CN101209089A - Method for improving n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in grass carp meat - Google Patents
Method for improving n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in grass carp meat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the meat of grass carp. Cross bred Pennisetum alopecuroides are matched with a compound feed for fresh water fish sold in the market to feed the grass carps. The weight proportion of the dry matters matched with the compound feed and the cross bred Pennisetum alopecuroides is 1.1 to 1. The invention filtrates and discovers a certain plant which is rich in Alpha-linolenic acid, adds the plant with a certain proportion to feed phytophagy fish through scientific research and produces cheap fish meat which is rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid through the biotransformation of the phytophagy fish.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquaculture field, more specifically relate to a kind of method that improves n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the grass carp meat.
Background technology
The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid comprises: a-leukotrienes, EPA and DHA, wherein, alpha-linolenic acid is the precursor substance of EPA and DHA.Alpha-linolenic acid is the Main Ingredients and Appearance that constitutes human tissue cell, participates in synthetic, the metabolism of phosphatide in vivo, and it is the essential fatty acid that human body self can not synthesize, and can only absorb from external (food).EPA is called as " blood vessel street cleaner ", and it has dredges the cardiovascular effect of cleaning, thereby prevents multiple angiocardiopathy.And DHA is brain cell formation growth and operates indispensable material base, simultaneously also can be helpful to activating weak retina cell, mend brain brain tonic and raising eyesight thereby rise, and prevent bathomorphic effect.In addition, DHA still is a neccessary composition in the breast milk, can strengthen the human immunological competence.
In the population of China per capita the amount of daily ingestion alpha-linolenic acid no more than half of world health organisation recommendations amount 1 gram.This is enough to illustrate that China people increase the importance of alpha-linolenic acid intake in meals.In the numerous plants in the world, only there is the content of alpha-linolenic acid of minority bottle green plant higher, have exploitation and be worth, and the plant extract technical sophistication of alpha-linolenic acid, the manufacturing technique requirent height.The mankind are picked-up EPA and DHA from the fish grease mainly, and are wherein the highest with content in the cold water fish of deep-sea, as salmon, sardine etc.Common fish body includes EPA, DHA quantity is atomic, contains EPA, DHA hardly in other animal bodies of land, does not contain EPA and DHA in the plant food.
Because the important function that the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid has, and raw material sources rareness, the extraction process complexity, cause the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid health products on the market to cost an arm and a leg, as alpha-linolenic acid 30～600,000 yuans per ton, from tens to two or three hundred yuan of 100g deep sea fish oil produce market prices are amounted to about 1,000,000 yuans per ton.
The aliphatic acid composition research aspect that fish is cultured in influence now mainly contains: nineteen ninety-fives such as Liu Wei, study of the influence of different fat source feeds to the growth of grass carp postlarva, having added cod-liver oil, soya-bean oil, rape oil, lard and miscella respectively compares, wherein miscella and cod-liver oil feed are because of being rich in long-chain n3 series HUFA, so growth result the best of these two groups test fishes.Bright 1997 of Cao Jun, the influence that different aliphatic acid organize lipid content and aliphatic acid to constitute to grass carp in the research feed.Observed and added oleic acid (18: 1n-9), linoleic acid (18: 2n-6), leukotrienes (18: 3n-3) and n-3 series highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3HUFA, 20: 5n-3+22: in the feed 6n-3) to grass carp liver pancreas, muscle, head with remove liver pancreas internal organ lipid content and influence that aliphatic acid constitutes.Experimental result shows, compares with the grass carp that contains the oleic acid feed merely that ingests, and contains 1%18: the liver pancreas lipid content of 2n-6 and 1%18: 3n-3 or 1%18: 2n-6 and 0.5%n-3HUFA feed group grass carp significantly reduces, but the internal organ lipid content raises.Add 18 in feed: 2n-6,18: 3n-3 and n-3HUFA can obviously influence the relative amount of grass carp liver pancreas, muscle and head lipid polyunsaturated fatty acid; N-6 series and n-3 series content of highly unsaturated fatty acids add 18 respectively with in the feed in the tissue: 2n-6 and 18: 3n-3 has dependency relation, shows that grass carp has the ability that bio-transformation 18: 2n-6 and 18: 3n-3 is a highly unsaturated fatty acid.Zhou Meng etc. 2006, with making with extra care sole oil and soya-bean oil respectively as n-3 and n-6 series fatty acid source, the feed of 5 kinds of different n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of preparation is studied the influence to cobio growth and fish soma aliphatic acid composition.Chen Weizhou etc. 2006, with the fish meal is that protein sources, refined fish oil or lard are fat source, preparation protein and fat content, energy are equal substantially, but n-3 HUFA content (W) is respectively 4 kinds of mixed feeds of 1.12% (D1), 240% (D2), 3.70% (D3), 5.85% (D4), and research is to the lipid content of Plectorhinchus cinctus parent population tissue and the influence of aliphatic acid formation.The result shows that it is sexual gland＞muscle＞liver pancreas that the aliphatic acid formation in the Plectorhinchus cinctus tissue is subjected to n-3 HUFA content influence in the feed, affected order; Tissue has stronger selective retention effect to n-3 PUFA, particularly DHA, illustrates that these aliphatic acid have the important physical effect in gonadal maturation.
