CN101255577A - Metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101255577A CN101255577A CNA2007101925457A CN200710192545A CN101255577A CN 101255577 A CN101255577 A CN 101255577A CN A2007101925457 A CNA2007101925457 A CN A2007101925457A CN 200710192545 A CN200710192545 A CN 200710192545A CN 101255577 A CN101255577 A CN 101255577A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a raw material component of cermet inert anode having metallographic phase distributed in gradient from internal side to external side and preparation technology. The material is applied to extracting non-ferrous metal (Al, rare earths and metals with high-melting point) by fused salt electrolytic route. The component comprises the cermet formed by at least one Ca-Fe-Ni-O composite spinel oxide and at least one metallographic phase; wherein the anode material is composed of raw material with following mass prescription: 1% to 5% single metal or alloy, 1% to 99% spinel oxide, 0.1% to 10% other metal oxides; oxidizing the materials selectively in process of sintering the materials by adjusting oxygen content in whole atmosphere to form high strength, high tenacity, high conductivity inner layer (high content of metal) having anticorrosion outer layer (high content of oxides) functional gradient structure. The method of the invention is capable of effectively solving problems that the cermet inert anode is connected with the metal guide and the metallographic phase is dissolved and oxidized selectively in electrolytic process.
Description
Technical field
Electrode is used in the fused salt electrolysis process extraction that the present invention relates to non-ferrous metal (Al, rare earth and refractory metal etc.), is meant metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis material and preparation method thereof especially.
Technical background
Adopt the existing fused salt electrolysis technology of carbon annode to have that energy consumption height, carbon consumption are big, environmental pollution seriously (is discharged a large amount of greenhouse gases CO
2And fluorocarbon CF
nDeng), big, the problems such as cost is high, efficient is low, production instability of investment.Inert anode is a sacrificial anode not, and adopting in the electrolysis novel process of inert anode does not need carbon annode fully, does not also need carbon annode factory; Periodically do not change anode in the production, thereby produce stable; What anode was discharged is oxygen, does not discharge CO
2And fluorocarbon, environment is greatly improved; Can change existing cell construction, reduce pole span, improve production capacity, reduce the Metal Production cost significantly, realize the less energy-consumption of electrolysis production process, pollution-free, targets such as low cost.
The high temperature fused salt electrolysis process has proposed strict requirement to inert anode material, mainly comprises: can tolerate electrolytical corrosion, solubleness is little; Can tolerate the erosion effect of oozing of nascent oxygen; Good electrical conductivity is arranged; The physical strength height, heat-shock resistance is strong, is difficult for embrittlement; Machine-shaping easily is easy to be connected with metal guide rod; Raw material is easy to obtain, and inexpensive.
Sintering metal has been taken into account the advantages such as satisfactory electrical conductivity of the strong corrosion resistant and the metal of metal oxide ceramic, but still has that heat-shock resistance is poor, poorly conductive, is connected difficulty with metal guide rod, is difficult to problem such as maximization; In addition, in the electrolytic process, the oxidation and the selective dissolution of sintering metal outer layer metal phase not only can reduce primary aluminum purity, and can cause inert anode weave construction and performance to decay, thereby cause that material lost efficacy in the process under arms.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of is the cermet inert anode material and the change atmosphere sintering method preparation method thereof of ceramic phase matrix with the Ca-Fe-Ni-O composite oxides.The cermet material that adopts present technique to prepare has function gradient structure, leads internal layer (high metallographic phase content) formation by corrosion-resistant skin (ceramic phase content height) and high-strength, high-ductility, high electricity.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, comprise ceramic phase and metallographic phase, described ceramic phase comprises the composite oxides of Ni, Fe, Ca and at least a other element M, described metallographic phase comprises at least a Cu of being selected from, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Ag, Pt, Au or their combination.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----comprises:
At least a chemical formula is Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δCeramic phase;
Wherein: M is at least a the be selected from metal of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ba, Co, Bi, Ti, V and rare earth and their combination;
The span of X is 0.01～0.99, and the span of y value is 0.01～0.99, and the span of z value is 0.001～0.15, and the span of ξ value is 0～0.1, and the span of δ is 0～0.2;
And a kind of metallographic phase;
