CN101172459A - 用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***和使用该***的方法 - Google Patents

用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***和使用该***的方法 Download PDF

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CN101172459A
CN101172459A CNA2007101670335A CN200710167033A CN101172459A CN 101172459 A CN101172459 A CN 101172459A CN A2007101670335 A CNA2007101670335 A CN A2007101670335A CN 200710167033 A CN200710167033 A CN 200710167033A CN 101172459 A CN101172459 A CN 101172459A
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unitor
output shaft
gear
drive system
motor
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CN101172459B (zh
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A·帕高特
S·范托利
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IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/16—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with provision for separate direct mechanical propulsion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/20—Drive modes; Transition between modes
    • B60L2260/26—Transition between different drive modes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***，该***包括：热机(10)，该热机带有装有离合器(14)的热机输出轴(12)；从动轴(18)，该从动轴连接至所述离合器并联接至变速装置(20)；至少一个设有转子(42)的电机(36)；以及位于变速装置(20)与车辆的轮子(17)之间的传动链(16)，所述传动链包括用于变速装置(20)的输出轴(22)和连接至所述输出轴的动力轴(24)。根据本发明，该***包括：在传动链的元件(22，24)中的一个元件与电机(36)的转子(42)之间的可脱开联接器(28)，以及在热机(10)的输出轴(12)与所述转子之间的另一可脱开联接器(32)。

Description

用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***和使用该***的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于混合动力车辆的驱动***、牵引或推进驱动。
这种类型的车辆通常组合热机(主要是内燃机)和连接至电源(诸如一个或多个蓄电池)的电机以用于推进车辆。该组合能在降低总的燃料消耗量并限制排放的同时优化驱动***的能量效率。
背景技术
在文献FR-2,670,440中所描述的例子中，热机包括输出轴，该输出轴驱动诸如变速驱动装置之类的变速传动装置的运动部分，且其传动接纳部分连接至车辆的动力轴。输出轴在热机和变速驱动装置之间装有电机，该电机连接至电池和两个离合器，第一离合器位于热机与电机之间，而第二离合器位于电机与变速驱动装置之间。
当想要在广速范围上以高扭矩驱动车辆且同时限制排气和噪声的产生，如在城市中的情况那样，较佳的是将电机用于驱动车辆的动力轴。
另一方面，对于要求高发动机驱动力和较广的工作范围的用途中，将热机用于驱动动力轴并从而使车辆移动。
尽管该驱动***令人满意，但仍存在一些明显的缺陷。
