of each cylinder all can be worked, and perhaps has only the in-cylinder injection device of specific cylinder to work.The quantity of the in-cylinder injection device of working also can be determined according to the amount of the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that will supply with to catalyzer 20.
Under the situation of motor 2, spray into the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen the respective combustion chamber with being discharged into the exhaust passageway 6 by former state ground (being unburned) from the inlet air pathway inhaled air from each in-cylinder injection device as pump work.At this moment, the closure of inlet air pathway is to close under the situation of reduction process in the catalyst treatment that needs carry out.Under the situation of closed throttle, air inflow is limited, and the percentage of air reduces in fuel that is mixed with hydrogen and AIR MIXTURES.As a result, the gas that hydrogen concentration is very high is fed into catalyzer 20, thereby forms the reducing atmosphere of rich hydrogen around catalyzer 20.
On the other hand, be that closure is opened under the situation of heating process in the catalyst treatment that needs carry out, thereby air is inhaled in the firing chamber with the amount corresponding to amount of fuel injected.The ratio that is controlled such that air fuel ratio or air and is mixed with the fuel of hydrogen of opening of closure becomes and equals to be suitable for the air fuel ratio of the combustion reaction on the catalyzer 20.Resulting fuel and the AIR MIXTURES that is mixed with hydrogen supplies to catalyzer 20 through exhaust passageway 6, and the fuel and the oxygen that are mixed with hydrogen carries out combustion reaction on catalyzer 20, thus the temperature of rising catalyzer 20.
After the reduction process of catalyzer 20 or heating process were finished, step S910 was judged to be and need not to carry out catalyst treatment again.In this case, the hydrogen production process in step S912 in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S914 subsequently stops.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, operational situation according to motor 2 when motor 2 turns round with fuel combustion is added hydrogen in liquid fuel, thereby motor 2 can running effectively in by the operation range of the expansion that knock limit or lean flammability limit limited.Because burning is sprayed under by the situation of motor 102 rotations at motor 2 when stopping and being mixed with the fuel of hydrogen in motor 2, can not influence the performance or the service performance of motor 2 so can carry out the reduction process of catalyzer 20 or heating process effectively.
The the 4th and the 5th embodiment's modified example
The the aforesaid the of the present invention the 4th and the 5th embodiment can for example make amendment in the following manner.
Although the in-cylinder injection device 18 that injects fuel directly in the firing chamber 10 is set to fuel injection system, also can use the tuned port injection device that fuel is sprayed into suction port in motor shown in Figure 7.Although motor shown in Figure 7 is a petrol engine, the present invention also can be applicable to diesel engine.
Although motor vehicle driven by mixed power shown in Figure 13 can use the one or both in motor 2 and the motor 102 to travel, the present invention also can be applicable to the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of other type, as long as this vehicle can use motor 102 to travel at least.That is, motor 2 can only be used for generating electricity.
The 6th embodiment
Next with reference to Figure 15, Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B, the 6th exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The schematically illustrated system of the internal-combustion engine (hereafter is " motor ") of the use hydrogen of structure according to a sixth embodiment of the invention of Figure 15.The motor of present embodiment has motor 2.Except in exhaust passageway 6, disposing outside the catalyzer (for example, the NOx catalyzer) 20 that is used for purification of combustion gas, basic identical among the structure of motor 2 and first embodiment, thereby motor 2 is not described at this.In Figure 15, be used for identifying engine system components identical or parts with first embodiment and the 4th embodiment with identical reference character used among Fig. 1 and Fig. 7.
In the engine system of Figure 15, the in-cylinder injection device 18 of motor 2 is connected to fuel tank 30 via fuel supply path 34.In fuel tank 30, store liquid carbon hydrogen fuel such as gasoline are arranged.Liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 is upwards aspirated by the petrolift (high-pressure service pump) 32 that is configured in the fuel supply path 34, and supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 after being compressed into the specified pressure level of the combustion-gas pressure that is higher than in the firing chamber 10.Petrolift 32 can be the mechanical pump that is driven by motor 2, or by electric motor driven motor-drive pump.
In fuel supply path 34, dispose path selector valve 114 in the upstream of petrolift 32.Path selector valve 114 can be the three-way valve with an outlet and two inlets.Described outlet is connected to the downstream side (side of promptly more close petrolift 32) of fuel supply path 34, and one of described inlet is connected to the upstream side (promptly more close fuel inlet one side) of fuel supply path 34.Another inlet of path selector valve 114 is connected to an end of fuel cycle path 78.Fuel cycle path 78 is arranged abreast with fuel supply path 34, and the other end of path 78 is connected near the in-cylinder injection device 18 in the fuel supply path 34, more specifically, be connected to the delivery pipe 34a that is used for liquid fuel component between the in-cylinder injection device 18 of each cylinder.
In fuel supply path 34, dispose the microbubble generating apparatus 92 that is used for hydrogen is sneaked into as another kind of fuel liquid fuel in the downstream of petrolift 32.It is tens of micron or littler micro air bubble (will be known as " micro air bubble ") that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms diameter with hydrogen, and described micro air bubble is sneaked in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34.By using microbubble generating apparatus 92 that the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the liquid fuel, hydrogen can be blended in the liquid fuel equably, and can promote the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel.The method that produces micro air bubbles by microbubble generating apparatus 92 is not limited to the method for any specific, as long as hydrogen can form the micro air bubble in the liquid fuel.For example, can adopt in the above to the third method any about the 4th embodiment described first.