Described metallographic phase comprises Cu and/or Ni, or at least a Co that is selected from, Cr, Fe, Ag, Pt, Au or their combination.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, described ceramic phase Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δIn, respective element Ni, Fe, Ca and M can be directly add with oxide form, and carbonate, nitrate or other salt forms that also can respective element add, and add-on is respectively in the corresponding oxide equivalents of element Ni, Fe, Ca and M.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the mass percent of described ceramic phase in sintering metal is 60%～95%, the mass percent of described metallographic phase in sintering metal is 5%～40%.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, one of composition of the described ceramic phase of one of composition of described ceramic phase bag comprises the oxide compound of Ni, Fe, Ca, and wherein, the content of Ni, Fe, Ca is corresponding to NiO, Fe in the ceramic phase
2O
3With the massfraction of CaO be: 1%～80%NiO, 0.01%～99%Fe
2O
3, 0.1%～10%CaO, wherein CaO is by containing CaCO
3, Ca (NO
3)
2, CaSO
4, (COO)
2Ca, (CH
3COO)
2At least a providing in Ca salt or the oxide compound is provided Ca etc.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----also comprises in the described ceramic phase from oxide compound among at least a Cu, Mn, Zn, Ba, Co, Bi, Ti, the V or their combination; Its mass percent in sintering metal is 0.1%～10%;
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, described metallographic phase comprises at least a from Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Ag, Pt, Au or their combination.
A kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the powder size of described ceramic phase NiO need be controlled at 10～50 μ m, ceramic phase Fe
2O
3Powder size need be controlled at 10～50 μ m, the powder size of ceramic phase CaO need be controlled at 5～30 μ m, the powder size of metallographic phase need be controlled at 2～10 μ m.
The preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----may further comprise the steps:
(1) batch mixing
With at least a metal and formula is Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δStupalith carry out ball milling with dispersion agent, binding agent and mix;
Wherein, M is at least a the be selected from metal of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ba, Co, Bi, Ti, V and rare earth and their combination.The span of X is 0.01～0.99, and the span of y value is 0.01～0.99, and the span of z value is 0.001～0.15, and the span of ξ value is 0.001～0.1, and the span of δ is 0～0.2.
(2) base, degreasing
Compound is carried out spraying drying (granulation), obtain the sintering metal green compact at 100～400MPa compacted under then, under inert atmosphere, carry out skimming treatment again.
(3) become atmosphere sintering
Degreasing blank proceed step by step in vacuum oven or atmosphere furnace is become atmosphere sintering;
The first step: presintering, temperature are 800～1200 ℃, and 50～100 ℃/h of temperature rise rate is incubated 2～8 hours, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is less than 200ppm;
Second step: oxidation and sinter, temperature are 800～1250 ℃, and 50～100 ℃/h of lifting/lowering temperature speed is incubated 0.5～6 hour, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content changes in 1000ppm～21% scope;
The 3rd step: densification sintering, temperature are 1150～1600 ℃, and 30～50 ℃/h of temperature rise rate is incubated 4～8 hours, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is less than 200ppm.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the dispersion agent that batch mixing adopts is: industrial spirit, water, the adjacent dioctyl phthalate of benzene, oleic acid, ammonia salts solution, polyacrylamide solution, fish oil, o-butyl-2 salt, polyacrylic ester, at least a in the poly amic acid;
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the binding agent that batch mixing adopts is: polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, acrylic resin solution, sulfite solution, gelatin, polyoxyethylene glycol, the polyethylene butyl ester, the polyethylene ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, at least a in the polyacrylic acid.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, base adopts mold pressing or cast-isostatic cool pressing method, pressure 100～400MPa.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, skimming temp is 400～1000 ℃.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the inert atmosphere that adopts in the described skimming processes is N
2, Ar, CO
2In at least a mode, degreasing time is 10h～24h, the atmosphere Control for Oxygen Content is at 100～500ppm.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the sintering atmosphere that described presintering process adopts is at least a from N
2, Ar, CO
2Or their combination, the presintering time is 2h～8h, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is controlled to be 100ppm～200ppm, and the presintering density is controlled at 75%～90%.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the sintering atmosphere that described oxidation and sinter process adopts is at least a from O
2, air, O
2+ Ar, O
2+ N
2Or their combination, oxidization time is controlled at 0.1h～5h, and Control for Oxygen Content is 1000ppm～21%, and oxidized metal quality ratio control is 1～50% in the outer 50 μ m of sintering metal～500 mu m ranges.
