CN101219077B - Iris recognition and tracking for optical treatment - Google Patents
Iris recognition and tracking for optical treatment Download PDFInfo
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- CN101219077B CN101219077B CN2007101700824A CN200710170082A CN101219077B CN 101219077 B CN101219077 B CN 101219077B CN 2007101700824 A CN2007101700824 A CN 2007101700824A CN 200710170082 A CN200710170082 A CN 200710170082A CN 101219077 B CN101219077 B CN 101219077B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/117—Identification of persons
- A61B5/1171—Identification of persons based on the shapes or appearances of their bodies or parts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B3/00—Apparatus for testing the eyes; Instruments for examining the eyes
- A61B3/10—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions
- A61B3/107—Objective types, i.e. instruments for examining the eyes independent of the patients' perceptions or reactions for determining the shape or measuring the curvature of the cornea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F9/00802—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser for photoablation
- A61F9/00804—Refractive treatments
- A61F9/00806—Correction of higher orders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00861—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser adapted for treatment at a particular location
- A61F2009/00872—Cornea
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00878—Planning
- A61F2009/0088—Planning based on wavefront
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/008—Methods or devices for eye surgery using laser
- A61F2009/00878—Planning
- A61F2009/00882—Planning based on topography
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Abstract
A system and method are provided in which an iris or eye image is taken during a refractive diagnostic analysis. The image is employed for aligning data from the analysis with data from other refractive analysis instruments, as well as aligning a refractive surgical tool, such as a laser, with the eye for treatment. Further, the stored iris image is compared with the patient's iris before treatment, verifying that the correct eye is to be treated with a developed treatment pattern. A variety of refractive instruments can be used, such as corneal topography systems and wavefront aberration systems.
Description
The application is for dividing an application, and its original application is the patent application of submitting to Patent Office of the People's Republic of China on October 20th, 2000, and application number is 00814462.1, and denomination of invention is " being used for the iris identification and the tracking of optical therapeutic ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to be used for the system of refraction of eye surgery, more precisely, relate to and use iris identification and navigation system with dioptric diagnostic tool and refraction laser system and eye alignment.
Background technology
Since several years, field of ophthalmology has obtained greatly progress in the dioptric treatment of wanting the correction ocular vision.These technology are from early stage radially keratotomy, wherein the slit in the cornea allows cornea to loosen and recovers shape, to comprising anaclasis (photorefractive) keratectomy (" PRK "), anterior layer keratectomy (" ALK "), original position laser cornea excision (keratomileusis, " LASIK ") and in interior existing technology, develop such as laser thermokeratoplasty (" LTK ").All these technology all attempt to provide quite rapid and persistent vision correction.
Along with the development and the improvement of these technology, in correcting, refractive error may realize higher precision.In the treatment type in early days, the suitable inaccuracy of corrigent precision.For the rectification in the required corrigent plus or minus one diopter scope is provided,, think that this rectification has fabulous effect for example for myopia.Yet treatment type refinement gradually allows minute defects is more corrected.Use prior art myopia correction and hypermetropia accurately now, and can use excimer laser to carry out the more rectification of high-order effect, as asphericity and irregular astigmatism.
Simultaneously, which kind of corrigent diagnostic tool judgement need be carried out and also obtained development.Adopt the profile measuring system can determine that visual impairment do not consider their " systematicness " and correct.The name of announcing on April 6th, 1999 is called the United States Patent (USP) N0.5 of " system of distributed excimer laser surgery ", has described this technology in 891,132.Multiple novel profile measuring system, thickness measuring system, wave front detector and comprehensive refractive error detection system not only can be surveyed myopia, hypermetropia and amount of astigmatism, but also can survey more senior time aberration of ophthalmic refractive characteristic.
" for the objective measurement of user's aberration of human eye of Hartmann.Shack wave front detector " (" Objective measurement of waveaberrations of the human eye with the user of a Hartmann-Shackwave-front sensor " people such as for example Liang, Journal of the Optical Society of America, Vol.11, No.7, July, 1994, disclosed detection in pp.1-9) for wavefront aberration in the purpose human eye of making such as ophthalmic surgery and contact lens and intraocular lens." normal eye's aberration and retinal images quality " (" Aberrationsand retinal image quality of the normal human eye " at J.Liang and D.R.Williams, Journal of theOptical Society of America, Vol.4, No.11, November, 1997, pp.2873-2883) and people's (" Williams ") such as Williams U.S. Patent No. 5, provided the improvement of people's such as Liang technology in 777,719.Williams has provided the detection aberration and the aberration of being surveyed has been used for ocular surgical, and the instruction of the manufacturing of ophthalmic and contact lens.
(International Application PCT/IJS97/21688) (" Frey ") has provided and used the instruction of polarizing optics control from lenticular backscattered further modification in detector assembly international patent publications WO99/27334.Identical with Williams, the Frey suggestion is used and is carried out optical correction from the data of wave front detector for the eyes of being checked.More particularly, so the optical correction of determining is subjected to the restriction in the aperture of the measured cornea of detector, for example the circle of the platycoria to 6 of eyes millimeter when the measurement eyes.Beyond this zone, the Frey suggestion uses the taper Mixed Zone of part excision that the acute variation in the corneal curvature is minimized, thereby reduces to degenerate.
These diagnostic systems and technology might allow more senior effect of fundamental sum corrected, and particularly when using accurate more correction of refractive errors technology, might make in some day to be better than 20/20 vision correction and to become standard.But, need be used for advanced person's diagnostic techniques is applied to the improved technology of dioptric surgery.
Summary of the invention
It is accurate more that refraction of eye surgical technic and refraction of eye diagnostic techniques have become, and precision has caused the continuous growth to accuracy requirement.According to the present invention, in diagnosis and surgical procedures, regulate by utilizing resembling of iris (or the part of iris or other eyes recognition feature), can further realize the raising of surgical operation and diagnostic techniques precision.Before carrying out the dioptric processing, carry out the aligning of surgical system on the basis of the iris image of in diagnostic procedure, being stored.
For example,, obtain the ametropia characteristic data of eyes, but also the pupil and the iris that obtain corresponding eyes resemble by anterior corneal surface profile measuring system or wave front detector system according to the present invention.Common then the preservation corresponding to the data of this iris image with from the data of this diagnostic system.If also adopt additional diagnostic tool, then they also can adopt pupil or iris imaging gamma camera that " the standardization point " of all data and the reference of the institute of treatment subsequently is provided.
When carrying out the dioptric treatment,,, and will be standardized into resembling of this iris by the treatment that diagnostic message is drafted by resembling of another gamma camera picked-up iris as using the LASIK of excimer laser.This standardization may comprise translation, rotation, calibration or other converter technique.The known treatment that is applied in required some place on the cornea is provided then.
In addition, resembling of iris can be offered the eye tracking system, make that the iris position is at the realistic objective of dynamic basic adjusted excimer laser relatively.
Preferably detect distinguishing characteristics in iris, and on the basis of those features, determine translation functions by this iris system.Usually, it is identical not having two irises, can realize rotation, translation, calibration or other converter technique on the basis of distinguishing characteristics.This iris system can be stored the various features of iris, comprises resembling of iris itself, and the feature of the iris feature, pupil and the eyes other parts that derive, perhaps helps to aim at data subsequently or aimed at the further feature of Surgery Systems before laser therapy.
The different feature according to the present invention can be between the diagnostic tool, between diagnostic tool and the dioptric instrument such as laser instrument, perhaps carry out iris and aim between the combination of these instruments.In addition, can use different technique of alignment at different Tool Rooms.For example, can use this iris data to aim at a dioptric instrument, utilize iris profile and rotation to aim at profile survey tool and for example data between the wave front detector simultaneously with reference to (a rotational reference) such as a diagnostic tool of profile survey tool such as laser instrument.Can use other technique of alignment.In these different technology, this aligned data is saved with dioptric analytical data or dioptric treatment data, so that other dioptric analysis subsequently or treatment tool use these data.
In a word, term as used herein " diagnostic tool " is meant to be used to carry out diagnostic measures to obtain the diagnostic equipment or the system of relevant measured ophthalmic refractive data, as profile measuring instrument, calibrator, wave front detector etc.What refraction data referred generally to eyes causes the unfavorable characteristic of vision, comprises that eyes element shapes, thickness, light propagates and wave front aberration, and those skilled in the art's other ametropia of generally acknowledging.Equally, term " dioptric instrument " is often referred to a kind of device or system that can implement dioptric treatment on eyes, is used as PRK, the photic ablation in LASIK and other refraction surgery as excimer laser for example.To understand term as used herein " standardization " from the following description, be often referred to image or demonstration coupling with diagnostic measures, equilibrium is relevant, fit to the first iris image, make each aspect all consistent dimensionally with first iris image reference coordinate frame.
As bonus,, can be provided for the Security Assurance Mechanism of treatment subsequently in conjunction with the iris data that the dioptric diagnostic analysis is preserved.Particularly, if the iris Image Matching of the reality that this iris data is not obtained with Surgery Systems before the surgical operation, can stop or stoping surgical operation, this can prevent from for example to use particular data at the enterprising line operate of the eyes of mistake, perhaps uses another patient's data.
According to one aspect of the invention, the present invention proposes is used to aim at the method for the dioptric treatment of patient's eye, comprising: patient's eye is carried out diagnostic measures; Obtain first image of the iris image that comprises patient's eye; Determine the spatial relationship between first image and the diagnostic measures; On the basis of this diagnostic measures, draft dioptric treatment for patient's eye; Obtain second image of patient's eye; And aim at this second image, comprise and determining and the spatial relationship of preparing to carry out between first image that dioptric treats.
Preferably, the method according to this invention is aimed between image, diagnostic tool, dioptric instrument or its combination in any of patient's eyes, patient's eye.
Preferably, this diagnostic tool comprises profile measuring system and wavefront measurement system wherein one of at least, and this dioptric instrument comprises a laser system.
Preferably, this diagnostic tool and dioptric instrument comprise that respectively one is used to obtain the gamma camera of the elephant of eyes.
Preferably, obtain first visual step in the method according to the invention and comprise that this diagnostic tool of use obtains resembling of eyes.
Preferably, the step that obtains second image in the method according to the invention comprises that this dioptric instrument of use obtains resembling of eyes.
Preferably, this second image comprises the iris image of patient's eye in the method according to the invention.
Preferably, carry out in the method according to the invention diagnostic measures comprise by wave-front optical aberration measurement, profile measurement, thickness measure, OCT are measured, phoropter is measured and the refraction data that obtains relevant patient's eye is wherein measured one of at least in ultrasonic measurement.
