CN101255991B - Method for innocent treatment of garbage flying ash - Google Patents
Method for innocent treatment of garbage flying ash Download PDFInfo
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- CN101255991B CN101255991B CN2008100650324A CN200810065032A CN101255991B CN 101255991 B CN101255991 B CN 101255991B CN 2008100650324 A CN2008100650324 A CN 2008100650324A CN 200810065032 A CN200810065032 A CN 200810065032A CN 101255991 B CN101255991 B CN 101255991B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refuse flying ash innocent treatment system comprising a reaction device for solidifying the flying ash, a liquid-solid separating device connected with the reaction device through a conduit, a flushing device connected with the liquid-solid separating device, and a pressing device connected with the liquid-solid separating device through a belt transfer device; a sunning field and an incinerator are also comprised, and the pressing device, the sunning field and the incinerator are connected by a transporting device. The invention also discloses a refuse flying ash innocent treatment method. Chlorine ions and base metal in the flying ash are removed effectively and the heavy metal is stabilized by using the inventive treatment system and method. Solidified flyingash is burned in the incinerator after press molded, dioxins is removed and the flying ash is sufficiently innocent to facilitate final treatment in next step and resource utilization.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field that hazardous waste is handled, disposed, relate in particular to and a kind ofly can will contain heavy metal with the flying dust of the waste incineration of bioxin carries out the process of harmless treatment.
Background technology
Burning away the refuse is the important process means of domestic waste.In the grate furnace burning process that usually adopts, burning process is about flying dust into stove rubbish quality 2～5% with generation, and fluidized combustion then produces more flying dust.The flying dust of waste incineration should be handled by hazardous waste because contain the heavy metal and the certain density bioxin of higher concentration, can not enter landfill yard without specially treated.Chlorine element and alkali metal contained in the flying dust have increased the difficulty of recycling, and remove contained chlorine element and alkali metal, and stablize contained heavy metal, again advance stove after the compression moulding and burn the removal bioxin, can make flying dust thoroughly innoxious, be convenient to next step final disposal and recycling.
The flying dust of waste incineration is handled and mainly to be comprised following several method in the prior art: cement solidification method, pharmaceutical treatment, high-temperature process method and sour equal solvent extract the heavy metal method, and the method for building materialsization such as cement baking, potting grain.These methods and technology all exist certain defective or limitation.As the cement solidification method increase-volume than (solidify the back and solidify before volume ratio) big, be about 1.5～2, and the leaching rate of solidifying the back nuisance is also than higher, solidfied material has entered landfill yard at last, has forever taken the place.The pharmaceutical treatment overwhelming majority is for stabilizing heavy metal, and flying dust does not reach the requirement of recycling yet.Existing high-temperature process comprises melting and solidification method and sintering technology, and energy consumption is very high, need handle secondary smoke, owing to a large amount of existence of chlorine, also might generate the material of bioxin in the secondary smoke once more.And sour equal solvent extracts heavy metal method complex procedures, needs to handle waste water.All disclosed technology of utilizing incineration residue to fire the eco-cement grog must have effective measures to prevent skinning in the cement kiln when producing clinker, and the cement of being produced is because the chloride ion content height, and application approach is limited.Publication number is that a kind of flying dust water washing pretreatment method has been announced in the application for a patent for invention of CN1947872A, can remove most of chlorion in the flying dust, but a large amount of waste water that this technology produces, need to handle again and could discharge with carbonization-flocculation, flying dust after the washing can not guarantee that the leaching of heavy metal is up to standard, can not avoid the diffusion of bioxin to environment.In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, press for the simple relatively incineration of refuse flyash innoxious process for treating of exploitation, improve the simplification and the completeness of its harmless treatment, be beneficial to the universality and the economy of next step recycling.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve above-mentioned technical problem, and provide a kind of system of garbage flying ash harmless treatment, and the method for utilizing this system to handle, so that chlorion in the removal flying dust and alkali metal, and stablize contained heavy metal, and burn advancing stove again after the flying dust compression moulding after solidifying, remove bioxin, can make flying dust thoroughly innoxious, be convenient to next step final disposal and recycling.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of system of garbage flying ash harmless treatment, it comprises the reaction unit that is used for flyash curing, the liquid-solid separation equipment that is connected with this reaction unit by pipeline, the flusher that is connected with this liquid-solid separation equipment, the press device that is connected with described liquid-solid separation equipment by the band conveying device.Also comprise airing field and incinerator, described press device, airing field and incinerator couple together by transporting equipment.
