CN101236231A - 用于监控温度传感装置的方法和设备 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于监控温度传感装置的方法和设备。一种用于监控温度传感电路和检测其中的故障的方法和制造产品。该方法包括监控从多个温度传感电路输出的传感器读数。由从传感器电路的子集输出的传感器读数确定、计算传感器平均读数。将传感器读数中的每一个与平均传感器读数进行比较。当传感器读数中的一个偏离该平均传感器读数的量超过阈值,更具体地当传感器的读数中的一个偏离该平均传感器读数的量大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量时,识别故障。
Description
技术领域
本发明通常涉及动力系控制***和用于检测其中的故障的***。
背景技术
动力系控制结构包括用于监控各个部件和子***的运转的***,以确保合适的控制和运转,以及识别部件和***故障。这包括可操作地监控一些部件和子***的温度的装置和控制算法。温度监控可由具有温度传感装置的***实现,包括使用热阻装置的电路,例如热敏电阻和其他传感器。用于监控温度的这些***和装置可能具有导致温度读数错误的故障,并通常需要被监控。
温度传感***的监控包括可操作地检测电路短路和断路的***。监控可以包括合理性监控器,其中为了信号偏差或不希望有的变化而监控温度传感器信号。
合理性监控的一种形式是在包括数学模型的控制模块中执行的算法,该数学模型基于运转条件预设温度,并将该预设温度与传感***测量的温度进行对比,以确定传感***是否合适地运行。这种方法需要技术人员的努力开发并校准该预测模型,并且消耗该控制模块中的运行空间、内存和执行的时间。
执行温度合理性监控器的风险包括错误地指示故障的出现,其中***不精确地识别故障的出现,并且可以由极限环境条件过程执行温度合理性监控器引起,或者电路噪声,或者数字信号处理中的误差。处理上述问题的一种方法包括如可以实施合理性的测试的限制运行条件,其导致信号分辨率降低或者温度传感范围降低。
因此,需要一种温度监控设置,其能够解决上述涉及的问题。下文中将描述这样的***。
发明内容
依据本发明的具体实施方式,提供一种用于监控温度传感电路和检测其中的故障的方法和制造产品。所述方法包括监控从多个温度传感电路输出的传感器读数。由从温度传感电路的子集输出的传感器读数确定、计算平均传感器读数。传感器读数的每一个与平均传感器读数进行比较。当传感器读数中的一个偏离平均传感器读数的量大于阈值时,更具体地当传感器读数中的一个偏离平均传感器读数的量大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量时,识别故障。
通过阅读和理解下面的具体实施例的详细描述,对于本领域技术人员而言,本发明的这些或其他方面将变得明白。
附图说明
本发明可以在特定部件和部件的设置中采用物理形式,在形成本发明的一部分的附图中详细描述和阐述其实施例,并且其中:
图1是依据本发明的用于控制***和动力系的示范性结构的示意图;
图2是依据本发明的示意图;
图3是依据本发明的逻辑流程图。
具体实施方式
现在参考附图,其中给出的附图仅仅用来解释而并不是用来限制本发明,图1和2描述了依据本发明的具体实施方式构建的动力系控制***的示意图。下面描述的部件可操作地提供这里描述的动力系的协调控制。动力系包括内燃机14和电力机械变速器10,该电力机械变速器可操作地通过输出轴65提供扭矩输出至动力传动***。电力机械变速器10包括一对电机MA,MB 46,48。依据预先确定的控制方案和不再这里详细讨论的参数,内燃机、电力机械变速器和电机可操作地在其间传递扭矩。
在上面描述的实施方式中,电力机械变速器10接收作为燃料或存储在电能存储装置(ESD)25中的电势的能量转换的结果的来自扭矩生成装置的输入扭矩,所述扭矩生成装置包括内燃机14和电机MA46,MB48。电机MA和MB均包含具有在定子中可旋转的转子的三相AC电机。该转子传送运动转矩(motive torque)。电机作为扭矩产生装置和电能产生装置工作。ESD25典型地包括一个或多个电池。在不改变本发明的概念的情况下,可以使用具有存储电能和分配电功率的其他电能和电化学能量存储装置来替代电池。基于包括再生需求和涉及典型的路面坡度和温度的应用问题以及例如排放、功率辅助和电范围(electric range)的推进力需求的因素优选尺寸化ESD25。ESD25通过DC转移导体(transfer conductor)27被高压直流地耦合到变速器动力逆变器模块(transmission power inverter module)(TPIM)19。TPIM19是控制***的元件。TPIM19通过转移导体29将电能传送到MA46以及从MA46传送电能,并且类似地,TPIM19通过转移导体31将电能传送到MB48以及从MB48传送电能。根据ESD25是被充电还是被放电,电流被传送到ESD以及从ESD传送电流。TPIM19包括一对动力逆变器和相应的电动机控制模块,该电动机控制模块被配置以从那里接收电动机控制命令和控制逆变器状态,以便提供电动机驱动或再生功能。每个动力逆变器包括多个绝缘栅双极晶体管(IGBT),所述绝缘栅双极晶体管包括开关,所述开关通过在高频切换,将能量存储装置20的DC功率转化为AC功率,用于为电机MA、MB之一供电。对于三相电机的每一相,典型地存在一个IGBT。