Preferably, carry out diagnostic measures in the method according to the invention and comprise corneal thickness or other different distributions of using ultrasound wave to determine patient's eye.
Preferably, this alignment procedures comprises first visual developing that demonstration is stored in the method according to the invention; Show second image in the mode of comparing with first image; And manually aim at the dioptric instrument and make first and second picture overlappings and aligning.
Preferably, this alignment procedures also comprises in the method according to the invention: the distinguishing characteristics of discerning patient's eye in first image; And this distinguishing characteristics is aimed at the corresponding distinguishing characteristics of patient's eye in second image.
Preferably, described in the method according to the invention distinguishing characteristics be born labelling and the labelling that applied one of them.
Preferably, the method according to this invention produces a labelling before also being included in and obtaining first image in the desired position of patient's eye.
Preferably, the step that produces labelling in the method according to the invention comprises by required mode and applies a kind of dyestuff or based on the labelling of dyestuff.
Preferably, described in the method according to the invention dyestuff is visible in infrared light.
Preferably, described in the method according to the invention dyestuff is detectable for the sufficiently long time of aiming at the dioptric treatment.
Preferably, produce labelling in the method according to the invention and comprise a thermoinduction labelling.
Preferably, the method according to this invention comprises use laser heat labelling eyes.
Preferably, this laser instrument is holmium (Holmium) laser instrument in the method according to the invention.
Preferably, producing labelling in the method according to the invention comprises labelling is radially extended in the zone to the periphery from the central area of patient's eye.
Preferably, the described in the method according to the invention labelling that radially extends has not point-blank a nearly source section (a proximal segment) and a source far away section (a distalsegment).
Preferably, in the method according to the invention this aligning comprise translation, rotation, calibration, to the dioptric treatment of being drafted be correlated with and standardization wherein one of at least.
Preferably, obtain the step of these first and second images in the method according to the invention, comprise and use infrared camera to obtain resembling of infrared eyes and use the visible light gamma camera to obtain visible image wherein one of at least.
Preferably, the method according to this invention also is included in and obtains the eyes that amplify the patient between these first and second images.
Preferably, the method according to this invention produces a labelling before further being included in and obtaining this first image in the desired zone of patient's eye.
Preferably, the step that produces labelling in the method according to the invention comprises by required mode and applies a kind of dyestuff.
Preferably, described in the method according to the invention dyestuff is visible in infrared light.
Preferably, in the method according to the invention after applying labelling in about at least 15 minutes to 1 hour time described dyestuff be detectable.
Preferably, the method according to this invention further comprises: use another diagnostic tool that patient's eye is carried out another diagnostic measures; Obtain the 3rd image of the iris image that comprises patient's eye; Determine the spatial relationship between the 3rd image and another diagnostic measures; And respectively from first with the aligning of the diagnostic measures of the 3rd image and another diagnostic measures and relevant basis on further draft the dioptric treatment.
Preferably, this diagnostic measures is different with the resolution of another diagnostic measures in the method according to the invention, uses in one of them and inserts another.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, the system that is used to aim at correction of refractive errors instrument and patient's eye that the present invention proposes, comprise: one is suitable for providing the dioptric diagnostic tool about the refraction data of patient's eye, wherein this dioptric diagnostic tool comprises: one is suitable for obtaining first pupil of patient's eye and/or first gamma camera of iris image, and wherein this dioptric diagnostic tool is suitable for providing the iris data of ametropia characteristic data with this first iris image of expression of corresponding space correlation; And a laser system, be suitable for applying a dioptric therapeutic process to patient's eye, wherein this laser system comprises: one is suitable for obtaining second gamma camera of the second iris image; One is suitable for applying the laser instrument of this dioptric therapeutic process; And a control system, be suitable for receiving the data that draw from ametropia characteristic data and iris data, before control system begin treatment process, iris data and second iris image are aimed at.
Preferably, this control system is connected to second gamma camera and this laser instrument in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this dioptric diagnostic tool comprises a wave front detector in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this dioptric diagnostic tool comprises a cornea contour analysis instrument in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this dioptric diagnostic tool is suitable for using ultrasound wave to determine corneal thickness or other different profile in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this dioptric diagnostic tool comprises a hand-held dioptric diagnostic tool in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this laser system further comprises in system according to the present invention: a display that is connected with control system with this second gamma camera is suitable for showing eclipsed second iris image and the iris data that is received.
Preferably, the iris data that this control system is suitable for being received in system according to the present invention compares and aims at this second iris image.
Preferably, system according to the present invention further comprises: one second dioptric diagnostic tool, it comprises: one is suitable for obtaining the 3rd gamma camera of the 3rd iris image, wherein this second dioptric diagnostic tool is connected on this laser system, and be suitable for providing the additional iris data of the expression of the additional refraction data of patient's eye and additional ametropia characteristic data and corresponding space correlation from the 3rd iris image of the 3rd gamma camera.
Preferably, system according to the present invention further comprises: one is connected to the computing system on this dioptric diagnostic tool, this second dioptric diagnostic tool and this laser system, wherein this computing system is suitable for receiving ametropia characteristic data, additional ametropia characteristic data, the iris data that is received and additional iris data, and be adapted to pass through and aim at iris data and the additional iris data that receives, the ametropia characteristic data space is standardized into the second ametropia characteristic data.
Preferably, this computing system is suitable for drafting the dioptric therapeutic process that is used for laser system on the basis in standardized data in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this laser system comprises this computing system in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, this laser instrument comprises an excimer laser in system according to the present invention.
Preferably, system according to the present invention further comprises: one is connected to the computing system on this dioptric diagnostic tool and this laser system, this computing system is suitable for receiving ametropia characteristic data and iris data, drafting the dioptric therapeutic process, and the dioptric therapeutic process that provides this space criteria to change into iris data.
Preferably, this laser system comprises this computing system in system according to the present invention.
Another aspect according to the present invention, proposed to be used for applying the laser system of dioptric therapeutic process to patient's eye, the dioptric therapeutic process of the iris data space correlation of the iris image of this laser system reception and expression patient's eye, this laser system comprises: one is suitable for obtaining the gamma camera of iris image; One is suitable for applying the laser instrument of dioptric therapeutic process; And a control system, be suitable for receiving dioptric therapeutic process and iris data, and before control system begins the dioptric therapeutic process, aim at this iris data and iris image.
Preferably, comprise further that according to laser system of the present invention one is suitable for according to drafting the computing system of dioptric therapeutic process from the ametropia characteristic data of dioptric diagnostic tool, and provide and represent dioptric therapeutic process from the additional iris data space correlation of the additional iris image of additional gamma camera in the dioptric diagnostic tool.
Preferably, be included in the same computer system according to this control system in the laser system of the present invention and this computing system.
According to another aspect of the invention, proposed a kind ofly for patient's eye provides the method for dioptric therapeutic process, this method comprises: the ametropia characteristic of determining patient's eye; When determining ametropia characteristic, obtain resembling of patient's eye one surface; Utilize determined ametropia characteristic to draft the dioptric therapeutic process; And resemble the patient's eye that received with the correction of refractive errors instrument by the surface that will be obtained another resemble and aim at, and the correction of refractive errors instrument is aimed at patient's eye.
Preferably, this method further comprises and applies the dioptric therapeutic process.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of system that is used to aim at correction of refractive errors instrument and patient's eye has been proposed, comprising: the device that is used for the ametropia characteristic of definite patient's eye; When determining ametropia characteristic, be used to obtain the device of elephant on a surface of patient's eye; Utilize determined ametropia characteristic to draft the device of dioptric therapeutic process; And be used for by aiming at the patient's eye obtained the surface resemble the patient's eye that received with the correction of refractive errors instrument another resemble, and make correction of refractive errors instrument and the aligned device of patient's eye.
Preferably, this system further comprises the device that is used to apply the dioptric therapeutic process.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of method of aiming at correction of refractive errors instrument and patient's eye has been proposed, this method comprises: the ametropia characteristic of determining patient's eye; Obtain first image that is used to limit spatial relationship between iris and the determined ametropia characteristic from the iris of patient's eye; Preserve the developing of this first image; Obtain second image that is used to draft the dioptric therapeutic process from the iris of patient's eye; And the developing of aiming at second iris image and being stored, be used for the dioptric therapeutic process is standardized into the second iris image.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of method of aiming at the dioptric instrument has been proposed, this method comprises: use the first dioptric instrument to obtain the first iris pictorial data from patient's eye; Use the second dioptric instrument to obtain the second iris pictorial data from patient's eye; And this second iris pictorial data and this first iris pictorial data contrasted (aligning).
Preferably, this method further comprises: use this first dioptric or diagnostic tool to obtain first alternative aligned data of eyes: use the 3rd dioptric or diagnostic tool to obtain second alternative aligned data of eyes; And this first alternative aligned data and this second alternative aligned data contrasted.
According to another aspect of the invention, a kind of system that is used for aiming at diagnosis of (aligning) dioptric and treatment data has been proposed, comprise: one adopts first ophthalmic diagnosis or the dioptric instrument of first refraction data, this first ophthalmic diagnosis or dioptric instrument are suitable for obtaining the first ophthalmology aligned data, and keep these data as the reference that is used for first refraction data; One adopts second ophthalmic diagnosis or the dioptric instrument of second refraction data, and this second ophthalmic diagnosis or dioptric instrument are suitable for obtaining the second ophthalmology aligned data, as the reference that is used for second refraction data; And be used for making this first refraction data device relevant with second aligned data with second refraction data by contrasting first aligned data.
Preferably, this first and second ophthalmic diagnosis and dioptric instrument are selected from following one group in the said system: cornea profile survey tool; The wave front aberration instrument; And the laser instrument that is applicable to correction of refractive errors.
Preferably, this first and second aligned data is following a kind of in the said system: iris data; Astigmatism data; Or the iris profile adds the rotary label data.
Preferably, the device that this is used to be correlated with in the said system is a computing equipment, is suitable for calculating laser instrument dioptric treatment pattern.
Preferably, this device that is used for being correlated with is the parts that laser instrument one is suitable for aiming at laser eyepiece in the said system.