Above-mentioned research has following characteristics: 1, additive itself is through the fish oil of refinement or through the n-3 of complicated technology purifying polyunsaturated fatty acid material, costs an arm and a leg, and has some to run off after cultivated animals transforms again, not as directly ingesting to people.2, still locate the experimental study stage.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method that improves n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the grass carp meat, by screening and finding that a certain class is rich in the plant of alpha-linolenic acid, add a certain proportion of this kind plant herbivorous fishes of feeding by scientific research, through the bio-transformation of herbivorous fishes, produce the flesh of fish cheap, that be rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.
The method of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the raising grass carp meat of the present invention is characterized in that: arrange in pairs or groups commercially available fresh-water fishes mixed feed of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is fed grass carp, and the part by weight of the dry of mixed feed and the two collocation of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is 1.1: 1.
Described hybrid Chinese pennisetum was to cradle utilization the cycle for the plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum with 28 days, and alpha-linolenic acid content accounts for 66.00% of its TFA in the described hybrid Chinese pennisetum.
The mixed fodder that the method for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is used in the raising grass carp meat of the present invention, it is characterized in that: described mixed fodder is the mixture of commercially available fresh-water fishes mixed feed and hybrid Chinese pennisetum, and wherein the part by weight of the dry of fresh-water fishes mixed feed and the two collocation of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is 1.1: 1.
Remarkable meaning of the present invention is as follows:
1. the plant of being rich in alpha-linolenic acid by utilizing the present invention to find through enrichment, the bio-transformation of herbivorous fishes, is produced the flesh of fish cheap, that be rich in the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, increases human absorption to n-3 HUFA, is the invention of a novelty.
2. utilize the present invention to improve the content of n-3 HUFA in the grass carp body, can replace antibiotic effect, promote that grass carp grows, improves resistance against diseases, produce green, safe more agricultural product.
3. utilize high quality forage to breed fish and to replace a large amount of fine fodders, increase fish crop, reduce production costs.
| Produce the feeds utilized cost of 1kg grass carp | Feeds utilized quantity (kg) | Unit price (containing all expenses) | Add up to |
| Herbage | 25 | 0.2 unit/kg | 5.0 |
| Mixed feed | 2.5 | 3 yuan/kg | 7.5 unit |
4. utilize the present invention to satisfy the demand of grass carp, improve the feed protein transformation efficiency, not only save feed cost, and can reduce the ammonia-nitrogen content in the grass carp metabolite essential fatty acid, with practical value to environmental and ecological protection.
The specific embodiment
The plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum, with 28 days was the cycle to cradle utilization, the commercially available fresh-water fishes mixed feed of arranging in pairs or groups is simultaneously fed grass carp, the ratio of mixed feed and the two collocation of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is 1.1: 1 (a dry ratio), essential fatty acid content that grass carp is taken in and ratio are suitable, can not only improve the feed protein transformation efficiency, and the utmost point improves the n-3 content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the grass carp meat significantly.Cultured grass carp 5 months with this technology, compare with the grass carp that whole process is fed with mixed feed, the n-3 content of polyunsaturated fatty acid in the grass carp meat is 14.8 ± 1.3%, is 6.17 times of feed fish 2.4 ± 0.5%.
