CN101188453A - 用于无线蜂窝室内通信的方法和*** - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于无线蜂窝室内通信的方法,该方法包括:至少一个基站通过第一数字连接接口连接到小区管理单元,小区管理单元通过第二数字连接接口连接到至少一个RF集线器,至少一个RF集线器通过第三数字连接接口连接到至少一个拉远射频头,至少一个拉远射频头在限定环境内部的特定小区区域中提供服务,并且小区管理单元包括:用于在基站处和基站之间提供高效的负载平衡的装置;用于将载波、时间、频率或时频分配映射到个别射频头的装置;用于对个别延迟进行校准的装置;用于对小区管理单元与个别拉远射频头之间的信号进行同步的装置;以及用于对小区管理单元与拉远射频头之间的个别数字链路进行故障检测的装置。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及室内通信***,并且特别地涉及建筑物和隧道中的无线蜂窝通信***。
背景技术
无线通信***正在成为现代通信的日益普及的现象。由于很多用户在建筑物或其他限定结构内进行越来越多的蜂窝呼叫或数据传输,需要在适当的容量上获得高质量的室内覆盖。
图1中示出了将例如GSM或UMTS的无线通信服务从室外环境扩展到室内区域的传统配置,其特征是利用转发器R,该转发器R典型地位于建筑物B内以用于在建筑物内转发在外部天线A1处接收到的无线信号Ws或在建筑物外转发位于建筑物B内部的移动台Ms例如移动电话、手持计算机等的无线信号Ws。在下行链路中,也就是当无线信号Ws从外部环境被发送到建筑物B内部的移动台Ms时,所述室外无线信号沿着第一连接Co1传递到转发器R,转发器R沿着第二连接Co2将该信号转发到多个互连的放大器Am,放大器放大信号,信号随后通过室内天线A2-A4发射。在上行链路方向上,也就是当无线信号Ws从移动台Ms被发送到建筑物B外部的无线基础设施时,转发器R沿着连接Co2接收所述信号,并沿着连接Co1将信号发送到外部天线A1。
还有可能室内通信结构的转发器R被沿着连接Co1连接到通信核心网的基站取代。典型地,信息经由建筑物和限定区域内部的模拟信号进行分发。
图2中示出了另一种提供无线蜂窝服务的已知的室内通信***。核心网CN连接到基站Bs。来自基站或离播(off-air)转发器OAR的射频(RF)信号在基站接口BSI被数字化为基带信号(并且在上行链路传输中反之亦然),并且使用例如第5类(CAT5)或光纤的数字线缆以数据包的形式被分发到至少一个以太网交换机ES。以太网交换机ES随后将信息分发到服务于特定小区范围C1和C2的相应拉远射频头RH1-RH4。专利申请US 2005/0157675 A1公开了这种***的一个例子。这种***的好处在于它们由于使用或重新使用了低成本的分发线缆而提供了具有成本效益的解决方案,这些分发线缆通常已经总体上或部分地在建筑物中存在并且被用于例如使用以太网协议的局域网LAN结构的其他类型的数字通信。
使用标准以太网交换机,由于对数据流划分扇区可以获得小区配置。通常,在每个以太网扇区中都需要以太网集线器以用于下行链路中的数据分发和上行链路中的数据打包。集线器功能布置在至少一个相关联的拉远射频头中。在复杂的***中,需要一系列的以太网交换机,并且数据流的瓶颈是明显的,这是由于以太网交换机的1到n分发特征导致限制网络的容量。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有改进的小区和负载平衡管理的无线蜂窝室内通信方法和***。
通过根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***和根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信方法可以实现该目的。
本发明的用于无线蜂窝室内通信的***使用具有复杂矩阵功能的小区管理单元取代分发式标准以太网交换机来进行对多服务和多运营商功能的灵活小区管理。
小区管理单元是多个基站和以太网连接之间的接口。其为具有多载波、多服务和多运营商功能的广泛的复杂操作情形提供多功能,并提供高效的数据管理。以这种方式,可以为不同服务并行地使用拉远射频头,并可将其用于不同的功能,诸如频分复用(FDD)和时分复用(TDD)。拉远射频头由类似于原始的以太网集线器功能性的RF集线器提供服务。由于小区管理单元的紧凑布置,可以避免数据集中并且可以在复杂网络中获得高速数据传输。
