CN101223907B - Method for treating tomato utilizing high pressure alternation electric field - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an application of high voltage electric filed in fruitage, in particular to a method for treating tomato with an alternative electric field. The method of the invention solves such critical problems of the prior art as long time for treating tomato under a constant high voltage electrostatic field , complicated operation and big electricity leakage while a high voltage isloaded. The tomatoes are placed in a high voltage alternative electric field environment at a frequency of 40kHz, an electric field intensity of 200kV/m and treated for 2 hours at a time, which can delay the ripening process of fruitage such as reddening and softening. The invention has the effects of deferring the hardness of fruitage, the decrease of soluble sugar content in the fruitage and chlorophyll content in fruit peel, the rising of titratable acid and lycopene content, etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the application of a kind of high voltage electric field on fruit, be specially a kind of method of utilizing high-voltage alternating electric field to handle tomato.
Background technology
Domestic relevant electric field treatment preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing has many researchs.But be mostly to carry out with this electric field form of high-voltage electrostatic field, the test report has all shown the potential possibility of this storage method.Test finds that the electrostatic field fresh-retaining preserving is a kind of preferable storage practices for the difficulty storage fruits and vegetables of some high-moistures.From lot of experiment results, the high-voltage electrostatic field to the processing of the inhibition of the growth of plant and microorganism, agricultural product particularly the fresh-retaining preserving of fruits and vegetables be favourable.
So far, external Sci about the electric field treatment storage fruit and vegetable includes document and finds three pieces.ShiVashankara et al. (2004) studies report: positive high voltage electric field to the hardness of mango and color and luster to no effect, adopt 150kV/m electric field treatment 45min, positive high voltage electric field makes to breathe to be increased, anti-oxidant weakening, but negative electric field is handled the variation that can suppress cell leakage increase and enzymatic activity, the short-term high voltage electric field is handled and has been suppressed the Mango Fruit breathing as a result, has prolonged shelf life; Bajgai et al. (2006) has then carried out the application study of high voltage electric field prolongation " blueberry fruit " shelf life, its result of study is to handle 2h (disposable) fruit with the alternating electric field of this intensity of 430KV/m and DC electric field, the result shows that alternating electric field is effective, can reduce weightlessness, reduce rotting rate, but to not obviously influence of Vc, alternating electric field can keep this fruit hardness, color and luster, fruit shelf life under having prolonged 4 ℃, DC electric field has effect, but no significant difference.Atungulu et al. (2003) reports that also the high voltage electric field processing can suppress apple and breathe and respiratory climacteric.
The high-voltage electrostatic field is fresh-keeping to be a kind of free of contamination physical fresh-keeping method, domestic many scholars think that its fresh-keeping mechanism may be because high voltage static ionized air, make it to produce ion-atmosphere and a certain amount of ozone, anion wherein have suppress fruits and vegetables metabolism, reduce its respiratory intensity, the effects such as activity of the enzyme that slows down; And ozone is a kind of strong oxidizer, except that having sterilizing ability, can also react with ethene, ethanol and acetaldehyde etc., indirectly fruits and vegetables is played preservation (Bai Ya township etc., 2003; Fan Meihua etc., 1998).
Paper " influence that the high-pressure electrostatic preconditioning technique is fresh-keeping to tomato " (Zhang Quanguo, Jiao Youzhou etc., 2002) report: tomato is after the high-pressure electrostatic preliminary treatment, its preservation and freshness time can be prolonged effectively, especially be 150kV/m in electric-field intensity, processing time is when being 45min, occur after can making the respiratory climacteric of tomato under the natural conditions postpone 4d, and find that the high-voltage electrostatic field preliminary treatment can keep tomato high compression strength and lower weight-loss ratio effectively, show that the high-pressure electrostatic preconditioning technique is applicable to the preservation and freshness of fruits and vegetables agricultural products such as tomato, has stronger feasibility and wide market application prospect.But paper " regulation and control and the mechanism research thereof of after ripening, aging course is adopted in the high-voltage electrostatic field to tomato " (Danyang, 2005) by to high-voltage electrostatic field (150～200KV/M electric field in short-term, disposable processing 2 hours) observation of tomato weight-loss ratio and fruit colour variation down, the processing mode of only handling once after but confirming to adopt in the fresh-keeping operation of high-pressure electrostatic can not produce tangible fresh-keeping effect.
