CN101261705A - Business model-driven ERP software requirement acquisition method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an ERP software requirement obtaining method BROM. The method takes business modeling as the original business requirement of an enterprise, takes an enterprise target model as a decision-making foundation and combines an ERP reference model as a field technology thus breaking through the communication disorders between the enterprise and a system operator, shortening the time to obtain the requirement and improving the quality of a requirement model. The BROM method requires the two parties to describe the enterprise equipment and the function of an ERP system by adopting the mode familiar to each party so as to overcome the communication disorders between the enterprise and the system operator; then a difference analyzing method based on a semanteme similarity computer is adopted to identify and analyze the difference between the ERP system and the enterprise requirement. The enterprise user and the system operator are assisted to participate the establishing of a future business model according to the result of the difference analyzing and by utilizing a construction target/process matrix and finally two software collocating requirements and software developing requirements are generated according to the ideal future business model.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that is applied to the ERP system implementation process, particularly a kind of method that is used to obtain the ERP software demand belongs to technical field of computer software development.
Background technology
Along with increasingly sharpening and the fast development of infotech of global market competition, all kinds of enterprises are one after another by the existing management mode of information technology upgrade, reduce operating cost to reach, shorten the production cycle, improve the quality of products, thereby improve the market competitiveness of self.Enterprise resource planning (Enterprise Resource Planning System; Hereinafter to be referred as ERP system) sharp weapon under this trend, arising just.So-called ERP system is a kind of integrated multidimentional system, based on the business model of enterprise supply chain, utilizes infotech as means, for enterprises and external entity provide value added service, comprises most of management functions such as sale, buying, stock, finance.
More than ten years in the past, ERP system has become topmost a kind of enterprise information system in the manufacturing, and many commercial ERP software products come out one after another.External more famous ERP software product has the commercial external member of SAP R/3, Oracle, BaaN ERP etc., and the ERP software product of domestic comparative maturity has Kingdee k/3, the UFERP of UFSOFT and good ERP etc.Along with the maturation of commercial ERP software product, more and more enterprises adopts the mode of purchase-modification (Buy-and-Adapt) to implement ERP system now.This mode not only can be saved the project expense, can also shorten the project implementation cycle.
Yet because the more complicated of ERP system, the success ratio of ERP system enforcement at present is still lower.2005, the famous Standish group company of research firm in the whole world was investigated the ERP system performance, and the result shows that ERP system implements project and on average overspend 178%, and the implementation cycle exceeds 1.5 times of plans, and income only reaches about 30% of expection.
In order to address the above problem, industry member and academia propose a series of implementation method opinions, instruct the enforcement of ERP system, implement efficient to improve, and improve implementation result.Wherein most of implementation method opinion is based on the hypothesis of " best practices ".The hypothesis of so-called " best practices " is exactly that operation flow with the ERP product support is as industry standard.In the ERP system implementation process,, advocate enterprise's modification own service process, to adapt to the benchmark service flow process if business procedure and standard solution are not inconsistent.For example, the quick implementation process AcceleratedSAP of SAP company just belongs to these class methods.Show that after deliberation though utilize AcceleratedSAP can shorten the implementation cycle of ERP system, reduce implementation cost, in implementation process, the actual demand of enterprise is not taken into full account.Complicated for those business, as to need personal management enterprise, the hypothesis of " best practices " is untenable.
Through domestic and international ERP system case study on implementation is discovered, demand analysis is the critical stage that success or failure are implemented in decision, also is the challenging stage of tool in the whole enforcement project.In famous industry analysis report " CHOS ", 8 main causes of ERP system failure have been summed up by Standish company, wherein have 5 relevant with demand analysis.And Partner research group thinks that also the main difficulty that ERP system is implemented adjusts software systems exactly to adapt to enterprise's specific demand.