The hydrogen of sneaking in the liquid fuel supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 from hydrogen generation apparatus 90 via hydrogen supply passage 86.Hydrogen generation apparatus 90 can directly form hydrogen from the hydrogenated liquid thing.For example, can make water, alcohol, gasoline, light oil etc. as the hydrogenated liquid thing.In the present embodiment, make water as the hydrogenated liquid thing.Hydrogen generation apparatus 90 can be for example by in the above about a kind of the produce hydrogen of the 4th embodiment described first to the third method.
By using hydrogen generation apparatus 90 to produce hydrogen, can mainly be stored in the engine system by the hydrogen that motor uses with liquid state.Compare with the situation of for example in forbay, storing Gaseous Hydrogen, be easier to hydrogen is handled, and the space of storing hydrogen can dwindle, thereby guarantee high arrangement efficient.In the present embodiment, supply with the water that is used for forming hydrogen via water supply path 84 from water tank 80 at hydrogen generation apparatus 90.In water supply path 84, dispose and be used for from water tank 80 pump up water and supply water to the water pump 82 of hydrogen generation apparatus 90 upwards.
The 6th embodiment's engine system comprises that ECU (electronic control unit) 50 is as its control unit.On the carry-out part of ECU 50, be connected with various devices or parts, for example comprise spark plug 16, in-cylinder injection device 18, petrolift 32, water pump 82, microbubble generating apparatus 92, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 and path selector valve 114.On the input part of ECU 50, be connected with various sensors, the operational situation measuring device 52 that for example comprises the information (for example, accelerator pedal position, the speed of a motor vehicle, engine speed, air fuel ratio, water temperature and detonating signal) that is used to obtain about the operational situation of motor 2.ECU50 controls above-mentioned and other device based on the output of above-mentioned and other sensor according to specific control program.
By the engine system of structure as mentioned above, when being necessary when becoming in liquid fuel, to add hydrogen, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced formed micro air bubble and sneak in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.In the program shown in the flow chart of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B is first example that the hydrogen carried out by ECU 50 in the 6th embodiment adds control program.The hydrogen that illustrates in greater detail according to present embodiment below with reference to the flow chart of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B adds control.The program of Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S1100 of the program shown in Figure 16 A, judge whether satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen based on the operational situation of the motor 2 that records by operational situation measuring device 52.For example, when motor turns round, when perhaps in motor 2 may produce the operation range that changes of burning, turning round, can satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen in the operation range that detonation may take place.If satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen, then in step S1102, do further to judge, and carry out the process of suitable interpolation hydrogen according to the result of determination in this step.
In step S1102, judge whether regenerating control, i.e. regenerative system 116 current whether work.For example, when turning round with fuel combustion motor 2 is under the situation of quickening at vehicle or travelling with constant speed, the control of not regenerating, perhaps regenerative system 116 is not worked.In this case, in liquid fuel, add hydrogen by step S1104 as described below to the operation of step S1110.
In step S1104, obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor according to the operational situation of motor 2.The amount of hydrogen to be added for example can be defined as the ratio of the gross calorific value of the calorific capacity of hydrogen and fuel integral body (being the mixture of liquid fuel and hydrogen).In next procedure S1106, obtain the demand (being the amount that needs the hydrogen that produces in the time per unit) of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.More specifically, obtain the demand load of motor 2, and obtain to be added in load component (will be known as " hydrogen load ") on the hydrogen from the demand of demand load and hydrogen to be added from accelerator pedal position, engine speed etc.Then, based on the amount of the heat that per unit hydrogen produced, calculate the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the hydrogen load.
In next procedure S1108, water pump 82 work is to supply with water with the corresponding amount of demand of the hydrogen that will produce from water tank 80 to hydrogen generation apparatus 90.Then, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is carried out the hydrogen of hydrogen production process with the amount of causing the demand.At this moment, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is supplied with power with the electric energy that is stored in the battery 118.So the hydrogen that produces supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 from hydrogen generation apparatus 90.
In next procedure S1110, microbubble generating apparatus 92 is worked with the micro air bubble of formation hydrogen, and the hydrogen of micro air bubble form is sneaked in the liquid fuel.The liquid fuel that mixes with hydrogen supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 from microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, and directly sprays into the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.
Comprise the fuel of high flammable hydrogen by injection, can during high-load engine operation, suppress detonation, perhaps between the low load engine on-stream period, suppress or reduce the burning change.If do not satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen in step S1100, then the hydrogen production process in the hydrogen generation apparatus 90 stops in step S1122, and the process that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms micro air bubble in step S1124 subsequently stops.
Control is carried out if ECU 50 is judged to be regeneration in step S1102, then judges whether carrying out fuel cut-off control, promptly whether fuel just stops from the injection of in-cylinder injection device 18 is current in step S1112.In the vehicle deceleration process, the fuel of in-cylinder injection device 18 is injected in fuel cut-off control to be stopped down basically, therefore obtains sure judgement (being) in step S1112.But if engine speed is reduced to specific rotation speeds (for example, idling), then fuel sprays and temporarily recovers to prevent that engine speed from further reducing.In this case, in step S1112, obtain negative judgement (denying).When in step S1112, obtaining sure judgement (being), in liquid fuel, add hydrogen to the operation of step S1118 by step S1114 as described below.
