CN101222154A - Rotation structure of permanent magnet motor - Google Patents
Rotation structure of permanent magnet motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101222154A CN101222154A CNA2007100037364A CN200710003736A CN101222154A CN 101222154 A CN101222154 A CN 101222154A CN A2007100037364 A CNA2007100037364 A CN A2007100037364A CN 200710003736 A CN200710003736 A CN 200710003736A CN 101222154 A CN101222154 A CN 101222154A
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Abstract
The invention provides a rotational structure for a permanent-magnet machine. The surface of a stator has K-line rabbet parts and K-line rabbet parts are formed; the surface of a rotor has a plurality of pairs of permanent magnets with the number of P. Each permanent magnet has at least one groove on the circular arc surface in the circumferential direction for reducing the torque of a small tooth space, the angle position of each groove is chosen from n-angle positions: 180Mod((2P/K)i-P/f, 1), where i is equal to 1, 2,...n, wherein, n is equal to (2P) divided by M, m is the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod() is the remainder operator, f is the tooth space torque frequency. When the two ends of each permanent magnet in the circumferential direction comprise a symmetrical pair of grinding arc surfaces, the angle position of each groove is chosen from a plurality of n-angle positions: 180xMod((2P/K)i-P/f+ beta 0P/(180f), 1), where i is equal to 1, 2,...n, wherein, beta 0 is the phase difference of the tooth space torque waveform with a grinding arc surface and the tooth space torque waveform without a grinding arc surface when the grooves do not exist.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of rotational structure of magneto, particularly about a kind of brushless permanent magnet motor that is applied to, to reduce the rotational structure of its cogging torque (cogging torque).
Background technology
It is simple in structure, reliable that magneto has; Volume is little, in light weight; Loss is little, efficient is high; And advantages such as the shape and size of motor can change easily, thereby range of application is extremely wide, almost spread all over the aviation boat too, the every field of national defence, industrial or agricultural and daily life.
See also Fig. 1, it is the rotational structure sectional drawing of first kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor.In Fig. 1, be example with the permanent magnet motor of the ends of the earth six grooves, the rotational structure 801 of magneto is described.The rotational structure 801 of magneto is made up of a stator 30 and a rotor 40; Wherein, columniform stator 30 is fixed on magneto inside, produces a rotating magnetic field; Rotor 40 is an annular, around stator 30, and with stator 30 be coaxial, have a rotor field, the rotating magnetic field effect of rotor field and stator 30 rotatablely moves rotor 40 generations.
The stator 30 of rotational structure 801 comprises a stator iron core 1, a stator axis 2 and six windings 3; Wherein, stator core 1 is fixed on the stator axis 2, and constitute by permeability magnetic material, six projecting teeth portions 5 are extended in stator core 1, six projecting teeth portions 5 have formed six rule slot parts 4 and six rule notches 6, flow through drive current being wound with in six projecting teeth portions 5 in 3, six windings 3 of six windings, produce the rotating magnetic field of stator 30 according to this.
The rotor 40 of rotational structure 801 comprises a rotor yoke 7 and eight permanent magnets 8; Wherein, rotor yoke 7 is an annular, and eight permanent magnets 8 are evenly distributed on the inner surface of rotor yoke 7 with annular, and eight permanent magnets 8 are that the N utmost point, the S utmost point alternately change, and each permanent magnet 8 is a magnetic pole of permanent magnetic material formation.And rotor 40 rotates with respect to the stator axis 2 of stator 30, and forms an air gap 9 between permanent magnet 8 inner surfaces of projecting teeth portion 5 outer surfaces, rule notch 6 and the rotor 40 of stator 30.
In Fig. 1, feed enough electric currents in the winding 3, so that rotor 40 rotates as required.Because the interaction of permanent magnet 8 and stator 30 formed rule slot parts 4 and rule notch 6 produces cogging torque (cogging torque); And cogging torque is meant that the permanent magnet magnetic kinetic potential distributes with stator because the air-gap permeance that the existence of groove produces when being distributed in interaction, the torque ripple that causes.Therefore, according to this definition, suffered that moment is exactly cogging torque in the rotor rotation when not having drive current.
The problem that cogging torque causes is, will cause the output torque ripple of motor, influences the level and smooth rotation of motor, and produces velocity perturbation, noise and vibration.
Please continue to consult Fig. 2, it is the rotational structure sectional drawing of second kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor.In Fig. 2, be example with the permanent magnet motor of ten utmost points, 12 grooves, the rotational structure 802 of magneto is described, with Fig. 1 relatively, different at number of poles and groove number only, and identical symbology components identical.
Please continue to consult Fig. 3, it is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the third existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor.In Fig. 3, be example with the arc formula of the cutting permanent magnet motor of the ends of the earth six grooves, the rotational structure 803 of magneto is described, with Fig. 1 relatively, present embodiment is on basis embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, in conjunction with a pair of cambered surface 11 of cutting at permanent magnet 8 two ends, in order to reduce cogging torque.The definition of component symbol is identical with the definition among Fig. 1 in the present embodiment, only having different is that each permanent magnet 8 two ends has a pair of cambered surface 11 of cutting, should be symmetrical distribution with respect to each permanent magnet 8 radial centre lines to cutting cambered surface 11, and to permanent magnet 8 ends, the original thickness of permanent magnet 8 is gradually and reduces at circumferencial direction.