" high-voltage electrostatic field handle the respiration of fruits effect influence mechanism research ", food industry science and technology, 2003 the 12nd phases, Wang Jie, Li Lite, Danyang, Ye Qing, Li Yingjun etc., (it is suitable to consider whether write bibliographical information like this, your this existing periodical title, time, all authors, similar part is all arranged below) introduce 50kv/m and 100kv/m direct current negative electric field 1h/d in the text and handled tomato, find that high voltage electric field has significant inhibitory effect to the tomato breathing, the Master degree candidate of China Agricultural University academic dissertation, " the high-voltage electrostatic field preservation device improves the influence that reaches several climacteric type fruits ", Ye Qing, special education is awarded in Lee, mentions in the literary composition with the high voltage electric field processing tomato of 40～200kv/m and handling 2 hours every day, continue 30 days, the experimental result performance, electric field energy produces a certain amount of ozone, and can keep the exterior quality of fruits and vegetables, the aging of delayed fruit, variable color; Rotting rate, weight-loss ratio also significantly reduce.
Be not difficult to find that the electric field treatment fruit vegetables storing research in past is always mainly around the high-voltage electrostatic field from the introduction of front, particularly this steady electric field carries out, but needs all handle every day, the process complexity.Different with it alternating electric field forms was not related to.Bajgai et al. (2006) has then carried out the application study of high voltage electric field prolongation " blueberry fruit " shelf life, its result of study is to handle 2h (disposable) fruit with the alternating electric field of this intensity of 430KV/m and DC electric field, the result shows that alternating electric field is effective, can reduce weightlessness, reduce rotting rate, but to not obviously influence of Vc, alternating electric field can keep this fruit hardness, color and luster, fruit shelf life under having prolonged 4 ℃, DC electric field has effect, but no significant difference.For tomato storage, the transformation of electric field property to its storage effect also the someone to make intensive research electric field treatment experimental provision be to carry out fresh-keeping prerequisite of fruits and vegetables electric field and basis.The electric field treatment experimental system is divided into storage (but temperature adjustment, humidity), electric field treatment preserve test platform, high pressure generator, rectification control section, high-voltage conducting wires, the such several sections of ground connection device.Prior art, as the patent No. is 94212400.6 to disclose a kind of high voltage electric field food fruit freshness preserving machine, the core of structure comprises positive-negative electrode plate and high pressure generator, produce stable high direct voltage, the high pressure that produces 1～1.5 ten thousand volt then can keep never degenerating in 4～5 months to food preparation in 5～10 minutes.Also have some devices, structure is similar substantially.Number of patent application 94212400.6 discloses a kind of high voltage electric field food fruit anti-corrosive fresh-keeping machine, number of patent application 90202545.7 discloses a kind of fruits and vegetables, grain static fresh-keeping device, these devices have been set forth the generation mechanism of high voltage electric field from principle, but in fact realize or form high voltage electric field needing many conditions, otherwise can form bigger Leakage Current, it is too high to can not form high pressure or power consumption.
But because the particularity of high voltage electric field can be brought different effects, in all devices when article not of the same race are handled, handle some fruits, be during vegetables in freezer, and general humidity ratio is bigger in the freezer, so leakage current is the index of a key.If leakage current is big, so not only can not form high pressure, and can cause a large amount of power consumptions.
Summary of the invention
The present invention for solve exist in the prior art to handle the tomato time with the steady high-voltage electrostatic field long, complicated operation and problem such as leakage current is big when adding high pressure and a kind of method with high-voltage alternating electric field processing tomato is provided.
The present invention is realized by following technical scheme, a kind of method of utilizing high-voltage alternating electric field to handle tomato, and it is that 40kHz, field intensity amplitude are under the high-voltage alternating electric field environment of 200kV/m that tomato is placed frequency, disposable processing is 2 hours before storage.
The device that the present invention uses comprises the framework that a safety glass is made, and parallelly on the framework is provided with some parallel metal sheets, and metallic plate is connected with high pressure generator.
Investigate the ripe old and feeble index of tomato and mainly contain hardness, color and luster, rotten index; The application is evaluated as according to filtering out with these and delays the ripe old and feeble effective electric field of tomato.
Below be two kinds of electric fields, (tomato is held on the energising bottom crown that can produce action of alternative electric field alternating electric field, with ground connection top crown spacing also be 15cm, thereby when feeding 30kV alternation high pressure, can produce-200kV/m～alternating electric field of 200kV/m fluctuation) be-200～200kv/m, 40kHZ, handle once every day, belong to the batch process form, (tomato is held on the energising bottom crown that can produce the steady electric field effect in the high-voltage electrostatic field, with ground connection top crown spacing be 15cm, thereby when feeding the 30kV high pressure, can produce the negative high voltage steady electrostatic field of 200kV/m) 200kv/m, the steady electric field batch process form of handling every day is once handled respectively to tamato fruit firmness change influence (Fig. 1), change color influence (Fig. 2), index (Fig. 3) variable effect contrast figure rots
Therefrom as can be seen, in processing time and the immovable situation of frequency, steady electric field is changed into alternating electric field can not effectively delay the ripe and old and feeble of tomato.