ERP system is implemented in the obstacle of demand stage, mainly from two aspect reasons:
1) enterprise customer is implementing to have certain blindness before the ERP system.Before implementing ERP system, the enterprise customer understands abundant inadequately to the management philosophy of ERP system, be difficult to complete proposition and be fit to the business demand that ERP system is implemented.
2) ERP system enforcement merchant is difficult to fully understand in a short time to the singularity and the corporate culture of enterprise, thereby unavoidable appearance of implementation process and the incompatible part of enterprise demand.
Therefore, how to provide a kind of scientific methods, help senior enterprise leader leading and managing personnel and ERP software developer effectively to link up one of key factor that becomes decision ERP system enforcement success or failure in demand stage.
Summary of the invention
In view of the ERP software demand to the importance of the whole project implementation and the complicacy of demand acquisition process, purpose of the present invention just provides a kind of semi-automatic acquisition methods BROM (Business modeling-based of software requirement of ERP system, Referencemodel-supported, Object-oriented Method), to break through the communication disorders between enterprise and the system implementation merchant, the time that the shortening demand is obtained, improve the demand model quality.In order to overcome the communication disorders between enterprise customer and the system implementation merchant, the BROM method requires both sides to adopt the mode of being familiar with separately to describe the function of enterprise's requirement and ERP system.The BROM method with business model as the original business demand of enterprise, with the business goal model as decision-making foundation, in conjunction with the ERP reference model as domain knowledge.The user of BROM method has two classes: enterprise customer, system implementation merchant.This method is encouraged enterprise customer and system implementation merchant fellowship demand acquisition process.
As shown in Figure 1, in order to realize above-mentioned goal of the invention, the BROM method comprises following three phases:
A) enterprise customer utilizes visual business model language VPML4ERP (Visual Business Modeling Languagefor ERP System), from the professional present situation and the business characteristic of business procedure, organizational structure, business object, organizational goal and five aspect portrayal enterprises of business rule.
B) utilize other gap analysis method of semantic class to discern the gap of ERP system and enterprise's requirement automatically.Utilize semantic similarity computing method and model editing Furthest Neighbor to analyze and measure the similarity and the difference of business model and reference model automatically, and generate the gap analysis report.
C) utilize the BROM decision-making technique to analyze gap, formulate the following model of enterprise, and generate the software requirement model of ERP system according to following model by enterprise customer and system implementation merchant Shared Decision Making.The BROM decision-making technique is utilized target/flow matrix technology under the guidance of business goal model, auxiliary enterprises user and the decision-making of system implementation merchant fellowship solve the various gaps that occur in the gap analysis report.
As shown in Figure 2, described stage A) the VPML4ERP language of Cai Yonging comprises business procedure, business object, business rule, organizational structure, five submodels of organizational goal.Wherein,
(1) the immaterial building mechanism of organizational structure's model definition enterprise.The organizational structure of enterprise is made of the organization unit of a series of levelizations.Each organization unit has management authority to the subordinate organization unit, and higher level's organization unit is born certain responsibility.The operation of each business procedure needs the cooperation and the support of a plurality of organization unit usually.Organizational structure's model provides the foundation of design for the rights management of ERP system in future.Fig. 3 lists two kinds of modeling element that organizational structure's modeling is used: organization unit, role; And two kinds of relations: subordinate relation, have relation.Organization unit utilizes subordinate relation to couple together, and constitutes organization structure tree.It has described the static tissue structure of enterprise, is applicable to the level type organizational form that enterprise is traditional.The role is the general name that can finish the personnel of a certain work, as turner, typist, programmer.The relation that has connects organization unit and role, represents that an organization unit has the quantity of the type of human resources.Human activity need be specified the role of executed activity in the business process model.