Please continue to consult Fig. 4, it is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the 4th kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor.In Fig. 4, be example with the arc formula of the cutting permanent magnet motor of ten utmost points, 12 grooves, the rotational structure 804 of magneto is described, with Fig. 3 relatively, only at number of poles, groove number and cut the difference of cambered surface 11, and identical symbology components identical.
Please continue to consult Fig. 5, it is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the 5th kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor.In Fig. 5, be example with the arc formula of the cutting permanent magnet motor of ten utmost points, 12 grooves, the rotational structure 805 of magneto is described, with Fig. 4 relatively, only less, and identical symbology components identical at the angular range of cutting cambered surface 11 correspondences.
Then, be example with the permanent magnet motor of the ends of the earth six grooves, a kind of rotational structure of existing internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor is described.The rotational structure of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor is made up of a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the stator of annular with the external structure of formation magneto, and produces a rotating magnetic field for fixing; Rotor is cylindrical, centered on by stator, and with stator be coaxial, have a rotor field, the rotating magnetic field effect of rotor field and stator produces rotor and rotatablely moves.
The stator of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor rotational structure comprises certain sub-iron hoop and six windings; Wherein, the stator iron hoop is an annular, be symmetrical in a shape central shaft, and be made of permeability magnetic material, the stator iron hoop is made of a stator yoke portion and six projecting teeth portions of periphery, six projecting teeth portions from stator yoke portion to the shape extension of central axis, and with respect to the shape central shaft is evenly to distribute, and six projecting teeth portions have formed six rule slot parts and six rule notches, are wound with six windings in six projecting teeth portions, flow through drive current in six windings, produce the rotating magnetic field of stator according to this.
The rotor of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor rotational structure comprises a rotor core and eight permanent magnets; Wherein, rotor core is cylindrical, and eight permanent magnets are evenly distributed on the surface of rotor core with respect to the shape central shaft, and eight permanent magnets are that the N utmost point, the S utmost point alternately change, and each permanent magnet is the magnetic pole that permanent magnetic material constitutes.And rotor rotates with respect to the shape central shaft, and forms an air gap between the permanent magnet outer surface of projecting teeth portion inner surface, rule notch and the rotor of stator.
The rotational structure of the existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor that above Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 introduced, and the rotational structure of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and the pairing existing internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor of Fig. 5 are though have the effect that reduces cogging torque; Yet its effect still can't satisfy needed effect.Therefore, how to improve the disappearance of above-mentioned existing means, for developing mainspring of the present invention.
Summary of the invention
Of the present invention first is contemplated that the rotational structure that proposes a kind of magneto, in order to reduce its cogging torque, rotational structure comprises a stator and a rotor, the surface of stator comprises K projecting teeth portion, and forming K rule slot part, the surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, counts proportioning 2P/K and half-shadow wave number several weeks proportioning P/f by the number of poles groove, proper angle position at each permanent-magnet pole arc surface is provided with groove, reaches the effect of the cogging torque that reduces magneto.
Of the present invention second is contemplated that the rotational structure that proposes a kind of magneto, in order to reduce its cogging torque, rotational structure comprises a stator and a rotor, the surface of stator comprises K projecting teeth portion, and K rule slot part of formation, the surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, the two ends of each permanent-magnet pole arc surface have the cambered surface of cutting, count proportioning 2P/K and half-shadow wave number several weeks proportioning P/f by the number of poles groove, proper angle position at each permanent-magnet pole arc surface is provided with groove, reaches the effect of the cogging torque that reduces magneto.
In first preferred embodiment that proposed of conception, a kind of rotational structure of magneto comprises a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the center of stator has a stator axis, and cylindrical surface has K projecting teeth portion, and above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion evenly distributes at circumferencial direction with respect to stator axis, forms K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; The annular inner surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, and above-mentioned P evenly distributes at the peripheral of above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion with respect to stator axis to permanent magnet, and rotor rotates with respect to stator axis, and P is a natural number.
And each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, and in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod () is remainder operation, and f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves.
In second preferred embodiment that proposed of conception, a kind of rotational structure of magneto comprises a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the center of stator has a stator axis, and cylindrical surface has K projecting teeth portion, and above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion evenly distributes at circumferencial direction with respect to stator axis, forms K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; The annular inner surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, and above-mentioned P evenly distributes at the peripheral of above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion with respect to stator axis to permanent magnet, and rotor rotates with respect to stator axis, and P is a natural number.In addition
Each permanent magnet also comprises a pair of cambered surface of cutting at the two ends of circumferencial direction, and this is symmetry to cutting cambered surface with respect to a radial centre lines of each this permanent magnet, and should be to cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pSelection is from interval α
Min-0.8 α
Ss≤ α
p≤ α
Min+ 0.8 α
Ss, wherein, α
Min=180 * min (Mod ((2P/K) i, 1), i=1,2 ..., n-1), α
SsBe the pairing electrical angle of one width of rebate of these rule slot parts, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, and Mod () is remainder operation, and min () is minimum operation.