Among the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis of the present invention's----, the sintering atmosphere that described densification sintering process adopts is at least a from N
2, Ar, CO+O
2Or their combination, wherein Control for Oxygen Content is 1ppm～200ppm.
The present invention is owing to adopt above-mentioned processing method and prescription, has following advantage: in the densification sintering of realizing material, also realized metallographic phase in ceramic matrix from outward appearance to inner essence increase progressively distribution continuously, this structure not only helps relaxing cermet material owing to forming the excessive thermal expansion mismatch that causes of textural difference, and can solve metallographic phase under arms the selective dissolution of process and the ceramic phase that causes thereof peel off problem, and help cermet inert and be connected with the high-temperature electric conduction of metal guide rod.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1 (a) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample functional layer fracture apperance continuously.
Accompanying drawing 1 (b) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample transition layer fracture apperance continuously.
Accompanying drawing 2 (a) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample functional layer fracture apperance continuously.
Accompanying drawing 2 (b) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample functional layer fracture apperance continuously.
Accompanying drawing 3 (a) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample functional layer fracture apperance continuously.
Accompanying drawing 3 (b) is specific embodiment of the invention CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Sintering metal becomes atmosphere sintering sample functional layer fracture apperance continuously.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode
CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials of cermet inert anode is as shown in table 1.At first take by weighing NiO and Fe respectively by 1.35: 1 (mol ratio)
2O
3Powder, wherein the NiO powder size is 10 μ m, Fe
2O
3Powder size is 10 μ m, with industrial spirit or water, the adjacent dioctyl phthalate of benzene, oleic acid, ammonia salts solution, polyacrylamide solution, fish oil, o-butyl-2 salt, polyacrylic ester, at least a in the poly amic acid is dispersion agent, ball-milling processing 8h, 80 ℃ of following dry 24h, the corundum crucible of packing into then, place resistance furnace under air atmosphere, 1200 ℃ of calcining 6h obtain the composite ceramic material that median size is about 10 μ m.The X-ray diffraction material phase analysis shows and mainly contains NiO and NiFe in the ceramic powder
2O
4Two-phase.Then with previously prepared NiO-NiFe
2O
4Powder is the ceramic phase base-material, add 2% (mass percent respectively by proportioning, down together) CaO powder and 17% metal Cu powder, wherein the CaO powder size is 5 μ m, and metal Cu powder size is 2 μ m, with polyvinyl alcohol or carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, acrylic resin solution, sulfite solution, gelatin, polyoxyethylene glycol, the polyethylene butyl ester, polyethylene ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, at least a in the polyacrylic acid is binding agent, carry out ball milling mixing 4h, 80 ℃ of following dry 24h, obtaining median size is the metal-ceramic mixed powder of 3.68 μ m.Under 100MPa pressure, adopt bidirectional pressed moulding to obtain the sintering metal green compact.Green compact are placed electric furnace, (N in the inertia protective atmosphere
2) carrying out degreasing, skimming temp is 400 ℃, and degreasing time is 10h, and oxygen level is 100ppm in the atmosphere; Then in high-purity N