In step S1114, path selector valve 114 is switched to the position that the inlet that is connected to fuel cycle path 78 is opened, petrolift 32 work simultaneously.As a result, the highly pressurised liquid fuel that is boosted by petrolift 32 is supplied to through fuel cycle path 78 gets back to fuel supply path 34, and the circulatory system circulation of the liquid fuel that constitutes via fuel supply path 34 and fuel cycle path 78.The flow fuel of carrying from petrolift 32 during fuel cycle is set to predetermined flow cycle time.
In step S1116, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.The demand of the hydrogen that produces is calculated by the demand of the flow of fuel liquid fuel of cycle period in the circulatory system and hydrogen to be added.At this moment, the regenerative system 116 that has been connected to battery 118 is connected to hydrogen generation apparatus 90, thereby all electric energy that produced by regenerative system 116 supply to hydrogen generation apparatus 90 to be used for the hydrogen production process.
In step S1118, microbubble generating apparatus 92 work is to form hydrogen micro air bubble and the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the circulatory system in the flowing liquid fuel.Sneak in the circuit liquid fuel by the micro air bubble of formation hydrogen and with the micro air bubble of hydrogen, the hydrogen that is produced can be stored in the liquid fuel.
If in step S1112, obtain negative judgement (denying), then execution in step S1120.In step S1120, path selector valve 114 is switched go back to the normal position that the inlet that is connected to fuel inlet is opened, thereby liquid fuel stops circulation, and fuel is recovered from the normal fuel supply system that fuel tank 30 supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18.At this moment, hydrogen has been added in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34 and has satisfied the demand of hydrogen to be added, therefore can restart to spray the liquid fuel that be mixed with sufficient quantity hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 immediately after fuel sprays.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 utilizes the electric energy that is produced by regenerative system 116 in the hydrogen production process.Even this feasible being full of at battery 118 also can make regenerative system 116 work to reclaim the deceleration energy of vehicle under the electric situation.Like this, the engine system of present embodiment can produce hydrogen by the deceleration energy that effectively utilizes vehicle, thereby has saved energy and realized high energy efficiency.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, the hydrogen that is produced is sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel at the fuel cut-off control period, thereby can spray once restarting to supply with the liquid fuel that has been added with hydrogen to in-cylinder injection device 18 at fuel.
In addition, add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, liquid fuel is along fuel supply path 34 and 78 circulations of fuel cycle path, and hydrogen sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel, thereby can store relatively large hydrogen in the liquid fuel within.Especially,, can promote the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel, and can store relatively large hydrogen in the liquid fuel within by as in the present embodiment, the hydrogen of micro air bubble form being sneaked in the liquid fuel.This makes it possible to utilize more deceleration energy to produce hydrogen, thereby guarantees higher energy efficiency.
Figure 17 is illustrated in the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 among the 6th embodiment to add the flow chart of second example of control program.By the program that the program that makes ECU 50 carry out Figure 17 is replaced Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B, the reduction process that hydrogen carries out catalyzer 20 is added in the engine system utilization of present embodiment in liquid fuel.In Figure 17, be used to identify with the hydrogen shown in Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B with identical number of steps used among Figure 16 A and Figure 16 B and add the work step that control program has identical content, and no longer the work step that repeats is described.The program of Figure 17 is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In program shown in Figure 17, if satisfy the condition (in step S1100, obtaining "Yes") of adding hydrogen, and the control work (obtaining "Yes" in step S1102) and working (obtaining "Yes" in step S1112) under fuel cut-off control down of regenerating that vehicle is current is then at step S1114 execution in step S1200 to the operation of step S1118.
In step S1200, judge whether satisfy the condition of carrying out the catalyst reduction process.If the amount by the NOx of catalyzer 20 absorption surpasses predetermined threshold amount, then condition satisfies.Can record indirectly or obtain from the total lean-burn operating time that records in last once reduction process by the amount of the NOx of catalyzer 20 absorption.Carry out skipping step S1202 as described below and step S1204 before the condition of catalyst reduction process satisfying.
If satisfy the condition of carrying out the catalyst reduction process, then execution in step S1202 and step S1204.In step S1202, path selector valve 114 is switched to the normal position with the circulation of stop liquid fuel, and fuel is recovered from the normal fuel supply system that fuel tank 30 supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18.
In next procedure S1204, pass on jeting instructions to in-cylinder injection device 18, and the liquid fuel (hydrogen-rich fuel) that is mixed with hydrogen sprays into directly the firing chamber 10 from in-cylinder injection device 18.Because during hydrogen has added liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34 by step S1114 to the operation of step S1118, so behind the fuel injection beginning, spray the liquid fuel that is mixed with sufficient quantity hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 immediately.If spark plug 16 is worked at the fuel cut-off control period, then the fuel injection timing with in-cylinder injection device 18 is set at actuating spark plug 16 moment afterwards, moment in expansion stroke or exhaust stroke for example is to prevent that fuel is in the igniting after-combustion.In step S1204, the in-cylinder injection device 18 of all cylinders all can be worked, and perhaps has only the in-cylinder injection device 18 of specific cylinder to work.The quantity of the in-cylinder injection device 18 of working also can be determined according to the amount of the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen that will supply with to catalyzer 20.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen can supply to catalyzer 20 and not burning in firing chamber 10 to former state.Because hydrogen has high reducing capacity, so make reduction process to carry out effectively on catalyzer 20 to catalyzer 20 hydrogen supplies.