According to another aspect of the invention, the method for a kind of eye alignment and characterization has been proposed, comprising: in a selection area of eyes, provide a labelling; Obtain and have not first image of mydriatic eyes, comprise the iris image, wherein this labelling constitutes the part of first image; Amplify the pupil of eyes; Obtain second image of the eyes of the pupil that comprises amplification; Acquisition has the diagnosis dioptometry of eyes of the pupil of amplification; And the anaclasis treatment (photorefractive treatment) of drafting the correction of refractive errors that is used for eyes from this diagnostic measures.
Preferably, this diagnostic measures is a wavefront measurement from eyes in the said method.
Preferably, be labeled as a kind of dyestuff or described in the said method based on the labelling of dyestuff.
Preferably, dyestuff described in the said method is visible in infrared light.
Preferably, in the said method after applying this labelling described dyestuff in about at least 15 minutes to one hour time, be visible.
Preferably, labelling described in the said method has the nearly source section of radially extending from the central area of eyes.
Preferably, one of this labelling source far away section is crossed the marginal area of eyes in the said method.
Preferably, the nearly source section of the source far away section of this labelling and this labelling is not point-blank in the said method.
Preferably, be labeled as a laser labelling described in the said method.
Preferably, laser labelling is made of holmium laser described in the said method.
Preferably, treatment described in the said method comprises LASIK, and is detectable at cornea flap described labelling after cornea is packed up wherein.
Preferably, said method further comprise by at least to the labelling in each image compare aim at second the image with first image.
Preferably, draft the anaclasis treatment that comprises aligning diagnostic measures and labelling in the said method.
Preferably, aim at described in the said method and comprise from described first image and discern iris patterns.
Preferably, the identification of iris patterns described in the said method comprises gray level (a grayscale) analysis of iris, is used to produce the grey level distribution of iris.
Preferably, labelling described in the said method laterally strides across described grey level distribution.
Preferably, said method further is included in and obtains the diagnosis dioptometry when obtaining first image.
Preferably, said method further is included in wavefront measurement and treatment and does not just implement described anaclasis treatment through planned time delay after drafting.
Preferably, said method comprises by from the first and second visual alignment marks and alignment light refraction treatment.
Preferably, said method further is included in wavefront measurement and treatment and implements described anaclasis treatment after the planned time delay after drafting.
Preferably, obtain the iris image when said method is included in treatment, and described iris image is aimed at the iris image in first image.
Preferably, said method further is included in aiming at of treatment that treatment checking in the past that execution drafts drafted and first image.
Preferably, said method further is included in treatment that execution drafts the treatment drafted and the aligned demonstration of eyes was provided in the past.
Preferably, do not confirm, then further comprise and regulate eye position and regulate the treatment drafted wherein one of at least, make the final and eye alignment of the treatment of being drafted if aim in the said method.
Preferably, said method further is included in place's checking seclected time aligning in the anaclasis therapeutic process.
Preferably, said method further is included in and verifies aligning in the anaclasis therapeutic process in real time.
Preferably, the diagnostic measures of dioptric described in the said method comprise that the cornea profile is measured and thickness measure wherein one of at least.
Preferably, labelling described in the said method provides the information of relevant eyes translation and rotation.
Another aspect according to the present invention has proposed a kind of system that is used to aim at the ophthalmic refractive treatment, comprising: one first gamma camera is used to obtain first image of the iris image that comprises eyes; One dioptric diagnostic instruments provides the wavefront, profile and the thickness measure that interrelate with this first gamma camera wherein one of at least; One laser system can provide the anaclasis treatment, comprises second gamma camera that is used to obtain another image of eyes; One computer system is used to draft and aim at the anaclasis treatment that interrelates with this laser system, this first gamma camera and this diagnostic instruments; And a control system, be used to implement the anaclasis treatment that this laser system interrelates of unifying with this department of computer science.
Preferably, this first image comprises resembling of labelling in the eyes selection area in the said system.
Preferably, this other image comprises resembling of this labelling in the said system.
Preferably, first and second gamma cameras are infrared camera one of at least wherein in the said system, and their resembling separately comprise resembling of labelling in the eyes selection area.
Preferably, labelling described in the said system is provided for aiming at this first image and other visual information.
Preferably, in the said system after applying labelling at least 15 minutes described being marked in the infrared light be visible.
Preferably, be labeled as laser labelling described in the said system.
Preferably, the heat label of serving as reasons laser instrument suitable and forming of laser labelling described in the said system.
Preferably, this dioptric diagnostic instruments is a wave front detector in the said system, and further comprise one second dioptric diagnostic instruments, this second dioptric diagnostic instruments comprises one the 3rd gamma camera, be used to obtain another image of eyes, this another image comprise iris resemble with the eyes selection area in the resembling of labelling.
Preferably, this control system is suitable for relevant and dioptric treatment that standardization is drafted and resembling of being obtained in the said system.
Preferably, said system further comprises a display, and it allows the operator to see aiming at of treatment of being drafted and the image that is obtained.
Preferably, said system further comprises a display, and it allows the operator to see aiming at of treatment of being drafted and the image that is obtained.
Preferably, this dioptric treatment comprises a LASIK process in the said system, and this labelling is visible when the cornea flap puts down.
Preferably, the grey level distribution that this labelling crosses the iris identification pattern of eyes in the said system.
Preferably, this labelling comprises that one has the mark of a nearly source section and a source far away section in the said system, and described nearly source section is radially extended from centring.
Preferably, source section far away and described nearly source section described in the said system are not point-blank.
Preferably, the section of source far away described in the said system is horizontally through the grey level distribution of the iris identification pattern of eyes.
The accompanying drawing summary
Fig. 1 is a flow chart, and obtaining and these data being used for subsequently laser therapy of iris pictorial data is described;
Fig. 2 A, 2B and 2C are block flow diagram, and obtaining that iris data and ametropia characteristic data combine is described, the treatment that on this data basis, produces, and utilize these treatment data and iris image to combine and carry out laser surgery;
The ablation profile curve chart of the combination that Fig. 3 obtains from wave front data and surface shape measuring data for explanation;
Fig. 4 is the expression of analysing and observe of eyes, and the relevant diagnostic tool that is used for determining the distinctive ametropia characteristic of eyes;
Fig. 5 can be used as the multifrequency nature sketch map of the eyes of the characteristic iris data in the system and a method according to the invention for explanation;
Fig. 5 A is the eyes sketch map similar to Fig. 5, represents a kind of according to an embodiment of the invention labelling;
Fig. 6 is a flow chart, illustrates that the iris data of utilization is preserved according to the present invention iris data and imaging is transformed into actual treatment with required treatment;
Fig. 7 is a flow chart, illustrates to adopt the iris data of being preserved to aim at the another kind of alternative technology of treatment;
Fig. 8 A and 8B are the demonstration image of key diagram 7 technology;
Fig. 9 A and 9B sight the technique of alignment sketch map of light beam/imaging system for explanation laser according to the present invention;
Figure 10 is for illustrating according to another kind of technique of alignment sketch map of the present invention;
Figure 11 A and 11B are the further improvement of the technique of alignment according to the present invention;
Figure 12 is the block diagram that is used for the wave front detector of system according to the invention; And
Figure 13 is the exemplary sketch map of staring image that is used for the wave front detector of Figure 12.
Implement mode of the present invention
Utilize iris data to aim at laser therapy
Fig. 1 represents to use the generalized flowsheet of the method for the system that provides according to one embodiment of the invention.Carry out imaging at 10 pairs of irises of square, and combine with utilizing diagnostic tool acquisition refraction data.Can carry out this imaging and use diagnostic tool with multiple mode.For example, can before laser therapy, use this diagnostic tool, determine that as using anterior corneal surface profile measuring system cornea or dioptric distribute.Perhaps can before the dioptric surgery, use this diagnostic tool immediately.In any case, some developing of the iris of imaging or iris all is saved the data that draw for this diagnostic tool.
Proceed to square 12, on the basis of the data that this diagnostic tool provided, draft treatment then.For example this treatment may be the myopia and the irregular astigmatism for the treatment of to a certain degree.For example this treatment may be to utilize a treatment that PCT/EP95/04028 (being disclosed on April 25th, the 1996) algorithm that is called " using the heat effect that reduces to carry out the excimer laser system of vision correction " is drafted, the document provides the shake (dither) that is used to change cornea profile algorithm, and the U.S. Patent No. 5 that is called " system of distributed excimer laser surgery " with name, the distributed system of 891,132 (being disclosed on April 6th, 1999) combines.But, this treatment is standardized into the demonstration of the iris image of being stored.Thus, subsequently on the basis of additional diagnostic tool data the modification to treatment can be standardized into subsequently iris image.
In addition, patient's iris is preferably aimed in treatment itself.Realize this process at square 14, wherein laser eyepiece and treatment pattern are standardized into the image of patient's iris of receiving treatment.This standardization can be adopted very general form, such as laser eyepiece being converted to suitable point, perhaps can take more complicated form, as by rotation or even change the ratio of treatment and the treatment of tilting so that with laser system in the iris image that exists be complementary.
Advance to square 16, carry out laser therapy then.During laser therapy this system it should be noted that can be periodically or even the iris data and the demonstration of the iris data of being stored are complementary, in fact patient's eyes are followed the tracks of.
With reference to Fig. 2 A, 2B and 2C express definite refraction data, are standardized into the iris image, produce therapeutic process, implement the generalized flowsheet of this therapeutic process then in a system according to the present invention.Determine to intend being treated the ametropia characteristic of eyes by anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 100 and wave front detector 102.These two devices all can provide the data of expression ophthalmic refractive characteristic usually.Also express computer workstation or computing equipment 104 in addition, be used on the basis of the data that diagnostic tool provides, producing the therapeutic process of customization.Though it is expressed as independently workstation1 04,, workstation1 04 and/or its function can be combined in Fig. 2 A, in numerous miscellaneous parts of 2B and 2C system as employed in the disclosed distributed system of PCT/EP97/02821.For example, express laser system 106 in Fig. 2 C, this system accepts treatment and the corresponding iris data that workstation1 04 is produced.Laser system 106 can comprise the function of workstation1 04, the suitable laser therapy of generation in this laser system 106 itself.
Cornea profile measuring system 100 is gathered the cornea shape data from patient's eye E in Fig. 2 A.Illustrated profile measuring system comprises a Placido dish type hardware 108 and a pupil or iris gamma camera 110.These parts are well known in the art, and the known technology that multiple generation cornea shape data is arranged.For example, the System2000 of EyeSys produces cornea shape data, salt lake city Bausch ﹠amp; The ORBSCAN II of Lomb/Orbtek company
The profile measuring system can not only produce surperficial cornea profile and measure, but also produces whole profiles measurements of a plurality of parts of eyes.Last system is based on the system of Placido dish; The latter is an a kind of automatic slit lamp system.ORBSCAN II
System uses apparent height and ray trace to determine the refractive error of eyes.Profile measuring system 100 can produce the data output 112 of multiple form usually, and uses multiple technologies to gather, as the absolute corneal height at a plurality of somes place, at the corneal curvature at a plurality of somes place etc.
