CN1011901B - Method and equipment for laying residential building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention belongs to a method for building in building operations, particularly to an unreeling technology for building bricks of buildings with a brick and concrete structure. The present invention is characterized in that an orientation line, a corresponding hanging line and adjusting tools are used in the process of unreeling brick building; the present invention omits complicated method by using a steel rule and small line for repeated measurement to find out a centre peg of all axes and the size of each position and a complicated operational procedure of line suspension of five brick layers, post upright and repeated watching in building angles. The present invention not only makes the unreeling work convenient, rapid and accurate, but also enhances the precision and speed of building angles and building walls; simultaneously, the building work can be independently carried out in segments, and thus, the unreeling building technology is innovated.

Description

Method and equipment for laying residential building

The invention belongs to building operations building method and instrument, especially the unwrapping wire brick masonry of building with brick-concrete structure.

In building engineering construction, the masonry project of building with brick-concrete structure generally includes basic unwrapping wire (grooving unwrapping wire and basis lay bricks unwrapping wire), grooving, matting layer, block basis, agent structure unwrapping wire, build step such as main body.At present, brick-building art is generally continued to use traditional method of operating, promptly when basic unwrapping wire and agent structure unwrapping wire, measure by means of measuring apparatus (level gauge, transit etc.) repeated multiple times with steel ruler and little line; When laying bricks, then use instruments such as marked rod, plumb bob, guiding ruler, be as the criterion with dish angle backguy; Dish requires five layers of brick one of every block by hanging, to ensure the quality of products during the angle; Require to draw logical line when building wall between windows; The sequence requirement of laying bricks elder generation exterior wall, back interior wall etc.

Existing brick laying method operation is loaded down with trivial details, and backguy is measured frequently in the unwrapping wire, and the amount of repetition is big, and the order of laying bricks is reasonable inadequately, and dish angle difficulty is big, therefore makes efficiency of construction be difficult for raising, influences construction period and economic benefit thereof.

The objective of the invention is that a kind of calibration line and corresponding hanging wire, aligning tool are applied to unwrapping wire and lay bricks in the process, the unwrapping wire brick-building art is changed, reduce operation, simplify the operation, when the raising unwrapping wire is laid bricks accuracy, improve work efficiency greatly, the reduction of erection time.

Below concrete description is done in invention.

The present invention is a kind of building method that is used for building with brick-concrete structure, puts pin unwrapping wire, foundation wall unwrapping wire, the main body several parts of unwrapping wire of laying bricks of laying bricks of laying bricks by basic grooving unwrapping wire, grooving, basis and forms, and uses calibration line as foundation when being characterized in unwrapping wire; Use location thread gripping-board, dish angle flex holder, flex holder and calibration line to do rule when laying bricks, and proofread and correct with the vertical survey device.

Employed calibration line is one group of line (rope or belt) that has the different colours mark in the building method of the present invention, it is that each spot size of building on the working drawing is represented with different colours, setting-out is marked on one group of line (rope or belt), make vertical calibration line (in order to the size of calibrated length direction), slogan banner alignment (in order to the size of nominal width direction) and day-mark alignment (in order to the size of calibrated altitude direction).Wherein longitudinal and transverse calibration line is marked with each axis of building and sideline location point (size between branch), slots and put the pin size in length overall, beam overall, wall thickness, door and window mouth position dimension and basis.Thirty years of age calibration line is marked with floor height size, height of foundation and basic groove depth size, skin number, door and window open height size and horizontal level point.

Employed location thread gripping-board is the strip plank (also available other material) that a middle part is provided with a hanging wire nail in the building method of the present invention, is used for basic grooving and the demarcation of laying bricks.

Employed dish angle flex holder is the right angle type underframe that has three vertical rods by in the building method of the present invention, three with underframe on vertical rod support bar and three horizontal axis that are equipped with the reel of tight device with lock respectively of joining form.Wherein two horizontal axis are rectangular in shape and underframe is installed in parallel in support bar top, another root by its end the vertical axis leg and the vertical axle sleeve arranged parallel at place, right angle type horizontal axis right angle at these two above the axle, and can do the rotation of horizontal direction; Last three reels of axle all can axially move simultaneously.A band respectively is housed in the end of right angle type underframe two right-angle sides carves the plug-in unit of son, a holding screw then is being housed respectively near the right angle end.The height of support body can be regulated by support bar and horizontal axis leg.This is used for four jiaos in building and the exterior wall big angle is located to hang to establish vertical line and hang up horizon.

