CN101250711A - Electrochemical reduction method and apparatus for carbonic anhydride in ionic liquid - Google Patents

Electrochemical reduction method and apparatus for carbonic anhydride in ionic liquid Download PDF

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CN101250711A
CN101250711A CNA2008100582257A CN200810058225A CN101250711A CN 101250711 A CN101250711 A CN 101250711A CN A2008100582257 A CNA2008100582257 A CN A2008100582257A CN 200810058225 A CN200810058225 A CN 200810058225A CN 101250711 A CN101250711 A CN 101250711A
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ionic liquid
electrochemical
reaction
carbon dioxide
carbonic acid
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CN101250711B (en
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施锦
胡玉琪
华一新
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to an electrochemical reducing method of carbon dioxide in ionic liquid and an electrochemical reducing device. The method comprises following steps: injecting ionic liquid in a cathode chamber in the electrochemical reducing device, inputting the carbon dioxide, inputting hydrogen on the inner side of an anode bipolar plate, oxidizing the hydrogen on an anode, generating hydrogen ions, enabling H+ to traverse through proton exchange membrane to reach a cathode, transmitting electrons to the cathode through an external circuit, enabling the carbon dioxide and the H+ to generate electrochemical reduction reaction on the cathode, generating organic compound such as carbinol and the like, and obtaining the carbinol, water and other secondary reaction products through distilling the organic compound which is generated. The ionic liquid of the invention has very high electrical conductivity and ion mobility, the ionic liquid is suitable to be used as a media system of electrochemical reaction, simultaneously, the ionic liquid has the advantages of low volatility and small toxicity, competitive reaction of the H+ is inhibited, since the solubility of the carbon dioxide in the ionic liquid is very high, the efficiency of the electrochemical reduction reaction of the carbon dioxide is also comparatively high, and the electrochemical method of the invention utilizes CO2 to generate the organic compounds such as the carbinol and the like (by products are aminic acid, formaldehyde and the like), which realizes the resource utilization of the CO2.