The 6th embodiment's modified example
The aforesaid sixth embodiment of the present invention can for example be made amendment in the following manner.
Although electric energy directly supplies to hydrogen generation apparatus 90 from regenerative system 116 in described embodiment, electric energy also can supply to hydrogen generation apparatus 90 via battery 118 from regenerative system 116.In this case, the electric energy that is produced by regenerative system 116 can be used for earlier to battery 118 chargings, and remaining electric energy can supply to hydrogen generation apparatus 90.
Although the in-cylinder injection device 18 that injects fuel directly in motor shown in Figure 15 in the firing chamber 10 is set to fuel injection system, also can use the tuned port injection device that fuel is sprayed into suction port to replace in-cylinder injection device 18.In this case, quit work, thereby can prevent that the fuel that is mixed with hydrogen from burning when carrying out the catalyst reduction process the firing chamber when fuel sprays from the tuned port injection device at fuel cut-off control period spark plug.
Although motor shown in Figure 15 is a petrol engine, the present invention also can be applicable to diesel engine.
The 7th embodiment
Next with reference to Figure 18, Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B, the 7th exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
The schematically illustrated system of the internal-combustion engine 2 (hereafter is " motor ") of the use hydrogen of structure according to a seventh embodiment of the invention of Figure 18.Except in exhaust passageway 6, disposing outside the catalyzer (for example, the NOx catalyzer) 20 that is used for purification of combustion gas, basic identical among the structure of motor 2 and first embodiment.Therefore, motor 2 is not described further.In Figure 18, be used for identifying engine system components identical or parts with first embodiment and the 4th embodiment with identical reference character used among Fig. 1 and Fig. 7.
In the 7th embodiment's engine system, the in-cylinder injection device 18 of motor 2 is connected to fuel tank 30 via fuel supply path 34.In fuel tank 30, store liquid carbon hydrogen fuel such as gasoline are arranged.Liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 is upwards aspirated by the petrolift (high-pressure service pump) 32 that is configured in the fuel supply path 34, and supplies to in-cylinder injection device 18 after being compressed into the specified pressure level of the combustion-gas pressure that is higher than in the firing chamber 10.Petrolift 32 can be the mechanical pump that is driven by motor 2, or by electric motor driven motor-drive pump.
In fuel supply path 34, dispose path selector valve 114 in the upstream of petrolift 32.Path selector valve 114 is the three-way valve with an outlet and two inlets.Described outlet is connected to the downstream side (side of promptly more close petrolift 32) of fuel supply path 34, and one of described inlet is connected to the upstream side (promptly more close fuel inlet one side) of fuel supply path 34.Another inlet of path selector valve 114 is connected to an end of fuel cycle path 78.Fuel cycle path 78 is arranged abreast with fuel supply path 34, and the other end of path 78 is connected near the in-cylinder injection device 18 in the fuel supply path 34, more specifically, be connected to the delivery pipe 34a that is used for liquid fuel component between the in-cylinder injection device 18 of each cylinder.
In fuel supply path 34, dispose the microbubble generating apparatus 92 that is used for hydrogen is sneaked into as another kind of fuel liquid fuel in the downstream of petrolift 32.It is tens of micron or littler micro air bubble (will be known as " micro air bubble ") that microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms diameter with hydrogen, and described micro air bubble is sneaked in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34.By using microbubble generating apparatus 92 that the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the liquid fuel, hydrogen can be blended in the liquid fuel equably, and can promote the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel.The method that produces micro air bubbles by microbubble generating apparatus 92 is not limited to the method for any specific, as long as hydrogen can form the micro air bubble in the liquid fuel.For example, can adopt in the above to the third method any about the 4th embodiment described first.
The hydrogen of sneaking in the liquid fuel supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 from hydrogen generation apparatus 90 via hydrogen supply passage 86.Hydrogen generation apparatus 90 can directly form hydrogen from the hydrogenated liquid thing.For example, the hydrogenated liquid thing can be selected from water, alcohol, gasoline, light oil and other compound.In the present embodiment, make water as the hydrogenated liquid thing.Hydrogen generation apparatus 90 can be for example by in the above about a kind of the produce hydrogen of the 4th embodiment described first to the third method.
By using hydrogen generation apparatus 90 to produce hydrogen, can mainly be stored in the engine system by the hydrogen that motor uses with liquid state.Compare with the situation of for example in forbay, storing Gaseous Hydrogen, be easier to hydrogen is handled, and the space of storing hydrogen can dwindle, thereby guarantee high arrangement efficient.In the present embodiment, supply with the water that is used for forming hydrogen via water supply path 84 from water tank 80 at hydrogen generation apparatus 90.In water supply path 84, dispose and be used for from water tank 80 pump up water and supply water to the water pump 82 of hydrogen generation apparatus 90 upwards.