Below be the influences of two kinds of electric fields (alternating electric field is-200～200kv/m, and 40KHZ only handles once (preliminary treatment) steady electric field, and 200kv/m only handles once (preliminary treatment)) to tamato fruit firmness change, change color, the index variation of rotting,
As shown in Figure 4, a preliminary treatment of same electric field does not discover that to the influence of duration of storage tamato fruit firmness change tomato is at duration of storage, and the hardness of fruit constantly descends.A preliminary treatment of alternating electric field has significantly delayed the decline (P＜0.05) of duration of storage tamato fruit hardness.And the steady electric field treatment effect is not obvious.
As shown in Figure 5, a preliminary treatment of same electric field is not to the influence of duration of storage tomato color and luster variation, and tomato color in storage is red by green commentaries on classics gradually.The once pretreated tamato fruit of alternating electric field changes the fruit (P＜0.05) after red index significantly is lower than contrast fruit and high-voltage electrostatic field processing.
As shown in Figure 6, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the rotten index of duration of storage tomato, tomato is after above-mentioned preliminary treatment, put into again under 13 ℃ of environment storage during one month fruit do not have any rotting, changing room temperature storage observation then over to finds, a preliminary treatment of alternating electric field has also significantly reduced rotting of tamato fruit, steady electric field handle fruit then with the no significant difference of contrast.
In our research, the mode of a preliminary treatment 2h of alternating electric field of-200kV/m～200kV/m fluctuation obviously slowed down adopt that back tomato color changes red, hardness descends and storage in the rot rising of index, but a preliminary treatment of 200kV/m negative high voltage steady electric field not to adopt back tomato color and luster, hardness produces appreciable impact.
Below be that two kinds of electric fields continue to handle (alternating electric field ,-200kv/m～200kv/m, 40KHZ, fruit is in this electric field always in the whole process of storage, steady electric field, 200kv/m, fruit is in this electric field always in the whole process of storage) to the influence of tomato storage
As shown in Figure 7, same electric field does not continue to handle the influence to duration of storage tamato fruit firmness change, and tomato is at duration of storage, and the hardness of fruit constantly descends.And alternating electric field and steady electric field are handled the decline that has all significantly promoted duration of storage tamato fruit hardness.Relatively, action of alternative electric field is more remarkable between the fruit that alternating electric field and steady electric field are handled.
As schematically shown in Figure 8, different high voltage electric fields continue to handle the influence that duration of storage tomato color and luster is changed, the tamato fruit of long term exposure under high voltage electric field, be different from utilizing intermittent electric field and a preliminary treatment electric field effect, do not delayed the red of tamato fruit by green commentaries on classics, compared with the control, but promoted the transformation of color
As shown in Figure 9, different high voltage electric fields continue to be handled the rot influence of index of duration of storage tomato, the rotten index that different high voltage electric fields continue to handle tamato fruit compared with the control, no significant difference.
Result of study shows, continues the high voltage electric field processing and can promote the decline of tamato fruit hardness and the transformation of color and luster effectively.Should be noted that for this reason and utilizing high voltage electric field to handle tomato when prolonging the storage period experiment, it is improper to select as parameter, and the aging trend of the tomato of acceleration is arranged on the contrary, produces the opposite effect.
Show by above experimental result: through two kinds of high voltage electric field (200kv/m, handle every day 2 hours steady electric field and-200kV/m～200kV/m, 40kHz alternating electric field single treatment 2 hours) handle the rotten index (P＜0.05) can significantly alleviate tamato fruit; Processing can not only make the normal after-ripening of storage tomato, and can influence tomato storage after-ripening quality.
The high voltage electric field treatment conditions that tomato storage is produced appreciable impact be 200kV/m field intensity, 2h/d negative high voltage electrostatic field at intermittence (unified for ease of the follow-up study saying, that this processing mode is called for short steady electric field) and-fluctuate field intensity, frequency of 200kV/m～200kV/m is the alternating electric field preliminary treatment 2h (abbreviation alternating electric field) of 40kHz.This experiment adopts two kinds of different high voltage electric fields to handle tamato fruit, and the research high voltage electric field is to the influence of tamato fruit storage quality and post-harvest physiology effect, to estimate the application prospect of high voltage electric field after tomato is adopted.
As schematically shown in Figure 10, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the rotten index variation of tamato fruit
During 13 ℃ of storages of thermophilic 30d, the tomato of various different disposal conditions not generation is rotted, change over to just to begin to have putrefactive phenomenon to occur after normal temperature environment is placed, and the rotten index reached 5.8% of contrast behind the 15d, and at this moment the high voltage electric field processed group does not still have rotten; Behind the 30d, contrast is rotted index up to 25.1%, and steady electric field and alternating electric field level when handling the fruit rot situation and being equivalent to contrast 15d, its numerical value is respectively 3.8% and 5.1%, significantly is lower than contrast fruit (P＜0.05).