Employed flex holder is plug-in unit and underframe that vertical rod is rectangular in shape and is welded to form of being carved son by a band in the building method of the present invention, and same is connected in support bar in the vertical rod and one and is installed in support bar top, and the cross bar that can horizontally rotate is formed.Its height can be regulated by support bar and cross bar leg.This is used for each interval of building length direction and hangs and establish vertical line and hang up horizon.

The upright chi that employed vertical survey device is a right angle type by two be rectangular in shape hinged spirit level and cross section in the building method of the present invention joins at hinged end and forms, upright chi is vertical with two planes that spirit level constituted, and two spirit level ends and hinged place are equipped with the seat leg of adjustable height respectively.It is used for hanging wire finish after, to the check of hanging wire sag.

Building method of the present invention is as follows.

Basis grooving unwrapping wire: after having determined the stake of building main shaft, having drawn stake and sight rail, use the longitudinal and transverse calibration line in the aforementioned calibration line to come minute standard width of a room in an old-style house and spread the foundation trench gray line for foundation.

Afterwards, carry out levelling, fluting, matting layer work.

The angle unwrapping wire of laying bricks is put on the basis: on the sight rail of determining longitudinal and transverse main shaft, the hanging wire nail on the thread gripping-board of location is coincided with exterior wall line intersection point corresponding to longitudinal and transverse main shaft intersection point, and projection is on foundation pad aforementioned location thread gripping-board load; Be as the criterion with these points, draw longitudinal and transverse calibration line, and pin dimension line bullet is put on bed course in the basis.

After this build the basis and put pin.

The foundation wall unwrapping wire of laying bricks: put on the basis and mark the blank wall mark on the pin by the basis line-putting method of laying bricks earlier, the subpoint of putting hanging wire nail on the pin to the basis from the hanging wire nail of location thread gripping-board hangs day-mark alignment (calibration line is marked with skin number and horizontal level point, foundation wall height dimension) from above again, and be fixed in and put on the pin, as the foundation of foundation wall Pan Jiao.Simultaneously, the flex holder that removes the intermediate supports bar is distributed in a side of each axis foundation wall, the two-layer brick of local block is fixed in to be put on the pin, cross bar from each flex holder draws the day-mark alignment to putting pin again, levelling, proofreaies and correct after the verticality and they to be fixed on the foundation of putting on the pin as the block foundation wall.

After finishing building foundation wall, carry out the main body unwrapping wire of laying bricks: promptly use longitudinal and transverse calibration line as according to door and window mouth position dimension line bullet on foundation wall.The angle flex holder be will coil again and four jiaos of foundation walls and place, exterior wall big angle will be installed in, the support bar of each flex holder is connected, (making the height of each frame all be higher than the building floor height), with reel and cross bar connection line and the tension of finer wire by each top of the trellis, the theoretical vertical plane of wire and metope is coincided, (line is marked with the skin number corresponding to corresponding to the building door window point at angle being drawn the day-mark alignment to foundation wall and corner on each angle of building and the wire on reel from each top of the trellis feathering axis and the cross bar then, the door and window open height, floor height, horizontal level point etc.), levelling, be fixed on the foundation wall after proofreading and correct verticality, as Pan Jiao, the foundation of building a wall.

More than be to summary description of the present invention.

The good effect of building method of the present invention is to have saved the loaded down with trivial details way of looking for Center stake and each spot size of each axis in the unwrapping wire with steel ruler, little line repeated measurement, in building by laying bricks or stones with the day-mark alignment as the height and the control of verticality, and " five layer one by hanging " when need not to coil the angle and upright marked rod, wear repeatedly and see etc. that the complex operations program-this not only makes setting-out work easy, rapid, accurate, and the accuracy that has improved Pan Jiao, built a wall, reduced operation easier.Simultaneously, because the day-mark alignment is unified the making, so as long as the mark when making during hanging wire level point on the line with basic unwrapping wire levelling is consistent, can reach the lay bricks purpose of floor height of accurate control, and no matter the day-mark alignment is to hang simultaneously, still hang respectively-obviously, this makes segmentation independently build by laying bricks or stones becomes possibility, thereby can build interior wall earlier, exterior wall is built in the back.