The 7th embodiment's engine system comprises that ECU (electronic control unit) 50 is as its control unit.On the carry-out part of ECU 50, be connected with various devices or parts, for example comprise spark plug 16, in-cylinder injection device 18, petrolift 32, water pump 82, microbubble generating apparatus 92, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 and path selector valve 114.On the input part of ECU 50, be connected with various sensors, the operational situation measuring device 52 and the gate switch of opening 120 that is used to detect the driver side car door that for example comprise the information (for example, accelerator pedal position, the speed of a motor vehicle, engine speed, air fuel ratio, water temperature and detonating signal) that is used to obtain about the operational situation of motor 2.ECU 50 controls above-mentioned and other device based on the output of above-mentioned and other sensor according to specific control program.
By the engine system of structure as mentioned above, when being necessary when becoming in liquid fuel, to add hydrogen, directly produce hydrogen from water, and the hydrogen that is produced formed micro air bubble and sneak in the liquid fuel by hydrogen generation apparatus 90.In the program shown in the flow chart of Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B is that the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 during in engine start according to the 7th embodiment adds control program.Illustrate in greater detail below with reference to the flow chart of Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B that performed hydrogen adds control when the engine start.The program of Figure 19 A and Figure 19 B is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S2100 of the program shown in Figure 19 A, whether open by the signal determining driver side car door that transmits from gate switch 120.When the driver side car door opening, the signal of gate switch 120 switches to out (ON) from closing (OFF).Want to pilot engine 2 from the prediction driver that opens of driver side car door.That is, prediction motor 2 will start.When the driver side car door is in closed condition, do not carry out the following step, a repeated execution of steps S2100.
When the driver side car door opening, promptly when prediction motor 2 will start the time, execution in step S2102 is to judge whether satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen when the engine start.For example, when coolant temperature is equal to or less than threshold temperature, or atmospheric condition may cause cutoff during the low load operation of motor, or the characteristic of the liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 can satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen when engine start may cause cutoff the time.If do not satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen, then hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is not carried out the hydrogen production process in step S2122, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 is not carried out the process that forms micro air bubble in step S2124.
If satisfy to add the condition of hydrogen, then execution in step S2104 and follow-up step are to add hydrogen in liquid fuel.In step S2104, obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added when the engine start from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor.The amount of hydrogen to be added for example can be defined as the ratio of the gross calorific value of the calorific capacity of hydrogen and fuel integral body (being the mixture of liquid fuel and hydrogen).In next procedure S2106, the demand of the hydrogen that will produce from the demand acquisition of flow of circuit liquid fuel the above-mentioned circulatory system (i.e. the flow fuel of carrying) and hydrogen to be added (amount that promptly needs the hydrogen that produces) from hydraulic pressure petrolift 32.
In step S2108, petrolift 32 work is with the pressure of the liquid fuel that begins to raise, and path selector valve 114 is switched to the position that the inlet that is connected to fuel cycle path 78 is opened.As a result, the highly pressurised liquid fuel that is boosted by petrolift 32 turns back to fuel supply path 34 through fuel cycle path 78, and circulates along the fuel circulating system of fuel supply path 34 and fuel cycle path 78 formations.During fuel cycle, the flow fuel of carrying from petrolift 32 is set to predetermined flow cycle time.
In step S2110, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to the hydrogen that will produce.In next procedure S2112, the hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked in the described circulatory system in the circuit liquid fuel.By the micro air bubble of hydrogen is sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel, the hydrogen that was produced before motor 2 startings can be stored in the liquid fuel.
After hydrogen added in the liquid fuel by aforesaid step S2104 to the operation of step S2112, whether execution in step S2114 sent with judgement 2 the request of piloting engine.When switch starter when for example ignition switch switches to out (ON) from closing (OFF), decidable is for having sent start request.When 2 request is piloted engine in existence, in step S2116, carry out engine start control, for example use starter to run up, to pilot engine 2.
After having carried out engine start control, judge in step S2118 whether the starting of motor 2 is finished.For example, when engine speed rose to the predetermined threshold value rotating speed, decidable was finished for starting.Motor 2 during starts (promptly before motor 2 starting is finished), path selector valve 114 does not switch to the normal position, unless fuel pressure is reduced to below the predeterminated level, and liquid fuel remains in the circulatory system and circulates.
After the starting of motor 2 is finished, execution in step S2120.In step S2120, path selector valve 114 is switched go back to the normal position, so that liquid fuel stops circulation, and formation makes fuel supply to the normal fuel supply system of in-cylinder injection device 18 from fuel tank 30 again.Owing to hydrogen has been added to the demand that satisfies hydrogen in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34, therefore can behind the fuel injection beginning, spray the liquid fuel that be mixed with sufficient quantity hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 immediately.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, hydrogen is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 at motor 2 prestarts, and so the hydrogen that produces is sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel, supplies with the liquid fuel that has been added with hydrogen thereby can spray at the very start from fuel to in-cylinder injection device 18.In addition, because hydrogen is formed micro air bubble and sneaks in the liquid fuel with the form of micro air bubble, thus can promote the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel, and can supply with liquid fuel with a large amount of hydrogen.Therefore, owing to turn round at the beginning from motor 2 (promptly being right after in motor 2 starting backs) just adds hydrogen, the function of starting of present embodiment realizes stable burning, and thus can be with very rare air fuel ratio running, or the ignition timing running to postpone greatly, with the temperature of quick rising catalyzer 20.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, from water generates hydrogen, and the hydrogen that so produces is stored in the circuit liquid fuel with the form of micro air bubble when prediction motor 2 will start.Like this, the engine system of present embodiment does not need to be used to hold the case of gaseous hydrogen, thereby can guarantee to reduce the conveniency or the efficient of manufacture cost and raising installation system on vehicle.