小区管理单元在下行链路中的打包和寻址到射频头以及在上行链路中的解包和寻址到基站方面提供数据管理。由于小区管理单元执行对拉远射频头的频率分配,因此可以获得针对不同服务和运营商的小区管理。小区管理可以手动地执行、通过软件控制执行,或者甚至可以自动地自适应于当前小区情形而执行。
由于业务活动控制,在低业务量的位置处可以将拉远射频头中的未用载波去激活并可以将其转移到高业务量的位置处的拉远射频头并在其中将其激活。可以独立于小区管理功能执行基站中的负载平衡。以这种方式,容量可以跟得上具有动态热点分布的诸如机场、车站等的复杂建筑物中的移动用户。
当必须不再针对全建筑物内的移动用户的高峰业务量而设计小区体系结构时,可以获得成本优化。使用具有数字接口的基站和在需要容量和覆盖的专门位置的拉远射频头,可以获得进一步的成本优化。此外,由于信息在数字基带中分发,因此可以使用并最终重新使用具有成本效益的传输,诸如CAT5线缆和光纤。由于数字分发基础设施的LAN特性,有利地可以容易地重新定位拉远射频头。
可以使用移动台的低成本技术来设计射频头从而避免高RF传输电平。
附图说明
现在借助图1-图6解释本发明的实施方式的例子。
图1示出了根据现有技术的用于模拟***的第一典型室内通信***结构。
图2示出了根据现有技术的通过以太网进行信号的数字分发的无线蜂窝室内通信***。
图3示出了根据本发明的具有单独小区配置的无线蜂窝室内通信***的第一例子。
图4示出了根据本发明的具有重叠小区配置的无线蜂窝室内通信***的第二例子。
图5示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信方法的载波分配的例子。
图6示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***的示例性方框示意图。
具体实施方式
图3中示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***结构的第一个例子,包括核心网CN、基站Bs、小区管理单元CMU、离播转发器(OAR)数字接口i1-i3、RF集线器RFH1和RFH2,以及拉远射频头RH1-RH5。
在下行链路方向,针对于在诸如建筑物或隧道的室内环境内部的移动台的通信核心网信号由基站Bs接收。所述信号随后通过例如使用以太网协议或属于其他标准(例如OBSAI或CPRI)的电连接或光连接的第一连接接口i1以数字形式传递到小区管理单元CMU。小区管理单元CMU执行下行链路中的数据打包并通过例如使用以太网协议的电连接或光连接的第二数字连接接口i2将所述数字包转发到RF集线器RFH1和RFH2,RF集线器RFH1和RFH2继而通过例如使用以太网协议的电连接或光连接的第三数字连接接口i3将该包传递到拉远射频头RH1-RH5。
类似地,在上行链路方向,位于室内环境中的移动台所发送的射频信号Ws由拉远射频头RH1-RH5接收并利用RF集线器中的数据打包发送到核心网CN。
基站是不具有射频设备的传统基站。小区管理单元CMU提供从基站来看透明的射频头RH1-RH5的操作,并且该小区管理单元CMU包括:通往基站Bs和离播转发器OAR的标准数字接口、用以连接RF集线器RFH1和RFH2的至少一个以太网接口、用于进行数据分发和小区组织的可根据***尺寸配置大小和功能性的智能切换单元、将不同基站与多个RF集线器组合的复杂矩阵功能、用于全透明性的多服务和多运营商功能性、用于静态小区配置的灵活小区管理、用于自适应小区配置的自动小区管理。
CMU优选地包括以下功能性(以一种独立于所用的空中接口标准的形式):
-用于通过自适应小区重新配置,尤其是通过从在低业务量负载的区域内部的射频头将未用载波转移到在高业务量负载的区域内部的射频头,在基站处和基站之间提供高效的负载平衡的装置,例如用于通过空中接***动检测和干扰感测对每个射频头上的每个载波进行个别负载识别的装置。由此在个别支持的空中接口协议的基础上实现空中接***动检测;用于在个别的基础上对每一射频头的未用载波进行去激活的装置;用于将载波从未使用这些载波的射频头转移到其有效载波上具有高负载的射频头上的装置;用于在高负载的位置(射频头)处激活所转移的载波的装置。自适应小区重新配置的小区管理单元机制由此将不需要改变接入节点(例如,BTS、节点B、WiMAX基站)处或接入节点之间的负载平衡机制,也不需要接入节点与CMU之间的用于支持负载平衡的任何专用消息传送。
-用于将载波或时间、频率或时频分配映射到个别射频头的装置,例如通过其MAC地址或该射频头连接到的各数字线路的连接器所标识的那样;
-用于对在小区管理单元与每个射频头之间的数字连接上累积的个别延迟进行校准的延迟管理装置;
-用于对小区管理单元与个别拉远射频头之间的信号进行同步的装置;
-用于小区管理单元与射频头之间的个别数字链路的故障检测装置。