The preferred version of the system of garbage flying ash harmless treatment of the present invention, described liquid-solid separation equipment is connected with evaporation equipment by pipeline, and this liquid-solid separation equipment also is connected with described reaction unit respectively by pipeline.
Wherein, described liquid-solid separation equipment can be filtering equipment, also can be vacuum filtration equipment.
Described evaporation equipment can also can be multi-effect evaporating device for spraying heated-air drying tower.
The present invention also provides a kind of method of garbage flying ash harmless treatment, and its step is as follows:
Step 1:, form the mixture of liquid-solid state with the flying dust of waste incineration and mixing of water and/or ferrous salt solution;
Step 2: the mixture of liquid-solid state is carried out liquid, the solid separation, the waste liquid of separating reclaims after discharging and handling again, the flying dust solid water that stays washes again, flushing waste water is discharged, can be as the processing water that mixes with flying dust in the step 1, unnecessary flushing waste water can also be as the cycling use of water utilization;
Step 3: the flying dust solid is pressed into bar-shaped or block, dries;
Step 4: the flying dust solid after will drying is sent into incinerator and is burned.
Wherein, liquid, the waste liquid separated are admittedly sent into evaporation equipment, salt is reclaimed in evaporation; With direct building materials utilization of residue after burning or building materials utilization again after placement a period of time.
Described ferrous salt solution can be any solution in ferrous sulfate or its hydrate, ferrous nitrate salt or its hydrate, frerrous chloride or its hydrate, the ferrous lactate.
Described ferrous salt solution also can wherein contain the solution of the waste liquid (as titanium white waste acid) of ferrous ion for the mixture of ferrous sulfate or its hydrate, ferrous nitrate salt or its hydrate, frerrous chloride or its hydrate, ferrous lactate.
The mass ratio of described ferrous salt solution and flying dust is an iron: flying dust=1: 100-1: 15; Liquid-solid ratio is 1: 1-3.5: 1; Described ferrous salt solution fully mixes the pH value of back system in 9.4～11.6 scope with flying dust; In the process that the flying dust solid is washed again, can use any liquid of river, river, lake water, running water, middle water or ferrous salt solution to wash; Liquid-solid ratio is 4: 1-1: 1.