(2) each institutional target and wish in the organizational goal model definition enterprise are a kind of perfect conditions of business organization.All business procedures all are in order to better meet various organizational goals, so object module is the selection and an improved important decision foundation of business procedure.The definition of organizational goal need be with reference to business process model and business object model.Usually, whether organizational goal is met be judged according to the statistical property that business procedure is carried out, and can not judge according to an operation result of business procedure.As " one-time desire satisfaction ratio of order can not less than 90% " be an organizational goal, and it need just can be met the result of rate to the order processing business statistics of enterprise in a period of time.Fig. 4 lists two kinds of modeling element that the organizational goal modeling uses and comprises that two kinds of object elements, three kinds close tethers, four kinds of dependences.
1) target statement tissue is wished certain state of reaching, and it is not only a kind of usually to reach the mode and the means of target.The clear and definite dicision rules that satisfies condition of target.The difference of soft object and target is that satisfying condition of it does not possess clear and definite dicision rules.No matter be target, or soft object can define priority, so that conflict processing.
2) target-dependent is meant that an organization unit will reach certain target, but itself does not possess this ability, only depends on another organization unit and provides support and just can reach this target;
3) soft object relies on and to be meant that an organization unit will reach certain soft object, but itself does not possess this ability, only depends on another organization unit and provides support and just can reach this soft object;
4) object relies on and to be meant that organization unit need use certain business object, but this business object not itself only depends on another organization unit this business object is provided;
5) the movable dependence is meant that organization unit need carry out a certain activity, but itself do not possess this ability, only depends on another organization unit and offers help, and just can finish this task.
6) the contribution chain is meant that the satisfaction degree of a soft object can be influenced by other target, soft object, activity.They both can promote the implementation procedure of this soft object, also can hinder the implementation procedure of this soft object.Therefore contribute chain to be divided into forward contribution chain and negative sense contribution chain again.
7) means purpose chain is meant and realizes the required activity of target, business object, sub-goal, sub-soft object etc.
(3) the mandatory constraint condition of business rule model definition business conduct is as " the material procurement plan will be worked out according to MRP ".These constraint conditions often derive from policy, law, rules and basic law, can not change because of the enforcement of ERP system.The business procedure that only meets all business rules is only legal business rule.ERP implements to tend to change business procedure, so the legitimate verification of business procedure is very important.The business rule model should adopt the formalization mode to define, thereby supports automatic legitimate verification.Business rule comprises structural constraint and behavior constraint.Structural constraint mainly defines the rational state and the property value of object.The reasonable execution sequence of behavior constraint definition business activity.Utilize five kinds of business rules of LTL (linear time temporal logic) definition: have that rule, forerunner are regular, a rule of consequence, coexistence rule, mutual exclusion rule.
LTL adopts the mode of asserting to define the miscellaneous service rule, mainly comprises four kinds of sequential operation symbol X (next moment), G (forever), F (in the future), U (to arriving).Yet this language is too loaded down with trivial details, is not suitable for the enterprise customer and uses.Therefore, this paper defines a kind of visual business rule modeling method, and semantic with the TLT definition.The description of business rule model semantics for convenience, one group of formula of definition earlier.
Formula 1 occur＞0 (A): F (A)
Formula 2 occur＞1 (A): F (A ∧ _ X (occur1 (A)))
Formula 3 occur＞2 (A): F (A ∧ _ X (occur2 (A)))
......
Formula 4 occur＞N (A): F (A ∧ _ X (occurN-1 (A)))
Formula 1 definition of activities A carries out once at least, and formula 2 adopts recursive mode definition of activities A to carry out at least 2 times.The rest may be inferred, and formula 4 definition of activities A carry out N time at least.
Formula 5 occur＜N (A):! Occur＞N-1 (A)
The execution number of times of formula 5 definition of activities A is no more than N-1 time at most, but can reach N-1 time.
Formula 6 occurN (A): occur＞N-1 (A) ∧ occur＜N+1 (A)
The execution number of times of formula 6 definition of activities A just in time is N time.
Fig. 5 lists the modeling element of five kinds of business rules:
1) having rule is the business activity in the business procedure to be carried out the constraint of number of times, and its semanteme can be defined as occur＞0 (A) with TLT.