Description

Electrochemical reduction method and the device of carbonic acid gas in ionic liquid
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrochemical reduction method and the device of carbonic acid gas in ionic liquid.
Background technology
Carbonic acid gas being converted into organic compound such as methyl alcohol with electrochemical method is an important channel of realizing the carbonic acid gas resource utilization, and the electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide reaction can be carried out in the aqueous solution, also can carry out [1] in non-aqueous system.In the aqueous solution, the subject matter that the electro-reduction reaction of carbonic acid gas runs into has: 1. the current efficiency of carbonic acid gas generation electro-reduction reaction is low; 2. carbonic acid gas solubleness in the aqueous solution is low excessively.In non-aqueous solvent, the subject matter that the electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide reaction runs into: 1. Chang Yong three kinds of organic solvents (acetonitrile, dimethyl formamide and methyl-sulphoxide) have volatility and toxic side effect; 2. water has very big influence to the electrochemical properties of above-mentioned three kinds of organic solvents, needs through refinement treatment before solvent uses, and must remove the moisture in desolvating, but carbonic acid gas has water to generate in the process that electrochemical reducting reaction takes place.For above-mentioned reasons, it is very necessary to explore new electrolyte system.
Reference:
[1] Zhang Li, Luo Yiwen, button east, Xiao Liping, Lu Jiaxing, CO 2Electroreduction behavior on copper electrode. SCI, 2007 (28) 1660-1662.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method, make carbonic acid gas that electrochemical reducting reaction take place in ionic liquid, and generate organic compound (by product is formic acid, formaldehyde etc.) such as methyl alcohol, realize the carbonic acid gas resource utilization.
The ion liquid structural formula that the present invention selects for use is:
R 1, R 2: H, C 1-C 5Alkyl
The method and apparatus of electrochemical reaction:
To separate with proton exchange membrane (perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane Nafion) between the cathode compartment of electrochemical reaction appts and the anolyte compartment, inject above-mentioned ionic liquid in the cathode compartment, be close to wire netting on the proton exchange membrane as negative electrode; The Pt/C catalyzer is arranged on the anode, and catalyst layer is made up of diffusion layer (carbon paper or carbon cloth) and Catalytic Layer (Pt/C catalyzer) two portions, is distributed with tiny groove on the bipolar plates, has collected current and guarantees H 2The effect of supply.Hydrogen is oxidized on anode, generates hydrogen ion, H +Pass proton exchange membrane and arrive negative electrode, electronics is transferred to negative electrode by external circuit.Carbonic acid gas and H +Electrochemical reducting reaction takes place on negative electrode, generates methyl alcohol and other side reaction products.The structure of electrochemical reaction appts can be expressed as:
H 2(g), Pt|Nafion| metallic cathode, CO 2, CH 3OH
The electrode reaction equation is:
Anode: 3H 2→ 6H ++ 6e
Negative electrode: CO 2+ 6H ++ 6e → CH 3OH+H 2O
Advantage that the present invention is compared with prior art had or positively effect:
1, above-mentioned ionic liquid has very high specific conductivity and mobility of ions, is suitable as the medium system of electrochemical reaction, and above-mentioned ionic liquid has the low and little advantage of toxicity of volatility simultaneously.
2, H +Competing reaction be suppressed, and since the solubleness of carbonic acid gas in above-mentioned ionic liquid very high, the electro-reduction reaction efficient of carbonic acid gas is also higher.
Electrochemical method of the present invention utilizes CO 2Generate organic compound (by product is formic acid, formaldehyde etc.) such as methyl alcohol, realized CO 2Resource utilization.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a carbonic acid gas electrochemical reaction appts synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Among the figure, 1-ionic liquid, 2-wire netting negative electrode, 3-proton exchange membrane, 4-Catalytic Layer, 5-diffusion layer, 6-bipolar plates.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, will separate with proton exchange membrane (perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane Nafion) between the cathode compartment of electrochemical reaction appts and the anolyte compartment, inject above-mentioned ionic liquid in the cathode compartment, its structural formula is:
Figure S2008100582257D00021
R 1, R 2: H, C 1-C 5Alkyl
Feed carbonic acid gas in the cathode compartment, be close to wire netting on the proton exchange membrane as negative electrode; The Pt/C catalyzer is arranged on the anode, catalyst layer is made up of diffusion layer (carbon paper or carbon cloth) and Catalytic Layer (Pt/C catalyzer) two portions, the effect of diffusion layer is to support Catalytic Layer, for electrochemical reaction provides gas passage, be distributed with tiny groove on the anode bipolar plate (material is carbon, stainless steel or titanium).
In the anolyte compartment of electrochemical reaction appts, feed hydrogen, the oxidized generation of hydrogen H +, H +Pass proton exchange membrane and arrive negative electrode, carbonic acid gas and H +Electrochemical reducting reaction takes place on negative electrode, generate organic compound such as methyl alcohol, the mixture of generation obtains methyl alcohol, water and other side reaction products through rectifying.

Claims (2)

1. the method for electrochemical reducting reaction takes place in a carbonic acid gas in ionic liquid, it is characterized in that injecting ionic liquid in the cathode compartment in electrochemical reaction appts, and feeds carbonic acid gas, at the inboard hydrogen that feeds of anode bipolar plate, hydrogen is oxidized on anode, generates hydrogen ion, H +Pass proton exchange membrane and arrive negative electrode, electronics is then transferred to negative electrode by external circuit, carbonic acid gas and H +Electrochemical reducting reaction takes place on negative electrode, generate organic compound such as methyl alcohol, the organic compound of generation obtains methyl alcohol, water and other side reaction products through rectifying, and ion liquid structural formula is:
Figure S2008100582257C00011
R 1, R 2: H, C 1-C 5Alkyl
2. the device of the electrochemical reducting reaction of the described carbonic acid gas of claim 1 in ionic liquid, it is characterized in that: separate with proton exchange membrane between cathode compartment and the anolyte compartment, be close to wire netting on the proton exchange membrane as negative electrode, the Pt/C catalyzer is arranged on the anode, catalyst layer is made up of diffusion layer and Catalytic Layer two portions, and anode bipolar plate is close to diffusion layer.
CN2008100582257A 2008-03-27 2008-03-27 Electrochemical reduction method and apparatus for carbonic anhydride in ionic liquid Expired - Fee Related CN101250711B (en)

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