Utilize the present invention can produce following beneficial effect:
1, most Cl, Na, the K in the flying dust removes in liquid, solid separation process and flushing process more subsequently, and the iron that adds in the ferrous salt medicament is stayed in the flying dust, has improved the material quality of flying dust;
2, the flying dust rod (or piece) of compression moulding, in burning disposal process subsequently because of the gel reaction of ferrous generation oxidation reaction and flying dust self, play stable and solidification to heavy metal, the bioxin of can thoroughly degrading of the hot environment in the incinerator has been avoided secondary pollution simultaneously;
3, compared with prior art, avoided fully waste gas to the release of environment and heavy metal He bioxin to the potential hazard of environment;
4, through liquid-solid separation, when improving the flying dust quality,, and be the extremely low salt of high concentration, content of beary metal because wastewater flow rate is very low, therefore, waste water can evaporate to dryness and is reclaimed salt, non-wastewater discharge.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done detailed explanation, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of garbage flying ash innocuity disposal system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the process flow diagram of garbage flying ash method for innocent treatment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Shown in Figure 1, preferred embodiment for treatment system of the present invention, the system of described garbage flying ash harmless treatment, it comprises the reaction unit 1 that is used for flyash curing, the liquid-solid separation equipment 2 that is connected with this reaction unit by pipeline, the flusher 7 that is connected with this liquid-solid separation equipment, the press device 3 that is connected with described liquid-solid separation equipment 2 by the band conveying device.Also comprise airing field 4, incinerator 5 in this treatment system.Described press device, airing field and incinerator couple together by transporting equipment.Described liquid-solid separation equipment 2 is connected with evaporation equipment 6 by pipeline, also is provided with one on this pipeline and is used to carry the salt liquid pump (not shown) that contains more ferrous salt liquid.Liquid-solid separation equipment 2 also is connected with described reaction unit 1 by pipeline, also can be provided with a water pump (not shown) that is used for transport wastewater on this pipeline.Described liquid-solid separation equipment 2 can be filtering equipment or vacuum filtration equipment.The described equipment that transports can be motor vehicle or conveyer belt.Described evaporation equipment 6 can be spraying heated-air drying tower or multi-effect evaporating device.Described incinerator 5 can be any device in grate furnace, fluid bed, the pyrolysis gasification stove.
The flying dust that the present invention can produce waste incineration is with after water fully mixes in reaction unit, add the ferrous salt medicament or contain the concentrated solution of ferrous salt, and make ferrous salt be well dispersed in the mixture that forms liquid-solid state in flying dust-aqueous mixtures, perhaps flying dust is directly mixed the mixture that forms liquid-solid state with the aqueous solution that contains ferrous salt; This mixture is sent into liquid-solid separation equipment, make that wherein solid-state flying dust press filtration becomes ash cake, the waste liquid separated is sent into the evaporation equipment evaporation and reclaimed salt, again with the ash cake in the solid separation equipment of aqueous rinse solution, then ash cake is sent into press device and be compressed into bar-shapedly or block, send into incinerator after drying and burn (or together burn with house refuse).Waste water part behind the flushing ash cake is sent into reaction unit and the utilization of flying dust mixing circulation, and another part can be used as the cycling use of water in others.Direct building materials utilization of residue after will burning at last or building materials utilization again after placement a period of time.
Described ferrous salt solution can be any solution in ferrous sulfate or its hydrate, ferrous nitrate salt or its hydrate, frerrous chloride or its hydrate, the ferrous lactate.
Described ferrous salt solution also can be the mixture of ferrous sulfate or its hydrate, ferrous nitrate salt or its hydrate, frerrous chloride or its hydrate, ferrous lactate and wherein contain the solution of the waste liquid (as titanium white waste acid) of ferrous ion.
The mass ratio of described ferrous salt solution and flying dust is an iron: flying dust=1: 100-1: 15; Liquid-solid ratio is 1: 1-3.5: 1; The pH value of system is in 9.4～11.6 scope described ferrous salt solution mixes fully with flying dust after; In the process that the flying dust solid is washed again, can use any liquid of river, river, lake water, running water, middle water or ferrous salt solution to wash; Liquid-solid ratio is 4: 1-1: 1.
By the liquid-solid waste liquid of separating, the salt that is reclaimed after evaporating is NaCl, KCl, CaCl
2, Na
2SO
4, K
2SO
4Mixture because content of beary metal is extremely low, can be used for the snow melting in winter or manufactures industry salt.
Below by for example and in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 application of the present invention being described.
