CN101210792A - Method for controlling mine rock blasting slungshot and steel chain net for covering blast hole - Google Patents
Method for controlling mine rock blasting slungshot and steel chain net for covering blast hole Download PDFInfo
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- CN101210792A CN101210792A CNA2007103000291A CN200710300029A CN101210792A CN 101210792 A CN101210792 A CN 101210792A CN A2007103000291 A CNA2007103000291 A CN A2007103000291A CN 200710300029 A CN200710300029 A CN 200710300029A CN 101210792 A CN101210792 A CN 101210792A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a blasting technique used in open-pit mining and earth-rock excavation. A fly rock control method used in rock blasting comprises the following steps of: drilling according to the conventional method and equipment, filling explosives, placing a priming material, sealing a blast hole, covering each blast hole and each blast free surface with at least one layer of a steel chain mesh which is formed by the connection of hollow sealed main chains made of steel bars with a diameter of 8-14 mm and connecting rings, and blasting. The steel chain mesh is formed by joining the hollow sealed main chains in a certain quantity with the connecting rings in order. The inventive fly rock control method can efficiently control the production and spread of blast fly rocks, reduce the requirement for safe distance in blasting, reduce the investment and cost for safety control in open-air blasting, enlarge the application field and range of blasting technique, and realize the priority of open-pit mining with less engineering investment and low ore loss rate and ore dilution rate.
Description
One, technical field: the present invention relates to the blasting technique in a kind of surface mine exploitation and the earthwork evacuation engineering, particularly relate to the blasting flyrock control method of a kind of surface mine exploitation and other various open-air earthwork evacuation engineerings.
Two, background technology: in the our times scope in the open to ore exploit with other excavation project in, still general with the explosive blasting method because its technology is the most ripe; Cost is the cheapest; Engineering is most effective; It is also the most convenient to construct.But explosive blasting certainly leads to the ore deposit rock fragment phenomenon (following general designation blasting flyrock) of dispersing, and blasting flyrock can disperse beyond hundreds of rice.In order to guarantee the blow-up point safety of personnel, livestock and building on every side, each state has all stipulated the requirement of different explosions to safe distance, and " shotfiring safety rules " (GB 6722-2003) of China's revision in 2003 also has clear and definite regulation to safe distance.Under some particular shot environment,, have to expensive agent explosion, heating power explosion, the waterinfusion blasting of rising of splashing for guaranteeing safety ... Deng or adopt the Mechanical Crushing etc. of inefficiency.Even often bursting work is carried out in appearance violation " shotfiring safety rules ", and the situation of security incident takes place.
Each designing institute of current China is in the open in the mining Design of ore deposit, all determine safe distance during delineation strip mining transformation shotfiring safety fence coverage by the pertinent regulations of " shotfiring safety rules ", mainly be because all require to exploit during the ore deposit design in the open of the required safe distance of blasting flyrock boundary to extrapolation 200m to 400m, eliminate the purpose that blasting flyrock causes damage and injures peripheral buildings or structures, equipment and personnel to reach, thus the generation of control security incident.Like this, owing to all will protect, move or take over the land for use to the buildings or structures in the blast warning scope, thereby cause construction investment huge, but make many open cut ore mines excessive because of resettlement and land purchase capital expenditure, and be forced to change into underground mining, cause the increase of ore resource loss late, rate of dilution increase and cost of winning.
Domestic also have many medium and small mines and some interim ground blasting engineerings (as build the road, levelling of the land etc.) for the expense of reducing cost, not according to relevant rules operation, to cause smashing the generation of building and people, animal casualty accident when adopting explosive blasting.Satisfying under the prerequisites to the safe distance requirement such as shotfiring safety rules borehole blasting earthquake, air-shock wave and toxic gas, generation by the controlled blasting slungshot and disperse and reduce required safe distance, whenever reduce resettlement and expropriation of land scope that 1m can significantly reduce buildings or structures, save construction investment, reduce investment of open-air work shotfiring safety and cost.
Chinese invention patent ZL 97116024.4 (August 1 calendar year 2001 Granted publication day, notification number CN1069130C) a kind of intermediate solid elastic fluid controlled blasting method is disclosed, this method is to stack the intermediate solid elastic fluid at the inwall of container type or thin wall type structure or outer wall, it stacks height more than or equal to required explosion height, and the explosion total charge is that the unit explosive payload and the powder charge datum level gross area are long-pending.Can reduce earthquake and cause harm, reduce the harm of blown sands slungshot, reduce explosion wave and noise, time saving and energy saving, have better economic, social benefit.This invention only is confined to the explosion thing of container type or thin wall type structure, does not have general applicability, and other is not also put down in writing by the document of mechanical means controlled blasting slungshot.