And each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180 * Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f+ β 0P/ (180f), 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves, and β 0 is when not having these grooves, and tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface.
In first preferred embodiment that proposed of conception, a kind of rotational structure of magneto comprises a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the annular inner surface that is symmetrical in a shape central shaft in the stator has K projecting teeth portion, and above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion evenly distributes at circumferencial direction with respect to the shape central shaft, forms K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; The cylindrical surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, and above-mentioned P evenly distributes at the inboard of above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion with respect to the shape central shaft to permanent magnet, and rotor rotates with respect to the shape central shaft, and P is a natural number.
And each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, and in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod () is remainder operation, and f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves.
In second preferred embodiment that proposed of conception, a kind of rotational structure of magneto comprises a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the annular inner surface that is symmetrical in a shape central shaft in the stator has K projecting teeth portion, and above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion evenly distributes at circumferencial direction with respect to the shape central shaft, forms K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; The cylindrical surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet, and above-mentioned P evenly distributes at the inboard of above-mentioned K projecting teeth portion with respect to the shape central shaft to permanent magnet, and rotor rotates with respect to the shape central shaft, and P is a natural number.In addition
Each permanent magnet also comprises a pair of cambered surface of cutting at the two ends of circumferencial direction, and this is symmetry to cutting cambered surface with respect to a radial centre lines of each this permanent magnet, and should be to cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pSelection is from interval α
Min-0.8 α
Ss≤ α
p≤ α
Min+ 0.8 α
Ss, wherein, α
Min=180 * min (Mod ((2P/K) i, 1), i=1,2, ..., n-1), α ss is the pairing electrical angle of one width of rebate of these rule slot parts, n=M/ (2P), M is the least common multiple of 2P and K, and Mod () is remainder operation, and min () is minimum operation.
And each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180 * Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f+ β 0P/ (180f), 1), i=1,2, ..., n, wherein, f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves, β
0For when not having these grooves, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the rotational structure sectional drawing of first kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor;
Fig. 2 is the rotational structure sectional drawing of second kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor;
Fig. 3 is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the third existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor;
Fig. 4 is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the 4th kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor;
Fig. 5 is the rotational structure sectional drawing of the 5th kind of existing outer-rotor permanent magnet motor;
Fig. 6 is the sectional drawing of first preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention;
Fig. 7 is the sectional drawing of second preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention;
Fig. 8 is the sectional drawing of the 3rd preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention;
Fig. 9 is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and magneto shown in Figure 8 with mechanical angle;
Figure 10 is the sectional drawing of the 4th preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention;
Figure 11 is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and magneto shown in Figure 10 with mechanical angle;
Figure 12 is the sectional drawing of the 5th preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention;
Figure 13 is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and magneto shown in Figure 12 with mechanical angle;
Figure 14 is the first kind variation diagram of the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention with the width of rebate of groove;
Figure 15 is the second kind variation diagram of the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention with the width of rebate of groove; And
Figure 16 is the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention the third variation diagram with the width of rebate of groove.
Embodiment
In order to narrate the rotational structure of knowing magneto proposed by the invention and the method that reduces its cogging torque, enumerate a plurality of preferred embodiments below and be illustrated
Utilize the problem of symbol description cogging torque for convenience, below the rotational structure and the symbol of magneto combined.The rotational structure of magneto is made up of a stator 30 and a rotor 30; Wherein, the surface of stator 30 is distribution K projecting teeth portion 5 evenly, and form K rule slot part 5, and K is the natural number greater than 1; Evenly distribution P is to permanent magnet 8 on the surface of rotor 40, and P is a natural number, and wherein, the surface of the surface of stator 30 and rotor 40 faces one another across air gap 9.The least common multiple of definition 2P and K is M.When rotor 40 rotates with respect to stator 30, will produce cogging torque, the cycle f of definition cogging torque is that rotor 40 rotates the cogging torque circular wave number that a circle is produced, f equals the least common multiple M of 2P and K usually.In Fig. 1, P=4, K=6, M=24, the cycle f of cogging torque is 24 times.
In order to reduce the cogging torque of magneto, the scheme that is proposed is to count proportioning 2P/K and half-shadow wave number several weeks proportioning P/f according to the number of poles groove, on the arc surface of permanent magnet, select suitable position, the groove of suitable size is set, and like this, the cogging torque of magneto will reduce greatly.
So, the method that reduces the magneto cogging torque comprises the following steps:
(a) unnotched state on the arc surface of permanent magnet, the cycle of decision cogging torque.
(b) angle position of n electrical angle of calculating:
180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, and Mod () is remainder operation, in order to rem, f is a unnotched state on the arc surface of permanent magnet, the cycle of cogging torque, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets.
(c) select at least one position in these n angle position, each the selecteed position at each permanent magnet arc surface is provided with a groove.