控制***合成相关的信息和输入,并且执行算法以控制多种致动器以实现控制目标,所述控制目标包括例如燃料经济性、排放、性能、驱动能力之类的参数,以及包括ESD25的电池和MA46及MB48的硬件的保护。在示范性的具体实施方式中,存在分布式控制模块结构,其包括发动机控制模块(‘ECM’)23、变速器控制模块(‘TCM’)17、电池组控制模块(‘BPCM’)21和TPIM19。混合控制模块(‘HCP’)5提供前述的控制模块的协作和全部的(overarching)控制。这里的用户接口(‘U’)13可操作地连接到多个装置,通过该多个装置,车辆操作者通过对扭矩输出的请求典型地控制或者指示包括变速器10的动力系的运行。对UI13的示范性车辆操作者输入包括加速踏板、制动踏板、变速器齿轮选择器以及车辆速度巡航控制。上述控制模块中的每一个通过局域网(‘LAN’)总线6与其他控制模块、传感器以及致动器通信。LAN总线6允许不同控制模块间的控制参数和命令的结构化的通信。使用的特定通信协议是专用的。LAN总线和适当的协议提供在上述控制模块和其他提供例如防抱死制动、牵引控制以及车辆稳定性的功能的控制模块之间的强大的消息传送和多控制模块接口连接。
HCP5基于来自UI13和包括电池组的动力系的多个输入信号提供混合动力系***的全部控制,为协调ECM23、TCM17、TPIM19和BPCM21的运行提供服务。ECM23被可操作地连接到发动机14,并用于经由被共同示为集合线35的多个离散线,分别从发动机14的多个传感器获取数据以及控制发动机14的多个致动器。TCM17被可操作地连接到变速器10,并用于从多个传感器获取数据和为变速器提供命令信号,包括监控来自压力开关的输入,以及选择性地激励压力控制螺线管和移位螺线管,以便激励多种离合器来实现多种变速操作模式。BPCM21用信号连接可操作地监控ESD25的电流或电压参数的一个或多个传感器,以向HCP5提供关于电池状态的信息。这样的信息包括电池的充电状态(‘SOC’)、电池电压以及可用的电池功率。
上述控制模块中的每一个优选包括通用数字计算机,该计算机通常包括微处理器或中央处理单元,包括只读存储器(ROM)、随机存取存储器(RAM)、电可编程只读存储器(EPROM)的存储介质,高速时钟,模数(A/D)和数模(D/A)转换电路,和输入/输出电路和装置(I/O)以及适当的信号调整和缓冲电路。每个控制模块具有一组控制算法,包括机器可执行代码和ROM中固有的校准并且可执行地提供每个计算机的相应功能。在该多个计算机之间的信息传递优选地使用上述LAN6实现。
在预置回路循环过程中,典型地执行用于控制模块的每一个中的控制和状态估计的算法,使得每个算法在每个回路循环中至少执行一次。存储在非易失性存储装置中的算法通过中央处理单元中的一个执行,并且利用预置的校准,可操作地监控检测装置的输入以及执行控制和诊断程序以控制相应的装置。回路循环典型地在发动机和车辆正在运行时以规则的时间间隔运行,例如每3.125、6.25、12.5、25以及100毫秒。可选择地,算法可以响应事件的发生而执行。
现在参考图2,描述了该示范性的***的更多细节,包括用于控制电机之一的硬件。该***包括高压电源ESD25、TPIM19的包括控制模块的一部分、以及电机MA46,其通过导电电缆互连。TPIM包括一对动力转换器控制电路,或者逆变器,其包括已知的互补三相动力电子装置。逆变器电路中的一个(表示为30)包括多个邻近的电路33、35、37,其具有串联设置的功率IGBT晶体管器件,其每一个由控制模块控制以在ESD25和电机46之间传送电能。逆变器电路30将从ESD25输出的DC电能转化为AC电能,用于驱动电机46,并将电动机产生的AC电能转化为DC电能,用于为ESD25充电。ESD25通过DC转移导体27被高压耦合到控制电路33、35、37的每一个。
温度传感网络包括多个温度传感器以及可操作地监控邻近定位的装置的温度的电路,例如控制电路30和电机46。每个电路33、35、37包括包含相应的温度传感装置32、34、36的温度传感电路和包含电阻装置、电缆、电连接器以及其他对从温度传感装置之一到控制模块(未显示)的电信号的处理和传送有效的元件的电信号处理电路。温度传感装置T132、T234、T336均优选地包括热阻装置,其产生与在相应电路处测量的温度相关的电信号。因此,装置T1产生温度信号TINV1,装置T2产生温度信号TINV2,以及装置T3产生温度信号TINV3。温度传感装置TM38优选也包括热阻装置,可操作地产生与电机中测量的温度相关的电信号,TM。热阻装置可以包括已知的热敏电阻装置,并且电信号处理电路包括被合适地尺寸化和校准以便对被监控的电机46和控制电路30监控在操作温度范围内的温度的一个或多个电阻装置。