The 8th embodiment
With reference to Figure 20, Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B, the 8th exemplary embodiment of the present invention is elaborated.
Figure 20 is schematically illustrated to have adopted drive system according to the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of the internal-combustion engine of use hydrogen of the present invention.The drive system of the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of present embodiment comprises that the 7th embodiment's shown in Figure 180 engine system is as power unit.In Figure 20, be used for identifying components identical or the parts used with the 7th embodiment with identical reference character used among Figure 18.
The drive system of motor vehicle driven by mixed power shown in Figure 20 comprises as the motor 102 of another power unit and is supplied to the driving force of motor 2 and produces the generator 106 of electric power.Motor 2, motor 102 and generator 106 are bonded with each other via power splitting mechanism 100.Be connected on the running shaft of motor 102 of power splitting mechanism 100 and be connected with reduction gear box 104.Reduction gear box 104 makes the running shaft of motor 102 engage with the live axle 96 that is connected to driving wheel 98.Power splitting mechanism 100 is suitable for the driving force of motor 2 is divided into first portion that supplies to generator 106 and the second portion that supplies to reduction gear box 104.The amount of first and second parts of the driving force of being divided by power splitting mechanism 100 can change as required.
Drive system also comprises inverter 108, transducer 110 and high-tension battery 112.Inverter 108 is connected to generator 106 and motor 102, also is connected to high-tension battery 112 via transducer 110.The electric power that is produced by generator 106 can supply to motor 102 via inverter 108, perhaps can charge to high-tension battery 112 via inverter 108 and transducer 110.The electric energy that is stored in the high-tension battery 112 can supply to motor 102 via transducer 110 and inverter 108.
Gou Zao drive system can only use the driving force of motor 2 that driving wheel 98 is rotated when motor 102 is stopped as mentioned above, perhaps on the contrary, can when being stopped, only use by motor 2 driving force of motor 102 that driving wheel 98 is rotated.Drive system can also make motor 102 and motor 2 both work and use the driving force of motor 102 and motor 2 that driving wheel 98 is rotated.In drive system, motor 102 can be used as the starter of motor 2.More specifically, when motor 2 startings, part or all of the driving force of motor 102 can be delivered to motor 2 via power splitting mechanism 100, so that motor 2 is run up.In addition, no matter whether motor 2 starts, motor 102 can both force static motor 2 to rotate as required.
The drive system of present embodiment is by ECU 50 controls.ECU 50 controls whole drive system all sidedly, for example comprises motor 102, generator 106, power splitting mechanism 100, inverter 108 and transducer 110, and the engine system that comprises motor 2.Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B illustrate the flow chart that the hydrogen of being carried out by ECU 50 in the present embodiment adds control program.This program is included in the engine start control that makes motor 2 startings when vehicle travels with the work of motor 102.Flow chart with reference to Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B is elaborated to the interpolation of the hydrogen in motor vehicle driven by mixed power control.Program shown in Figure 21 A and Figure 21 B is carried out at regular intervals, for example carries out when bent axle arrives predetermined crank angle at every turn.
In the initial step S2200 of the program shown in Figure 21 A, judge whether satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen.At motor 2 under the situation of this unstart still constantly, for example, when coolant temperature is equal to or less than threshold temperature, or atmospheric condition may cause cutoff during the low load operation of motor, or the characteristic of the liquid fuel in the fuel tank 30 can satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen may cause cutoff the time.On the other hand, under the situation that motor 2 started in this moment, for example, when motor 2 turns round in the operation range that detonation may take place, when perhaps in motor 2 may produce the operation range that changes of burning, turning round, also can satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen.If do not satisfy the condition of adding hydrogen, then hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is not carried out the hydrogen production process in step S2224, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 is not carried out the process that forms micro air bubble in step S2226.
If satisfy to add the condition of hydrogen, then execution in step S2202 and follow-up step are to add hydrogen in liquid fuel.In step S2202, obtain the demand of hydrogen to be added from the arteries and veins spectrogram of prestor according to the operational situation of motor 2.Under the situation of this unstart still constantly, the demand of hydrogen to be added is the amount of the hydrogen that need add when engine start at motor 2.On the other hand, under the situation that motor 2 started in this moment, the amount of the hydrogen that the demand of hydrogen to be added is added for the needs that obtain based on accelerator pedal position, engine speed etc.
In step S2204, obtain the demand of the hydrogen that will produce according to the demand of hydrogen to be added.At motor 2 under the situation of this unstart still constantly, from the demand of hydrogen to be added and the circulatory system the flow (i.e. the flow fuel of carrying) of circuit liquid fuel from hydraulic pressure petrolift 32 calculate the demand of the hydrogen that will produce.Under the situation that motor 2 started in this moment, for example calculate the demand of the hydrogen that will produce from the amount of the heat that demand load and per unit hydrogen produced of the demand of hydrogen to be added, motor 2.
