CN101168684A - 乳化油 - Google Patents
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- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC DCAYPVUWAIABOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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Abstract
本发明是一种油包水(W/O)型乳化油(H2O20%/CnH2n+280%)和双氧水包油(O/W)型乳化油(CnH2n+210%/H2O290%)。乳化油在空气和水复合氧化作用下,实现碳元素完全燃烧,能量完全释放,燃油发热率从原有86%提高到106%。其燃烧机理和热能释放过程如图。
Description
技术领域:本发明乳化油为能源领域新产品,新技术。
背景技术:自从1860年在宾西法尼亚发现石油,到1863年洛克菲勒精炼利用石油开始,至今146年来,沿用在空气中点燃石油及其产品取得能量。其燃烧反应可用下式表示:
如今矿物燃料仍占全球能源需求的85%,在消费中处于主导地位,按照现行传统燃油技术水平,通常石油及其产品的发热值为41870KJ/kg,仅有汽油发热值48430KJ/kg的86%;柴油发热值47810KJ/kg的87%。理论计算和观察燃油产生的红色火焰,黑烟尾气,均证明用单一石油及其产品为燃料,因在空气中不完全燃烧产生炭黑和一氧化碳毒气排放大气,不但造成占油料重量80%以上的碳无素流失和能量损失,而且造成污染大气的公害。这一浪费能源,危害环境的西方老路不堪回首。
在2005年第18届世界石油大会上,大会***埃伊瓦德·勒伦告诫“中国不要走西方老路”,呼吁中国提高能源利用效率!寻求全球能源可持续发展的途径!!
发明内容:本发明以石油及其产品和水为原料,采用先进的乳化剂和乳化设备,科学、合理配制氧化还原复合燃料乳化油。其突出实质性特点为石油及其产品从传统能源发展为廉价、高效、绿色新能源。石油及其产品的发热率从原有的86%提高到106%,增加20%燃料发热量;开辟一条全球能源可持续发展的捷径。以不同的油为原料,可制取乳化煤油、乳化汽油、乳化柴油、乳化重油等不同的乳化油新产品。
具体实施方式:按重量分别取原料油四份和原料水一份,配制五份油包水(W/O)型乳化油新产品,其组成特点为(H2O20%/CnH2n+280%);
按重量分别取原料油一份,双氧水九份,配制十份,水包油(0/W)型双氧水乳化油新产品。其组成特点为(CnH2n+210%/H2O290%),其性能特点为不用空气氧化,其动力性能增加超千倍,尾气不含(NOx)氮氧化物。彻底消除汽车尾气污染大气。
举例:1、取柴油1吨,水0.25吨,乳化配制1.25.吨乳化柴油产品。
2、取柴油或重油1吨,双氧水9吨,乳化配制10吨双氧水乳化油。
乳化油的燃烧机理和突出特点
第一、突破单一传统燃烧方式,创新双复合燃烧新技术。其实质性特点为油包水增加供氧量,创新利用煤气化反应、释放水的化学能、增加发热量、提高能源利用效率。创新复合燃料和复合氧化剂燃烧,提高燃烧技术水平,产生燃料完全燃烧,消除大气污染的积极效果。
石油及天然气的主要成分为烷烃,常用天然气甲烷(CH4)、煤油己烷(C6H14)、汽油辛烷(C8H18)、柴油十六烷(C16H34)等石化产品,以及生物柴油(C19H40)。其组成可用CnH2n+2的通式表示。
单一石油及其产品在氧气中燃烧取热按下列化学反应进行:
发热量按下式计算:Q=(237+660.5Cn)KJ/mol
由于传统燃烧方式,均以空气为氧化剂,因供氧不足,碳元素不能完全氧化成二氧化碳。碳元素的燃烧热不能全部释放,造成碳的流失和热能损失。
氧化还原复合燃料乳化油在空气和水二种氧化剂复合作用下完成:
第一步:点燃油料。氢元素全部被空气氧化成水,释放占油料总热量40%以上的氢元素所有的燃烧热。称为油料无机化反应。其特点为产生赤热碳和2000℃以上高温。用下列化学反应式表示:
Qi=(237+266.5Cn)KJ/mol
第二步:油料中碳无素被水氧化成一氧化碳,同时水被还原出氢气,即发生煤气化反应。其特点为吸收20%总热量,使廉价水产生高能水煤气,提高碳能利用效率。创新开发利用水的化学能,取得科学合理利用传统能源的积极效果,用下列化学反应式表示:
Q2=131.4CnKJ/mol
第三步:煤气燃烧。一氧化碳氧化成二氧化碳;氢气氧化成再生水。产生火焰温度3273K,完全释放乳化油的能量。其特点是高效利用石油资源,高效利用水的消耗和再生释放能量,增加7%氢元素发热量。并产生消除大气污染公害的积极效果。用下列化学反应式表示:
Q3=284CnKJ/mol
第二、燃料发热值显著增加,传统能源利用效率显著提高。
实例1、汽油C8H18 汽油理论发热值5521KJ/mol(48430 KJ/Kg)
实际发热值4773.2KJ/mol (41870KJ/Kg)
发热率:86%
乳化汽油发热值:5875.4KJ/mol(51539KJ/Kg)
其燃烧反应和能量释放过程如下:
第一步:2C8H18+9O2=16C+18H2O+Q1KJ/mol(40%)
Q1=237+266.5×8=2369KJ/mol
第二步:C+H2O=CO+H2-Q2KJ/mol(-18%)
Q2=131.40×8=1051.2KJ/mol
第三步:2CO+O2=2CO2+Q3KJ/mol(39%)
Q3=284×8=2272KJ/mol
2H2+O2=2H2O+Q4KJ/mol(39%)
Q4=285.7×8=2285.6KJ/mol
比较汽油和乳化汽油发热值结果:
1、理论增加发热值354.4KJ/mol(3109KJ/Kg)
实际增加发热值1102.2KJ/mol(9668KJ/Kg)
2、乳化汽油发热率:106%
3、提高发热率:20%
实例2、柴油C16H34 理论发热值10805KJ/mol(47810KJ/Kg)
实际发热值:9462.6KJ/mol(41870KJ/Kg)
实际发热率:87%
乳化柴油发热值:11514KJ/mol (50946KJ/Kg)
其燃烧反应和能量释放过程如下:
第一步:2C16H34+17O2=32C+34H2O+Q1KJ/mol(40%)
Q1=237+266.5×16=4501KJ/mol
第二步:C+H2O=CO+H2-Q2KJ/mol(-20%)
Q2=131.4×16=2102.4KJ/mol
第三步:2CO+O2=2CO2+Q3KJ/mol(40%)
Q3=284×16=4544KJ/mol
2H2+O2=2H2O+Q4KJ/mol(40%)
Q4=285.7×16=4571.2KJ/mol
比较柴油和乳化柴油发热值结果:
1、理论增加发热值709KJ/mol(3137KJ/Kg)
2、实际增加发热值2051.4KJ/mol (9077KJ/Kg)
3、提高发热率20%
实例3双氧水乳化重柴油
第三、占油料重量80%以上碳元素在过量氧化剂水催化作用下,完全氧化成二氧化碳排放。其燃烧反应的特点:水资源在煤气化反应中消耗,在煤气燃烧中再生;同步对等利用不可再生矿物燃料资源和可再生水资源,改变全球对矿物燃料的需求,从占85%主导地位,削减到65%和水资源对等消耗的地位;创新节约20%不可再生的矿物燃料资源,实现完全利用能源的最高目标的要求。
第四:确认油水比为四比一的高效利用水和油两种传统能源的合理配比准则,形成乳化油组成成份为油80%、水20%的质量标准,开辟综合开发利用空气、水、矿物燃料三大自然资源的道路,开创全球能源可持续发展途径,实现106%高效利用能源的具体目标。
根据物质不灭定律,能量守恒定律,水和烃类有机物的化学性质,通过对汽油和柴油发热值的热化学实际计算。确认油水合理配比为四比一。其科学性、合理性表现如下:
一、水配比少于一的,则产生燃烧不完全,造成碳元素在燃烧过程中流失及其热量损失并对大气污染公害。量越小,损失越大,危害越大。
二、水配比大于一的,则影响发动机的点火性能,量越大,影响越大,甚至不能点火而丧失实际使用价值产生成品变废品的严重后果。
三、创新复合燃料和复合氧化剂双复合燃烧新技术。其特点:在燃烧过程中,同步,合理消耗矿物燃料四份,水一份,空气二十六份。
第五、社会经济效益特别巨大:
一、原料油四份和原料水一份,配制五份乳化油产品。能源成倍增加。生产和使用乳化油,将是当今国际社会,共同应急解决原油资源匮乏和应对能源危机的强劲手段,质优价廉的乳化油的生产和消费,成倍增加生产利润和节约消费开支,充分满足如今全球对能源需求迅速增加和质量要求不断提高的需要,有效抵制油价飚升,稳定全球政治***势。
二、乳化油燃烧性能一致和结果一样,所以只要生产乳化原油,可以满足全球能源需求的数量要求和质量要求。可以从源头削减炼油费用投资、消费投入、削减治污损失。
三、通常采用裂化重油,使长链裂解为短链烃,扩大煤油汽油来源,满足市场需求。因裂化反应不但要耗费大量热能,而且产生碳元素的流失及能量损失,经济效益得不偿失,没有实际应用价值。
采用乳化原油,实现百分之百利用原油热量。而且使炼油最终残留有机废料变成为高能燃料之宝,增加燃油供求量。安定国际政治经济秩序。
常用燃料的燃烧反应及其发热值
Claims (4)
1.本发明由20%水和80%油或由90%双氧水和10%油,乳化配制成氧化还原复合燃料乳化油。其结构特征为油包水(W/O)型、化学组成为(H2O20%/CnH2n+280%)或水包油(O/W)型、化学组成为(CnH2n+210%/H2O290%)的乳状液。
2.本发明创新复合燃料和复合氧化剂双复合燃烧新技术。其特征是与单一燃料油在单纯空气中燃烧情形相比,其燃油发热值从原有86%提高到106%,发热率增加20%。
3.本发明乳化液的水份含量,能将油不完全燃烧产生赤热C完全氧化成CO,水还原出氢气,产生水煤气。其特征是完全消除原单一燃料油因不完全燃烧析出碳粒和一氧化碳,造成尾气污染空气。
4.本发明双氧水乳化油,其燃料油燃烧由纯双氧水氧化作用完全。其特征为尾气不含氮氧化物(NOx),生成尾气体积比乳化燃油体积大千倍,动力性能比水乳化油大干倍。双氧水乳化油为绿色高能新能源。
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