In the above step, step (c) also comprises the following steps:
According to symmetry, distributing homogeneity and the convenience of groove is set, and meet the requirement of back electromotive force, select the position of these grooves.
Then, with embodiment above-mentioned method is described.See also Fig. 6, it is the sectional drawing of first preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention.The rotational structure 806 of the magneto of Fig. 6 is added the structure that reduces cogging torque based on the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 1, and it is the permanent magnet motor structure of the ends of the earth six grooves, but does not limit the use of in permanent magnet motor, and identical structure also can be applicable to permanent magnet generator.In Fig. 6, the rotational structure 806 of magneto is made up of a stator 30 and a rotor 40; Wherein, columniform stator 30 is fixed on magneto inside, produces a rotating magnetic field; Rotor 40 is an annular, around stator 30, and with stator 30 be coaxial, have a rotor field, the rotating magnetic field effect of rotor field and stator 30 rotatablely moves rotor 40 generations.
The stator 30 of rotational structure 806 comprises a stator iron core 1, a stator axis 2 and six windings 3; Wherein, stator core 1 is fixed on the stator axis 2, and constitute by permeability magnetic material, six projecting teeth portions 5 are extended in stator core 1, six projecting teeth portions 5 have formed six rule slot parts 4 and six rule notches 6, flow through drive current being wound with in six projecting teeth portions 5 in 3, six windings 3 of six windings, produce the rotating magnetic field of stator 30 according to this.
The rotor 40 of rotational structure 806 comprises a rotor yoke 7 and eight permanent magnets 8; Wherein, rotor yoke 7 is an annular, and eight permanent magnets 8 are evenly distributed on the inner surface of rotor yoke 7 with annular, and eight permanent magnets 8 are that the N utmost point, the S utmost point alternately change, and each permanent magnet 8 is a magnetic pole of permanent magnetic material formation.And rotor 40 rotates with respect to the stator axis 2 of stator 30, and forms an air gap 9 between permanent magnet 8 inner surfaces of projecting teeth portion 5 outer surfaces, rule notch 6 and the rotor 40 of stator 30.
In addition, each permanent magnet 8 comprises at least one groove 10 at the arc surface 12 of circumferencial direction, in order to reducing cogging torque, these grooves be shaped as circular arc or polygon.The structure of present embodiment is P=4, K=6, and M=24, f=24, as calculated as can be known, possible groove 10 angle positions are: 30o, 90o and 150o electrical angle.After considering symmetry and the convenience of groove is set, 90o arc surface 12 positions that present embodiment is chosen in each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction are provided with groove, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
Then be presented in the magneto of ten utmost points, 12 grooves, reduce the situation of its cogging torque.See also Fig. 7, it is the sectional drawing of second preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention.The rotational structure 807 of the magneto of Fig. 7 is added the structure that reduces cogging torque based on the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 2, among two figure, and identical symbology components identical.In Fig. 7, in order to reduce cogging torque, at least one groove 10 is set at the arc surface 12 of each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction.The structure of present embodiment is P=5, K=12, and M=60, f=60, as calculated as can be known, possible groove angle position is: 15 °, 45 °, 75 °, 105 °, 135 ° and 165 ° of electrical angles.After considering symmetry, distributing homogeneity and the convenience of groove be set, present embodiment is chosen in 45 ° of each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction and with 135 ° of arc surface 12 positions groove 10 is set, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
Then, be presented in the internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor of the ends of the earth six grooves, reduce the situation of its cogging torque.The rotational structure of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor is made up of a stator and a rotor; Wherein, the stator of annular with the external structure of formation magneto, and produces a rotating magnetic field for fixing; Rotor is cylindrical, centered on by stator, and with stator be coaxial, have a rotor field, the rotating magnetic field effect of rotor field and stator produces rotor and rotatablely moves.
The stator of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor rotational structure comprises certain sub-iron hoop and six windings; Wherein, the stator iron hoop is an annular, be symmetrical in a shape central shaft, and be made of permeability magnetic material, the stator iron hoop is made of a stator yoke portion and six projecting teeth portions of periphery, six projecting teeth portions from stator yoke portion to the shape extension of central axis, and with respect to the shape central shaft is evenly to distribute, and six projecting teeth portions have formed six rule slot parts and six rule notches, are wound with six windings in six projecting teeth portions, flow through drive current in six windings, produce the rotating magnetic field of stator according to this.
The rotor of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor rotational structure comprises a rotor core and eight permanent magnets; Wherein, rotor core is cylindrical, and eight permanent magnets are evenly distributed on the surface of rotor core with respect to the shape central shaft, and eight permanent magnets are that the N utmost point, the S utmost point alternately change, and each permanent magnet is the magnetic pole that permanent magnetic material constitutes.And rotor rotates with respect to the shape central shaft, and forms an air gap between the permanent magnet outer surface of projecting teeth portion inner surface, rule notch and the rotor of stator.
In addition, each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, in order to reducing cogging torque, these grooves be shaped as circular arc or polygon.The structure of present embodiment is P=4, K=6, and M=24, f=24, as calculated as can be known, possible groove angle position is: 30o, 90o and 150o electrical angle.After considering symmetry and the convenience of groove is set, the 90o arc surface position that present embodiment is chosen in each permanent magnet circumferencial direction is provided with groove, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets.