2) forerunner's rule is meant when business activity B carries out, and another business activity A must executed, otherwise movable B can not carry out.
Its semanteme can with TLT be defined as G (! B_UA).
3) after rule of consequence was meant that business activity A carries out, another business activity B will carry out, and its semanteme can be defined as G (A-＞occur＞0 (B)) with TLT.
4) the coexistence rule is meant if business activity A carried out, and then another business activity B is inevitable maybe will carry out.Its semanteme can with TLT be defined as occur＞0 (A)＜-occur＞0 (B).
5) mutual exclusion rule is meant that then another business activity B never carries out if business activity A carries out, and vice versa.Its semanteme can be defined as (occur＞0 (A)-＞occur＜1 (B)) ∧ (occur＞0 (B)-＞occur＜1 (A)) with TLT.
(4) various lists, document, detail and the form etc. that relate in the business object model definition process of service execution.Each enterprise uses the list form all inconsistent, must adjust database and corresponding functional modules to adapt to enterprise's custom.Therefore, know portrayal and understand miscellaneous service object inner structure and logical relation thereof that it is very important implementing for ERP system.It should be noted that the various material objects that business procedure relates to,, implement unimportant ERP system as various starting material, semi-manufacture, parts.Therefore business object model does not comprise material object and resource.Fig. 6 lists three kinds of modeling element of business object modeling: business object, document library and message; Two kinds of relations: inheritance and gathering relation.
1) list is a business object of normal use in the enterprise management process, is used for writing down most of management information, needs long preservation usually.A complete list generally includes simple data item and detail list.As a complete list, the simple data item that comprises comprises claimer, claimer unit as expense report.Detail list comprises reimbursement detailed { detailed title, the amount of money }.Detail list itself is not a complete business object, and is the part of list.In order to guarantee the clear readability of model, do not adopt the mode modeling data item and the detail of figure, but adopt the form of form that they are defined.
2) document library is mainly used in the historical data, laws and regulations, higher level's file etc. in filing and the backup management process.
3) message is informal information in the enterprise management process.As verbal order, Advise By Wire, Email and incident etc.
4) inheriting connection is a kind of oriented connection that can connect business object.So business object can connect the attribute of inheriting and expanding other business object by inheriting.
5) assemble integral body and the relation partly that connects between the description business object, according to the difference of multiplicity, the relation of gathering comprises that 1:1 gathering and 1:N assemble.
(5) business process model definition enterprise concrete behavior mode, it is different with traditional business function.Article one, business procedure is normally striden the time, strides the place, is related to the collaborative of a plurality of inter-sectional information flows.Business procedure influences structural state by creating, consume or changing business object.Business procedure comprises the ordinal relation between one group of business activity and activity.Fig. 7 lists three kinds of modeling element of business procedure modeling: activity, combined moving and batch processing activity; Three kinds of relations: data stream connects, quotes connection and is connected with related; Four logical connectors: with go into logical connector, with go out logical connector or go into logical connector or go out logical connector.
1) activity is the not subdivisible work unit of minimum level in the process.
2) the batch processing activity is the not subdivisible work unit by the minimum level of carrying out in batches or regularly carrying out.
3) the batch processing activity is equivalent to subprocess, and the sub-definition of support activities allows procedure definition person to carry out procedure definition on different refinement levels.A combined moving can comprise a complete process model figure (subgraph), and this subgraph is made up of activity, batch processing activity, other combined movings, business object and the annexation between them.
4) data stream is oriented connection, with the direction of the line indication information stream of being with arrow.According to the difference of node before and after the stream, with data stream specifically be divided into movable to product, movablely arrive activity, input logic connector to input logic connector to product, output logic connector to output logic connector, input logic connector to input logic connector, output logic connector to movable, product to output logic connector, product.
5) quote connection expression product to movable long-term passage.But in case have the product of the connection of quoting is the time spent, and then this product is always available.