2Protection under rise to 800 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 50 ℃/h and carry out presintering, soaking time is 2h, oxygen level is 100ppm in the sintering atmosphere, obtains density and is about 75% sample; Then change oven cavity atmosphere down at 800 ℃, with oxidizing atmosphere sample is carried out oxide treatment, oxidization time is 0.5h, oxygen level is 1000pppm in the atmosphere, at last with the temperature rise rate of 30 ℃/h rise to 1150 ℃ down insulation 4h carry out sintering, oxygen level maintains about 1ppm in this moment furnace atmosphere.Figure 1 shows that the typical microstructures structure of the sintered specimen that obtains.As shown in Figure 1, the thick zone of oxidation of 50 μ m has appearred being about in the sintering metal sample top layer that is obtained, and the zone of oxidation composition detects through XRD and is CuO, NiO and NiFe
2O
4The ceramic-metallic mean density of density test shows is 5.49g/cm
3
Table 1CaO-Cu-NiO-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials example of cermet inert anode
Embodiment 2:CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode
CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials of cermet inert anode is as shown in table 2.At first take by weighing NiO and Fe respectively by 1: 1 (mol ratio)
2O
3Powder, wherein the NiO powder size is 20 μ m, Fe
2O
3Powder size is 20 μ m, with water or industrial spirit, the adjacent dioctyl phthalate of benzene, oleic acid, ammonia salts solution, polyacrylamide solution, fish oil, o-butyl-2 salt, polyacrylic ester, at least a in the poly amic acid is dispersion agent, ball-milling processing 8h, 80 ℃ of following dry 24h, the corundum crucible of packing into then, place resistance furnace under air atmosphere, 1200 ℃ of calcining 6h obtain the composite ceramic material that median size is about 18 μ m.The X-ray diffraction material phase analysis shows and mainly contains NiFe in the ceramic powder
2O
4Phase.Then with previously prepared NiFe
2O
4Powder is the ceramic phase base-material, add 2% (mass percent respectively by proportioning, down together) CaO powder and 17% metal Ni powder, wherein the CaO powder size is 15 μ m, and metal Ni powder size is 5 μ m, with polyoxyethylene glycol or carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, acrylic resin solution, sulfite solution, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, the polyethylene butyl ester, polyethylene ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, at least a in the polyacrylic acid is binding agent, carry out ball milling mixing 4h, 80 ℃ of following dry 24h, obtaining median size is the metal-ceramic mixed powder of 6.26 μ m.Under 200MPa pressure, adopt bidirectional pressed moulding to obtain the sintering metal green compact.Green compact are placed electric furnace, (CO in the inertia protective atmosphere
2) carrying out degreasing, skimming temp is 600 ℃, and degreasing time is 15h, and oxygen level is 300ppm in the atmosphere; Then at high-purity CO
2Rise to 1100 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 70 ℃/h under the protection of atmosphere and carry out presintering, soaking time is 4h, and oxygen level is 150ppm in the sintering atmosphere, obtains density and is about 82% sample; Then the cooling rate with 50 ℃/h cools the temperature to 1000 ℃, change oven cavity atmosphere, with oxidizing atmosphere sample is carried out oxide treatment, oxidization time is 2h, oxygen level is 5000ppm in the atmosphere, at last with the temperature rise rate of 40 ℃/h rise to 1250 ℃ down insulation 4h carry out sintering, oxygen level maintains about 100ppm in this moment furnace atmosphere.Figure 2 shows that the typical microstructures structure of the sintered specimen that obtains.As shown in Figure 2, the thick zone of oxidation of 120～130 μ m has appearred being about in the sintering metal specimen surface that obtains, and the zone of oxidation composition detects through XRD and is NiO and NiFe
2O
4Ceramic-metallic mean density is about 5.51g/cm
3, its room temperature bending strength reaches 175MPa.