Three, summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the prior art deficiency, rock burst broken slungshot control method in a kind of ore deposit is proposed, carry out explosion by the iron and steel link network covering big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom of adopting certain specification, the fundamentally generation of controlled blasting slungshot, thereby effectively the controlled blasting slungshot disperses, reduce demand, and then reach the purpose of safety in production, the shotfiring safety investment of reduction open-air work and cost safety distance for blasting.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
The slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of a kind of ore deposit, according to conventional method and equipment perforating, put into initiating equipment after the powder charge, fill out envelope big gun hole then, adopting detonate simultaneously a plurality of big guns hole or when adopting short-delay blasting to detonate many artillery salvos hole of electric power, employing insulation detonating cord connects the initiating equipment in each big gun hole, and it is each detonating cord joint is tight with insulating tape parcel circle, before detonating, at least the iron and steel link network that adopts hollow sealing main chain that one deck made by the bar steel of diameter between 8～14mm and connecting ring to be formed by connecting covers each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom, detonates then.
The slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of described ore deposit, and under the scale situation of shallow blasting, secondary blasting, the length L, the width W that cover the iron and steel link network that adopts in the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom satisfy: 4m 〉=L 〉=2m, 4m 〉=W 〉=2m; Perhaps according to corresponding blasting scale, in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network.
The slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of described ore deposit, and under borehole blasting scale situation, the length L, the width W that cover the iron and steel link network that adopts in each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom satisfy: 20m 〉=L 〉=12m, 10m 〉=W 〉=4m; According to corresponding blasting scale, perhaps in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network.
The slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of described ore deposit, is adopting two-layer or composite steel iron chain net when big gun hole and blasting work face are covered, and the mesh density of internal layer iron and steel link network is outer big, and the specification of outer iron and steel link network is bigger than internal layer.
The slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of described ore deposit, under the situation big at the blasting work face, that the big gun hole is more, can adopt polylith iron and steel link network to be stitched together each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom are covered.
A kind of iron and steel link network that is used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole, contain the hollow sealing main chain and the connecting ring that adopt the bar steel of format diameter between 8～14mm to process, described iron and steel link network is nested successively by connecting ring each other by the hollow sealing main chain of some and is formed by connecting.
The described iron and steel link network that is used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole, described hollow sealing main chain is approximately hollow cross shape or plum blossom shape, the specification of its overall profile shape: length and width are all between 40～300mm, described connecting ring is shaped as ellipse or circle, and the major axis of oval connecting ring or the diameter of circular connecting ring are not more than 100mm.
Describedly be used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, be provided with the lifting ring, the connection that is nested of two ellipses that the lifting ring is adjacent simultaneously or circular connecting ring at four angles of iron and steel link network; Perhaps balance weight body is set at four angles of iron and steel link network.
The described iron and steel link network that is used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole, described iron and steel link network covers the central area mesh density in big gun hole greater than its peripheral mesh density, perhaps is installed with in the central area in described iron and steel link network covering big gun hole and encrypts the chain stratum reticulare.
To the broken action principle of ore deposit rock burst, promptly the ore deposit rock will be divided into three layers by the ore deposit rock mass of explosion under the effect of explosive charge power according to explosive: the ore deposit rock at explosion center becomes " crushing layer (this also is the root that produces blasting fume and dust after the explosion) "; Outside the center one deck fragment layer (blasting flyrock source); Outermost one deck ore deposit rock only produces be full of cracks and forms big lump ore rock.When using conventional blasting method explosion, because the anisotropism of ore deposit rock and its internal structure, structure is different, in instant of detonation, the be full of cracks layer can the many rambling cracks of generation.At this moment, blasting fume, dust and fragment ore deposit rock that explosion produces, will along these cracks collapsed and to around disperse, wherein dust and the rockfall of most of ore deposit drop on working face and form quick-fried heap in a large number, there have the part fragment to disperse to be far, even indivedual fritter disperses sometimes beyond hundreds of rice.Here it is so-called blasting flyrock.
The present invention is by to ore, when rock carries out explosive blasting, adopt the steel circle bar or the steel of certain mass and specification, the iron and steel link network that welds or be cast as certain specification covers the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom, after explosive is detonated in the big gun hole, be full of cracks layer near the iron and steel link network no longer produces big crack under link network control, had only a very loosening process of small distance by quick-fried ore deposit rock.Comminuted and the brokenness ore deposit rock of explosion center and middle crushable layer generation just can be effectively controlled and avoid it to fly out from the crack like this.The present invention has fundamentally controlled the generation of blasting flyrock and has dispersed.