As schematically shown in Figure 11, different high voltage electric fields processing are one of important indicators of weighing the fruit maturation situation to the hardness of fruit that influences of tamato fruit firmness change.Can find out obviously that from Figure 11 total trend is that tomato hardness descends gradually in storage.Storage tomato in early stage begins to enter the after-ripening stage, and hardness descends comparatively rapid, and late hardness changes mild relatively.The decline of the contrast hardness of fruit is divided into tangible 2 stages, and (1～10d) descends comparatively fast, and the later stage, (after the 10d) tended towards stability in earlier stage.And two kinds of high voltage electric fields are handled the decline that all can alleviate the hardness of fruit, compared with the control, have significantly improved the hardness of fruit (P＜0.05) in the storage.High voltage electric field is handled for early stage and late hardness decline good inhibitory effect being arranged all.10d before storage, when especially preserving 5d, the steady electric field effect is handled more obvious than alternating electric field; And begin at storage later stage 15d, two kinds of electric field treatment difference on effect are little.
As shown in figure 12, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the tamato fruit color transition
The transformation of pericarp color and luster is the most tangible physiological characteristic in the tomato maturation, two kinds of high voltage electric fields are handled the variation that has all significantly suppressed fruit color, the fruit that shows as two kinds of electric field treatment changes red index and all significantly is lower than contrast (P＜0.05), for example, during storage 15d, it is 62.8% that red index is changeed in contrast, and it then is 39.2% and 43.5% that steady electric field and alternating electric field are handled fruit, only is 62.4% and 69.3% of contrast fruit index.As shown in figure 13, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the tamato fruit soluble sugar content
Soluble sugar and titratable acid content and taste of fruit are closely related.Different electric field treatment tomatoes and untreated contrast tomato are adopted the back soluble sugar content and change as shown in figure 13.Its rule presents the back of rising and descends gradually in stable trend.(green ripe stage) contrast tomato soluble sugar content of gathering the initial stage is 3.00%, 5d reaches maximum 3.82% after adopting, descend rapidly then, and it is slack-off to handle the accumulation of tomato soluble sugar, just reach maximum 4.11% and 3.86% respectively to 10d, begin subsequently to reduce, adopt back 20d and drop to 2.11% and 2.00%, drop to 1.95% and 1.88% behind the 25d, be tending towards slow.
As shown in figure 14, the influence contrast tamato fruit titratable acid content that different high voltage electric fields are handled tamato fruit titratable acid content constantly increases in the back of gathering, and to reach maximum be 0.53% adopting back 15d, then descends, and 20d reduces to 0.41% after adopt; And steady electric field is handled tamato fruit titratable acid content continue accumulation in the postharvest storage process, and adopting before the back 15d increases slowlyer, significantly increases behind the 15d, rises to 0.50% to 20d.Alternating electric field is handled and has also been delayed the variation of fruit acid content, and has significantly lowered the peak (P＜0.05) of titratable acid content.
The result that contrast steady electric field and alternating electric field are handled can find, alternating electric field delays the effect that the tomato titratable acid changes and shows the storage middle and later periods, (as storing back 5d) and the no significant difference of contrast in earlier stage, and steady electric field all showed obviously in the whole storage phase.
Different as shown in figure 15 high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the tamato fruit chlorophyll content
High voltage electric field is handled tomato and is adopted back chlorophyll content variation with the contrast tamato fruit, contrast fruit 5d before adopting the back sharply descends, suppression ratio is slower and steady high voltage electric field processing fruit is adopted afterwards, 5d content was roughly suitable after its chlorophyll content of adopting back 15d was adopted with the contrast fruit, to adopting back 20d, its chlorophyll content is 1.5mg/kgFW, and comparison exceeds 2 times according to fruit.Alternating electric field is handled the fruit chlorophyll content and also is significantly higher than contrast, and (storage back 5d) significantly is lower than the steady electric field (P＜0.05) except that the storage initial stage, do not have significant difference during other between the electric field treatment.
Contact front fruit changes red index variation rule, can find that the high voltage electric field processing has suppressed the commentaries on classics red stainization of fruit appearance color, and the inner chlorophyll of fruit is significantly higher than contrast, and the performance rule is consistent.