The present invention finds that first the Pennisetum plant is rich in alpha-linolenic acid, and content accounts for more than 66% of its TFA, does not still have such report at present both at home and abroad.
The herbage that grass family Pennisetum plant is the torrid zone, a kind of output height in subtropical zone, adaptability is good, the bright grass of per mu yield 10000～15000kg.As shown in table 1, with one of Pennisetum plant hybrid Chinese pennisetum is example, and output is by the bright careless 10000kg measuring and calculating of per mu yield, the rate of giving money as a gift 15.20%, crude fat content 3.47% (Liu Jinxiang, southern china herbage), alpha-linolenic acid content accounts for 66.00% (the present invention finds first) of its TFA.To sum up measuring and calculating, 1 hectare every kind hybrid Chinese pennisetum can obtain the resource of containing of 522.17kg alpha-linolenic acid.
The per 1 hectare of obtainable alpha-linolenic acid porcelain of the hybrid Chinese pennisetum source of table 1
| The bright careless annual production (kg/hm2/a) of hybrid Chinese pennisetum | The rate of giving money as a gift | (kg/hm2/ a) in the hay annual production | Crude fat content | Alpha-linolenic acid content | Alpha-linolenic acid (kg/hm2) |
| 150000 | 15.20％ | 22800 | 3.47％ | 66.00％ | 522.17 |
On the one hand, because Pennisetum plant crude fat content 3～5%, adds the processing extraction technique complexity,, with high costs if use Pennisetum plant extract alpha-linolenic acid specially.
But from another point of view, grass family Pennisetum plant is the green crop of herbivorous fishes happiness food, is example with the grass carp, studies show that the ingest feed coefficient of hybrid Chinese pennisetum of grass carp is 25～30, and promptly every growth 1kg oppresses 25～30kg grass of need ingesting.Therefore by the ingesting in a large number of herbivorous fishes, the alpha-linolenic acid in the enrichment herbage is to the flesh of fish, and part biological changes into EPA, DHA, thereby improves the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the flesh of fish, is the invention of a novelty.
Determine that it served as reasonable with 28 days that the hybrid Chinese pennisetum fish cradles the phase with the best.
1, cradled in 28 days and can utilize all annual productions the highest
Research experiment of the present invention is established 3 and is cradled the different influences that cradle the cycle to all annual productions of hybrid Chinese pennisetum of cycle (14 days, 28 days with 42 days) contrast.The result is as follows:
As seen from Table 2, along with the growth of growth time, the increase of plant dry, the single of hybrid Chinese pennisetum cradles output and increases sharply.Use but reach the hybrid Chinese pennisetum of maximum output and be not suitable for fish.Theoretical all annual productions of handling 3 (cradling in 42 days) are the highest, reach 457436.00kg/hm2, but utilization rate minimum be 28.99%, can utilize all annual production 132610.70kg/hm2.The utilization rate of handling 1 (cradling in 14 days) is the highest, and theoretical all annual productions are minimum, can utilize all annual production 128251.96kg/hm2.Handling 2 (cradling in 28 days) can utilize all annual production 143960.25kg/hm2 the highest.The hybrid Chinese pennisetum fish with the best cradle the phase fix on about 28 days comparatively reasonable.