Example one:
The flying dust that a kind of grate-type incinerator bag dust collector is collected, wherein part heavy metal, chlorine and alkali-metal content such as table 1:
Part heavy metal, chlorine and alkali-metal content in certain incinerator flying dust of table 1
| The element kind | Pb mg/kg | Cr Mg/kg | Cd mg/kg | Zn mg/kg | Cl g/kg | CaO g/kg | Na 2O g/kg | K 2O g/kg |
| Content | 1938? | 149.3? | 59? | 3283? | 132? | 323? | 44.4? | 33.7? |
Flying dust shown in the table 1, the FeSO with 4.5%
4Solution fully mixes, stirs evenly (corresponding iron/grey mass ratio is 1: 40) by liquid-solid ratio=1.5: 1 with flying dust in reaction unit 1 after, form the mixture of liquid-solid state, with sulfuric acid or titanium white waste acid the pH value of system is adjusted to 11 ± 0.15 then; Above-mentioned mixture delivered to carry out liquid-solid separation in the vacuum filtration equipment 2; Waste liquid behind the suction filtration is pumped into spray evaporation in the spraying heated-air drying tower 6 (closing the pipeline that vacuum filtration equipment 2 is connected with reaction unit 1 this moment), the promptly recyclable CaCl that contains a small amount of sulfate impurities with saline solution
2, NaCl, KCl.Flying dust forms ash cake behind the suction filtration, sends into 3.5 times of rivers flushings (river filters in advance) to former flying dust quality by flusher 7 immediately, and suction filtration once more, and the waste water of part flushing is delivered in the reaction unit 1 of front end, is used as FeSO
4Lysate mix with flying dust again, the waste water of a part of flushing is as the cycling use of water of others.Flying dust is removed Cl, Na, and the efficient of K is respectively 85%, 80%, more than 83%.Ash cake is sent into press device 3 compacting by conveying device by vacuum filtration equipment 2, be pressed into bar-shaped or block after, deliver to airing field 4 by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, behind the nature airing, itself has certain intensity, and heavy metal also is stabilized, Pb, Cr, Cd, the leaching concentration of Zn is respectively 390ppb, 53ppb, 5ppb and 453ppb are all below control index 1ppm.(also can with crude waste multifuel combustion together) sent in the incinerator 5 and burned to bar-shaped or block flying dust behind the airing by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, wherein the De bioxin is decomposed in burning process, and residue mixes with cinder and can be made into high-quality building materials.FeSO
440 yuan of/ton flying dusts of solution reagent consumption less than.
Example two:
Flying dust shown in the table 1, middle water is fully mixed in reaction unit 1 with flying dust by liquid-solid ratio=3.5: 1, flying dust simultaneously per ton adds 300kg green vitriol (corresponding iron/grey mass ratio is 1: 16.7), being stirred to the pH of system value then gos up after 10 naturally, ash-aqueous mixtures is delivered to filtering equipment 2 carry out liquid-solid separation, the waste liquid of separation is sent into multi-effect evaporating device 6 and is evaporated recovery salinity (closing the pipeline that filtering equipment 2 is connected with reaction unit 1 this moment).After press filtration finishes substantially, send into 1.5 times of middle water by flusher 7 again to former flying dust quality, in filtering equipment 2, wash ash cake, the waste water that separates is delivered in the reaction unit 1 of front end, is used as the processing water (closing the pipeline that filtering equipment 2 is connected with multi-effect evaporating device 6 this moment) that mixes with flying dust.With ash cake by conveying device by sending into press device 3 in the filtering equipment 2, be pressed into bar-shaped or block after, deliver to airing field 4 by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, have the intensity higher behind the natural airing, Pb than gypsum, Cr, Cd, the leaching concentration of Zn is respectively 70.9ppb, 13ppb, 9ppb and 98ppb are all below control index 1ppm; Cl, Na, K goes efficient respectively 87%, 82%, more than 85%.(or with crude waste together multifuel combustion) sent in the incinerator 5 and burned to bar-shaped or block flying dust behind the airing by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, through the bioxin of will thoroughly degrading after the heat treatment more than 800 ℃, residue mixes with cinder and can be made into high-quality building materials.This process ferrous sulfate medicament expense is lower than 100 yuan of/ton flying dusts.