As schematically shown in Figure 16, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence to the tamato fruit content of lycopene
Tomato duration of storage pericarp content of lycopene is ascendant trend gradually.Handle through high voltage electric field and significantly to have delayed the rising of duration of storage tomato peel content of lycopene, as to adopt the content of lycopene of back 10,15,20d steady electric field handling fruit only be respectively 80.1%, 80.6%, 83.6% of contrast fruit.Relatively, before the storage 15d, its content of lycopene of fruit that alternating electric field is handled was significantly higher than steady electric field between steady electric field and alternating electric field were handled, and did not have significant difference (Figure 16) between storage later stage (storage back 20d, the 25d) electric field treatment.Contact front fruit changes red index variation rule, can find that the high voltage electric field processing has suppressed the commentaries on classics red stainization of fruit appearance color, and the inner content of lycopene of fruit significantly is lower than contrast, and the performance rule is consistent.
As schematically shown in Figure 17, high voltage electric field is handled the influence that the tamato fruit respiratory intensity is changed
Tomato is typical climacteric type fruit, and in storage, respiratory intensity rises earlier and afterwards descends.Contrast fruit 6d after storage has reached respiratory climacteric, and steady electric field is handled tomato, 15d breathes and is lower than contrast always before the storage back, the appearance of respiratory climacteric is consistent with contrast, also peak during 6d, but its peak value is markedly inferior to contrast (P＜0.05), alternating electric field is handled the appearance (3d) that has delayed climacteric, the value of peaking the just during 9d of storage back, but fail to reduce the respiratory climacteric value.In the storage later stage, different high voltage electric fields are handled respiration of fruits and also are higher than contrast, and this is that high voltage electric field is handled the performance that tomato still keeps better fresh vigor, handles to have prolonged storage period.
As shown in figure 18, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence that the tamato fruit acetate releasing quantity is changed
The fruit ethene that different high voltage electric fields are handled discharge the peak contrast delayed the 3d appearance, two kinds of high voltage electric fields occur discharging the peak when handling all after storage 12d, and have reduced the release peak value, the burst size during its peak only is 90.2% and 84.7% of contrast.During except that the peak, the fruit ethene that the duration of storage high voltage electric field is handled discharges and all significantly is lower than contrast (P＜0.05).Relatively, acetate releasing quantity that 12d before the storage, alternating electric field handle fruit all is higher than steady, and 3d, 6d reach the level of signifiance (P＜0.05) after storage, but does not have significant difference between the two after preserving 12d between two kinds of electric field treatment.
As schematically shown in Figure 19, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence that tamato fruit membrane permeability rate is changed, and relative conductivity also is one of softening important indicator of reflection fruit maturation as the leading indicator of weighing cell leakage.Tomato is in storage, and cell leakage constantly increases, and contrast increases the fastest with 5-10d, high voltage electric field is handled with the 10-15d increase the fastest, after this tends towards stability, from whole duration of storage, storage back 5d, the tamato fruit relative conductivity value that different high voltage electric fields are handled is significantly higher than contrast.Finish as seen until storage behind the 5d, the fruit that different high voltage electric fields are handled all is lower than contrast (P＜0.05) significantly, this shows that different high voltage electric fields processing can suppress the variation of membrane permeability preferably.
As schematically shown in Figure 20, different high voltage electric fields are handled the influence that the tamato fruit mda content is changed, and in the tomato postharvest storage process, MDA content constantly rises, and descend rapidly again after reaching certain value, and storage later stage MDA descends comparatively mild.The tomato that high voltage electric field is handled removes when reaching the 15d of peak value, is higher than outside the contrast, and its content all significantly is lower than contrast fruit (P＜0.05).
Suitable high voltage electric field under the temperature control environment is handled, make being housed in of tomato not add under the situation of any chemical substance, storage obtains appearance luster preferably, has kept the index of quality such as hardness, saccharic acid content of fruit effectively, has realized the raising of storage quality with the method for pure physics.
As shown in figure 21, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to tomato hepatocuprein activity, and hepatocuprein (SOD) is an antioxidase important in the plant.In storage in earlier stage, alternating electric field is handled and has been induced fruit SOD activity, the fruit of this processing is when storage 3d, the SOD activity is significantly higher than the fruit (P＜0.05) of contrast and steady electric field processing, it then is the appearance (3d) of having postponed fruit enzymatic activity peak that steady electric field is handled, without the contrast tomato of any high electric field treatment in whole storage, the SOD activity presents the back downward trend that rises earlier, the enzymatic activity peak appears when storage 9d, consistent with ethene peak value time of occurrence, this may be because in the tomato storage, fruit is after storage back 6d produces the breathing peak value, begin to quicken aging, produce many active oxygen radicals, the cause that has stimulated fruit SOD activity to raise rapidly.And the alternating electric field processing has also delayed the active rising of SOD, has still kept higher SOD activity in the storage middle and later periods, and when storage 15d, 18d, 21d, the enzymatic activity of processing fruit is significantly higher than contrast (P＜0.05).