实际上，当仅有电机被用于驱动车辆时，它必须要具有用于驱动车辆并克服变速传动装置的所有阻力(惯性、摩擦……)的足够转矩和/或动力。此外，在车辆制动操作的过程中，籍此释放的能量的一部分被变速驱动装置消耗，且该能量仅有另一部分被回收利用，然后由电机进行转换。
如果使用机械齿轮箱来替代变速驱动装置，关键的是改变齿数比以回收利用制动能量。因此就需要脱开动力轴，这使传动断开并且制动能量的回收中断。
本发明的目标是借助于简单的驱动***来克服上述不足，所述简单的驱动***不需要用于***的各种用途的复杂的控制装置。
发明内容
因此，本发明涉及一种用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***，该***包括：热机，该热机带有装有离合器的热机输出轴；从动轴，该从动轴连接至所述离合器并联接至变速装置；至少一个设有转子的电机；以及位于变速装置与车辆的轮子之间的传动链，所述传动链包括用于变速装置的输出轴和连接至所述输出轴的动力轴，其特点是，该***包括在传动链的元件之一与电机的转子之间的可脱开联接器，以及在热机的输出轴与所述转子之间的另一可脱开联接器。
两个可脱开联接器可交替工作。
可脱开联接器可以是齿轮配合的联接器。
电机的转子可装有联接零件，该联接零件可与一个或另一个联接器的另一零件一起工作。
电机的转子可装有可沿所述转子轴向移动的小齿轮。
动力轴可装有齿轮，该齿轮与动力轴在转动上连接以与小齿轮协配从而形成可脱开联接器。
齿轮箱输出轴可包括齿轮，该齿轮与小齿轮协配从而形成可脱开联接器。
输出轴可装有齿轮，该齿轮与所述输出轴在转动上连接并布置在热机与离合器之间，以与小齿轮协配从而形成另一可脱开联接器。
该驱动***包括用于控制小齿轮的运动的装置。
附图说明
在阅读了下面以非限制性的例子的方式参照附图给出的描述之后，本发明的其它特征和优点会变得清楚，在各附图中：
图1是示出第一配置下的根据本发明的混合动力车辆的驱动***的图；和
图2是示出处于第二配置的图1所示***。
具体实施方式
在这些附图中，用于驱动混合动力车辆的***包括热机10，特别是内燃机，且该热机10带有热机输出轴12，该输出轴12设有连接至从动轴18的离合器14，该从动轴18与诸如自动齿轮箱之类的变速传动装置20联接，并用作齿轮箱的输入轴。传动链16设置在该齿轮箱与车辆的轮子17之间。该传动链包括多个零件，且使齿轮箱的输出轴22直接或借助于诸如为半轴之类的传动装置26连接至动力轴24，该动力轴24驱动车辆的轮子。动力轴24还包括第一可脱开联接器的零件中的一个零件，所述零件在所示的例子中为齿轮联接器的齿轮30。
齿轮箱20因此可借助于设置在热机轴12上并通过任何已知方式控制的离合器14来从热机轴12脱开。第二可脱开联接器的零件中的一个零件，较佳的是齿轮联接器的齿轮34，设置在热机轴上离合器14和热机10之间。
驱动***还包括电机36，该电机由蓄电池38(或电池)供给并用控制元件40控制。电机36包括转子42，该转子装有联接器的其它零件，这里是滑动小齿轮44，该滑动小齿轮适于啮合热机轴的齿轮34或动力轴的齿轮30。因此，该小齿轮在控制装置46的作用下在转子上这两个位置之间轴向滑动，所述控制装置诸如为由较佳的是电磁型的作动缸50控制的叉48。此外，该小齿轮可以在该控制装置的作用下被放置到称作中性位置的位置上，在该中性位置上，小齿轮可自由地与齿轮30、34配合。这样，第一联接器由与小齿轮44啮合的齿轮30构成，而第二联接器由也与小齿轮44啮合的齿轮34构成。
为了根据图1的配置运作，即使用热机10通过车辆的动力轴24来驱动车辆，在第一阶段用电机来实现热机启动，然后再将它用作电流发生器，用于给车辆的各种装置和附件供电和/或对车辆的电池进行再充电。
在第一阶段，离合器14致动以将热机输出轴12与齿轮箱20的输入轴断开，作动缸50控制叉48以将小齿轮44放置在致动位置，在该致动位置，小齿轮啮合(或配合)热机输出轴12的齿轮34。一旦实现这样的布置，电机36的控制元件40就使电力可经由电池38供应到该电机，以驱动转子42转动并因而驱动小齿轮44转动。在该齿轮配合的作用下，使热机轴12驱动转动，并且一旦在热机10内满足了燃烧条件后，热机10就启动。在这种情况下，电机起到传统的电起动器的作用。
较佳的是，在启动热机10之后，在借助于齿轮箱驱动动力轴的热机和动力轴的整个运作过程中都保持热机轴12与转子44之间的联接。在这样的布置中，由轴12驱动电机的转子转动，并且该电机像发电机那样工作，用于对电池进行再充电和/或对热机10和/或车辆的附件和/或元件进行供电。