Useful good effect of the present invention:
1, the broken slungshot control method of ore deposit rock burst of the present invention can effectively be controlled the generation of slungshot, reduces investment of open-air work shotfiring safety and cost, thereby widens explosive applications field and range of application.The present invention covers the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom by adopt link network in blasting process, the effectively generation of controlled blasting slungshot and dispersing, thereby reduce the safety distance for blasting requirement, can significantly reduce the resettlement and the expropriation of land scope of buildings or structures in the open in the mining process, save construction investment, reduce investment of open-air work shotfiring safety and cost.Mine construction is accomplished can opencut preferentially adopt strip mining transformation, be forced to underground mining greatly because of expropriation of land and relocating work amount, cause the resources loss rate greatly and the generation of phenomenon such as the rate of dilution is big but reduce some these open cut ore mines.
2, in the peeling off of mine, the mining blasting operation in the open, because the covering effect of iron and steel link network is arranged, quick-fried heap is more regular.In overburden operation, can reduce fragment barren rock and dust avalanche to face, thereby reduce ore dilution rate; Fragment ore and dust then can not disperse everywhere in mining, can improve the rate of extraction of ore resource; Can guarantee simultaneously not take place to adopt, dig, equipment such as fortune is by the generation of accidents such as slungshot smashes.
Though 3, the present invention has increased iron and steel link network overwrite job, the corresponding minimizing is provided with safe-guard line in advance, each traffic intersection to arrange special messenger's guard and operating personnel and adopt, dig, equipment such as fortune withdraws in advance to pick up after working face and the explosion and cargo handling operation such as looks into.If job placement is proper, can improve the stope operating efficiency, and increase the production capacity of stope, further raise labour productivity.
4, owing to not influenced by blasting flyrock, can reduce unit blasting engineering amount and need use the big gun hole number, improve the explosion merit and minimizing bulk generation rate of explosive, thereby reach the purpose of harm such as the explosion that reduces explosion earthquake and shock wave.
5, adopt the present invention, can ensure safety in production and a large amount of explosion dust that reduces, the stope hygienic conditions can improve.Bursting work to the on-fixeds such as construction under other highway, railway and city-building and some certain environmental conditions (are put the position) in a zone also can reduce construction cost under the premise that security is guaranteed.Simultaneously can also reduce some carries out bursting work in violation of rules and regulations and produces the generation that explosion is hurted sb.'s feelings, smashed accidents such as building.
Four, description of drawings:
Fig. 1: be used for blasting flyrock control and cover one of the iron and steel link network backbone structure schematic diagram in big gun hole
Fig. 2: be used for the iron and steel link network connecting ring structural representation that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole
Fig. 3: be used for the iron and steel link network structural representation that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole
Fig. 4～Fig. 6: be respectively be used for blasting flyrock control cover the big gun hole iron and steel link network backbone structure schematic diagram two, three, four
Five, the specific embodiment:
Embodiment one: referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, the present invention is used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, contain the hollow sealing main chain 1 and the connecting ring 2 that adopt the bar steel of format diameter between 8～14mm to process, connecting ring 2 can be ellipse or circle, the major axis of oval connecting ring or the diameter of circular connecting ring generally are not more than 100mm, described iron and steel link network is nested successively by connecting ring 2 each other by the hollow sealing main chain 1 of some and is formed by connecting, the hollow sealing main chain 1 of present embodiment is approximately hollow cross shape, the specification of its overall profile shape: length and width can be between 40～300mm, according to the size that produces be full of cracks rock piece under the different blasting scale situations, by choosing the physical dimension of hollow sealing main chain and connecting ring, can be made into the iron and steel link network of different mesh density and size.
Embodiment two: referring to Fig. 4, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: described hollow sealing main chain 1 is approximately hollow plum blossom shape.
Embodiment three: referring to Fig. 5, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: described hollow sealing main chain 1 adopts the hollow chain link of two " 8 " bodies to be cross-linked to form.
Embodiment four: referring to Fig. 6, the difference of present embodiment and embodiment one is: described hollow sealing main chain 1 adopts approximate sphere of movements for the elephants lattice shape.
Referring to Fig. 3, more than each embodiment is described is used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, can establish lifting ring 3 and prypole on four limits of iron and steel link network, the usefulness of hanging when doing lifting.Lifting ring 3 shapes can be identical with the connecting ring shape, the connection that is nested of two ellipses that lifting ring 3 is adjacent simultaneously or circular connecting ring, according to different blasting scale and intensity, can balance weight body be set at four angles of iron and steel link network during use, described balance weight body is fixedlyed connected with chain in use with the lifting ring.