In step S2206, judge whether the engine start request marks is ON (effectively).The engine start request marks switches to ON from OFF (invalid) need pilot engine the time when ECU 50 is judged to be.The engine start request marks switches to OFF from ON when the starting of motor 2 is finished.
If the engine start request marks is ON, then add control by the hydrogen of step S2212 when engine start is carried out in the operation of step S2222.In step S2212, petrolift 32 work is with the pressure of the liquid fuel that begins to raise, and path selector valve 114 is switched to the position that the inlet that is connected to fuel cycle path 78 is opened.As a result, the highly pressurised liquid fuel that is boosted by petrolift 32 turns back to fuel supply path 34 through fuel cycle path 78, and circulates in the fuel circulating system that is made of fuel supply path 34 and fuel cycle path 78 thus.The flow fuel of carrying from petrolift 32 during fuel cycle is set to predetermined flow cycle time.
In step S2214, water pump 82 and hydrogen generation apparatus 90 work are carried out the hydrogen production process with the demand according to hydrogen to be added.In next procedure S2216, the hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked in the described circulatory system in the circuit liquid fuel.By the hydrogen of micro air bubble form is sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel, the hydrogen that was produced before motor 2 startings can be stored in the liquid fuel.
After hydrogen adds in the liquid fuel by aforesaid step S2212 to the operation of step S2216, in step S2218, carry out and be used to pilot engine 2 engine start control.In engine start control, power splitting mechanism 100 work are to be delivered to motor 2 with part or all of the driving force of motor 102 via power splitting mechanism 100.The motor 2 that receives the driving force of motor 102 begins to run up, and sprays from in-cylinder injection device 18 then to be mixed with the fuel of hydrogen, thereby pilots engine 2.
After having carried out engine start control, judge in step S2220 whether the starting of motor 2 is finished.For example, when engine speed rose to the predetermined threshold value rotating speed, ECU 50 decidables were finished for starting.Motor 2 during starts (promptly before motor 2 starting is finished), path selector valve 114 does not switch to the normal position, unless fuel pressure is reduced to below the predeterminated level, and liquid fuel remains in the circulatory system and circulates.
When the starting of motor 2 is finished, execution in step S2222.In step S2222, path selector valve 114 is switched go back to the normal position, so that liquid fuel stops circulation, and formation makes fuel supply to the normal fuel supply system of in-cylinder injection device 18 from fuel tank 30 again.Because the hydrogen of existing demand is added in the liquid fuel in the fuel supply path 34, therefore can spray the liquid fuel that be mixed with sufficient quantity hydrogen from in-cylinder injection device 18 immediately behind the fuel injection beginning.
After motor 2 startings were finished, the engine start request marks switched to OFF from ON.As a result, in the next one circulation of the program of Figure 21 A, in step S2206, obtain negative judgement (denying).In this case, add control by the hydrogen during the operation execution engine running of step S2208 and step S2210.In step S2208, hydrogen generation apparatus 90 is carried out the hydrogen production process according to the demand of the hydrogen that will produce.The hydrogen that is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 supplies to microbubble generating apparatus 92 subsequently, and microbubble generating apparatus 92 forms hydrogen micro air bubble again and micro air bubble is sneaked in the liquid fuel in step S2210.By supplying with the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen to motor 2, can during high-load engine operation, suppress detonation fast, thereby make motor 2 to turn round with high efficiency, for example, under the situation that ignition timing shifts to an earlier date, turn round.Also can between the low load engine on-stream period, suppress or prevent cutoff or burning change fast, thereby make motor 2 in the lean-burn zone that enlarges, to turn round.
Add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, hydrogen is produced by hydrogen generation apparatus 90 at motor 2 prestarts when vehicle travels with the driving force of motor 102, and so the hydrogen that produces is sneaked in the circuit liquid fuel, supplies with the liquid fuel that is mixed with hydrogen thereby can spray at the very start from fuel to in-cylinder injection device 18.In addition, owing to hydrogen is sneaked in the liquid fuel with the form of micro air bubble, thus can promote the dissolving of hydrogen in liquid fuel, and can supply with liquid fuel with a large amount of hydrogen.In drive system according to the 8th embodiment's motor vehicle driven by mixed power, just add hydrogen owing to turn round at the beginning promptly to be right after after motor 2 starts from motor 2, so motor 2 can be realized stable burning, and thus can be with very rare air fuel ratio running, or the ignition timing running to postpone greatly, with the temperature of quick rising catalyzer 20.
In addition, add control program according to aforesaid hydrogen, directly from water generates hydrogen, and the hydrogen that so produces is stored in the circuit liquid fuel with the form of micro air bubble at motor 2 prestarts.Like this, the drive system of the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of present embodiment does not need to be used to hold the case of gaseous hydrogen, thereby can guarantee to reduce manufacture cost and improve conveniency or the efficient that drive system is installed on vehicle.
The the 7th and the 8th embodiment's modified example
The the aforesaid the 7th and the 8th embodiment can for example make amendment in the following manner.
Although the in-cylinder injection device 18 that injects fuel directly in motor shown in Figure 180 in the firing chamber 10 is set to fuel injection system, also can use the tuned port injection device that fuel is sprayed into suction port to replace in-cylinder injection device 18.Although motor shown in Figure 180 is a petrol engine, the present invention also can be applicable to diesel engine.