在图2所示的另一配置下，仅电机36用于驱动动力轴24，热机10未启用。因此由电池38供给该电机，并且控制装置40控制转子42的转速。这样，小齿轮44的轴向位移由作动缸50和叉48构成的控制装置46控制，从其如图1所示的与齿轮34啮合的位置转变成与设置动力轴上的齿轮30齿轮啮合以接合联接器。
此外，当车辆制动时，有利的是可借助于电机36回收利用该制动能量，此时的电机36就不再是原动机而是接受机械能的机器，它如发电机的情况一样，将机械能转化成电能以供使用或储存在电池38中。
在车辆在电机的作用下移动的同时启动热机的一种变化形式中，可以使用图2所示的小齿轮44与啮合于动力轴24的齿轮配合的配置。
在该配置中，传动比已啮合成，但离合器14处于脱开位置。控制元件40使电力可经由电池38供应到该电机，以驱动转子42转动，并因而驱动小齿轮44和齿轮30转动。在该齿轮配合的作用下，将动力轴24驱动转动，并且通过半轴26驱动齿轮箱输出轴22转动。通过作用在离合器14上以使该离合器的两部分之间滑动然后使它们联接，就可驱动热机输出轴12转动。一旦在热机10的燃烧室中满足了燃烧条件，热机就启动。
较佳的是，在已启动了热机10之后，在热机的整个运作过程中都保持动力轴25与转子42之间的联接，并且电机在动力轴转动运动以由热机来使发动机运动时像发电机那样工作。
也可借助于如上所述的相同过程来实现热机的启动，但是通过把小齿轮44和齿轮箱输出轴22载带的齿轮相联接来实现。
当然，不背离本发明的范围，也可以同时使用电动机和热机来驱动动力轴转动，这两种发动机类型的动力组合在图1和2所示的两种配置中。
本发明并不局限于上述的例子，它包括任何的变化形式或等效形式。
特别是，联接器28、32可以设有任何可保证小齿轮44与齿轮30、34的齿轮配合的装置，诸如同步啮合组件(或更常见地称作同步组件)之类的装置。
类似地，上面的描述中所提及的热机涵盖利用诸如汽油、柴油或气体之类的化石燃料以及乙醇或其它类型的生物燃料来运转的内燃机。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于混合动力车辆的行进驱动***，该***包括：热机(10)，该热机带有装有离合器(14)的热机输出轴(12)；从动轴(18)，该从动轴连接至所述离合器并联接至变速装置(20)；至少一个设有转子(42)的电机(36)；以及位于所述变速装置(20)与所述车辆的轮子(17)之间的传动链(16)，所述传动链包括用于所述变速装置(20)的输出轴(22)和连接至所述输出轴的动力轴(24)，其特征在于，该***包括：在所述传动链的元件(22，24)中的一个元件与所述电机(36)的所述转子(42)之间的可脱开联接器(28)，以及在所述热机(10)的输出轴(12)与所述转子之间的另一可脱开联接器(32)。
2.如权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述两个可脱开联接器(28，32)交替工作。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述可脱开联接器(28，32)是齿轮配合的联接器。
4.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述电机的所述转子(42)装有联接零件(44)，该联接零件可与一个或另一个联接器(28，32)的另一零件(30，34)一起工作。
5.如权利要求4所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述电机(36)的所述转子(42)装有可沿所述转子轴向移动的小齿轮(44)。
6.如权利要求5所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述动力轴(24)装有齿轮(30)，该齿轮与所述动力轴转动连接以与小齿轮(44)协配从而形成可脱开联接器(28)。
7.如权利要求1所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述齿轮箱输出轴(22)包括齿轮，该齿轮与小齿轮(44)协配从而形成可脱开联接器(28)。
8.如权利要求5所述的驱动***，其特征在于，所述输出轴(12)装有齿轮(34)，该齿轮与所述输出轴转动连接并布置在所述热机与所述离合器之间，以与小齿轮(44)协配从而形成另一可脱开联接器(30)。
9.如权利要求1至8中任一项所述的驱动***，其特征在于，该驱动***包括用于控制小齿轮(44)的运动的装置(46，48，50)。
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