The present invention is described in further detail below by embodiment and accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1, one-storey house plan view and calibration line concern schematic diagram

Fig. 2, the local enlarged diagram of calibration line

Fig. 3, dish angle flex holder underframe scheme of installation

Fig. 4, dish angle flex holder structural representation

Fig. 5, the flex holder schematic perspective view

Fig. 6, vertical survey device schematic perspective view

Building operations with one-storey house shown in Figure 1 is an example.

As shown in Figure 1, at first by figure prefabricated three kinds of vertical calibration lines (sequence number 1,2,3) and two kinds of slogan banner alignments (sequence number 4,5).Clear band on Line 1 mark respectively the cross wall axis (using red line mark) at 3600 millimeters at the window's position, 240 millimeters thick cross wall positions, 7 roads of 6 1500 mm wides and 7 intervals; Remainder is a black on the line.Be marked with the position, doorway of 6 1000 mm wides on No. 2 lines in the same manner, remainder is identical with Line 1.Indicate 7 cross wall axis and corresponding wall thickness with the same manner on No. 3 lines, simultaneously also with the clear band mark corresponding basic groove width (1000 millimeters of 1,7 shaft position groove widths, 800 millimeters of 2 to 6 shaft position groove widths), with the blacking mark corresponding basis put pin width (720 millimeters).

On No. 4 lines, then indicate A to D axis and corresponding wall thickness position; No. 5 line is marked with corresponding groove width and puts pin (size as shown in Figure 1).

In like manner select long 5 meters the prefabricated day-mark alignment of little line for use, it is marked with skin number, horizontal level point, door and window open height, basic groove depth, puts pin height and position, roof (figure slightly).

When carrying out foundation construction, find out main shaft stake (1,7 and A, D crossing point of axes) earlier, draw stake and sight rail; Draw vertical calibration line No. 3 at A, D axle after the levelling, 1,7 is drawn the slogan banner alignment No. 5; Locating pin in the main shaft stake corresponding with it of on four calibration lines 1,7, A, D shaft core position point is overlapped.Draw little line according to the exterior wall size on each calibration line, find out the position at four exterior wall big angles, 1.5 0.1 0.02 meters wooden location thread gripping-board is carried on a shoulder pole on the sight rail of determining longitudinal and transverse main shaft, hanging wire nail on the thread gripping-board of location is overlapped with longitudinal and transverse exterior wall line intersection point, and on sight rail and location thread gripping-board, draw telltale mark.

Draw little line according to the fluting size of each axis correspondence on the calibration line again, spread the foundation trench gray line, levelling, fluting, matting layer.

When the basis is put pin and laid bricks unwrapping wire, the location thread gripping-board is fixed on the sight rail of four jiaos of foundation trench by the telltale mark on himself and the sight rail, finds out the subpoint of hanging wire nail on foundation pad with plumb bob, so obtain the location point at four big angles of external wall of house.Be as the criterion with these 4, draw longitudinal and transverse calibration line (3, No. 5 lines), and with laterite line (or line of ink marker) with each axis on the calibration line put pin size bullet on foundation pad, put the foundation of pin as block.

Finish building and put pin, carry out the foundation wall unwrapping wire of laying bricks.Find out hanging wire nail on the thread gripping-board of location with plumb bob and put subpoint on the pin on the basis, obtain the location point at four big angles of external wall of house.Be as the criterion with these 4 and draw longitudinal and transverse calibration line (3, No. 5 lines), the blank wall size of each axis is drawn on the basis put on the pin.Draw the day-mark alignment from hanging wire nail to its subpoint of putting on the basis on the pin again, the horizontal level point on the line is overlapped with horizon on the sight rail, be fixed in again and put on the pin.Simultaneously, the underframe 1 of flex holder shown in Figure 5 is arranged in a side of each axis wall at interval, builds two-layer brick and fix; Refill cross tube 5, hang the day-mark alignment from above, and the theoretical vertical plane of itself and each wall is coincided.The relative position of adjusting cross bars 5 and underframe 1 by the adjustment screw on the underframe 12 carries out levelling, again the lower end of day-mark alignment is fixed on the basis and puts on the pin, as the foundation of building the basis.