Example three:
The flying dust that a kind of grate-type incinerator bag dust collector is collected, part heavy metal, chlorine and alkali-metal content such as table 2:
Part heavy metal, chlorine and alkali-metal content in certain incinerator flying dust of table 2
| The element kind | Pb mg/kg | Cr Mg/kg | Cd mg/kg | Zn mg/kg | Cl g/kg | CaO g/kg | Na 2O g/kg | K 2O g/kg |
| Content | 1395? | 134.9? | 91? | 3175? | 129? | 221? | 34.3? | 38.7? |
To press iron/flying dust mass ratio=1: 90 without the ferrous nitrate solution of purifying and mix, stir in reaction unit 1 with flying dust, liquid-solid ratio is 1.8: 1; And the pH value of system is adjusted to 10.5 ± 0.15 with the ferrous solid of a small amount of six nitric hydrates, subsequently flying dust-aqueous solution is sent into and carried out in the vacuum filtration equipment 2 liquid, the solid separation, isolated liquid is sent into the spray evaporation (closing the pipeline that vacuum filtration equipment 2 is connected with reaction unit 1 this moment) in the spraying heated-air drying tower 6, reclaims salinity.Send into the river or the middle water that are equivalent to about 3.5 times of flying dust quality by flusher 7 and wash ash cake in the vacuum filtration equipment 2, suction filtration again, part waste water is delivered in the reaction unit 1 of front end, as the processing water that mixes with flying dust, a part of cycling use of water as others.Flying dust Cl after the processing, Na, K removes efficient respectively 90%, 84%, more than 86%.With ash cake by conveying device by sending into press device 3 in the vacuum filtration equipment 2, be pressed into bar-shaped or block back and deliver to airing field 4 by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, bar-shaped or the block flying dust of nature behind the airing sent in the incinerator 5 and burned (or with crude waste together multifuel combustion) bioxin and be decomposed in burning process by motor vehicle or conveyer belt, residue mixes with cinder and can be made into high-quality building materials.
The illustration that the foregoing description is only used as the present invention, application of the present invention is not limited thereto.Through removing Cl ion and alkali metal, and stablize the solid flying dust of contained heavy metal, except adopting compression moulding to advance the heat treatment mode of stove burning again, also can adopt the heat treatment of alternate manner, as firing portland cement clinker as one of raw material raw material, baking bricks, burn haydite; After perhaps carrying out hydrothermal treatment consists and direct calcining, add the occasion that demand is arranged arbitrarily to as active material.
Heat treatment of the present invention is compared with existing heat treatment or heat utilization process, and its advantage is that no chlorion discharges, is not subjected to alkali metal content restriction, no waste gas, heavy metal Ji the secondary pollution of bioxin; The feature that the stage is placed in airing before the described heat treatment is: become the mud cake shape or become graininess through the preliminary flying dust that filters, in the airing put procedure, heavy metal contacts with oxygen and is stabilized, mud cake shape or be shaped to bar-shaped or block flying dust and also harden gradually and have certain intensity simultaneously, be fit to transportation, melt down and reburn, be sintered into haydite etc., heavy metal no longer leaches and exceeds standard when meeting water. Described ferrous salt solution can also adopt the pickle liquor of steel, contaminated ferrous lactate etc., and it is very extensive to draw materials.
Compare with conventional garbage flying ash processing method, the present invention has the following advantages:
1, adopts lower liquid-solid ratio and under suitable alkaline environment, add ferrous salt, make that the wastewater flow rate that separates after the reaction is few, salt content is high, can the steaming method reclaim salinity, thoroughly avoided the processing of waste water;
2, the flushing ash cake has further reduced chlorine and alkali-metal content in the flying dust, has improved the building materials quality of flying dust, and content of beary metal seldom can recycle in the flushing waste water simultaneously, and unnecessary can be used as flushing waste water;
3, whole process non-exhaust emission, flying dust all do not have the danger of Leaching of Heavy Metals in the process of building material made utilization is placed and directly entered in airing;
4, whole process does not have the secondary pollution of bioxin, and the flying dust of moulding advances stove through the high-temperature process of burning process, and the bioxin of thoroughly degrading can not cause secondary pollution to environment;
5, processing procedure is easily implemented, and the flying dust residue recycling approach after the processing is flexible, is not subjected to the restriction of single building material industry, and flying dust expense per ton is lower than the disposal cost of existing security landfill field.