Table 2 hybrid Chinese pennisetum difference cradles the influence of cycle to all annual productions
| Handle 1 (cradling in 14 days) | Handle 2 (cradling in 28 days) | Handle 3 (cradling in 42 days) | |
| Single cradles output (kg/hm 2) | 9700.00 | 25000.00 | 96100.00 |
| Cradle a batch number (inferior/year) | 14.28 | 7.14 | 4.76 |
| Stem/leaf ratio | 0.08 | 0.24 | 2.45 |
| Availability (%) | 92.59 | 80.65 | 28.99 |
| Theoretical all annual production (kg/hm 2) | 138516.00 | 178500.00 | 457436.00 |
| Can utilize all annual production (kg/hm 2) | 128251.96 | 143960.25 | 132610.70 |
2, it is the highest to cradle in the hybrid Chinese pennisetum alpha-linolenic acid week annual production in 28 days
Table 3 difference cradles the influence of cycle to alpha-linolenic acid week annual production
| Can utilize all annual productions (kg/hm2/a) | The rate of giving money as a gift | Hay annual production (kg/hm2/a) | Crude fat content | Alpha-linolenic acid content | Alpha-linolenic acid (kg/hm2) | |
| (cradling in 14 days) | 128251.96 | 12.00％ | 15390.24 | 4.68％ | 66.00％ | 475.3 7 |
| (cradling in 28 days) | 143960.25 | 15.00％ | 21594.04 | 4.00％ | 66.00％ | 570.0 8 |
| (cradling in 42 days) | 132610.70 | 16.00％ | 21217.71 | 3.01％ | 66.00％ | 421.5 1 |
As seen from Table 3, along with the growth of growth time, the increase of plant dry, the rate of giving money as a gift of hybrid Chinese pennisetum from handle 1 (cradling in 14 days) 12.00% bring up to handle 3 (cradling in 42 days) 16.00%, and crude fat content progressively descends, and drops to 3.01% from 4.68%.To sum up, alpha-linolenic acid week annual production (hay annual production * crude fat content * alpha-linolenic acid content) is the highest with the 570.08kg/hm2 that handles 2 (cradling in 28 days) in the hybrid Chinese pennisetum.
The optimal proportion of mixed feed, hybrid Chinese pennisetum collocation:
General fish body itself can only synthesize n-7, n-9 unrighted acid, and can not synthesize n-3, n-6 unrighted acid, and therefore, n-3, n-6 unrighted acid are considered to the essential fatty acid of fish.The content of essential fatty acid and ratio are suitable in the feed, can improve feed nutritive value greatly, improve the feed protein transformation efficiency.The n-3 unrighted acid quantity that cold water fishes needs is greater than the quantity of n-6.Zhou Meng etc. 2006, with making with extra care sole oil and soya-bean oil respectively as n-3 and n-6 series fatty acid source, the feed of 5 kinds of different n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio of preparation is studied the influence to cobio growth and fish soma aliphatic acid composition.The analysis showed that n-3 and n-6 fatty acid proportion suitable in the cobio feed are 2.98: 1, rate of body weight gain and the feed efficiency of fish are the highest.Temperate water fishes is very big to essential fatty acid demand and cold water fishes difference, add C18: 2n-6 or C18: 3n-3 in the carp bait of warm water, have tangible growth promotion effect, and use these two kinds of aliphatic acid simultaneously than using the growth promotion better effects if separately.Carp is 1% of feed to the demand of these two kinds of aliphatic acid.Common eel is added C18: growth significantly improves behind the 3n-3, and this is similar to rainbow trout, and adding C18: 2n-6 and C18: 3n-3 has the addition effect, and this is similar to carp, to the demand of these two kinds of aliphatic acid, is about 5% of bait.Whitefish is at the fresh water intra vitam, when adding C18: 3n-3 or n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid in the bait, has tangible growth promotion effect, there are C18: 2n-6 and C18 simultaneously: during 3n-3, when having tangible addition effect to obtain the maximum growth effect, the demand of essential fatty acid is C18: 2n-6 and CI8: 3n-3 respectively is 1%.