As shown in figure 22, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to the tomato catalase activity, the variation of the contrast tomato CAT activity of handling without any high voltage electric field descends in storage gradually, this handles to the tomato after-ripening that the Changing Pattern of observation is consistent in the physiological influence research with the weekly assembly tinkling of pieces of jade etc. adopting back GA3, handles and observes the CAT activity in the influence research to active oxygen metabolism in that to adopt the back phase in early stage in rising trend different and adopt the back nitric oxide with Zhang Shaoying etc. at tamato fruit.Meaningfully different high voltage electric fields are handled the variation that makes fruit CAT activity and are not only descended early stage in storage, also rise to some extent, illustrate that high voltage electric field induced tomato CAT activity.The effect of different high voltage electric fields also is embodied in subsequently the storage and delays its active decline, and compares, and the fruit CAT activity that different high voltage electric fields are handled all is significantly higher than contrast fruit (P＜0.05).Two kinds of electric field treatment are relatively preserved preceding 12d, and the enzymatic activity that alternating electric field is handled is significantly higher than steady electric field and handles fruit, and behind the storage 12d, does not have significant difference between the two.
As shown in figure 23, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to the tomato peroxidase activity, and the variation of tomato POD enzymatic activity presents first the rising and afterwards descends.Different high voltage electric fields are handled the POD enzyme activity change, have any different early stage in storage, during storage 3d, the effect of alternating electric field has caused the active rising of POD, steady electric field has then caused the active decline of POD, illustrates that different high voltage electric fields are not identical to the influence of tomato biochemical reaction.But different high voltage electric fields are handled and have all been delayed the time that the active peak of POD occurs, and can find also that from figure in the storage middle and later periods, the fruit POD activity that high voltage electric field is handled all significantly is lower than contrast (P＜0.05).
As shown in figure 24, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to the tomato polyphenol oxidase activity, and tamato fruit is in storage, and polyphenol oxides enzyme (PPO) is active in rising trend.High electric field treatment has obviously delayed the active rising of PPO in the fruit, preserves 9d, and steady and alternating electric field are handled fruit PPO activity and compared respectively according to fruit low 89.2% and 70.1%; Alternating electric field has been handled then at storage 3d pre-induction the rising of PPO activity, when storage 3d, and its PPO specific activity contrast and steady electric field processing fruit high 53.7% and 76.4%.Two kinds of electric field treatment compare, and before the storage 9d, alternating electric field is handled and is significantly higher than the fruit (P＜0.05) that steady electric field is handled, and is then just in time opposite behind the storage 9d, and the steady electric field processing is significantly higher than the fruit (P＜0.05) that alternating electric field is handled.
As shown in figure 25, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to tomato ascorbic acid peroxidase activity
Tamato fruit is active in rising trend at storage mesocarp ascorbic acid peroxidase (APX).In 13 ℃ of storages, alternating electric field and steady electric field are handled the rising of all having induced tomato peel APX activity.During storage 3d, alternating electric field and external source steady electric field are handled tomato peel APX specific activity contrast fruit high 150.9% and 121.2%.By contrast, alternating electric field is better than the steady electric field processing to the inducing action of pericarp APX activity.
Can find out that from Figure 26 result high voltage electric field is handled the influence to the tomato glutathione reductase activity, tamato fruit fruit pericarp glutathione reductase activity in whole storage constantly raises.High voltage electric field is handled and has significantly been suppressed fruit pericarp glutathione reductase activity (P＜0.05).When 13 ℃ of storage 3d and 18d, alternating electric field is handled the comparison of fruit pericarp glutathione reductase activity and is hanged down 28.1% and 7.5% respectively according to fruit.Two kinds of electric field treatment compare, and before storage 15d, the alternating electric field inhibitory action is significantly higher than steady electric field and handles, and after this, both do not have significant difference.
As schematically shown in Figure 27, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to the tomato ascorbic acid content, and ascorbic acid (AsA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) have played great role as two kinds of crucial polyphenoils in the plant in removing the active oxygen accumulation.As shown in Figure 27, in 13 ℃ of storage 21d processes, steady electric field is handled and has obviously been improved pericarp AsA content, and when for example preserving 6d and 15d, the processed group comparison is according to fruit AsA content high 16.2% and 20.5%; And the AsA content that alternating electric field is handled is compared with the control, no significant difference, but delayed the appearance (3d) of fruit AsA content peak value.
As shown in Figure 28, high voltage electric field is handled the influence to tomato reductive glutathione content, similar to the variation of tomato peel AsA content, in 13 ℃ of storage 21d processes, steady electric field is handled and has also been significantly improved pericarp GSH content, when for example preserving 6d and 15d, the processed group comparison is according to fruit GSH content high 19.2% and 10.1%; And the AsA content that alternating electric field is handled, except that base point (6d and 12d), with the no significant difference of contrast, though the not appearance of delayed fruit GSH content peak value has improved peak height.