Although motor vehicle driven by mixed power shown in Figure 20 can use the one or both in motor 2 and the motor 102 to travel, the present invention also can be applicable to the motor vehicle driven by mixed power of other type, as long as this vehicle can use motor 102 to travel at least.That is, motor 2 can only be used for generating electricity.
Although describe the present invention with reference to described embodiment, but be to be understood that, the invention is not restricted to described exemplary embodiment or structure, but under the situation that does not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can be implemented with various variations, modification or equivalent arrangements.
Claims (3)
1. internal-combustion engine that uses hydrogen, it is characterized in that comprising the fuel injection system (18) of injecting LPG in liquefied condition and be used for supplying with and be mixed with the fuel supplying device (30 of the fuel of hydrogen as liquid fuel to described fuel injection system, 32,34), hydrogen is included in the described liquid fuel with the form of the micro air bubble in the liquid carbon hydrogen fuel
Wherein said fuel supplying device comprises fuel tank (30) and mixing arrangement (40,42,44), storing in described fuel tank has the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen, described mixing arrangement to be used for getting back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen being mixed with from described fuel tank described that the hydrogen of overflowing the fuel of hydrogen forms micro air bubble and the described micro air bubble of described hydrogen being mixed.
2. the internal-combustion engine of use hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein said mixing arrangement makes in the fuel supply path (34) that described fuel tank links to each other with described fuel injection system mixed the getting back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen with the hydrogen of described effusion at the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen during described fuel injection system is supplied with.
3. the internal-combustion engine of use hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein said mixing arrangement mixes the hydrogen of described effusion and gets back in the described fuel that is mixed with hydrogen of circuit in the fuel cycle path (34,36) that returns described fuel tank for the described fuel of carrying from described fuel tank that is mixed with hydrogen.
Applications Claiming Priority (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP268913/2005 | 2005-09-15 | ||
| JP2005268913A JP4329748B2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2005-09-15 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
| JP2005270171A JP4333656B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
| JP270327/2005 | 2005-09-16 | ||
| JP2005270327A JP4240028B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2005-09-16 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
| JP270171/2005 | 2005-09-16 | ||
| JP2006104561A JP4193860B2 (en) | 2006-04-05 | 2006-04-05 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
| JP104561/2006 | 2006-04-05 | ||
| PCT/IB2006/002524 WO2007031848A2 (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2006-09-14 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101263287A CN101263287A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| CN101263287B true CN101263287B (en) | 2010-05-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2006800339743A Expired - Fee Related CN101263287B (en) | 2005-09-15 | 2006-09-14 | Internal combustion engine using hydrogen |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP4329748B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101263287B (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7406955B1 (en) * | 2007-11-20 | 2008-08-05 | Ultimate Combustion Company | Method and system for liquid fuel conditioning |
| JP4884420B2 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2012-02-29 | 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 | Fuel injection device |
| JP5402708B2 (en) * | 2010-02-16 | 2014-01-29 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Control device for internal combustion engine |
| JP5551964B2 (en) * | 2010-02-23 | 2014-07-16 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Internal combustion engine system |
| BR112012025492B1 (en) * | 2010-04-08 | 2020-12-15 | Advanced Fuel Technologies Uk Limited | PROCESS TO ENRICH A HYDROCARBON FUEL, ADAPTED DEVICE TO PERFORM THE PROCESS, INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE AND VEHICLE |
| DE102016220822A1 (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-04-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Bubble-free low-pressure pump for liquefied gas |
| TWI778065B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2022-09-21 | 瑞典商艾瑟莉恩公司 | A suction applying device and an apparatus for sampling a bodily fluid |
| JP7151504B2 (en) * | 2019-01-23 | 2022-10-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | fuel supply system for internal combustion engine |
| CN113187605B (en) * | 2021-04-24 | 2022-09-09 | 北京工业大学 | High-compression-ratio engine combusting hydrogen-dissolved fuel and control method |
| CN113864071B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-09-22 | 北京工业大学 | Engine using hydrogen and diesel mixed fuel and control method |
| JP7351367B1 (en) | 2022-03-23 | 2023-09-27 | いすゞ自動車株式会社 | fuel injector |
| GB2617373A (en) * | 2022-04-06 | 2023-10-11 | Caterpillar Motoren Gmbh & Co | Fuel supply system for supplying a fuel emulsion to a fuel injection system of an engine |
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| US4528947A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1985-07-16 | Uni-Energy Systems, Inc. | Solar oxy-hydrogen vehicle |
| CN2485438Y (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-10 | 尹承绪 | Hydrogen producer by pyrolysis by exhaust heat of environment protecting vehicle |
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- 2005-09-15 JP JP2005268913A patent/JP4329748B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4528947A (en) * | 1982-03-10 | 1985-07-16 | Uni-Energy Systems, Inc. | Solar oxy-hydrogen vehicle |
| CN2485438Y (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2002-04-10 | 尹承绪 | Hydrogen producer by pyrolysis by exhaust heat of environment protecting vehicle |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101263287A (en) | 2008-09-10 |
| JP2007077930A (en) | 2007-03-29 |
| JP4329748B2 (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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