In the prior art, the pairing internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor of the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 and Fig. 3, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, form a pair of cambered surface 11 of cutting at the two ends of each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction, in order to reduce cogging torque, should be symmetrical distribution with respect to each permanent magnet 8 radial centre lines to cutting cambered surface 11, and to permanent magnet 8 ends, the original thickness of permanent magnet 8 is gradually and reduces at circumferencial direction.In order further to reduce the cogging torque of magneto, existing each permanent magnet 8 should be to the situation of cutting cambered surface 11 under, count proportioning 2P/K according to the number of poles groove, adjust this to cutting each pairing circumferencial direction angular range of cambered surface 11, and count proportioning 2P/K and half-shadow wave number several weeks proportioning P/f according to the number of poles groove, and on the arc surface 12 of permanent magnet, select suitable position, the groove of suitable size is set, like this, the cogging torque of magneto will reduce more greatly.
So, the method that reduces the magneto cogging torque comprises the following steps:
(p) there is not unnotched state on the cambered surface of cutting and its arc surface at permanent magnet, the cycle of decision cogging torque.
(q) at angular interval α
Min-0.8 α
Ss≤ α
p≤ α
Min+ 0.8 α
Ss, select this to cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface at the angle [alpha] p of circumferencial direction, wherein, α
Min=180 * min (Mod ((2P/K) i, 1), i=1,2 ..., n-1), α
SsOne width of rebate w for these rule slot parts 6
SsPairing electrical angle, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, and Mod is remainder operation, and in order to rem, min () is minimum operation, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
(r) when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8, the decision tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface 10 of cambered surface 10.
(s) cut the state of cambered surface 11 with tool, the cycle of decision cogging torque at permanent magnet 8 no grooves 10; Usually, this cycle is same as the state of cutting cambered surface 10 in nothing, the cycle of cogging torque.
(t) angle position of n electrical angle of calculating
180 * Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f+ β 0P/ (180f), 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod is remainder operation, and f is for cutting the state of cambered surface 11, the cycle of cogging torque, β at permanent magnet 8 no grooves 10 with tool
0For when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface 11 of cambered surface 11, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
(u) select at least one position in these n angle position, each the selecteed position at each permanent magnet arc surface is provided with a groove 10.
In the above step, step (u) also comprises the following steps:
According to symmetry, distributing homogeneity and the convenience of groove is set, and meet the requirement of back electromotive force, select the position of these grooves 10.
Then, with embodiment above-mentioned method is described.See also Fig. 8, it is the sectional drawing of the 3rd preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention.The rotational structure 808 of the magneto of Fig. 8 is added the structure that reduces cogging torque based on the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 3, among two figure, and identical symbology components identical.The structure of present embodiment is P=4, K=6, M=24, f=24; According to step (q), calculate and select the permanent magnet 8 should be cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface 11 in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pAnd decision in order to the structure that reduces cogging torque in, need use when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8 phase difference beta that the cogging torque waveform that tool is cut cambered surface 11 and nothing are cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface
0, this phase difference beta
0Data in be contained among Fig. 9.
See also Fig. 9, it is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and magneto shown in Figure 8 with mechanical angle.The magneto of Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 6 and Fig. 8 all is the ends of the earth six grooves.In Fig. 9, waveform A1 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 1, and by waveform A1 as can be seen, in four kinds of situations, when permanent magnet did not have groove and nothing and cuts cambered surface, magneto had maximum cogging torque.Waveform B 1 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 6, by waveform B 1 as can be seen, selects suitable position that groove is set on the arc surface of permanent magnet, can reduce the cogging torque of magneto.Waveform C1 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 3, by waveform C1 as can be seen, form the cambered surface of cutting of a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface of each permanent magnet, can reduce the cogging torque of magneto, and its effect is better than the situation that groove is set of Fig. 6.Waveform D1 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 8, by waveform D1 as can be seen, form the cambered surface of cutting of a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface of each permanent magnet, and on the arc surface of permanent magnet, select suitable position that groove is set, then the cogging torque of magneto is minimum, and the cycle of cogging torque is the twice of other three kinds of situations.In addition, relatively waveform A1 and waveform C1 obtain, and when permanent magnet did not have groove, tool was cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference beta of not having the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface
0It is 0 °.
Consult Fig. 8 again, and according to step (t); As calculated as can be known, possible groove 10 angle positions are: 30 °, 90 ° and 150 ° of electrical angles.After considering symmetry and the convenience of groove be set, 90 ° of arc surfaces 12 (present embodiment is replaced by groove 10) position that present embodiment is chosen in each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction is provided with groove 10, and the reference direction of angle is the borders of stator 30 centers to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
Please continue to consult Figure 10, it is the sectional drawing of the 4th preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention.The rotational structure 810 of the magneto of Figure 10 is added the structure that reduces cogging torque based on the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 4, among two figure, and identical symbology components identical.The structure of present embodiment is P=5, K=12, M=60, f=60; According to step (q), calculate and select the permanent magnet 8 should be cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface 11 in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pAnd decision in order to the structure that reduces cogging torque in, need use when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8 phase difference beta that the cogging torque waveform that tool is cut cambered surface 11 and nothing are cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11
0, this phase difference beta
0Data in be contained among Figure 11.