Except corneal data 112, cornea profile measuring system 100 also obtains corresponding " snapshot " of eye E visible surface, and first iris (and pupil) pictorial data 114 of representing iris (and pupil) image 120 is provided.Many anterior corneal surface profile measuring systems have the gamma camera that can obtain this image.Will further discuss as following, gamma camera 110 can provide iris pictorial data 114 with multiple form, as the standard picture form, perhaps as wherein discerning the artifactitious compressed form of various irises or pupil.This artefact may comprise those discernible phenomenons along the interface edge of pupil and iris.This iris data 114 can be discernible artefact, pupil, their interface or some combination of other eye structure of image and iris.
Shown in Fig. 2 A, profile measurement data 112 is relevant about certain coordinate system preferably with iris pictorial data 114, shown in eclipsed visual 116.In these data, preserve the relation between determined profile 118 and the iris image 120.
As discussed below, the iris pictorial data 114 that is used for iris image 120 is useful for aiming at surgical technique and tools (being laser system 106 herein).But data 114 also are useful for carrying out standardization from the data of multiple other ophthalmic diagnostic apparatus.Particularly, wave front detector 102 is also analyzed dioptric scrambling or the aberration in the eye E.In wave front detector 102, gamma camera 122 focuses on the eye E before being preferably in certain " trombone " Optical devices 124.Use trombone Optical devices 124 (for example focus or light path tuner or Optical devices) change optical path length and laser instrument 126 are focused on the eye E retina.Use trombone Optical devices 124 to determine and compensate the rudimentary aberration of eye E, as defocus.In one embodiment, wave front detector 102 is used for determining the optical aberration of eye E by lenticule gamma camera 128 image data.As mentioned above, can adopt multiple other wave front detector or the system of other types determine dioptric ophthalmology wave front aberration.
Identical with anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 100, wave front detector 102 preferably provides aberration data 130 and from iris (and pupil) pictorial data 132 of pupil gamma camera 122.These data have for example been set up aberration profile 134-, and as among the Williams, the wave front detector luminous point distributes, and from then on luminous point distributes and determines the barycenter of luminous point, determine the wave front aberration and iris (and pupil) image 136 of eyes.Iris pictorial data 132 may be identical with iris pictorial data 114.Wave front detector data 130 and iris pictorial data 132 be also by mutual standardization, as among Fig. 2 A by shown in the eclipsed reference frame 138.When obtaining aberration data 130 and pictorial data, can amplify pupil, perhaps can not amplify pupil.
Can determine polytype refraction data, and use this refraction data and draft the therapeutic process that is used for such as LASIK dioptric surgery.These data can comprise other different distributions (for example using ultrasound wave) of cornea shape data, Wavefront detecting data, corneal thickness data or eyes ingredient, with the refraction data of the other types that form from multiple source, as from slit scan or optical coherence tomography technology.For example, use the ultrasound wave not only can the measured angular film thickness, but also can measure epithelium and other ocular surface, the chloroplast stroma ingredient (for LASIK) in the micro-keratome cutting flap (flap), the chloroplast stroma that flap is remaining down etc.Usually on the basis of pointwise on the eye E, provide these data with the resolution that changes.For example, has the resolution higher usually from the cornea shape data 112 of cornea profile measuring system 100 than wave front detector data 130.Similarly, certain type data pin is to an aspect of eye E, as the surface topography of anterior corneal surface shape data 112 mapping eye E, and other data may be reacted other aspects of eye E, as can obtain total refractive error in the Wavefront detecting data 130 of wave front detector 102.
In addition, the dioptric diagnostic tool can be multiple structure, as fixed, and desktop system, hand-held or be integrated in a plurality of systems in the single instrument.One of skill in the art will recognize that and in the embodiment of multiple reality, to realize according to technology of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the invention, these group data of standardization are treated so that form accurate more dioptric each other.Herein, shape data 112 and its corresponding iris pictorial data 114 are standardized into wave front detector data 130 and its iris pictorial data 132.For example, (illustrated by iris image 142) carries out mutual standardization (shown in chart 140) to these two groups of data on the basis of the similarity of iris image 120 and iris image 136.As mentioned above, this standardization may come from the overlapping of these iris images itself, perhaps comes from the adjusting of the characteristic element of these irises (and pupil) image, discusses with reference to Fig. 5 as following.
In the specific embodiments shown in Fig. 2 B, handle aberration profile 134 (for example by match Zernike multinomial, discussing as Williams and this place) is expressed as pupil wave front aberration curve (plot) 160 (for example contour) with formation wavefront aberration data.Also wave front detector data 130 and iris pictorial data 132 (Fig. 2 A) are carried out standardization mutually, as among Fig. 2 B by shown in the eclipsed reference frame 162.As mentioned above, when obtaining aberration data 130 and pictorial data, pupil preferably amplifies, and in order to produce accurate more dioptric treatment, these group data is carried out standardization mutually.Shape data 112 and its corresponding iris pictorial data 114 are standardized into Wavefront detecting data 130 and its iris pictorial data 132.For example, by with the basis of the similarity of the similar iris of the discussion of prior figures 2A image 120 and iris image 136 on (represented) (eclipsed) Figure 164 of obtaining by iris image 142 these standardization of data are described.Shape data 118 covers the major part of eyes, as spreads all over major part or whole cornea, and wave front aberration curve (or data) 160 only covers pupil or part pupil usually.When being overlapped into Figure 164 or being similar to Figure 164, may there be certain dependency between pupil wave front aberration equal pitch contour 160 and the profile 118, such just as one of ordinary skill in the understanding, be used to aim at or standardization also is like this even without the iris pictorial data.For standardization or stack profile and wavefront aberration data (for example, shape data 118 and pupil wave front aberration curve 160), as one of ordinary skill in the understanding, can suitably consider to change the diopter (for example by average diopter) of optical path length (for example from wavefront aberration data) or eyes, so that make these data relevant.
No matter, still produce data, shown in Fig. 2 C, produce treatment profile (a treatmentprofile) 144 by computer program according to the process sketch among Fig. 2 B according to the process sketch among Fig. 2 A.For example can pass through independent computer 104, the computer that is connected with Internet or other networks is perhaps finished as the computing system of laser system 106, profile measuring system 100, wave front detector 102 or an other system part.The treatment that is produced can be multiple treatment.For example, can carry out U.S. Patent No. 5,891 as previously mentioned, the 132 irregular treatment patterns of being discussed perhaps can be carried out the treatment of multiple other types, include but not limited to the variable light spot size, scanning slit, or fixed size laser therapy scanning spot.No matter carry out which kind of treatment,, and can maintain the standard and turn to the iris image of being stored 142 all with respect to from the data 140 of various diagnostic tools or 164 and produce.
Can use data to produce treatment by several different methods from various diagnostic tools.For example, can use data 130 to produce treatment separately, perhaps can use data 112 from anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 100 from wave front detector 102.Similarly, can use other can select the data of the dioptric diagnostic tool of type to produce treatment separately.Can make up favourable aspect, to produce the treatment of better synthesis dioptric from the data of various tool.For example, no matter platycoria is to what degree, anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 100 is all returned the surface topography data, but wave front detector 102 may be subjected to the restriction (being the refraction effect that wave front detector 102 is only measured optical element in the light path usually) of current platycoria degree.Thereby, shown in Figure 164 among Fig. 2 B, adopt data 112 on than the bigger surf zone of the pupil that amplifies, and will be used for the middle body in the pupil region from the data 130 of wave front detector 1 02 from anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 100.In two kinds of situations, use their iris images 120 and 136 separately can make data 130 and data 112 consistent by first space criteriaization.
This technology has been described in Fig. 3, wherein will have made up based on the excision profile of wave front data and surface topography data.The excision profile 162 based on surface topography that obtains from the surface topography data at first has been described in Fig. 3.Also be effectively in outside these data of pupil even, shown in pupil diameter 160.Comparatively speaking, from wave front data obtain based on the excision profile 164 of wavefront usually only within pupil diameter 160 zones effectively.Therefore, the excision profile 166 that has obtained combination by excision profile 164 and the use pupil diameter 160 outer excision profiles 162 that use in the pupil diameter 160 based on surface topography based on wavefront.In this embodiment, at first each excises profile from corresponding data computation before these profiles are made up.In addition, other technologies also may make up the data that obtained before calculating excision profile itself.When using wave front detector, based on the profile measuring system of height map (elevation), as can be from Bausch﹠amp; The ORBSCAN II that Lomb/Orbtek company buys
The profile measuring system is particularly useful.But, other profile measuring systems also can be used in the present invention's practice as the system based on curvature.The spendable system of other types comprises two camera systems, as U.S. Patent No. 5,159, and 361 and No.4, described in 995,716.
ORBSCAN II
The profile measuring system is a kind of profile measuring system based on the slit scan height, measures two surfaces of cornea and the front of crystalline lens and iris simultaneously.Each measured surface can be shown as the figure of height, inclination, curvature or thickness.Can also obtain the full-shape film figure of calibrator from the measured surface of cornea.Can utilize the ray trace optical computing to determine the visual effect of multiple optics in the eyes previous section.ORBSCAN II
The profile measurement is based on diffuse-reflectance rather than direct reflection, so that detect apparent height rather than surface curvature more accurately.Application can be used for combining with diffuse reflectance measurement, as well known to the skilled person from the direct reflection image measurement surface gradient of placido or other reflectance targets.For ORBSCAN II based on height
The illustrative of profile measuring system is described, referring to the U.S. Patent No. 5,512,965 and 5,512,966 of Richard K.Snook.From ORBSCAN II
The data of system can by accurately and seamless slash convert comprehensive refraction data to from wave front detector.
In the profile measuring system, also the data from wave front detector may be used for " demarcation " data.Because wave front detector has been described the whole refractive errors in the eyes, so the software that it allows to be used for the profile measuring system makes the surface topography at any specific point place relevant with the whole refractive errors that join with those spot correlations (being determined by wave front detector).After so demarcating, can use profile measuring system data to produce overall refractive error and distribute.