6) the related power of describing role's executed activity that connects.
Described stage B) main target is exactly to discern ERP product function that enterprise selects for use and the enterprise gap between requiring automatically.Mature ERP product development commercial city adopts reference model to describe product function.Business function and professional executive mode that reference model can provide from professional level definition ERP product.In the BROM method, the gap definition of model reflects the gap of ERP system to a certain extent for a model being transformed into the difficulty of another model.
Business model and ERP reference model are set up respectively by enterprise customer and ERP product development merchant respectively.Because enterprise has different knowledge background with the software developer, so two kinds of models adopt different terminologies.Two kinds of models cause huge difficulty for the model gap analysis in difference semantically.The inventive method provides a kind of automatic gap analysis of realizing current operation model and ERP reference model based on the model semantics automatic matching method of body.This method is in conjunction with Furthest Neighbor and characteristic method computing service activity similarity, according to activity similarity computation model similarity.Adopt the thought of bipartite graph then, utilize Hungary's algorithm that the time complexity of algorithm is reduced to o (n
3), increased the practicality of algorithm.
The index definition business event model of quantification and the gap of reference model are adopted in the gap analysis report, and it can be represented with a tlv triple:＜B, R, D 〉.B represents current operation process model numbering, and R represents the reference process pattern number, and D represents the gap between B and the R.It is a fuzzy number, can get 1: identical, and 0.8: closely similar, 0.6: similar, 0.4: difference, 0.2: very different, 0: different fully.
Described stage C) target need provide corresponding solution for every function gap exactly.For example: be necessary function? is there there other replacement scheme? whether can't solve with manually-operated? can adopt other to have the software suite of complementary function? because no matter adopt what solution, its final purpose all is in order to satisfy business goal better faster.Therefore this stage needs with stage A) the organizational goal model created is as decision objective, as the decision-making option, formulates enterprise's business model in future with the multiple business flow process that provides in the reference model.In order to support the decision-making of enterprise customer and system implementation merchant fellowship, adopt the technological frame of improved target/flow matrix as decision-making technique, solve many decision maker, multiobject collision problem.
By following business model, can derive ERP system configuration needs and development requirement, wherein the realization of ERP system configuration needs can by to reference model instantiation finish.Simultaneously, through the unsupported business procedure of reference model is analyzed, form software requirement, for secondary development provides foundation.
In sum, the key concept of this method is a gap.Identification and find gap after, analyze the reason that gap produces, be enterprise management mode falls behind, or the individual difference of enterprise causes.The foundation of decision-making then is a business goal, because all business conducts all are for the better enterprise operation target that realizes.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a BROM method and technology scheme synoptic diagram
Fig. 2 is a VPML4ERP language framework synoptic diagram
Fig. 3 is organizational structure's modeling element synoptic diagram
Fig. 4 is an organizational goal modeling element synoptic diagram
Fig. 5 is a business rule modeling element synoptic diagram
Fig. 6 is a business object modeling element synoptic diagram
Fig. 7 is a business procedure modeling element synoptic diagram
Embodiment
BROM method provided by the invention mainly is divided into above-mentioned three phases, adopts following concrete steps respectively in ERP system enforcement project.
1) stage A) mainly adopt the VPML4ERP modeling, concrete implementation step is as follows:
Steps A 1: determine the ERP system practical range.The ERP practical range is to implement the project initial start stage in ERP system, and the corporate decision maker carries out the result of business function planning to enterprise's ERP system.The ordinary business practice function comprises purchasing management, sales management, manufacturing management, human resource management etc.
Steps A 2: business decision layer leader and middle management person utilize the VPML4ERP language to the organizations at different levels' Target Modeling in the ERP system practical range.Fig. 3 lists the organizational goal modeling element,
Steps A 3: company manager and business personnel utilize the VPML4ERP language to the business procedure modeling in the practical range.
Steps A 4: company manager and business personnel utilize the VPML4ERP language to the business object modeling in the practical range.