See also Figure 11, it is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and magneto shown in Figure 10 with mechanical angle.The magneto of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Figure 10 all is ten utmost points, 12 grooves.In Figure 11, waveform A2 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 2, and by waveform A2 as can be seen, in three kinds of situations, when permanent magnet 8 no grooves 10 and do not have when cutting cambered surface 11, magneto has maximum cogging torque.Waveform C2 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 4, and by waveform C2 as can be seen, what form a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface 12 of each permanent magnet 8 cuts cambered surface 11, can reduce the cogging torque of magneto.Waveform D2 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Figure 10, by waveform D2 as can be seen, what form a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface 12 of each permanent magnet 8 cuts cambered surface 11, and on the arc surface 12 of permanent magnet 8, select suitable position that groove 10 is set, then the cogging torque of magneto is minimum, and the cycle of cogging torque is the twice of other two kinds of situations.In addition, relatively waveform A2 obtains with waveform C2, and when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11 and the phase difference beta that nothing is cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11
0It is 180 °.
Consult Figure 10 again, and according to step (t); As calculated as can be known, possible groove angle position is: 30 °, 60 °, 90 °, 120 ° and 150 ° of electrical angles.After considering symmetry, distributing homogeneity and the convenience of groove be set, present embodiment is chosen in 60 ° of each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction and with 120 ° of arc surface 12 positions groove 10 is set, and the reference direction of angle is the borders of stator 30 centers to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
Please continue to consult Figure 12, it is the sectional drawing of the 5th preferred embodiment of the rotational structure of magneto proposed by the invention.The rotational structure 812 of the magneto of Figure 12 is added the structure that reduces cogging torque based on the outer-rotor permanent magnet motor of Fig. 5, among two figure, and identical symbology components identical.The structure of present embodiment is P=5, K=12, M=60, f=60; According to step (q), calculate and select the permanent magnet 8 should be cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface 11 in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
p, compare the selected α of present embodiment with Figure 10
pThe angle is less.And decision in order to the structure that reduces cogging torque in, need use when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8 phase difference beta that the cogging torque waveform that tool is cut cambered surface 11 and nothing are cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11
0, this phase difference beta
0Data in be contained among Figure 13; Because α
pThe angle is different with Figure 10, β
0The angle also can change.
See also Figure 13, it is the variation diagram of the cogging torque of Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and magneto shown in Figure 12 with mechanical angle.The magneto of Fig. 2, Fig. 5 and Figure 12 all is ten utmost points, 12 grooves.In Figure 13, waveform A2 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 2, and by waveform A2 as can be seen, in three kinds of situations, when permanent magnet does not have groove 10 and do not have when cutting cambered surface 11, magneto has maximum cogging torque.Waveform C3 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Fig. 5, and by waveform C3 as can be seen, what form a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface 12 of each permanent magnet 8 cuts cambered surface 11, can reduce the cogging torque of magneto.Waveform D3 is the cogging torque waveform of the magneto of Figure 12, by waveform D3 as can be seen, what form a pair of symmetry at the two ends of the arc surface 12 of each permanent magnet 8 cuts cambered surface 11, and on the arc surface 12 of permanent magnet 8, select suitable position that groove 10 is set, then the cogging torque of magneto is minimum, and the cycle of cogging torque is the twice of other two kinds of situations.In addition, relatively waveform A2 obtains with waveform C3, and when the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11 and the phase difference beta that nothing is cut the cogging torque waveform of cambered surface 11
0It is 0 °.
Consult Figure 12 again, and according to step (t); As calculated as can be known, possible groove 10 angle positions are: 15 °, 45 °, 75 °, 105 °, 135 ° and 165 ° of electrical angles.After considering symmetry, distributing homogeneity and the convenience of groove be set, present embodiment is chosen in 45 ° of each permanent magnet 8 circumferencial direction and with 135 ° of arc surface 12 positions groove 10 is set, and the reference direction of angle is the borders of stator 30 centers to adjacent two permanent magnets 8.
Then, illustrate that with embodiment said method is applied to the situation of internal rotor permanent-magnetic motor.The ends of the earth six groove internal rotor permanent-magnetic motors that the rotational structure of magneto is herein introduced based on prior art are added the structure of cutting cambered surface and reducing cogging torque of each permanent magnet two ends symmetry.The structure of present embodiment is P=4, K=6, M=24, f=24; According to step (q), calculate and select the permanent magnet should be cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pAnd in determining in order to the structure that reduces cogging torque, need use when permanent magnet does not have groove, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference beta of not having the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface
0, this phase difference beta
0It is 0 °.According to step (t); As calculated as can be known, possible groove angle position is: 30 °, 90 ° and 150 ° of electrical angles.After considering symmetry and the convenience of groove is set, 90 ° of arc surface positions that present embodiment is chosen in each permanent magnet circumferencial direction are provided with groove, and the reference direction of angle is the border of stator center to adjacent two permanent magnets.