Claims (3)
1. the method for a garbage flying ash harmless treatment is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: the flying dust of waste incineration is mixed with water and ferrous salt solution, form the mixture of liquid-solid state, described ferrous salt solution is any solution in ferrous sulfate or its hydrate soln, ferrous nitrate salt or its hydrate soln, frerrous chloride or its hydrate soln, the ferrous lactate or the mixture of above-mentioned solution;
Step 2: the mixture of liquid-solid state is carried out liquid-solid separation, and the waste liquid of separating is discharged and is handled, and reclaims again, the flying dust solid water that stays washes again, flushing waste water is discharged, and as the processing water that mixes with flying dust in the step 1, unnecessary flushing waste water utilizes as cycling use of water again;
Step 3: the flying dust solid is pressed into bar-shaped or block, dries;
Step 4: the flying dust solid after will drying is sent into incinerator and is burned.
2. the method for garbage flying ash harmless treatment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: the liquid-solid waste liquid of separating is sent into evaporation equipment, and salt is reclaimed in evaporation; With direct building materials utilization of residue after burning or building materials utilization again after placement a period of time.
3. the method for garbage flying ash harmless treatment as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the mass ratio of described ferrous salt solution and flying dust is an iron: flying dust=1: 100-1: 15; Liquid-solid ratio is 1: 1-3.5: 1; Described ferrous salt solution fully mixes the pH value of back system in 9.4～11.6 scope with flying dust; In the process that the flying dust solid is washed again, use any liquid of river, river, lake water, running water, middle water or ferrous salt solution to wash, liquid-solid ratio is 4: 1-1: 1.
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Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101690934B (en) * | 2009-10-15 | 2012-07-04 | 同济大学 | Method for stabilizing fly ash from refuse incineration by combination of complementary type medicaments |
| CN102183026A (en) * | 2011-02-23 | 2011-09-14 | 广东工业大学 | Device and method for removing heavy metal Pb from fly ash generated in sludge incineration |
| CN102173611B (en) * | 2011-02-24 | 2013-04-03 | 郑慧 | Process and device for pretreating incineration fly ash |
| CN102513329B (en) * | 2011-11-17 | 2013-08-07 | 浙江大学 | Harmless treatment method for urban garbage incineration fly ash |
| CN102671919B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2015-02-11 | 四川中物环保科技有限公司 | Process method for extrusion-packaging and semi-aerobic dehydration for domestic garbage |
| CN105252809A (en) * | 2015-11-10 | 2016-01-20 | 北京京城环保股份有限公司 | Die and method for curing molding of bulk materials |
| CN106001058B (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2018-04-03 | 同济大学 | Utilize the method for domestic waste incineration residue process industry chemicals |
| TWI657066B (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2019-04-21 | 黃義興 | Method for processing lime by-product |
| CN106734045B (en) * | 2016-12-21 | 2022-08-02 | 天津壹鸣环境科技股份有限公司 | Household garbage incineration fly ash wet-process mold bag treatment method and system |
| CN107520228A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-29 | 南京工业大学 | Method for stably solidifying household garbage incineration fly ash by organic-inorganic medicament synergy |
| CN112474707A (en) * | 2020-10-28 | 2021-03-12 | 宝武集团环境资源科技有限公司 | Efficient single-stage washing method and harmless treatment process for fly ash |
| CN113941580B (en) * | 2021-08-31 | 2023-07-14 | 江西盖亚环保科技有限公司 | Multistage reverse pulping fly ash water washing process |
| CN117282760B (en) * | 2023-10-25 | 2024-04-16 | 北京科技大学 | Treatment method of waste incineration fly ash |
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