Steps A 5: department of enterprise organization appoints representative to utilize the VPML4ERP language to department of the organizations at different levels modeling in the practical range.
Steps A 6: business administration reason person utilizes the VPML4ERP language to the modeling of the rule of the miscellaneous service in the practical range.
In order to reach stage B) target, specifically adopt following implementation step.
Step B1: the availability of check ontology library.The extraction stage A) the present enterprise business model of setting up and the terminology of ERP reference model check whether the notion in the ontology library has contained all terms.If the term item of not containing then changes step B2 over to, otherwise change step B3 over to.
Step B2:, expand present ontology library according to the result of step B1.
Step B3: the activity similarity computational tool that utilizes BROM to provide, calculate similarity movable in current operation model and the reference model.Movable by a four-tuple definition: (Name, Input, Output, Resource).Name is the title of sign activity.Input is the movable business object that needs input of carrying out.Output is the movable business object of carrying out output.Resource is the movable resource that needs of carrying out.In addition, business object also has the data item attribute of oneself.A data item can be defined as a tlv triple: (Name, Type, Range).The title of Name definition of data item wherein.The type of Type definition of data item.The span of Range definition of data item.Movable similarity can be defined as SIMA (X, Y)=(SIM (and NameX, NameY)+SIMO (InputX, InputY)+SIMO (OutputX, OutputY)+SIM (ResourceX, ResourceY))/4.And the similarity of business object can be defined as SIMO (A, B)=(number of data items in A matched by dataitems in B)/(number of data items in A).(M N) is defined as the inverse of the notion distance of M and N to function S IM.It is the inverse of the length of minimal path between M and two nodes of N among the body figure.
Step B4: all possible parameter in the exhaustive reference model generates the business procedure complete or collected works that reference model is supported.Reference model utilizes the set of a business model of datumization method definition.Therefore method that can exhaustive all parameter values obtains all business models that the ERP software product is supported.
Step B5: the gap analysis instrument that utilizes step B3, step B4 and BROM to provide, the gap of every business procedure that calculating current operation process and reference model are supported.The similarity of process model U and V can be defined as SIMM (U, V),
Have multiple mapping mode between the activity of model U and model V and exist, the present invention utilizes the similarity of activity similarity summation maximal value definition model in the various mapping modes.For fear of of the influence of model scale, remove the summation of activity similarity with sum movable in the model, thereby obtain two similarities between model similarity.
Step B5: according to the result of step B3 and B5, can generate the gap analysis report automatically, be stage C) decision analysis provides basic data.The gap analysis report can be represented with the set of a tlv triple:＜B, R, D 〉.B represents current operation process model numbering, and R represents the reference process pattern number, and D represents the gap between B and the R.It is a fuzzy number, can get 1: identical, and 0.8: closely similar, 0.6: similar, 0.4: difference, 0.2: very different, 0: different fully.
In order to reach stage C) target, specifically adopt following implementation step.
Step C1: set up target/flow matrix A, and initialization data.Set up target/flow matrix as shown in table 1.Set up matrix column according to present enterprise operation flow and reference model,, utilize the gap analysis report to fill in end row according to the row of organizational goal modelling matrix.
Step C2: domain expert's marking.In matrix A, give every selection option marking by the domain expert,, then beat √ at cell Aij if flow process option i is favourable to the realization of target item j.If flow process option i is disadvantageous to the realization of target item j, then beat at cell Aij *.
Step C3: decision-making.According to target/flow matrix A, determine enterprise's business model in future.The present invention does not replace business personnel and system implementation merchant to determine the following model of enterprise, but by target/flow matrix, provides the most comprehensive decision-making data, and auxiliary enterprises is formulated decision-making.
Step C4: generate software requirement.According to the following model of enterprise, differentiation can and need be carried out the operation flow that secondary development could realize by the direct operation flow that realizes of parameter configuration, i.e. software arrangements demand and software development demand.