Table 2CaO-Ni-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials example of cermet inert anode
Embodiment 3:CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4Cermet inert anode
CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials of cermet inert anode is as shown in table 3.At first take by weighing NiO and Fe respectively by 1.35: 1 (mol ratio)
2O
3Powder, wherein the NiO powder size is 50 μ m, Fe
2O
3Powder size is 50 μ m, with at least a in the adjacent dioctyl phthalate of benzene or industrial spirit, water, oleic acid, ammonia salts solution, polyacrylamide solution, fish oil, o-butyl-2 salt, polyacrylic ester, the poly amic acid is dispersion agent, ball-milling processing 8h, dry 24h under 80 ℃, the corundum crucible of packing into then, place resistance furnace under air atmosphere, 1200 ℃ of calcining 6h obtain the composite ceramic material that median size is about 32 μ m.The X-ray diffraction material phase analysis shows and mainly contains NiFe in the ceramic powder
2O
4Phase.Then with previously prepared NiFe
2O
4Powder is the ceramic phase base-material, add 1% (mass percent respectively by proportioning, CaO powder down together), 1%BaO powder and 17% metal Ni powder, wherein the CaO powder size is 30 μ m, the BaO powder size is 20 μ m, metal Ni powder size is 10 μ m, with carboxymethyl cellulose or polyoxyethylene glycol, hydroxy propyl cellulose, acrylic resin solution, sulfite solution, gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene butyl ester, the polyethylene ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, at least a in the polyacrylic acid are binding agent, carry out ball milling mixing 4h, dry 24h under 80 ℃, obtaining median size is the metal-ceramic mixed powder of 15.36 μ m.Under 400MPa pressure, adopt bidirectional pressed moulding to obtain the sintering metal green compact.Green compact are placed electric furnace, and (Ar) carries out degreasing in the inertia protective atmosphere, and skimming temp is 1000 ℃, and degreasing time is 24h, and oxygen level is 500ppm in the atmosphere; Rise to 1200 ℃ with the temperature rise rate of 100 ℃/h then under the protection of high-purity Ar and carry out presintering, soaking time is 8h, and oxygen level is 200ppm in the sintering atmosphere, obtains density and is about 90% sample; Then the heat-up rate with 50 ℃/h rises to 1250 ℃ with temperature, change oven cavity atmosphere, with oxidizing atmosphere sample is carried out oxide treatment, oxidization time is 6h, oxygen level is 21% in the atmosphere, at last with the temperature rise rate of 50 ℃/h rise to 1600 ℃ down insulation 8h carry out densification sintering, oxygen level maintains about 200ppm in this moment furnace atmosphere.Figure 3 shows that the typical microstructures structure of the sintered specimen that obtains.As shown in Figure 3, the thick zone of oxidation of 100～120 μ m has appearred being about in the sintering metal sample top layer that is obtained, and the zone of oxidation composition detects through XRD and is NiO and NiFe
2O
4The ceramic-metallic mean density of density test shows is 5.53g/cm
3
Table 3CaO-BaO-Ni-NiO-NiFe
2O
4The composition of raw materials example of cermet inert anode
Claims (16)
1, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis, comprise ceramic phase and metallographic phase, it is characterized in that: described ceramic phase comprises the composite oxides of Ni, Fe, Ca and at least a other element M, described metallographic phase comprises at least a Cu of being selected from, Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Ag, Pt, Au or their combination.
2, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 is characterized in that: comprising:
At least a chemical formula is Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δCeramic phase;
Wherein: M is at least a the be selected from metal of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ba, Co, Bi, Ti, V and rare earth and their combination;
The span of x is 0.01～0.99, and the span of y value is 0.01～0.99, and the span of z value is 0.001～0.15, and the span of ξ value is 0～0.1, and the span of δ is 0～0.2;
And a kind of metallographic phase;
Described metallographic phase comprises Cu and/or Ni, or at least a Co that is selected from, Cr, Fe, Ag, Pt, Au or their combination.
3, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described ceramic phase Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δIn, respective element Ni, Fe, Ca and M can be directly add with oxide form, and carbonate, nitrate or other salt forms that also can respective element add, and add-on is respectively in the corresponding oxide equivalents of element Ni, Fe, Ca and M.
4, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: the mass percent of described ceramic phase in sintering metal is 60%～95%, and the mass percent of described metallographic phase in sintering metal is 5%～40%.
5, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: one of composition of described ceramic phase comprises the oxide compound of Ni, Fe, Ca, and wherein, the content of Ni, Fe, Ca is corresponding to NiO, Fe in the ceramic phase
2O
3With the massfraction of CaO be: 1%～80%NiO, 0.01%～99%Fe
2O
3, 0.1%～10%CaO, wherein CaO is by containing CaCO
3, Ca (NO
3)
2, CaSO
4, (COO)
2Ca, (CH
3COO)
2At least a providing in Ca salt or the oxide compound is provided Ca etc.
6, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the mass percent of M oxide compound in sintering metal is 0～10% in the described ceramic phase.
7, a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the powder size of described ceramic phase NiO need be controlled at 10～50 μ m, ceramic phase Fe
2O
3Powder size need be controlled at 10～50 μ m, the powder size of ceramic phase CaO need be controlled at 5～30 μ m, the powder size of metallographic phase need be controlled at 2～10 μ m.
8, a kind of preparation method of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) batch mixing
With at least a metal and formula is Ni
xFe
2yCa
zM
ξO
(x+3y+z+ ξ) ± δStupalith carry out ball milling with dispersion agent, binding agent and mix;
Wherein, M is at least a the be selected from metal of Cu, Mn, Zn, Ba, Co, Bi, Ti, V and rare earth and their combination.The span of X is 0.01～0.99, and the span of y value is 0.01～0.99, and the span of z value is 0.001～0.15, and the span of ξ value is 0.001～0.1, and the span of δ is 0～0.2.
(2) base, degreasing
Compound is carried out spraying drying (granulation), obtain the sintering metal green compact at 100～400MPa compacted under then, under inert atmosphere, carry out skimming treatment again.
(3) become atmosphere sintering
Degreasing blank proceed step by step in vacuum oven or atmosphere furnace is become atmosphere sintering;
The first step: presintering, temperature are 800～1200 ℃, and 50～100 ℃/h of temperature rise rate is incubated 2～8 hours, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is less than 200ppm;
Second step: oxidation and sinter, temperature are 800～1250 ℃, and 50～100 ℃/h of lifting/lowering temperature speed is incubated 0.5～6 hour, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content changes in 1000ppm～21% scope;
The 3rd step: densification sintering, temperature are 1150～1600 ℃, and 30～50 ℃/h of temperature rise rate is incubated 4～8 hours, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is less than 200ppm.
9, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the dispersion agent that batch mixing adopts is: industrial spirit, water, the adjacent dioctyl phthalate of benzene, oleic acid, ammonia salts solution, polyacrylamide solution, fish oil, o-butyl-2 salt, polyacrylic ester, at least a in the poly amic acid.
10, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: the binding agent that batch mixing adopts is: polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxy propyl cellulose, acrylic resin solution, sulfite solution, gelatin, polyoxyethylene glycol, the polyethylene butyl ester, the polyethylene ethyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, at least a in the polyacrylic acid.
11, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8 is characterized in that: base adopts mold pressing or cast-isostatic cool pressing method, pressure 100～400MPa.
12, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8 is characterized in that: skimming temp is 400～1000 ℃.
13, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the inert atmosphere that adopts in the described skimming processes is at least a from N
2, Ar, CO
2Or their combination, degreasing time is 10h～24h, the atmosphere Control for Oxygen Content is at 100～500ppm.
14, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 8 is characterized in that: the sintering atmosphere that described presintering process adopts is at least a from N
2, Ar, CO
2Or their combination, the presintering time is 2h～8h, O in the sintering atmosphere
2Content is controlled to be 100ppm～200ppm, and the presintering density is controlled at 75%～90%.
15, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 10 is characterized in that: the oxidizing atmosphere that described oxidation and sinter process adopts is at least a from O
2, air, O
2+ Ar, O
2+ N
2Or their combination, oxidization time is controlled at 0.1h～5h, and Control for Oxygen Content is 1000ppm～21%, and oxidized metal quality ratio control is 1～50% in the outer 50 μ m of sintering metal～500 mu m ranges.
16, the preparation method of a kind of metal ceramic inert anode for molten salt electrolysis according to claim 10 is characterized in that: the sintering atmosphere that described densification sintering process adopts is at least a from N
2, Ar, CO+O
2Or their combination, wherein O
2Content is controlled to be 1ppm～200ppm.
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101586246B (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-05 | 中南大学 | High temperature resistant molten salt corrosion ceramet anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102010193A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-04-13 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Corrosion resistant protection material for fusedsaltelectrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN102206837A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Inert anode and preparation method thereof |
| CN102560562A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Manufacturing method and application method of nickel-based intermetallic compound inert anode |
| CN102586853A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-18 | 中南大学 | Method for improving high-temperature fused salt corrosion resistance of metal ceramic inert anode |
| CN102732769A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-17 | 中南大学 | Nickel ferrite-copper metal ceramic inert anode material and preparation method |
| CN104005054A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-27 | 王宇栋 | Metal oxide ceramic inert anode and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN104060298A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-24 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ceramic alloy inert anode with equipotential plane and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106488998A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2017-03-08 | 力拓艾尔坎国际有限公司 | For preparing electrode material of inert anode and application thereof |
| CN107604387A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of ceramal anode material and preparation method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101586246B (en) * | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-05 | 中南大学 | High temperature resistant molten salt corrosion ceramet anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN102206837A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-10-05 | 比亚迪股份有限公司 | Inert anode and preparation method thereof |
| CN102010193A (en) * | 2010-12-15 | 2011-04-13 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Corrosion resistant protection material for fusedsaltelectrolysis and preparation method thereof |
| CN102560562A (en) * | 2012-02-28 | 2012-07-11 | 北京科技大学 | Manufacturing method and application method of nickel-based intermetallic compound inert anode |
| CN102586853A (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2012-07-18 | 中南大学 | Method for improving high-temperature fused salt corrosion resistance of metal ceramic inert anode |
| CN102586853B (en) * | 2012-03-14 | 2014-05-28 | 中南大学 | Method for improving high-temperature fused salt corrosion resistance of metal ceramic inert anode |
| CN102732769B (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2013-11-20 | 中南大学 | Nickel ferrite-copper metal ceramic inert anode material and preparation method |
| CN102732769A (en) * | 2012-07-17 | 2012-10-17 | 中南大学 | Nickel ferrite-copper metal ceramic inert anode material and preparation method |
| CN104005054A (en) * | 2013-02-22 | 2014-08-27 | 王宇栋 | Metal oxide ceramic inert anode and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN106488998A (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2017-03-08 | 力拓艾尔坎国际有限公司 | For preparing electrode material of inert anode and application thereof |
| CN106488998B (en) * | 2014-06-26 | 2018-12-21 | 力拓艾尔坎国际有限公司 | It is used to prepare the electrode material and application thereof of inert anode |
| CN104060298A (en) * | 2014-06-27 | 2014-09-24 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Ceramic alloy inert anode with equipotential plane and preparation method thereof |
| CN105239102A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-13 | 中南大学 | Method for decreasing aluminum electrolysis NiFe2O4 base metal ceramic inert anode corrosion rate |
| CN107604387A (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2018-01-19 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | A kind of ceramal anode material and preparation method thereof |
| CN111962100A (en) * | 2020-07-06 | 2020-11-20 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Gradient inert anode material and preparation method thereof |
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