现在参考图3,这里描述了依据本发明的具体实施方式的用于监控来自温度传感网络的输出以检测其中的故障的方法50。该方法总体上包括监控从多个温度传感电路输出的传感器读数。由从温度传感电路的子集输出的传感器读数计算平均传感器读数,并且传感器读数的每一个与平均传感器读数进行比较。当传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量时,采取动作。在预定的回路循环之一期间,该方法优选地被执行为控制***中的一个或多个算法。方法50包括为传感器T1、T2、T3和TM监控传感器电路的输出以从相应的传感器电路获得温度传感器读数TINV1、TINV2、TINV3和TM(步骤52)。基于TINV1、TINV2、TINV3确定第一平均温度TAVG_1(步骤54),然后将第一平均温度TAVG_1与TINV1、TINV2、TINV3的每一个进行比较(步骤56)。
当TINV1、TINV2、TINV3的一个或多个落在预先设定的范围之外时,对于最大地偏离第一平均温度TAVG_1的传感器的故障增量(FI)被设置为等于1(“1”)。作为实例,在这个流程图中,最大地偏离的读数被确定为TINV1。基于剩余的两个传感器的读数TINV2、TINV3确定第二平均温度TAVG_2(步骤58),并且将第二平均温度TAVG_2与TINV2、TINV3进行比较(步骤60)。当剩余的两个传感器的读数TINV2、TINV3相差预定值且在范围之外时,将TINV2和TINV3均与TM进行比较(步骤62)。当TINV2和TINV3与TM的比较均在预先确定的范围之外时,传感器T2、T3、TM中的每一个的故障增量(FI)被设置为1(“1”)(步骤64)。当TINV2和TINV3之一与TM的比较在预先确定的范围之外时,对于范围之外的传感器例如T2或者T3的故障增量被设置为1(“1”)(步骤84)。
当来自剩余的两个传感器的读数TINV2、TINV3在彼此的范围之内时(步骤60),对于两个传感器的故障增量被设置为0(“0”),即:FI-T2=0,FI-T3=0(步骤78)。TM的读数与第二平均温度TAVG_2比较(步骤80),并且,当在预定范围内时,对于传感器TM的故障增量(FI-TM)被设置为等于0(“0”)(步骤86)。当对于传感器TM的读数在该预先设定的范围之外时,对于传感器TM的故障增量(FI-TM)被设置为等于1(“1”)(步骤82)。
当第一平均温度TAVG_1与读数TINV1、TINV2、TINV3的每一个进行比较(步骤56),并且TINV1、TINV2、TINV3中没有一个落在预先设定的范围之外时,对于传感器T1、T2、T3的故障增量(FI)被设置为等于0(“0”)(步骤72)。将第一平均温度TAVG_1与TM进行比较(步骤74),并且当TM在范围之内时,传感器TM的故障增量(FI)被设置为等于0(步骤88)。当TM在范围之外时,传感器TM的故障增量(FI)被设置为等于1(步骤76)。
当对于传感器T1、T2、T3和TM的故障增量被设置为“1”或是“0”时,对于每个传感器的故障数增加了相应的故障增量,并且采样计数器被增加(步骤66)。使用“X在Y之外”(“X out of Y”)分析对故障数进行评估(步骤68),其中“X”代表每个传感器的故障数,“Y”代表总的采样数目。因此,评估每个故障数以确定对于采样数目,发生故障的量是否超过阈值故障量。
优选地在冷启动事件之后执行这里所述的控制流程,其中,在不同电路和装置之间的温度达到平衡,因此容易对监控的所有装置采用共同的基准温度。考虑到信号范围和传感器的性能以及控制模块的A/D转换器的分辨率,优选地监控在温度范围内的温度以允许进行温度的有效测量,该温度范围基于使用的热敏电阻或其他温度传感器的输出来确定。
可以理解,在本发明的范围内,硬件的改变是允许的。具体参照其实施例和修改已经描述了本发明。在阅读和理解具体实施方式的基础上能够进行进一步的修改和改变,但这样的修改或改变不会超出本发明要保护的范围。在这样的情况下,所有的修改和改变依然落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (20)
1.用于检测温度传感电路中的故障的方法,包括:
监控从多个温度传感电路输出的传感器读数;
确定由从温度传感电路的子集输出的传感器读数计算的平均传感器读数;
将每个传感器读数与平均传感器读数进行比较;以及
确定何时传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括确定何时所述传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量的量。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,进一步包括在传感器读数的基本部分过程中,当所述传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量时,识别传感电路之一中的故障。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括监控从可操作地监控装置中的温度的多个基本上邻近的传感电路输出的传感器读数。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
监控从可操作地监控电机和机器控制电路的多个温度传感电路输出的传感器读数,以及,