As another example, can make up data, so that the aggregative model of optical unit in the eyes to be provided from multiple diagnostic tool.For example, anterior corneal surface profile measuring system can provide surface data, and ultrasonic system can provide the corneal thickness data, and wave front detector can provide comprehensive refractive error data.By the influence of " removal " surface data and thickness data, thereby can use not on the same group the postcorneal optical unit of digital simulation.
Referring to Fig. 4, express the profile of eye E, eye E comprises cornea 450, crystalline lens 456 and retina 458.Cornea 450 comprises several layers, as epithelium 452 and substrate 454.These multiple ingredients, especially cornea 450 and crystalline lens 456 combine, and form total diopter and the ametropia characteristic of eye E.Some factors can exert an influence to refractive error (for example wave front aberration), include but not limited to the scrambling in cornea 450 or the crystalline lens 456, and the distance (for example defocusing on the meaning of aberration) from cornea 450 and crystalline lens 456 to retina 458.
Illustrated also among Fig. 4 that expression is particularly suitable for analyzing the symbol of the multiple diagnostic tool of the ametropia characteristic of eye E specific part and other characteristics.These instruments can provide data of different types for the different piece or the unit of eye E.For example, ultrasonic technology 460 can be determined the thickness of epithelium 452 and substrate 454 usually, thereby the gross thickness of cornea 450 is provided.Can adopt multiple ultrasonic technology, comprise that calibrator and name are called the U.S. Patent No. 5,293 of " system of ultrasonic definite cornea bed thickness and shape " (being disclosed on March 15th, 1994), the technology described in 871.
Anterior corneal surface profile measuring system 462 provides and analyzes the anterior corneal surface profile usually.The profile measuring system is as the ORBSHOT of Orbtek
TMGenerally show very high resolution with the System 2000 of EyeSys, but be limited to the surface of measuring cornea 450 epitheliums 452.
Combination type dioptric diagnostic tool 464 is as the ORBSCAN II of Orbtek
The profile measuring system is generally determined and interior a plurality of thickness of analysis eyes and surface.This can comprise the thickness of cornea 450, the surface topography of cornea 450, the surface of crystalline lens 456,450 the distance from crystalline lens 456 to cornea, and the distance from these forward optical systems of eyes to retina 458.
At last, in Fig. 4, by the wave front detector of 466 expressions, the wave front detector of wave front detector 102 or Williams provides the data of the overall dioptric aberration of relevant eyes as previously described, as is expressed as distored wavefront distribution (data) 468.On the wave front detector technological essence based on experiment-relate to characteristic before the light wave of the eyes outside of retina 458 reflections, rather than the physical property of any peculiar optical unit of eye E.
Refer again to Fig. 2 C, on the basis of the treatment 144 that is produced, generally the laser system 106 for peculiar type provides a kind of therapeutic process, as a series of emissions (shot), and the scanning slit of a series of different aperture sizes, the perhaps treatment of multiple other types.Spatially be meant the data 148 of expression iris image by the therapeutic process of 146 expressions that distribute itself.Data 148 can be the position developing of the multiple natural or artificial characteristic of black and white high-contrast developing, iris or the cornea of the image of iris self, iris, perhaps multiple other developings of iris.Usually, when with laser system 106 treatment eye E, data 148 developings of iris should be suitable for allowing therapeutic process 146 to aim at the actual iris of eye E.
Then, the treatment profile that will comprise therapeutic process 146 and iris data 148 is loaded into laser system 106.Referring to Fig. 2 C, laser system 106 can be polytype, as 193 nanometer excimer lasers, and generally include a laser instrument 150, one sighting system 152 (for example be used for from the light of laser instrument 150 one group of optical element) towards the eye E guiding, a gamma camera 154 and a control system 156.Usually use low-power aiming or reference beam (not illustrating among the figure) in conjunction with laser instrument 150.For example, can be by gamma camera 154 monitoring aiming beams, gamma camera is generally infrared camera, and be used for aiming laser device 150, as on April 15th, 1997 disclosed name be called described in " method and apparatus that on eyes, forms accurate anchor point " (PCT/EP95/01287, publish October 19 nineteen ninety-five).
In operating process, gamma camera 154 offers control system 156 with the image of the iris I (with reference to figure 2C) of eye E, with control sighting system 152.The image of the actual iris I that offers excimer laser system 106 is compared with the iris data 148 relevant with therapeutic process 146.Regulate the target of laser head 150 then, the image of the iris I that iris data 148 and gamma camera 154 provide is aimed in fact.This may need translation, rotation, change ratio, inclination or multiple other distortion functions.For therapeutic process 146 same carry out impose on must with the conversion (translation) of the aligned iris pictorial data 148 of iris I, make that when applying conversion final therapeutic process is equivalent to reduce the therapeutic process of the optical effect of estimating in the therapeutic process 144.
Itself can change the data of therapeutic process 146, perhaps can change the target of laser system 106 or patient's rotary alignment.No matter which kind of method of employing before execution treatment 146, uses iris data 148 to aim at iris I.
Disclosed technology is useful to polytype external coat.PRK can be imposed on the outer surface of eyes, the perhaps at first excision of the part by cornea applies laser therapy below then and carries out the LASIK process.In addition, this technology goes for the treatment of other non-keratectomy types, as the quasi-molecule keratotomy, perhaps is used for the multiple thermology method of correction of refractive errors.These therapeutic processes can be aimed at accurately with the iris of eyes, make the calculating that approaches optimum position in theory more can be provided and the treatment pattern.
Use the iris data relevant with treatment data both to bring other advantages with diagnosis.For example, be in stand up position when the patient carries out diagnostic assay, be in the patient sometimes and lean to the position and compare, eyes may rotate in eye socket slightly.Similarly, even health is in same position, the verticality of patient's head can influence eye rotation.Though patient's brain can compensate a small amount of this rotation, in the high accuracy corrective therapy pattern for more senior defective, the change in the rotary alignment may rotate to eyes the position beyond the relevant treatment fully, causes having applied wrong treatment to eyes.For quite basic therapeutic process, as myopia and hypermetropia, even, generally do not declare the result of this misalignment for less astigmatism treatment.But for more high-grade defective, as irregular astigmatism, flash of light, halation etc., unless can obtain and maintenance is aimed at the optimal spatial treatment position, otherwise will lose the advantage that high accuracy is treated.
For cornea coupling and aligning itself, can adopt multiple technologies, adopt the actual image or the manifold numeral of iris of iris.In recognition system based on the iris unique property, these technology have been adopted, as people such as Wildes on November 5th, 1996 disclosed name be called " non-intruding iris authentication system and method automatically, ", assign to the U.S. Patent No. 5 of the David Sarnoff Research Center company of the Princeton of New Jersey, 572,596 and people such as Flom on February 3rd, 1987 disclosed name be called the U.S. Patent No. 4 of " iris authentication system ", 641,349, these two patents are drawn as a whole at this and are done reference.Last Patent publish the adjusting ratio, the rotation and translation; The latter has discussed the various features that can be used for mating admirably and discerning iris, and the control mechanism that can be used for relative gamma camera adjusting iris position has been discussed.In one embodiment of the invention, can use another kind of similar technology aiming laser system 106.Similarly, Daugman is disclosed on March 1st, 1994, assign to the Iri Scan company of the Mount Laurel of New Jersey, name is called the U.S. Patent No. 5 of " based on people's recognition system of the biometrics of iris analysis ", 291,560 (this draw as a whole do with reference to) in, " the optics marking " that iris provided further has been discussed.In order to aim at rather than the strict purpose of discerning, these patents and other Image Matching well known in the art and characteristic matching technology have been adopted.
Perhaps in addition, the gamma camera 154 of laser system 106 can receive the image of iris I, then this image is presented on the screen.Can carry out overlappingly then to iris pictorial data 148, allow internist, technician or other health workers manually to aim at or regulate laser system 106, the perhaps target of verification system 106.
Referring to Fig. 5, understand the iris I of eye E in more detail, express and how to adopt special characteristic to make to be complementary by (or she) previous iris image of storing of treatment patient's eye E and he.For example, can adopt the one group of point 200 that is used to define such as the circular feature of collarattes, can also adopt concentric groove 202 or radial groove 204 as descriptor.Described operable other features in the U.S. Patent No. 4,641,349 of the Flom of reference in front, these features comprise pigment point, folliculus, ischemic area, tumor and congenital filament.Similarly, also pupil can be used for the iris coupling, for example as center reference point, thus the position of rotation of iris characteristic definition eyes.The complexity that for example depends on the treatment that applies can adopt still less or more feature.If treatment is rotational symmetric, as the treatment for pure myopia or hypermetropia, swing offset is nonsensical, and therefore pupil is provided with central point relatively.But, can adopt more detailed feature before treatment, more accurately to aim at eye E for the treatment of bigger complexity.Perhaps, artificial feature can be applied on the eye E, be used for the location, labelling is included in the iris region.For example, if before this laser labelling healing, treat, can on eye E, produce three laser labellings.For example, the labelling of the heat label form that is produced by holmium (Holmium) laser instrument is with in the information that relevant eye rotation and translation are provided before the surgical operation or during the surgical operation.Also estimated multiple mark shape.As shown in the figure, for example in Fig. 5 A, radially the labelling 201 of Yan Shening can provide eye motion and aligned data.As shown in the figure, parameter 203 is for example represented the sclera border or by such as sensation instrument (Sensomotoric Instruments), the ash mark that the iris identification program that Teltow (Germany) provides is determined distributes.Labelling 201 have one be looped around near the eye E approximate center nearly source section 201 ' and away from the source far away section 201 of the nearly nearly source of source Duan Bingyu section 201 ' on same straight line ".As can be seen, radial markings 201 laterally strides across border 203.Will appreciate that also promptly when rising baffle plate in the LASIK process, labelling will have can descried enough sizes in refracting process.Perhaps, this labelling may comprise suitable dyestuff, especially visible the or detectable dyestuff that can be seen by infrared camera in infrared light.By this dyestuff that condenses after using, this dyestuff and be applied to the shrink collagen protein of perhaps condensing can further be used as tattoo with this dyestuff.In addition, can use the mixture of dyestuff and special glue.During refracting process, this dyestuff and based on the labelling of dyestuff will be visible/detectable.If pupil amplifies, this labelling should be at least 15 minutes after using, and keep as seen in preferably up to one hour/detectable.This is to cause ocular aberrations owing to find amplification, eliminates for the aberration that amplification is caused and pass through time enough.Then, can begin diagnosis algorithm, treat afterwards.In addition, except iris I, can use other identification divisions of the visible surface of eyes.In all these technology, the feature that adopts the eye E visible part is in treatment that diagnostic system is drafted and impose between the actual therapeutic of eye E and align.