Embodiment five: present embodiment is used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, and different with the various embodiments described above is: described iron and steel link network covers the central area mesh density in big gun hole greater than its peripheral mesh density.
Embodiment six: present embodiment is used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, and different with the various embodiments described above is: the central area that covers the big gun hole at the iron and steel link network is installed with encryption chain stratum reticulare.
Embodiment seven: present embodiment is the broken slungshot control method of ore deposit rock burst, according to conventional method and equipment perforating, put into initiating equipment after the powder charge, fill out envelope big gun hole then, adopting detonate simultaneously a plurality of big guns hole or when adopting short-delay blasting to detonate many artillery salvos hole of electric power, employing insulation detonating cord connects the initiating equipment in each big gun hole, and it is each detonating cord joint is tight with insulating tape parcel circle, to prevent to miss-fire and other phenomenon takes place, what explosion of the present invention was different with traditional blasting technology is: increased by a procedure, exactly before detonating, at least the iron and steel link network that adopts hollow sealing main chain that one deck made by the bar steel of diameter between 8～14mm and connecting ring to be formed by connecting covers each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom, detonates then.
Under the scale situation of shallow blasting, secondary blasting, the iron and steel link network specification that covers the employing of the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom is generally about 2m * 2m.According to corresponding blasting scale, in case of necessity in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network.
Embodiment eight: the slungshot control method is broken in the rock burst of present embodiment ore deposit, shoulder height with 10m and above medium-length hole blasting, at first in the usual way, is adopted the down-the-hole drill perforation, the manual charging also puts into detonating capsule, after filling out envelope big gun hole, connect detonating cord, tight to detonating cord jointing adhesive cloth circle, accident and other accidents take place in case miss-fire, then adopt the iron and steel link network of certain specification that overwrite job is carried out in big gun hole and bench face, after, detonate again to after the above-mentioned work detailed inspection.It is bigger to cover the every iron and steel link network specification that need adopt in borehole blasting big gun hole, reach 12m * 5m, weight is also bigger, in order to guarantee that link network evenly covers on each big gun hole face, need to adopt the special-purpose band crossbeam and the crane automobile of suspension hook, finish mobile iron and steel link network and finish the work that the iron and steel link network is reclaimed in the back with correct covering big gun hole and bench face with in explosion.
Cover big gun hole quality for improving link network, improve slungshot control effect, according to the blasting scale needs, in case of necessity in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network, as adopting the iron and steel hammer, reinforcing bar mixes earth member, large rock mass etc.
The slungshot control method is broken in ore deposit of the present invention rock burst, according to actual needs, under the situation big at the blasting work face, that the big gun hole is more, adopting polylith iron and steel link network to be stitched together covers each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom, also can adopt two-layer or the composite steel iron chain net covers big gun hole and blasting work face, at this moment, the mesh density of internal layer iron and steel link network is outer big, and the specification of outer iron and steel link network is bigger than internal layer.
Because the various ore deposit of occurring in nature lithology matter and structure thereof, joint or the like difference, adopt ore deposit of the present invention rock burst to break slungshot control method controlled blasting slungshot, must be in conjunction with these ore deposit actual conditions, formulate a whole set of reasonable blasting parameter, guarantee that to reach blasting work is safer, the mine surrounding enviroment are influenced minimum purpose.Reduce blasting vibration effect in order to reach, except the glissando that still adopts various maturations, again because the employing of blasting flyrock control method of the present invention, reduce many routines and kept away the big gun working link, the required big gun hole number of unit blasting engineering amount also can reduce, the also corresponding minimizing of onepull explosive charge, many thereby coverages such as explosion earthquake and shock wave just can be dwindled, thus reduce requirement to safety distance for blasting.
We are by a large amount of small-scale explosion bulge tests at present, proved that the present invention is very effective for the control of light shot blasting flyrock, the conventional explosion of quick-fried heap upper punch aspect ratio is little a lot of after the explosion, can't see a large amount of generations of a large amount of generations of " blasting fume " and blasting flyrock and disperses.Blasting flyrock control method of the present invention all has good engineering effort and considerable economic to building and develop small mine, Other Engineering explosion and explosion in particular cases.
Claims (10)
1. the slungshot control method is broken in an ore deposit rock burst, according to conventional method and equipment perforating, put into initiating equipment after the powder charge, fill out envelope big gun hole then, adopting detonate simultaneously a plurality of big guns hole or when adopting short-delay blasting to detonate many artillery salvos hole of electric power, employing insulation detonating cord connects the initiating equipment in each big gun hole, and it is each detonating cord joint is tight with insulating tape parcel circle, it is characterized in that: before detonating, at least the iron and steel link network that adopts hollow sealing main chain that one deck made by the bar steel of diameter between 8～14mm and connecting ring to be formed by connecting covers each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom, detonates then.