Then consider the width of rebate w of groove 10
PsWith groove depth h
PsTo the influence of the cogging torque of magneto, in order to demonstrate width of rebate w
PsTo the influence of cogging torque, giving a definition one than number D=180Mod (2P/K, 1), and with graphical display cogging torque peak value with w
PsThe variation of/D.
See also Figure 14, it is the first kind variation diagram of the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention with the width of rebate of groove.In Figure 14, the width w of the rule notch 6 of the stator 30 of outer-rotor permanent magnet motor
SsPairing electrical angle α
SsBe 44o,, represent respectively at different groove depth h comprising four curves
PsGroove 10 time, the cogging torque peak value is with the width of rebate w of groove 10
PsThe variation diagram of/D.As shown in the figure, along with the width of rebate w of the groove 10 of permanent magnet 8
PsWidth increase, the peak value of cogging torque diminishes gradually.Width of rebate w when groove 10
PsDuring=0.73D, the peak value minimum of cogging torque.Width of rebate w when groove 10
PsBehind this numerical value of 0.73D, the peak value of cogging torque will be along with the width of rebate w of groove 10
PsIncrease and increase.Width of rebate w when groove 10
PsDuring=1.5D, the value the when peak value of cogging torque will be greater than the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8 that is to say that being provided with of groove 10 worsened cogging torque.Width of rebate w along with groove 10
PsFurther increase, when reaching about 2 times of D, the peak value size of cogging torque again can be once more value during less than the no groove 10 of permanent magnet 8.As can be seen from the figure, as the width of rebate w of groove 10
PsSatisfy 0.2D≤w
PsDuring≤1.1D, the peak value of cogging torque reduces apparent in viewly.
In Figure 14 also as can be seen, as the groove depth h of groove 10
PsDark more, then at w
PsIn＜1.5D the scope, the peak value of cogging torque also can be more little, and the dark more inhibition to cogging torque of groove depth hps of this explanation groove 10 is strong more.But the groove depth h of groove 10
PsCrossing deeply also can grow to the influence of back electromotive force in the winding 3, that is the size of back electromotive force and waveform all can be affected.So, the groove depth h of groove 10
PsNeed take all factors into consideration these factors and select an optimum value.
See also Figure 15, it is the second kind variation diagram of the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention with the width of rebate of groove.In Figure 15, the width w of the rule notch 6 of the stator 30 of outer-rotor permanent magnet motor
SsPairing electrical angle α
SsBe 20 °, and comprising two curves, represent respectively when not having the cambered surface 11 of cutting that the cogging torque peak value of no groove 10 and the cogging torque peak value of tool groove 10 are with the width of rebate w of groove 10 at the two ends of each permanent magnet 8 arc surface 12
PsThe variation diagram of/D.Variation tendency among the figure is similar to Figure 14, is not giving unnecessary details at this.
See also Figure 16, it is the cogging torque peak value of magneto proposed by the invention the third variation diagram with the width of rebate of groove.In Figure 16, the width w of the rule notch 6 of the stator 30 of outer-rotor permanent magnet motor
SsPairing electrical angle α
SsBe 44 °, and comprising two curves, represent respectively a pair of symmetry of two ends tool of each permanent magnet 8 arc surfaces 12 cut cambered surface 11 time, the cogging torque peak value of no groove 10 and the cogging torque peak value of tool groove 10 are with the width of rebate w of groove 10
PsThe variation diagram of/D.Variation tendency among the figure is similar to Figure 14, is not giving unnecessary details at this.
Relatively Figure 14, Figure 15 and Figure 16 as can be known, as the width w of the rule notch 6 of stator 30
SsPairing electrical angle α
SsHour, the cogging torque of magneto also can be less.
Characteristics of the present invention are a kind of rotational structure of magneto, and the surface of stator comprises K projecting teeth portion, and form K rule slot part, and the surface of rotor comprises P to permanent magnet.Each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, and in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod () is remainder operation, and f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves.When permanent magnet comprise at the two ends of circumferencial direction a pair of symmetry cut cambered surface the time, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180 * Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f+ β 0P/ (180f), 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, β
0For when not having these grooves, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface.
In sum, the rotational structure of magneto of the present invention and the method that reduces its cogging torque can reach the effect that the invention conception sets really.But above-described only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the personage of every skilled modifies or variation in the equivalence that the spirit according to the present invention is done, and all should be covered by in following the application's claim scope.
Claims (11)
1. the rotational structure of a magneto comprises:
One stator, center have a stator axis, and cylindrical surface has K projecting teeth portion, and these K projecting teeth portions evenly distribute at circumferencial direction with respect to this stator axis, form K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; And
One rotor, the annular inner surface comprises P to permanent magnet, and these P evenly distribute at the peripheral of these K projecting teeth portions with respect to this stator axis to permanent magnet, and this rotor rotates with respect to this stator axis, and P is a natural number, it is characterized in that:
Each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, and in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M are the least common multiple of 2P and K, Mod () is remainder operation, and f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves.
2. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
This stator also comprises a stator iron core, and this stator axis is fixed in this stator core, and this K projecting teeth portion is the extension of this stator core; And/or
This rotor also comprises a rotor yoke, and these P are fixed in this rotor yoke to permanent magnet.
3. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the width of rebate w of these grooves
PsSatisfy 0.2D≤w
Ps≤ 1.1D, wherein, D=180Mod (2P/K, 1).
4. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that the width of rebate w of these grooves
PsSatisfy w
Ps=0.73D.
5. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the width of rebate w of these grooves
PsAt w
PsDuring＜1.5D, and under size that does not influence structural strength and back electromotive force and waveform, the groove depth of these grooves is selected dark person.
6. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that this stator comprises six rule slot parts, this rotor comprises four pairs of permanent magnets, in the electrical angle options of 30 degree, 90 degree and 150 degree, select 90 degree, in these grooves is set in 90 degree arc surface positions of each permanent magnet according to this.
7. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that this stator comprises 12 rule slot parts, this rotor comprises five pairs of permanent magnets, in the electrical angle options of 15 degree, 45 degree, 75 degree, 105 degree, 135 degree and 165 degree, select 45 degree and 135 degree, two in these grooves are set in 45 degree of each permanent magnet and 135 degree arc surface positions according to this.
8. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1, what it is characterized in that these grooves is shaped as circular arc or polygon.
9. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that each permanent magnet has outside these grooves, also comprise a pair of cambered surface of cutting at the two ends of circumferencial direction, should be symmetry with respect to a radial centre lines of each this permanent magnet to cutting cambered surface, and should be to cutting each corresponding angular range in the cambered surface in the angle [alpha] of circumferencial direction
pSelection is from interval α
Min-0.8 α
Ss≤ α
p≤ α
Min+ 0.8 α
Ss, wherein, α
Min=180 * min (Mod ((2P/K) i, 1), i=1,2 ..., n-1), α ss is the pairing electrical angle of one width of rebate of these rule slot parts, min () is minimum operation, wherein:
The angle position of these grooves is for selecting from n angle position 180 * Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f+ β
0P/ (180f), 1), i=1,2 ..., n, wherein, β
0When not having these grooves, tool is cut the cogging torque waveform and the phase difference that does not have the cogging torque waveform of cutting cambered surface of cambered surface, and this stator comprises six rule slot parts, and this rotor comprises four pairs of permanent magnets, and each permanent magnet comprises a pair of cambered surface of cutting and β
0=0 degree is selected 90 degree in the electrical angle options of 30 degree, 90 degree and 150 degree, in these grooves is set in 90 degree arc surface positions of each permanent magnet according to this; Or
This stator comprises 12 rule slot parts, and this rotor comprises five pairs of permanent magnets, and each permanent magnet comprises a pair of cambered surface of cutting, and β
0=180 degree, in the electrical angle option of 30 degree, 60 degree, 90 degree, 120 degree and 150 degree, select 60 degree and 120 degree, in these grooves two are set in 60 degree of each permanent magnet and 120 degree arc surface positions according to this, and this stator comprises 12 rule slot parts, this rotor comprises five pairs of permanent magnets, and each permanent magnet comprises a pair of cambered surface of cutting, and β
0=180 degree in the electrical angle options of 15 degree, 45 degree, 75 degree, 105 degree, 135 degree and 165 degree, are selected 45 degree and 135 degree, and two in these grooves are set in 45 degree of each permanent magnet and 135 degree arc surface positions according to this.
10. the rotational structure of a magneto comprises:
One stator, its annular inner surface that is symmetrical in a shape central shaft has K projecting teeth portion, and these K projecting teeth portions evenly distribute at circumferencial direction with respect to this shape central shaft, form K rule slot part, and K is the natural number greater than 1; And
One rotor, cylindrical surface comprises P to permanent magnet, these P evenly distribute at the inboard of these K projecting teeth portions with respect to this shape central shaft to permanent magnet, this rotor rotates with respect to this shape central shaft, and P is a natural number, and wherein: each permanent magnet comprises at least one groove at the arc surface of circumferencial direction, in order to reduce cogging torque, the angle position of each groove is selected from n angle position 180Mod ((2P/K) i-P/f, 1), i=1,2, ..., n, wherein, n=M/ (2P), M is the least common multiple of 2P and K, and Mod () is remainder operation, and f is the cogging torque cycle when not having these grooves.
11. the rotational structure of magneto as claimed in claim 10 is characterized in that:
This stator also comprises a stator yoke portion, and this K projecting teeth portion is the extension of this stator yoke portion; And/or
This rotor also comprises a rotor core, and this rotor core is symmetrical in this shape central shaft, and these P are fixed in this rotor core to permanent magnet.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100037364A CN101222154B (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | Rotation structure of permanent magnet motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007100037364A CN101222154B (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-01-12 | Rotation structure of permanent magnet motor |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101222154A true CN101222154A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN101222154B CN101222154B (en) | 2010-07-28 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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