Referring to Fig. 6, illustrated on the basis of the image of the actual iris I that laser system 106 is received and can carry out multiple adjusting required treatment.Refer again to Fig. 2 C, provide formed treatment 144, be used to control laser system 106 as required treatment pattern 146.Use will be treated pattern 146 from the relevant reference iris pictorial data 148 of diagnostic tool and be aimed at patient's eye E.Pupil gamma camera 154 by laser system 106 provides iris image 206, and offers control system 156.Control system 156 compares with iris image 206 with visual 148 or from the descriptor that this image produces.On basis relatively, multiple scaling function is imposed on required treatment 146.For example, on the basis of actual iris image 206 overall dimensions, because diagnostic tool 100 or 102 focal lengths different with laser system 106 may be determined reduce this treatment in proportion.Regulate 208 in proportion thereby calculate and apply, produce the treatment of regulating 210.Then, can determine that the new required treatment of regulating 210 must be by translation and rotation, shown in translation and rotation function 212.This imposes on the required treatment 210 of adjusting conversely, produces actual treatment 214.Laser system 106 uses these data to carry out actual treatment then.
In addition, if control system 156 has enough computing functions, may all suitably rotate and translation emission (being laser pulse) each time.If for example eye E shows significantly dynamically rotation and motion in therapeutic process, it is desirable doing like this.Then, can follow the tracks of iris image 206, regulatory function shown in Figure 6 208 and 212 is dynamically imposed on each specific emission or successive emission in the required treatment pattern 146.In this way, can regulate the motion of eye E in pointwise ground.This technology can be combined with the aiming laser technology of PCT/EP95/01287, make before applying emission the physical location of determining each emission or the relative iris image 206 of a series of emission.
Thereby, in an embodiment of the present invention, any diagnostic instruments and gamma camera or other imagers can be installed together, obtain resembling or other characteristics of eyes appearance of pupil, iris, and output is equivalent to this visual data.Then, when carrying out dioptric when treatment, the excimer laser treatment of for example using in LASIK compares the actual image of image (or its distinctive composition) and pupil, iris or the eyes stored, aim at laser instrument, make treatment will as accurate calculating.
In an example of the present invention, the method for having described eye alignment and characterization as described below.
One labelling is provided in the selection area of patient's eye.Multiple type and shape have been described in description, have included but not limited to thermic labelling, radial markings and dye marker.Obtain first image of patient's eye when pupil does not amplify, thereby this image comprises the image of iris and this labelling.Preferably, this image is the infrared imagery that obtains with infrared camera, but the visible light image also is fit to.Therefore, this labelling will be suitable in infrared light, seeing/or detect.Change by light intensity then or chemically make platycoria, obtain the pupil that comprises amplification of eyes and be marked in second image.Obtained the diagnostic measures of the eyes of magnifying state, diagnostic measures is preferably wave-front optical aberration measurement, perhaps can be profile or other dioptric diagnostic measures.The system that uses a computer then forms the anaclasis treatment from this diagnostic measures, is used for the correction of refractive errors of patient's eye.If use dyestuff to serve as a mark, be preferably in apply dyestuff after this dyestuff at least 15 minutes, preferably in one hour time, keep visible and/or detectable, perhaps have the sufficiently long time to eliminate and amplify the aberration that is caused.
According to the present invention, by aiming at second image that image and first obtained, preferably by comparing the labelling in each image, perhaps by comparing other corresponding characteristics in each image, this method can have other application.Similar to other aspects of the present invention described herein, by aiming at the labelling on diagnostic measures and the patient's eye, realized the development of anaclasis treatment.In one aspect of the invention, alignment procedures can be provided by the iris patterns identification that provides by computer system.Be known in the art also and can buy multiple iris patterns identification software.
After obtaining second image, the doctor can select to carry out immediately in real time resulting anaclasis treatment.In this case, eyes resemble the pupil that comprises amplification, thereby in second image, do not have the iris image that can compare and contrast with first image that is obtained.Therefore, usage flag is correlated with in each image, standardization or alignment image and dioptric or the diagnostic tool relevant with those images.Perhaps, can postpone a few hours, a couple of days etc. are carried out the anaclasis treatment of eyes, and treat optional the time.In this case, another image that preferably comprises the patient's eye of iris image by the acquisition of dioptric instrument, be used to obtain the light excision laser system that visual dioptric instrument for example comprises pupil or iris gamma camera, pupil or iris gamma camera be infrared camera preferably.Before treatment, on the basis of diagnostic measures, this image is aimed at first iris image that is obtained, and in conjunction with formed treatment.Certainly, by image storage, digitized etc. can be verified formed diagnoses and treatment, diagnostic tool, and the aligning of dioptric instrument or its combination in any, and can should aim at by display system and be shown to the doctor easily.
The system that is used to carry out the aligning discussed the front and anaclasis treatment comprises that the most basic being used to obtains to comprise first gamma camera of first image of the iris image of eyes, one those of ordinary skills are understood is used to carry out wavefront, profile is measured, the dioptric diagnostic instruments of thickness measure or other dioptric diagnostic measures, one can provide formed anaclasis treatment, preferably include a laser system that is used to obtain second gamma camera of another image of eyes, one is used to form and aims at and this laser system, the computer system of the anaclasis treatment that first gamma camera is relevant with diagnostic tool, and one suitably be connected with the miscellaneous part of system, is used to carry out the control system of anaclasis treatment.In one aspect of the invention, comprise that further one is used to obtain comprise that the second dioptric diagnostic instruments of another visual gamma camera of eyes of iris image also can constitute parts of whole system.It is more favourable that display system also is connected to whole system.
Referring to Fig. 7 and 8A-8B, the image of the previous iris I that obtains is adopted in expression, guarantee laser therapy with calculating and the treatment suitable aligned a kind of alternative technology that distributes.Generally, the display 252 that the gamma camera 154 of laser system 106 is provided among Fig. 8 A key diagram 2C.The iris I pictorial data 250 that the left side is obtained when being to use the dioptric diagnostic tool to determine the ametropia characteristic of eye E.Formed and the 250 aligned treatments distributions of this iris I pictorial data from these data.On the right side of display 252, the real-time iris I image 254 that returns for the gamma camera 154 of laser system 106.As can be seen, compare with the pictorial data 250 that is obtained, real-time image 254 rotates non-aligned slightly.This just provides a chance of aiming at patient's eye E again for the doctor, produces correct aligned real-time iris I image 256 in Fig. 8 B.Preferably, this display comprises reference axis, allows the doctor to determine that at an easy rate rotation is non-aligned.For example, this system can also provide a cursor, and the doctor can be placed on cursor on the recognition feature, so that accurately determine the position of rotation of this axle relatively.
Fig. 7 illustrates the step of the system alignment iris that uses Fig. 8 A and 8B.At first, in step 260, show the iris I pictorial data 250 that is obtained.Simultaneously, the real-time image 254 that in step 262, shows iris I.When excimer laser system 106 is that the doctor encourages this eye tracker in step 264 so when adopting the Keracor 217 of eye tracker, aim at the center of real-time image 254.Eye tracking system on the Keracor 217 provides iris I centrally aligned, but the rotary alignment of iris is not provided.
Advance to step 266, on data 250 that obtained and real-time image 254, all show an axle.The doctor compares the image on the screen then, and determines to aim at two necessary rotation amounts of image of iris I.The doctor rotates eye E then, makes the real-time iris I image 256 relative iris pictorial data that obtains 250 rotations.The doctor can manually finish this rotation, as use absorption ring (suction ring) or by reorientating patient's head.In addition, by treating the rotation translation that distributes by the amount that the doctor measured, this system can provide " virtual " rotation of patient's eye E.In any case, the eye tracking system at first provides the center of real-time iris I image 254, and the doctor realizes comparing the rotary alignment of iris I image 256 with measured pictorial data 250 then.
Referring to Fig. 9 A and 9B, express the technology that is used to form axle shown in Fig. 8 A and the 8B.Especially, shown in Fig. 9 A, express iris image 270 corresponding to the axle in the laser system.In this case, by from left to right on X-axis, scanning sighting system apace, produce axle apace with other visible aiming beams.Therefore, when the retaining doctor observed Fig. 8 A visual, the sighting system by laser instrument itself was producing axle on the iris I image 254 in real time, and this sighting system and the system that is used for aiming beam are same sighting systems.Thereby, will know the X-axis that laser instrument is real, because the aiming beam of sighting system scanning has produced this X-axis.
Referring to Fig. 9 B, sighting system and display or the aligned another kind of technology of optical system with laser instrument have been described.Suppose in Fig. 9 B, in the optical system of laser instrument, perhaps on the eye tracker gamma camera of laser instrument, express pupil 274 once more, but scanning on the aiming beam online 276, and the X-axis of line 276 and optical system or eye tracker accurately is not straight line.The technician can make the aiming beam 276 of scanning aim at the X-axis of optical system and eye tracking system, the aiming beam 276 of scanning is registered to the X-axis 278 of optical system and eye tracking system reality.Then, a line can be superimposed upon in the eye tracking system, perhaps can in optical system, form a line corresponding to the actual X-axis of laser pointing system.In addition, can be by this aiming beam of scanning on X-axis periodically checking aim at, guarantee in optical system or on eye tracking system video display, the aiming beam of this scanning mates with aiming axis.Can regulate similarly and verify that translation X-Y aims at.
Utilize a plurality of diagnosis of polytype data alignment and therapy system
With reference to Figure 10, another kind of technology is described, wherein not only obtain the image of iris I, also obtain the data of other types, distribute so that in multiple systems, aim at the refraction data or the treatment that are obtained.The aligned data that is obtained by profile measuring system 500, wavefront system 502 and laser system 504 especially has been described in Figure 10.If wavefront system 502 is having difficulties aspect the acquisition iris I pictorial data, perhaps need obtain to amplify eyes fully before the wave front data, disclosed technology allows not use these data and aims at.In this case, in one embodiment, the doctor at first forms a reference marker 506 on eyes, and this labelling 506 is as the labelling of the profile rotary alignment of relative iris 508 then.Wavefront system is obtained wavefront aberration data, and pupil outline data 508 and reference marker 506.