Table 4 mixed feed and hybrid Chinese pennisetum crude fat content and aliphatic acid are formed contrast
Unit: %
| Crude fat | Palmitic acid | Stearic acid | Oleic acid | ||
| (accounting for dry) | C16∶0 | C18∶0 | C18∶1n-7c | C18∶1n-9c | |
| Mixed feed | 4.85 | 13.4±0.0 | 2.8±0.0 | 1.1±0.0 | 30.5±0.1 |
| Hybrid Chinese pennisetum | 4.0 | 10.7±0.0 | 1.0±0.0 | 0.1±0.0 | 2.0±0.1 |
| Leukotrienes (n-3) | Linoleic acid (n-6) | N-3 content | N-6 content | n-3∶n-6 |
| C18∶3n-3 | C18∶2n-6c | |||
| 4.3±0.0 | 43.4±0.1 | 0.21 | 2.10 | 0.10∶1 |
| 66.2±0.0 | 14.2±0.0 | 2.65 | 0.57 | 4.66∶1 |
Annotate 1: the mixed feed sample is that the fresh-water fishes mixed feed that feed company produces is wished in Foochow, down together.
As can be seen from Table 4, n-3 unrighted acid in the mixed feed mainly is a leukotrienes, its ratio (accounts for the percentage of TFA, be 4.3% down together), the n-6 unrighted acid mainly is a linoleic acid, and its ratio is 43.4%, and content of crude fat is 4.85% in the mixed feed in addition, the content of n-3 unrighted acid (being made as a value) is 0.21% in the mixed feed so, and the content of n-6 unrighted acid (being made as the b value) is 2.10%.N-3/n-6 unrighted acid ratio is 0.1 in the mixed feed.Equally, the content of n-3 unrighted acid in the hybrid Chinese pennisetum (being made as the c value) is 2.65%, and the content of n-6 unrighted acid (being made as the d value) is 0.57%.N-3/n-6 unrighted acid ratio is 4.66 in the hybrid Chinese pennisetum.
In addition, the weight that we establish mixed feed in the mixed fodder again is the x value, and the weight of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is the y value, and n-3/n-6 unrighted acid ratio is the n value.Then can obtain following formula:
n＝(ax+cy)/(bx+dy)ax+cy＝bnx+dny (a-bn)x＝(dn-c)y
x/y＝(dn-c)/(a-bn)
In the present invention, x/y=(0.57%n-2.65%)/(0.21%-2.10%n), as temperate water fishes, it is reasonably that the n value of grass carp is made as 1, so x/y=(0.57% * 1-2.65%)/(0.21%-2.10% * 1)=1.10.
To sum up, when utilizing mixed feed and hybrid Chinese pennisetum to feed grass carp simultaneously, the optimal proportion of the two collocation is 1.1: 1 (a dry ratio).
Reasonably combined foundation:
1) aliphatic acid is formed more rationally in the food that makes grass carp and absorbed, and n-3/n-6 unrighted acid ratio reaches 1.
The n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio only was 0.1 during the aliphatic acid of existing commercially available mixed feed was formed; after pressing the hybrid Chinese pennisetum of arranging in pairs or groups at 1.1: 1; the n-3/n-6 fatty acid ratio reaches 1 in the mixed fodder; satisfied the demand of temperate water fishes to essential fatty acid; improve the feed protein transformation efficiency; not only save feed cost, and can reduce the ammonia-nitrogen content in the grass carp metabolite, with practical value to water environment protection.
2) satisfy the desired level of grass carp to energy.
The protein content of existing commercially available mixed feed designs preparation 25%～30% for satisfying the quick growth of breed fish.The protein content of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is about 10%.Vast scale collocation hybrid Chinese pennisetum will inevitably reduce the protein content in the mixed fodder.After collocation in 1.1: 1, the protein content in the mixed fodder is 20%, but also brings a large amount of carbohydrate into after adding hybrid Chinese pennisetum, so can satisfy the demand of grass carp to energy.If but continue to strengthen careless ratio, the protein content in the mixed fodder is corresponding lower, will influence the speed of growth of grass carp.