Table 1 target/process matrix table
Claims (4)
1. ERP software requirement acquisition method BROM, it is characterized in that it passes through following three phases and realize: A) enterprise customer utilizes visual business model language VPML4ERP (Visual Business Modeling Language for ERPSystem), from the professional present situation and the business characteristic of business procedure, organizational structure, business object, organizational goal and five aspects portrayal enterprises of business rule.B) utilize other gap analysis method of semantic class to discern the gap of ERP system and enterprise's requirement automatically.Utilize semantic similarity computing method and model editing Furthest Neighbor to analyze and measure the similarity and the difference of business model and reference model automatically, and generate the gap analysis report.C) utilize the BROM decision-making technique to analyze gap, formulate the following model of enterprise, and generate the software requirement model of ERP system according to following model by enterprise customer and system implementation merchant Shared Decision Making.The BROM decision-making technique is utilized target/flow matrix technology under the guidance of business goal model, auxiliary enterprises user and the decision-making of system implementation merchant fellowship solve the various gaps that occur in the gap analysis report.
2. BROM method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that stage A) VPML4ERP that the adopts professional present situation of portraying enterprise jointly by business procedure, organizational structure, business object, organizational goal and five submodels of business rule puts business characteristic, and the semanteme of employing sequential logic definition business rule model, the automatic checking of supporting business rule.
3. BROM method according to claim 1 is characterized in that stage B) adopt activity similarity automatic calculating method based on body.Movable by a four-tuple definition: (Name, Input, Output, Resource).Name is the title of sign activity.Input is the movable business object that needs input of carrying out.Output is the movable business object of carrying out output.Resource is the movable resource that needs of carrying out.In addition, business object also has the data item attribute of oneself.A data item can be defined as a tlv triple: (Name, Type, Range).The title of Name definition of data item wherein.The type of Type definition of data item.The span of Range definition of data item.Movable similarity can be defined as SIMA (X, Y)=(SIM (and NameX, NameY)+SIMO (InputX, InputY)+SIMO (OutputX, OutputY)+SIM (ResourceX, ResourceY))/4.And the similarity of business object can be defined as SIMO (A, B)=(number of data items in Amatched by data items in B)/(number of data items in A).(M N) is defined as the inverse of the notion distance of M and N to function S IM.It is the inverse of the length of minimal path between M and two nodes of N among the body figure.
4. BROM method according to claim 1 is characterized in that stage C) adopt target/process matrix as means, the formulation of the following business model of auxiliary enterprises user and system implementation merchant fellowship.Target/process matrix is made matrix column with present enterprise operation flow and reference model, with the middle target of the organizational goal model row as matrix, gives a mark to matrix by the domain expert, carries out the formulation work of following business model.
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| CN102257496A (en) * | 2009-12-07 | 2011-11-23 | 埃森哲环球服务有限公司 | Method and system for accelerated data quality enhancement |
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| CN102479104A (en) * | 2010-11-30 | 2012-05-30 | 金蝶软件（中国）有限公司 | Method and device for scheduling logic units as well as terminal |
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| CN102393931A (en) * | 2011-07-19 | 2012-03-28 | 四川建设网有限责任公司 | Method and system for verifying information of expert database |
| CN103324790A (en) * | 2013-06-04 | 2013-09-25 | 北京大学 | Ontology model establishment method and device of business process |
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| CN109271606A (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2019-01-25 | 南京理工大学 | Consider the method for solving of editing distance between concurrent business procedure sequence of events |
| CN109271606B (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2023-05-26 | 南京理工大学 | Solving method for editing distance between event sequences in concurrent business process |
| CN114493516A (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-05-13 | 安徽大学 | Heterogeneous graph comparison learning-based knowledge completion method and system under cloud ERP |
| CN114493516B (en) * | 2022-01-18 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽大学 | Heterogeneous graph comparison learning-based knowledge completion method and system under cloud ERP |
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