Then, adopt profile measuring system 500.But, profile measuring system 500 has obtained really by the represented iris pictorial data of iris pictorial data 510.It has also obtained the formed reference marker 514 corresponding to reference marker 506 of profile and front of iris 512.Shown in image 516, obtain this two images simultaneously, thereby this profile measuring system 500 at iris image 510, but keep the reference of translation and rotation between iris profile 512 and the relevant reference marker 514, and obtain shape data itself.In addition, profile measuring system 500 can not be based on iris 512 based on iris image 510 profile and rotary reference labelling 514 combine its data with wavefront system 502, just, profile measuring system 500 and wavefront system 502, when their data of combination when forming the correction of refractive errors process, at the iris profile 512 and 508 that is obtained, and the data of aiming at them on the basis of rotary reference labelling 514 and 506.
Preferably also preserve iris image 510, make when calculating therapeutic process, can be with reference to this iris image 510.Then, laser system 504 is used this iris image 510, aims at the real-time iris image 518 that laser system 504 is obtained.
Therefore, laser system 504 adopts iris image 518 own, wavefront system 502 adopts the profile of the iris image 508 with reference marker 506, because the profile measuring system adopts both, profile measuring system 500 and wavefront system 502 initial diagnosis data between the two can be aligned, when laser system 504 was carried out excision, the treatment on this data basis distributed and also is aligned.
When initial, adopt profile measuring system 500 and wavefront system 502 to obtain diagnostic data, and when only adopting laser system 504 afterwards, this may be particularly useful.The obtained interim reference marker as with reference to labelling 514 and 506 can be applied on the eyes, as use medical pen.Though this labelling may disappear when using laser system 504 afterwards, owing to the same iris image 510 that obtains constantly that obtains reference markers 514 in profile measuring system 500, laser system 504 can adopt its iris that oneself obtains image 518 to aim at and treat.
In addition, might not need reference marker itself.If adopt wavefront system 502 and profile measuring system 500 simultaneously, perhaps under patient's eyes or a motionless condition, use, can suppose the rotary alignment that has kept correct so.Then, wavefront system 502 only needs to obtain the profile of iris 508, obtains the profile of iris 512 simultaneously with profile measuring system 500.These can be by the eyes of immobilized patients, perhaps the head of immobilized patients and under the condition of patient's head still two diagnostic systems are moved to suitable position and realize.If use this technology, may further need adopt the rotary reference image, shown in the sailing boat described in following Figure 13, rotary alignment between the eyes when further guaranteeing to use wavefront system 502 and profile measuring system 500.
May carry out multiple reconfiguring to this design.Referring to Figure 11 A, profile measuring system 520 is obtained iris data 522, and also obtains astigmatism axle 524 as its partial analysis function.Then, wavefront system 526 also obtains wave front data, but does not obtain the iris image, but surveys by iris profile shown in the circle 528.This wavefront system is also obtained astigmatism axle 530.Then, the Data Matching of using those astigmatism axles that profile measuring system 520 and wavefront system 526 are obtained.As the another kind of possible situation of this technology, shown in Figure 11 B, a circle illumination diode 532 is installed on wavefront system 502.The pupil gamma camera of wavefront system 502 obtains the reflection by image 534 represented these diodes.On the distored basis of those lighting positions of illumination diode circle 532, obtain as image 534, obtain the relevant astigmatism of the astigmatism axle that obtained with profile detection system 520 524 spools 536 once more.This just provides the additional basis that makes from the data calibration of profile measuring system 520 and wavefront system 526.In addition, in this case, astigmatism axle is all based on the astigmatism that ocular surface produced, rather than whole refractive errors of the eyes that obtained of wavefront system 526 wavefront excision distribution.
Other selectable technology comprise a system, wherein two images are superposeed.In addition, comprise that foregoing cursor positioning and the software for the treatment of distribution are rotated in interior multiple user interface tool and can assist a physician.
In addition, do not need to use continuously iris data or other aligned data.Iris data can be used as initial alignment tools, in diagnostic analysis or dioptric therapeutic process, can use other more simple aligned technology then, as the position of independent iris.Just, can use iris data to set up rotary alignment, can use the profile of iris during treating, to keep translation alignment then.In addition, in dioptric analysis or therapeutic process, depend on disposal ability, " selective examination " rotary alignment periodically is even also be like this when keeping translation alignment on the basis of the profile of iris own.
Patient and eyes checking
As additional spin-off, when the patient lies down and survey iris I image (Fig. 2 C and 5), the iris matching algorithm not only can be determined the translation, calibration, rotation and the inclination that are complementary with actual iris image 206, and can verify the eye E that is undergoing surgery.Thereby the iris matching algorithm plays the effect of fail safe mechanism, guarantees that specific laser therapy is suitable treatment for this patient rather than another patient.Equally, it plays the effect of fail safe mechanism, even two irises of single patient have different character, also guarantees specific eye E to be undergone surgery.These fail safe mechanism are particularly useful in distributed system, wherein obtain diagnostic message in primary importance, form treatment in the second position, implement treatment afterwards in the 3rd position.If can not mate the characteristic of iris, this system can provide warning.
Similar to the aiming of laser system 106, can use iris pictorial data 148 to be superimposed upon and finish checking automatically or manually from the display of the iris image of gamma camera 154.
Wave front detector
Referring to Figure 12, the block chart of best wave front detector 300 has been described.Wave front detector with Williams on wave front detector 300 principles is identical, is particularly useful the focus of its hot spot that is used for determining the eyes wave front aberration on receiving iris data and sharpening detector but wave front detector 300 comprises that some feature makes.Usually wave front detector 300 focuses on or scans (being generally laser) to light on the retina of eyes, analyzes then by crystalline lens and eye's cornea Optical devices and returns (promptly from the retina backscatter) and by the light of microlens array imaging.On the basis of optical aberration, this system forms total wave front aberration from back light in the Optical devices of eyes.Usually, in order to analyze, this back light becomes by lenticule gamma camera formed aerial imagery on the detector of lenticule gamma camera.From these images, wave front detector forms and must apply how many corrigent wave front aberration figure to the optical system of eyes, produces normally or be in close proximity to normal vision by it.
Carry out orientation for the eye E to the patient correctly, as shown in figure 12, two 660 nanometer laser diodes 302 are aimed at eye E at an angle.When patient's eye E goes up when the hot spot of laser diode 302 is merged into single hot spot, by output beam, patient or the others of suitable adjusting wave front detector 300 (or 102), laser diode 302 Optical devices of these light beams (or guide), eye E is positioned in or is in approx the accurate focal distance place of wave front detector 300 (or 102).Perhaps, rotate patient's eye E rightly by the iris image of visually watching eye E, search out the correct focal length of wave front detector 300, so that less total exposure to eye E by doctor, technician or other health worker.In this case, do not need laser diode 302.One light source, eye illumination 304 provide the light that is used for the following pupil gamma camera of being discussed 328.
In case eye E is correctly aimed at, it receives the light that light source 306 (for example laser diode is exported laser diode as 780 nanometers) sends along the light path to eye E.Preferably, laser diode 306 has a not only output setting (being two or more power modes), at least one is in and is used to aim at the lower-wattage that focuses on initialization, and at least one is in the higher-wattage that the detector (for example lenticule gamma camera) 312 that is used for below being discussed produces a plurality of speckle images.For example, typically low and higher-wattage is respectively 0.5 μ W and 30 μ W.These power depend on a number of factors, and how long have stayed open under higher-wattage as laser diode 306.
A part of light beam from laser diode 306 is at first reflected (for example 80% transmission, 20% reflection) by beam splitter 308.Institute's beam reflected is passed polarization beam apparatus 310, has finally improved from the signal to noise ratio (or signal intensity) of the backscattered light of being surveyed by lenticule gamma camera 312 at last of the retina of eyes, as following discussion.Beam splitter 310 makes the light polarization that is received from laser diode 306, sees through the line polarized light along a direction usually, and is reflected in the light that aspect is not polarized.This polarized light passes a trombone prism 314 that is used to regulate from the focus of light on the retina of eye E of laser diode 306 then, and being incident on the retina light of backscatter on microlens array simultaneously also will be by correctly or approximately correctly focus on.From mirror 316 reflections that are reflected of the light of trombone prism 314, pass beam splitter 318 (for example 20% reflection, 80% transmission), then by a λ/4 wave plates 320.This λ/4 wave plates 320 are oriented and can produce basic circularly polarized light by line polarized light.Will appreciate that the importance of this point below the discussion to the back-scattered light that turns back to polarization beam apparatus 310 from eye E.
After passing through a λ/4 wave plates 320, light is focused on the retina of eye E.This light is from retina backscatter or reflection, and backscattered hot spot passes the optics of eye E backward on retina then, as crystalline lens and cornea.On return path, wave plate 320 postpones circular polarization image light once more, produces and the vertical line polarized light of incident ray polarized light that passes through wave plate 320 as previously discussed for the first time.A part of then vertical polarized light passes beam splitter 318, from reflecting mirror 316 reflections, passes prism 314 backward, turns back to polarization beam apparatus 310 then.At this moment, the only vertical polarization of all or major part, and therefore be polarized beam splitter 310 reflections basically, the mirror 322 that is reflected then reflexes in the lenticule imaging gamma camera 312.Regulate gamma camera 323 for the part back light is entered, further discuss below, wave plate 320 can tilt and/or rotation (for example rotating about 5 degree) from its preferential orientation.In this embodiment, regulating light that gamma camera 323 received will have to be substantially perpendicular to and return polarization state of light.Except the preferential orientation from wave plate 320 tilts or rotating wave plate 320, regulate beyond the gamma camera 323 so that Returning beam offered, can imagine that other comprises the optics that changes light path and wave front detector 300 (or 102), and be included in the mechanism within the scope of the invention.For example, reflecting mirror 322 can be a kind of device with adjustably transmissive rate and reflectance, as liquid-crystal apparatus, but and can be provided with and regulates gamma camera and any focus optics receives the part that sees through adjusting device in the back light.In this embodiment, unnecessary use beam splitter 308, but and the light that adjusting device received will have substantially the same or parallel polarization state with Returning beam.