确定由从可操作地监控机器控制电路的温度传感电路输出的传感器读数计算的平均传感器读数。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括:
选择性地省略偏离平均传感器读数的传感器读数之一;
确定由剩余的传感器读数的子集计算的第二平均传感器读数;
将每一个剩余的传感器读数与第二平均传感器读数进行比较;以及,
确定何时剩余的传感器读数之一从第二平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量。
7.如权利要求6所述的方法,进一步包括确定何时所述传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量的量。
8.用于监控电机和机器控制电路的温度的方法,包括:
监控从可操作地监控电机和机器控制电路的多个温度传感器输出的传感器读数;
确定由从传感器的子集输出的传感器读数计算的平均传感器读数;
当传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量时,识别传感电路之一中的故障。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中识别传感电路之一中的故障进一步包括:
有规律地监控从温度传感器输出的传感器读数;以及
当传感器读数从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量的量时,识别温度传感电路之一中的故障。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,进一步包括在传感器读数的基本部分过程中,当传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量时,识别传感电路之一中的故障。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其中确定由从传感器的子集输出的传感器读数计算的平均传感器读数包括确定由从可操作地监控机器控制电路的温度传感器输出的传感器读数计算的平均传感器读数。
12.如权利要求8所述的方法,进一步包括当传感器读数在平均传感器读数的范围内时,确定传感电路之一可接受地起作用。
13.如权利要求8所述的方法,进一步包括在冷启动事件之后有规律地监控传感器读数。
14.制造产品,包括存储介质,该存储介质具有在其中编码的机器可执行代码,用于实现监控可操作地监控电功率控制电路和电机的温度的多个温度传感电路的方法,该代码包括:
用以监控从温度传感电路输出的传感器读数的代码;
用以确定由被监控的传感器读数的子集计算的平均传感器读数的代码;
用以当被监控的传感器读数之一从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量时识别温度传感电路之一中的故障的代码。
15.如权利要求14所述的制造产品,其中每一个温度传感电路包括:
可操作地监控电功率控制电路和电机中的一个的温度传感装置;以及,
可操作地传送来自温度传感装置的输出信号的电路。
16.如权利要求14所述的制造产品,其中用以识别温度传感电路之一中的故障的代码进一步包括:
用以有规律地监控温度传感器读数的代码;和
用以当传感器读数从平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量的量时识别传感电路之一中的故障的代码。
17.如权利要求14所述的制造产品,其中电功率控制电路是基本上邻近的。
18.如权利要求14所述的制造产品,进一步包括用以当传感器读数在平均传感器读数的范围内时确定传感电路之一可接受地起作用的代码。
19.如权利要求14所述的制造产品,进一步包括:
用于选择性地省略偏离平均传感器读数的传感器读数之一的代码;
用于确定由剩余的传感器读数的子集计算的第二平均传感器读数的代码;
用于将每一个剩余的传感器读数与第二平均传感器读数进行比较的代码;以及
用于确定何时剩余的传感器读数之一从第二平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值的量的代码。
20.如权利要求19所述的制造产品,进一步包括用于确定何时剩余的传感器读数之一从第二平均传感器读数偏离了大于阈值至少Y传感器读数之外的X倍的量的量的代码。
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US20080181280A1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
US7555411B2 (en) | 2009-06-30 |
DE102008006732A1 (de) | 2008-10-02 |
DE102008006732B4 (de) | 2010-07-08 |
CN101236231B (zh) | 2011-03-30 |
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