2. the slungshot control method is broken in ore deposit according to claim 1 rock burst, it is characterized in that: under the scale situation of shallow blasting, secondary blasting, the length L, the width W that cover the iron and steel link network that adopts in the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom satisfy: 4m 〉=L 〉=2m, 4m 〉=W 〉=2m; Perhaps according to corresponding blasting scale, in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network.
3. the slungshot control method is broken in ore deposit according to claim 1 rock burst, it is characterized in that: under borehole blasting scale situation, the length L, the width W that cover the iron and steel link network that adopts in each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom satisfy: 20m 〉=L 〉=12m, 10m 〉=W 〉=4m; According to corresponding blasting scale, perhaps in four jiaos of balance weight body that constant weight is set of iron and steel link network.
4. according to claim 1 or the broken slungshot control method of 2 or 3 described ore deposit rock bursts, it is characterized in that: adopt two-layer or composite steel iron chain net when big gun hole and blasting work face are covered, the mesh density of internal layer iron and steel link network is outer big, and the specification of outer iron and steel link network is bigger than internal layer.
5. according to claim 1 or the broken slungshot control method of 2 or 3 described ore deposit rock bursts, it is characterized in that: under the situation big at the blasting work face, that the big gun hole is more, adopt polylith iron and steel link network to be stitched together each the big gun hole and the explosion scope of freedom are covered.
6. one kind is used for the iron and steel link network that blasting flyrock control covers the big gun hole, contain the hollow sealing main chain and the connecting ring that adopt the bar steel of format diameter between 8～14mm to process, it is characterized in that: described iron and steel link network is nested successively by connecting ring each other by the hollow sealing main chain of some and is formed by connecting.
7. the iron and steel link network that is used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole according to claim 6, it is characterized in that: described hollow sealing main chain is approximately hollow cross shape or plum blossom shape, the specification of its overall profile shape: length and width are all between 40～300mm, described connecting ring is shaped as ellipse or circle, and the major axis of oval connecting ring or the diameter of circular connecting ring are not more than 100mm.
8. describedly be used for the iron and steel link networks that blasting flyrocks control covers the big gun hole according to claim 6 or 7, it is characterized in that: four angles at the iron and steel link network are provided with the lifting ring, the connection that is nested of two ellipses that the lifting ring is adjacent simultaneously or circular connecting ring; Perhaps balance weight body is set at four angles of iron and steel link network.
9. the iron and steel link network that is used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described iron and steel link network covers the central area mesh density in big gun hole greater than its peripheral mesh density, perhaps is installed with in the central area in described iron and steel link network covering big gun hole and encrypts the chain stratum reticulare.
10. according to claim 6 or the 7 described iron and steel link networks that are used for blasting flyrock control covering big gun hole, it is characterized in that: described iron and steel link network covers the central area mesh density in big gun hole greater than its peripheral mesh density, perhaps is installed with in the central area in described iron and steel link network covering big gun hole and encrypts the chain stratum reticulare.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007103000291A CN100543402C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | The iron and steel link network in broken slungshot control method of a kind of ore deposit rock burst and covering big gun hole |
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| CNB2007103000291A CN100543402C (en) | 2007-12-24 | 2007-12-24 | The iron and steel link network in broken slungshot control method of a kind of ore deposit rock burst and covering big gun hole |
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| CN101210792A true CN101210792A (en) | 2008-07-02 |
| CN100543402C CN100543402C (en) | 2009-09-23 |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102331212A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-01-25 | 薛世忠 | Loss and dilution controlled blasting method for open metal mine |
| CN103148752A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-12 | 兰州大学 | Engineering blasting comprehensive protection device |
-
2007
- 2007-12-24 CN CNB2007103000291A patent/CN100543402C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102331212A (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2012-01-25 | 薛世忠 | Loss and dilution controlled blasting method for open metal mine |
| CN102331212B (en) * | 2011-09-07 | 2015-08-12 | 薛世忠 | Outdoor metal mine loss and dilution controlled blasting method |
| CN103148752A (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2013-06-12 | 兰州大学 | Engineering blasting comprehensive protection device |
| CN103148752B (en) * | 2011-12-06 | 2015-08-12 | 兰州大学 | A kind of engineering explosion integrated protection device |
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| CN100543402C (en) | 2009-09-23 |
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Granted publication date: 20090923 Termination date: 20121224 |