Preferably a kind of charge-coupled device (CCD) gamma camera of lenticule gamma camera 312, TM-9701 as the Pulnix manufacturing, this gamma camera comprises a microlens array 324, but the gamma camera that can use other type and other sampling Optical devices (comprise and gamma camera isolating Optical devices) similar to microlens array 324.For example, can use the ICX039DLA gamma camera of Sony as lenticule gamma camera 312 and pupil gamma camera 328.The Returning beam that microlens array 324 is reflected according to reflecting mirror 322 is gone up at the light-sensitive element (for example ccd array) of lenticule gamma camera 312 and is formed aerial video.Wave plate 320 helps to reduce undesired backscatter of institute or amount of stray light, improves the contrast of signal intensity or aerial video.324 pairs of segment beams that pass the optics of eye E at first of microlens array focus on, and make aberration effect before the echo can determine eye E, similar to disclosed in the Williams.About this point, in case determined the wave front aberration of eye E, thereby determined phase error, just they can be converted to needed excision distributes, be used to remove cornea tissue so that correct or improve vision by the parameter of eye E (for example refractive index of eye E parts, and/or other parameter) with due regard to.A kind ofly be used for determining that the technology that suitably distributes is simply to calibrate wave front data, make the data of calibration be equivalent to the amount of the tissue that need remove from patient's cornea usually.Laser system can be removed this tissue distribution from cornea then.Can adopt the labelling on the eye E, help in obtaining the Wavefront detecting data procedures, to aim at eye E.
Preferably, microlens array 324 is proximate 25 * 25 lenticular arrays, and each is 600 square microns, as the 0600-40-S of Adaptive Optics Associates company limited manufacturing.This lenslet dimension is less than noted earlier 5,777, lenticular size described in 719 patents and other system because below the parts of the wave front detector 300 discussed are offered the enhanced light intensity of lenticule gamma camera 312, allows the small size lenticule.The light path of wave front detector shown in Figure 12 300 also may comprise lens 326 groups of (for example four lens) and diaphragm or the apertures 327 (allowing to change beam sizes) that are generally illumination, imaging and focus optics, and the optical element that may exist other for the sake of clarity to be omitted.For example, in one embodiment of the invention, the focal length of one or two battery of lens 326 can be changed, focal length may be shortened to adapt to the littler width of light beam that enters microlens array 324 about trombone focus prism 314.In another embodiment, can change the possible dioptometry scope of carrying out, for example, regulate the NATURAL DISTRIBUTION of bad vision comprehensively, perhaps select patient crowd by suitably selecting the lens 326 of laser instrument 306 fronts with wave front detector 300 (or 102).A kind of method that realizes this function is that lens 326 (for example one-5 diopter lens) are arranged on laser diode 306 fronts, makes that laser beam no longer is parallel.This just provides certain diopter that can be used for using wave front detector 300 (or 102) to detect patient's eyes to depart from.In a non-binding example, can change bent optical range, as one of ordinary skill in understanding, be adjusted to asymmetrical-13 to+3 diopters from symmetric-8 to+8 diopters with asymmetric design with symmetric design.This can realize under the condition of the parameter that does not change trombone focus prism 314 (or other tuner) and/or Optical devices.
Replace the position of lens 326, lens 338 can be moved in the light path of lenticule gamma camera 312.Can use the total size that the wave front detector 300 that is obtained is regulated in some positions in the light path of lenticule gamma camera 312.Will appreciate that, be movable to appropriate location and the lens 326 or 338 that move to the out of position, reduced necessary " eccentric throw " length of trombone by employing.In addition, laser diode 306 is common himself has some inherent " astigmatism ".It can be aimed at the astigmatism of finding in patient's eye E usually, increase the total size of wave front detector 300 once more.Especially, find that this astigmatism and typical patient astigmatism are consistent, and lenticule gamma camera 312 and accordingly wave front detector 300 softwares can consider this intrinsic astigmatism, the bigger scattered-light scope of determining is provided.
Shown pupil gamma camera 328 receives (for example 20%) light from beam splitter 318 reflections.Pupil gamma camera 328 preferably by with the discussion of following technique of alignment in the similar or identical control system (not illustrating among the figure) of the control system discussed 156 be provided for the iris pictorial data 132 of iris image 136.In order to compare, to handling, and finally form aberration data from the data of lenticule gamma camera 312.
Pupil gamma camera 328 is arranged in the light path between eye E and the trombone prism 314, no matter the change of the remainder focal length of the system that is used for focusing on retina all allows pupil gamma camera 328 to focus on the pupil and iris of eye E.Thereby pupil gamma camera 328 can be independent of the degree of depth and the corresponding distance from the retina to the iris of eye E, and forms the image clearly on the surface of eye E.
Stare target
Wave front detector 300 (with 102) also is used as the image of staring target 334, as shown in figure 10.Stare target 334 and thrown light on, and the permission patient watches attentively and focuses on when adjusting gamma camera 323 focuses on the retina by prism 314 by light source 336.It is more useful staring target 334 when the adjusting by trombone Optical devices 314 is focused on the detector of lenticule gamma camera 312 from the aerial video of microlens array 324.This system has advantageously provided the image of staring target 334, and indefiniteness example is the sailing boat on the water surface shown in Figure 10, and is not simple fixation point.Stare the actual object or the scenery of figure lamellar that focuses on of brain that target 334 presents to eye E and patient or actual picture image or scenery-see by eye E thereon.Usually focusing on a point with the flaky picture focusing of figure eye E ratio is easier to realize.The image of staring target allows eye E to focus on unlimited distance, as image a long way off, helps to eliminate or reduce the influence of eye E adjusting and rotation when focusing on aerial video or obtaining the wave front detector data.In other words, the image of staring target prevents, helps perhaps to prevent to a certain extent that eye E is from focusing on less than unlimited distance.
Stare target image and impel eye E to rotate to its " normally " turned position, thereby the rotation error of diagnostic analysis is minimized.Therefore, by staring target 334, eye E limits a rotatable reference frame relatively.The asymmetric image that can watch at infinity eye E focus place as the sailing boat among Figure 10, better is to help eye E to stare target 334 relatively to keep normal or predetermined rotatable position, also is like this even head slightly moves.In conjunction with the identification of the iris of foregoing eye E, the rotatable position that target 334 also can be used for regulating eye E is stared in location and aiming at.Same image can be used for according to other parts of the present invention, can be used for diagnosis and treatment, eliminate or minimizing adjusting or rotation problem.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that, can use polytype parts that the device that is provided in the wave front detector 300 (or 102) is provided and have disclosed advantage, and may use multiple optical texture to form other embodiments of the invention.For example, high strength collimated light source, or a plurality of light source, for example a low-power and a high-power light source can replace laser diode 306.Regulate gamma camera 323 and can be arranged in the light path of reflecting mirror 322, the microlens array 324 of lenticule gamma camera 312 can have more or less lenticule according to needs or according to design.In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that all these parts are subjected to the control such as the control system of microcomputer usually.In the scope of the invention and spirit, also has multiple other design.
Conclusion
Foregoing disclosure of the present invention and explanation are schematic and exemplary, and can carry out multiple change to the details of illustrated device and structure and operational approach under the condition that does not depart from spirit of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. the system of a dioptric treatment that is used to aim at laser system and eyes and be used for these eyes comprises:
One first gamma camera is used to obtain first image of the iris image that comprises eyes;
One dioptric diagnostic instruments provides the wavefront, profile and the thickness measure that interrelate with this first gamma camera wherein one of at least;
One laser system can provide the dioptric treatment, comprises second gamma camera that is used to obtain another image of eyes;
One computer system is used to draft the dioptric treatment that interrelates with this laser system, this first gamma camera and this diagnostic instruments, and is used to aim at this laser system and this eyes; And
One control system is used to implement the dioptric treatment that this laser system interrelates of unifying with this department of computer science.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19950791A DE19950791A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Image alignment in ophthalmic refractive surgery systems for refractive treatment of eye involves aligning two images of eye having spatial relationship, for performing refractive treatment |
| DE19950790.2 | 1999-10-21 | ||
| DE19950791.0 | 1999-10-21 | ||
| DE19950790A DE19950790A1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 1999-10-21 | Eye refractive profile developing method for ophthalmic refractive surgery, involves developing refractive course of treatment of eye from determined corneal topography and wavefront aberration |
| DE10014479A DE10014479A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2000-03-23 | Image alignment in ophthalmic refractive surgery systems for refractive treatment of eye involves aligning two images of eye having spatial relationship, for performing refractive treatment |
| DE10014479.9 | 2000-03-23 |
Related Parent Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB008144621A Division CN100362975C (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-20 | Iris recognition and tracking for optical treatment |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101219077A CN101219077A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
| CN101219077B true CN101219077B (en) | 2011-09-07 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN2007101700824A Expired - Lifetime CN101219077B (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2000-10-20 | Iris recognition and tracking for optical treatment |
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| CN (1) | CN101219077B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19950790A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10323422B4 (en) | 2002-08-23 | 2022-05-05 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Device and method for measuring an optical breakthrough in a tissue |
| DE10333558A1 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2005-03-17 | Technovision Gmbh | Corneal keratoscopy based on a corneal wavefront measurement |
| DE102004018628A1 (en) * | 2004-04-16 | 2005-11-03 | Carl Zeiss Meditec Ag | Device and method for detecting eye movements |
| US11090190B2 (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2021-08-17 | Lensar, Inc. | Iris registration method and system |
| DE102009010467A1 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-09 | Carl Zeiss Vision Gmbh | Method and device for determining the position of the ocular pivot point |
| EP2309307B1 (en) * | 2009-10-08 | 2020-12-09 | Tobii Technology AB | Eye tracking using a GPU |
| EP3434234A1 (en) * | 2011-03-25 | 2019-01-30 | LensAR, Inc. | System and method for measuring and correcting astigmatism using laser generated corneal incisions |
| SG10201703780SA (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-06-29 | Annmarie Hipsley | Systems and methods for affecting the biomechanical properties of connective tissue |
| EP3081163B1 (en) * | 2015-04-12 | 2021-10-20 | Taiwan Biophotonic Corporation | Module, device and method for optical measurement |
| US10092397B2 (en) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-10-09 | Verily Life Sciences Llc | Infrared communication with an opthalmic device |
| CN107544160B (en) * | 2017-10-26 | 2019-02-19 | 李迎 | A kind of ophthalmic refractive correcting instrument |
| CN112558751B (en) * | 2019-09-25 | 2022-07-01 | 武汉市天蝎科技有限公司 | Sight tracking method of intelligent glasses based on MEMS and optical waveguide lens |
| CN112731405B (en) * | 2021-01-04 | 2023-12-29 | 中国航空制造技术研究院 | Online ultrasonic measurement method and processing method for aircraft wall panel |
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1999
- 1999-10-21 DE DE19950790A patent/DE19950790A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2000
- 2000-10-20 CN CN2007101700824A patent/CN101219077B/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN101219077A (en) | 2008-07-16 |
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