As shown in figure 29, high voltage electric field is handled tamato fruit superoxide anion (O
2 -) influence that produces speed, superoxide anion (O
2 -) be important active oxygen radical, participated in the regulation and control of fruit senescence process.High voltage electric field is handled and has significantly been suppressed tamato fruit O
2 -Increase, at the storage initial stage, high voltage electric field is handled fruit O
2 -Content just has been starkly lower than contrast.When storage 3d, steady electric field and alternating electric field are handled fruit O
2 -Content is compared respectively according to having reduced by 14.3% and 22.3%, and when storage 18d, steady electric field and alternating electric field are handled comparison respectively according to having reduced by 15.9% and 14.5%.All in all, make tamato fruit superoxide anion (O by the high voltage electric field processing
2 -) produce the low and stable relatively level that maintains.
Show that as Figure 30 high voltage electric field is handled tamato fruit hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) influence of content, in storage, tamato fruit hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) content presents the back downward trend that rises earlier, and the appearance on peak is arranged.Duration of storage, contrast fruit hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) content raises rapidly, and when 9d, peak, descend then.Yet high voltage electric field is handled fruit hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) remain lower level in the whole storage of content.After the fruit high voltage electric field is handled, hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) content also raises rapidly and also peak when storage 9d.Show that from the result alternating electric field and steady electric field are handled and all suppressed tamato fruit hydrogen peroxide (H
2O
2) content, storage early stage and mid-term the alternating electric field treatment effect greater, but behind 18d, do not have significant difference between the two.
In sum, the present invention has following beneficial effect and characteristics:
1, with safety glass is the parallel-plate electric field generation device that timbering material makes up, relative humidity up to 80%～95% storage environment in, can stably add required high voltage, make between parallel plate electrode leakage current all the time less than 1mA, and can make it more than continual and steady work 30d, do not cut off the power supply, can guarantee carrying out smoothly of multiple high voltage electric field processing fruits and vegetables experimental study.
The field intensity 2.-200kV/m～200kV/m fluctuates, frequency are the preliminary treatment of high-voltage alternating electric field of 40kHz, 2h, and color that can delayed fruit is changeed maturations such as red and hardness deliquescing.
3. the rising of the decline delayed the hardness of fruit, soluble sugar content and pericarp chlorophyll content and titratable acid, content of lycopene is handled in a preliminary treatment of alternating electric field; Compare with the contrast fruit, alternating electric field has delayed the appearance of climacteric, and makes fruit ethene discharge peak delay appearance, and has lowered its burst size, to the result of fruit regulation and control, the rising that has suppressed fruit cell relative conductivity and mda content is handled in the alternating electric field field.
4, alternating electric field is handled the research to the influence of storage tamato fruit active oxygen metabolism, and the result shows: electric field treatment has delayed the time that the active peak of fruit POD occurs; Suppressed fruit pericarp glutathione reductase activity (P＜0.05); Induced the rising of tomato peel APX activity.Alternating electric field is handled and has been induced fruit storage SOD in early stage and CAT enzymatic activity, has kept reactive oxygen species (H lower in the tamato fruit body
2O
2And O
2 -).
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be two kinds not the same electric field batch process to the comparison diagram that influences of tomato firmness change
Fig. 2 be two kinds not the same electric field batch process tomato is changeed the comparison diagram that influences of red index variation
Fig. 3 be two kinds not the same electric field batch process to the rot comparison diagram that influences of index variation of tomato
Fig. 4 be two kinds not a preliminary treatment of same electric field to the comparison diagram that influences of the variation of tamato fruit hardness
Fig. 5 be two kinds not the once pretreated tamato fruit change in color of same electric field influence comparison diagram
Fig. 6 is two kinds of not rot comparison diagrams that influence of index variation of the tamato fruit of the disposable processing of same electric field
Fig. 7 is the variable effect comparison diagram that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields continue the tamato fruit hardness of processing
Fig. 8 is that the tamato fruit change in color that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields continue to handle influences comparison diagram
Fig. 9 is that the rotten index variation of tamato fruit that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields continue to handle influences comparison diagram
Figure 10 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the rotten index variation of tamato fruit
Figure 11 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit firmness change
Figure 12 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit color transition
Figure 13 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit soluble sugar content
Figure 14 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to tamato fruit titratable acid content
Figure 15 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit chlorophyll content
Figure 16 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit content of lycopene
Figure 17 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the variation of tamato fruit respiratory intensity
Figure 18 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the variation of tamato fruit acetate releasing quantity
Figure 19 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the variation of tamato fruit membrane permeability rate
Figure 20 is that two kinds of high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the variation of tamato fruit mda content
Figure 21 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit superoxide dismutase activity
Figure 22 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit catalase activity
Figure 23 is that two kinds of high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit peroxidase activity
Figure 24 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit polyphenol oxidase activity
Figure 25 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to tamato fruit ascorbate peroxidase enzymatic activity
Figure 26 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit glutathione reductase activity
Figure 27 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit ascorbic acid content
Figure 28 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to tamato fruit reductive glutathione content
Figure 29 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences that the tamato fruit superoxide anion is produced speed
Figure 30 is that two kinds of different high voltage electric fields are handled the comparison diagram that influences to the tamato fruit content of hydrogen peroxide
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: a kind of method with high-voltage alternating electric field processing tomato, and it is that 40kHz, field intensity amplitude are under the high-voltage alternating electric field environment of 200kv/m that tomato is placed frequency, disposable processing is 2 hours before storage.