RF集线器提供下行链路中到拉远射频头的数据分发和上行链路中的数据打包。
拉远射频头RH1-RH5是到用户的RF空中接口,提供到网络的数字接口。它们是根据诸如OBSAI或CPRI之类的标准的BTS的一部分。拉远射频头被配备为在每个服务的全RF带宽上发送四个载波,但是至少在上行链路上具有信道选择性。以这种方式,拉远射频头可以仅针对专门的运营商进行个别地操作。由于每个载波的频率分配可以由小区管理单元CMU远程调谐,拉远射频头RH1-RH5可以代表个别小区和/或可以作为较大小区的一部分。由此,在两种情况下,都可以获得容量扩展和/或覆盖扩展。针对FDD或TDD操作可以计划不同类型的拉远射频头。
在图3中,示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其具有单独的小区配置,即第一RF集线器RFH1连接到两个拉远射频头RH1和RH2,这两个拉远射频头RH1和RH2在特定第一室内位置区域A1内部的第一小区区域C1中提供服务,并且第二RF集线器RFH2连接到三个拉远射频头RH3-RH5,这三个拉远射频头RH3-RH5在特定第二室内位置区域A2内部的第二小区区域C2中提供服务,并且第一和第二室内位置区域A1和A2是独立或分离的。另一方面,图4示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其提供重叠的小区配置,即,现在第一RF集线器RFH1连接到两个拉远射频头RH1和RH2,RH1在小区C1中提供服务,并且RH2在小区C2中提供服务,并且小区C1和C2在同一室内位置区域A1中重叠,并且第二RF集线器RFH2连接到三个拉远射频头RH3、RH4和RH5,这三个拉远射频头RH3、RH4和RH5也在处于同一室内位置区域A2中的不同重叠小区C1和C2中提供服务。
为了总结,根据本发明,其他如在图3和图4中的例子所示出的小区配置那样的小区配置也是可能的。每个拉远射频头可以服务于不同的小区区域,或者两个或更多拉远射频头可以属于同一小区区域,所述小区区域在某个室内位置区域内部重叠,或者处于不同位置区域中。RF集线器可以连接到拉远射频头,拉远射频头可以服务于同一小区或服务于不同小区。
图5示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信方法的载波分配的例子,其针对每个拉远射频头RH-1-RH-N考虑四个载波。基站Bs向小区管理单元CMU提供M个载波Ca1-CaM,小区管理单元CMU继而将这些载波在下一级的至少一个RF集线器RFH 1-X之间进行分配。一个或多个RF集线器根据以太网包中的媒体访问控制(MAC)地址MA1-MA4将载波1-4分配给第一拉远射频头RH-1,根据MAC地址5-8将载波5-8分配给第二拉远射频头RH-2,根据MAC地址M-3-M将载波M-3-M分配给第N拉远射频头RH-N,在此M=N×4。
图6示出了根据本发明的无线蜂窝室内通信***的示例性方框示意图。在图中的例子中,小区管理单元CMU在八个基站BS1-BS8并在八个RF集线器RFH1-RFH8(但是,当然,更多或更少基站Bs和RF集线器也可以连接到CMU)上操作。每个基站可以为个别服务提供四个载波。八个BS可以覆盖不同运营商的不同服务。接口I1和I3之间的网络是全透明的,同时拉远射频头RH1-RH32专用于个别的服务。
Claims (6)
1.一种无线蜂窝室内通信***,包括通过第一数字连接接口(i1)连接到小区管理单元(CMU)的至少一个基站(Bs),通过第二数字连接接口(i2)连接到至少一个RF集线器(RFH1,RFH2)的所述小区管理单元,以及通过第三数字连接接口(i3)连接到至少一个拉远射频头(RH1-RH5)的所述至少一个RF集线器,所述至少一个拉远射频头在限定环境内部的特定小区区域(C1,C2)中提供服务,
所述小区管理单元(CMU)包括:
-用于通过自适应小区重新配置在基站处和基站之间提供高效的负载平衡的装置;
-用于将载波、时间、频率或时频分配映射到个别射频头的装置;
-用于对在所述小区管理单元与每个射频头之间的数字连接上累积的个别延迟进行校准的装置;
-用于对所述小区管理单元与所述个别拉远射频头之间的信号进行同步的装置;
-用于对所述小区管理单元与所述拉远射频头之间的个别数字链路进行故障检测的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其中所述用于支持高效的负载平衡的装置包括用于将未用载波从在低业务量负载区域内的拉远射频头转移到在高业务量负载区域内的拉远射频头的装置。