Effect
The present invention shows through the contrast experiment, the grass carp that to utilize mixed feed and hybrid Chinese pennisetum ratio be the grass carp (dry ratio) condition under cultured at 1.1: 1 cultures with full mixed feed is in the contrast that dorsal muscles aliphatic acid is formed, the relative amount ratio of forage grass fish n-3 HUFA is 14.8 ± 1.3%, is 6.17 times of feed fish 2.4 ± 0.5%.Wherein, be apparent that the relative amount 10.3 ± 1.2% of forage grass fish alpha-linolenic acid most, 10.3 times of feed fish 1.0 ± 0.0%.Experiment has also contrasted the difference of hybrid Chinese pennisetum and feed aliphatic acid composition.The content of discovery alpha-linolenic acid in the aliphatic acid of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is formed is up to 66.2 ± 0.0%.And the content of alpha-linolenic acid only is 4.3 ± 0.0% in feed.Do not detect EPA and DHA in hybrid Chinese pennisetum and the feed.Grass carp utilizes alpha-linolenic acid bio-transformation abundant in the hybrid Chinese pennisetum to generate EPA and DHA, thereby has significantly improved the content of n-3 HUFA in the forage grass fish flesh of fish, promotes that grass carp grows, improves resistance against diseases, improves flesh quality.
The contrast unit that grass carp muscle of back n-3 aliphatic acid is formed under two kinds of feed patterns of table 5: %
| Leukotrienes | Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) | Docosahexenoic acid (DHA) | n-3 | |
| C18∶3n-3 | C20∶5n-3 | C22∶6n-3 | n-3 | |
| The feed fish | 1.0±0.0 | 0.1±0.0 | 1.3±0.5 | 2.4±0.5 |
| Fish pastures | 10.3±1.2 | 0.8±0.1 | 3.8±0.0 | 14.8±1.3 |
Embodiment
According to method for breeding of the present invention, 2002～2007 mu surplus ground application implementation cultured areas 2000 such as Bei Feng official's small stream town, Foochow, Liaanjiang county, thinkling sound's fork, accumulative total is produced and is rich in the high-quality grass carp of n-3 HUFA more than 8000 tons.
Claims (3)
1. method that improves n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the grass carp meat is characterized in that: the fresh-water fishes mixed feed that hybrid Chinese pennisetum is arranged in pairs or groups commercially available is fed grass carp, and the part by weight of the dry of mixed feed and the two collocation of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is 1.1: 1.
2. the method for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the raising grass carp meat according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hybrid Chinese pennisetum is the plantation hybrid Chinese pennisetum, with 28 days was the cycle to cradle utilization, and alpha-linolenic acid content accounts for 66.00% of its TFA in the described hybrid Chinese pennisetum.
3. the mixed fodder that the method for n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid is used in the raising grass carp meat as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described mixed fodder is the mixture of commercially available fresh-water fishes mixed feed and hybrid Chinese pennisetum, and wherein the part by weight of the dry of mixed feed and the two collocation of hybrid Chinese pennisetum is 1.1: 1.
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| CN102827801A (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2012-12-19 | 中央研究院 | Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) and application thereof |
| CN102827801B (en) * | 2011-06-17 | 2015-02-04 | 中央研究院 | Napier grass (pennisetum purpureum) and application thereof |
| CN103125769A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2013-06-05 | 沈阳金科丰牧业科技有限公司 | Feed for producing functional pig meat with high PUFA, EPA and DHA content and low n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA |
| CN103125769B (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-10-08 | 沈阳金科丰牧业科技有限公司 | Feed for producing functional pig meat with high PUFA, EPA and DHA content and low n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA |
| CN104206906A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2014-12-17 | 沈阳金科丰牧业科技有限公司 | Feed used for producing functional pork high in contents of PUFA (Polyunsaturated), EPA (Eicosapentaeonic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) and low in n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA ratio |
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| CN105123607A (en) * | 2013-03-04 | 2015-12-09 | 沈阳爱地生物科技有限公司 | Functional pork having high content of EPA and DHA and production method for same |
| CN106359193A (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2017-02-01 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Feeding method for improving grass carp quality and purpose of pennisetum sinese in feeding method |
| CN106359193B (en) * | 2016-09-05 | 2020-07-24 | 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所 | Breeding method for improving grass carp quality and application of pennisetum hydridum in breeding method |
| CN106578389A (en) * | 2016-12-28 | 2017-04-26 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Expanded sinking feed capable of improving contents of ALA (Alanine), EPA (Eicosapentaenoic Acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic Acid) of salmons |
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| CN101209089B (en) | 2010-12-08 |
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