The device that the present invention uses comprises the framework that a safety glass is made, and parallelly on the framework is provided with some parallel metal sheets, and metallic plate is connected with high pressure generator.
Experimental result is (table 1,2,3) as can be seen, along with alive increase, leakage current also obviously becomes big between pole plate, as relative humidity is 80% o'clock, safety glass is under 10kV, 20kV, the effect of 30kV voltage, its leakage current is respectively 0.01mA, 0.08mA, 0.15mA, and other material also is same Changing Pattern; No matter be the parallel-plate electric field which kind of material makes up, all along with the increasing of humidity in the environment, Leakage Current also increases, as safety glass under same 20kV effect, humidity is 40%, 80%, 95% o'clock, its leakage current is respectively 0.00mA, 0.08mA, 0.28mA, compare and to find for several materials of examination, with the Leakage Current is evaluation index, general polyurethane foam＜safety glass＜common brick＜timber for realizing the stable high voltage electric field effect for the treatment of apparatus, can preferentially select for use materials such as polyurethane foam and safety glass to make up, consider that device will have enough solid and operation possibilities, our experimental provision has been selected the safety glass material.
The parallel-plate electric field generation high voltage electric field test leakage current values that table 1 unlike material makes up
| Material | 10kV | Voltage 20kV | 30kV |
| Timber common brick safety glass polyurethane foam | 0.12 0.10 0.00 0.00 | 0.18 0.16 0.00 0.00 | 0.22 0.21 0.00 0.00 |
Annotate: RH=40% unit: mA
The parallel-plate electric field generation high voltage electric field test leakage current values that table 2 unlike material makes up
| Material | 10kV | Voltage 20kV | 30kV |
| The timber common brick | 0.66 0.58 | 0.88 0.76 | 0.97 0.93 |
[0100]
| The safety glass polyurethane foam | 0.01 0.00 | 0.08 0.00 | 0.15 0.03 |
Annotate: RH=80% unit: mA
The parallel-plate electric field generation high voltage electric field test leakage current values that table 3 unlike material makes up
| Material | 10kV | Voltage 20kV | 30kV |
| Timber common brick safety glass polyurethane foam | - - 0.15 0.03 | - - 0.28 0.11 | - - 0.35 0.22 |
Annotate: RH=95% unit: mA;---the expression leakage current surpasses load current value, and high pressure can add
Claims (2)
1. handle the method for tomato with high-voltage alternating electric field for one kind, it is characterized in that: under the tomato high-voltage alternating electric field environment that to place frequency be 40kHz, field intensity for-200kv/m～200kv/m, disposable processing is 2 hours before storage.
2. according to claim 1ly handle the method for tomato with high-voltage alternating electric field, it is characterized in that: the device of use comprises the framework that a safety glass is made, and parallelly on the framework is provided with some parallel metal sheets, and metallic plate is connected with high pressure generator.
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| CN 200810054536 CN101223907B (en) | 2008-02-03 | 2008-02-03 | Method for treating tomato utilizing high pressure alternation electric field |
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| CN 200810054536 CN101223907B (en) | 2008-02-03 | 2008-02-03 | Method for treating tomato utilizing high pressure alternation electric field |
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Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1849943A (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2006-10-25 | 殷涌光 | Method of sterilizing and enzyme-eliminating for fluid food |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1849943A (en) * | 2006-05-30 | 2006-10-25 | 殷涌光 | Method of sterilizing and enzyme-eliminating for fluid food |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 张全国等.高压静电场预处理技术对番茄保鲜的影响.华中农业大学学报21 6.2002,21(6),558-562. |
| 张全国等.高压静电场预处理技术对番茄保鲜的影响.华中农业大学学报21 6.2002,21(6),558-562. * |
| 方胜等.静电场对番茄保鲜过程的影响.食品科学18 1.1997,18(1),5-9. |
| 方胜等.静电场对番茄保鲜过程的影响.食品科学18 1.1997,18(1),5-9. * |
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