3.根据权利要求2所述的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其中所述用于将未用载波从在低业务量负载区域内的拉远射频头转移到在高业务量负载区域内的拉远射频头的装置包括:
-用于通过空中接***动检测和干扰感测对每个所述射频头上的每个载波进行个别负载识别的装置;
-用于在个别的基础上对每一拉远射频头的未用载波进行去激活的装置;
-用于将载波从未使用这些载波的射频头转移到其有效载波上具有高负载的射频头上的装置;
-用于在被加负载超过预定值的拉远射频头的位置处激活所转移的载波的装置。
4.根据权利要求1所述的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其中通过其MAC地址或所述射频头连接到的各数字线的连接器来标识所述载波、时间、频率或时频分配。
5.根据权利要求1所述的无线蜂窝室内通信***,其中所述第一、第二和第三数字接口是使用以太网协议的电连接或光连接。
6.一种用于无线蜂窝室内通信的方法,所述方法包括:
基站(Bs)通过第一数字连接接口(i1)向小区管理单元(CMU)发送呼叫或数据信息或从小区管理单元(CMU)接收呼叫或数据信息;
所述小区管理单元通过第二数字连接接口(i2)向至少一个RF集线器(RFH1,RFH2)发送呼叫或数据信息或从至少一个RF集线器(RFH1,RFH2)接收呼叫或数据信息;
所述至少一个RF集线器通过第三数字连接接口(i3)向至少一个拉远射频头(RH1-RH5)发送呼叫或数据信息或从至少一个拉远射频头(RH1-RH5)接收呼叫或数据信息,所述至少一个拉远射频头在限定环境内部的特定小区区域(C1,C2)中提供服务,以及
所述小区管理单元(CMU)包括:
-通过自适应小区重新配置在基站处和基站之间提供高效的负载平衡;
-将载波、时间、频率或时频分配映射到个别射频头;
-对在所述小区管理单元与每个射频头之间的数字连接上累积的个别延迟进行校准;
-对所述小区管理单元与所述个别拉远射频头之间的信号进行同步;
-对所述小区管理单元与所述拉远射频头之间的个别数字链路进行故障检测。
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EP06301157.1 | 2006-11-20 | ||
EP06301157.1A EP1924109B1 (en) | 2006-11-20 | 2006-11-20 | Method and system for wireless cellular indoor communications |
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CN101188453A true CN101188453A (zh) | 2008-05-28 |
CN101188453B CN101188453B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
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US (1) | US8032148B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1924109B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5124587B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101188453B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2008061701A1 (zh) |
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JP5124587B2 (ja) | 2013-01-23 |
JP2010509816A (ja) | 2010-03-25 |
WO2008061701A1 (en) | 2008-05-29 |
EP1924109A1 (en) | 2008-05-21 |
US20080119198A1 (en) | 2008-05-22 |
CN101188453B (zh) | 2011-12-07 |
EP1924109B1 (en) | 2013-11-06 |
US8032148B2 (en) | 2011-10-04 |
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