When building foundation wall, the plug-in unit 2 on the dish shown in Figure 4 angle flex holder underframe 1 in Fig. 3 arrangement is pressed at the place at four exterior wall big angles.

After foundation wall finishes building, carry out the main body unwrapping wire of laying bricks.Be as the criterion with four jiaos of day-mark alignments of foundation wall and draw longitudinal and transverse calibration line (1,2, No. 4 line), a side at each road wall of basis is drawn in door and window mouth position.Underframe 1 with dish shown in Figure 4 angle flex holder is installed on four exterior wall big angles by connection angle bar 3 on the plug-in unit 2 and trip bolt 4 simultaneously; Adjust fixingly with carving son 5 and holding screw 6, refill three support bars 7 and right angle type horizontal axis 8 and rotatable horizontal axis 9.Support bar 3 with each flex holder assembles by Fig. 5 in addition.

Height by adjustment screw 12,13,14 on the flex holder of dish shown in Figure 4 angle and 2,4 each frame of adjustment of the adjustment screw on the flex holder shown in Figure 5 makes its top be higher than floor height.The cross bar 5 usefulness finer wires at the flex holder top of arranging on the reel 16, locking device 18 and 1,7, A, B, C, D axle foundation wall by four dish flex holder tops, angle draw logical line and tensioning again, and (wire should be higher than 20 centimetres of floor heights) make 1,7, the finer wire line of A, four tops of D overlaps with the corresponding four theoretical vertical planes that block up wall faces; B, C, the finer wire line of diaxon top and the theoretical vertical plane of the indoor one side of passage wall coincide.Draw the day-mark alignment from four big angles of foundation wall exterior wall, interior exterior wall junction and each doorway the angle to the wire of its top and the reel 15 and the cross bar 5 of each top of the trellis then.Day-mark alignment lower end is fixed on the foundation wall, and the horizon on the horizontal level point of its lower end and the foundation wall coincide (levelling); Again the point of the floor height on each line is carried out levelling, and proofread and correct vertical, fixing then with vertical survey device shown in Figure 6.Like this, each day-mark alignment just becomes the foundation of controlling each degree of gravity vertical forwall surface and height dimension when build by laying bricks or stones in whole house.

In the process of laying bricks, can build passage earlier, build partition wall again, build exterior wall at last.When exterior wall was built window height, the available wire of at each window the angle being located upward with quadrat method drew the control foundation of day-mark alignment as lay bricks skin number and verticality.After puzzling, body of wall can carry out other construction.

Because the calibration line in the building method of the present invention is unified the making, so can distinguish the unwrapping wire hanging wire as required in whole building process, segmentation is built by laying bricks or stones, needn't stick to the description of present embodiment.Equally, the production quantity of the selection of its unwrapping wire mode, calibration line kind and various calibration lines and mark mode all can need decision by construction.(can be marked on the single line by shown in Figure 2) as three vertical calibration lines in the present embodiment

Claims (2)

1, a kind of building with brick-concrete structure instrument of building by laying bricks or stones-dish angle flex holder, it is characterized in that, by a right angle type underframe that has three vertical rods, three with underframe on the support bar that joins of vertical rod and the horizontal axis of three reels that are equipped with tight device with lock respectively form, wherein two horizontal axis are rectangular in shape and underframe is installed in parallel in support bar top, another root horizontal axis by its end the vertical axis leg and the vertical axle sleeve arranged parallel at place, right angle type horizontal axis right angle at these two above the axle, and can do the horizontal direction rotation, reel on each all can move axially, the plug-in unit of a band chock respectively is housed in the end of underframe two right-angle sides, a holding screw then is housed respectively near the right angle end.

2, a kind of building with brick-concrete structure building method, putting pin by basic grooving unwrapping wire, grooving, basis builds unwrapping wire, foundation wall unwrapping wire, the main body several parts of unwrapping wire of laying bricks of laying bricks by laying bricks or stones and forms, use the calibration line form the basis during unwrapping wire, use location thread gripping-board, dish angle flex holder, flex holder and calibration line to make rule when laying bricks, proofread and correct with the vertical survey device, it is characterized in that the rule that adopts dish as claimed in claim 1 angle flex holder to hang to establish vertical line and stretch-draw horizon to make unwrapping wire and lay bricks.

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