CN101164806A - Moving body - Google Patents
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- CN101164806A CN101164806A CNA2007101668354A CN200710166835A CN101164806A CN 101164806 A CN101164806 A CN 101164806A CN A2007101668354 A CNA2007101668354 A CN A2007101668354A CN 200710166835 A CN200710166835 A CN 200710166835A CN 101164806 A CN101164806 A CN 101164806A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Abstract
Water contained in exhaust gas discharged from a fuel cell stack 22 is separated by a gas-liquid separator 48 and is accumulated in a recovery tank 54. The procedure of the invention sets a release amount of water and selects one or multiple positions for water release, based on the driving conditions including the vehicle speed and the acceleration, the turning state, activation or non-activation of skid reduction control, the distance from any object detected by clearance sonars 94a through 94d, a distance from a subsequent vehicle measured by an extremely high frequency radar 92, and the presence of raindrops detected by a raindrop detection sensor, and releases the water accumulated in the recovery tank 54 from water outlets at the selected one or multiple positions among water outlets 58a through 58f at multiple different locations. This arrangement ensures adequate release of the water produced by the fuel cell stack 22 to the atmosphere.
Description
The application is to be that August 12, application number in 2004 are 200480024397.2, invention and created name is the applying date: the dividing an application of the Chinese patent application of " moving body ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of moving body.More specifically, the present invention relates to a kind of moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell is installed on the described moving body and when producing electric power as electric power source and produces water as side production.
Background technology
An example of the moving body that is proposed is at the motor bike (for example, see Japanese Patent Laid Open Publication communique No.2001-313056) of vehicular sideview discharging by the water of fuel cell generation.The water that is produced by fuel cell in vehicular sideview discharging prevents the possible breakdown that caused by water splashing on wheel, for example, and the sideslip of wheel.
Summary of the invention
As mentioned above, the vehicle that fuel cell is installed needs to discharge the water that is produced by fuel cell in the process of moving.Even when the mode discharge water avoiding breakking away not get wheel wet, the water that is discharged also may cause follow-up and near some fault of vehicle.For example, the water that is discharged may be rolled by vehicle ' wind and disperse (scattering) and splash on the front glass of follow-up vehicle.But, water may cause along horizontal discharging the water spilling of being discharged the pedestrian on the curb or near building.
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of moving body, the possible defective that this moving body inhibition is rolled and dispersed and caused by the water that fuel cell discharged of moving body.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of moving body, the water that this moving body suppresses to be discharged splashes in the possible defective on any pedestrian and near the building.The present invention also aims to provide a kind of moving body, this moving body suppresses the water that discharged to being positioned at may influencing of another moving body behind this moving body.The objective of the invention is and suitably to be discharged into the atmosphere from the water of fuel cell exhaust.
For realizing that to the small part above-mentioned purpose, moving body of the present invention is constructed as follows.
First moving body of the present invention is the moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell is installed on the described moving body and when producing electric power as electric power source and produces water as side production, and described moving body comprises: will be accumulated in water storage container wherein by the water that described fuel cell produces; Discharge water that produces by described fuel cell and the exhaust unit that is accumulated in the water in the described water storage container by at least one discharge port to atmosphere; Detect the state detection unit of the state of described moving body; And in response to the emission control unit of the described exhaust unit of the mode control that is detected with the discharging of regulating described water.
First moving body of the present invention will be discharged in the atmosphere by described fuel cell water that produces and the water of accumulating by at least one discharge port in response to the state of detected moving body.This layout is guaranteed according to the state of moving body water suitably to be discharged in the atmosphere.Here, term " water storage container " refers to that any passage that is arranged in from the fuel cell to the discharge port can accumulate container, vessel and the space of water, for example, be used to accumulate the water receiver of water, and be used for water flows to discharge port from fuel cell the passage passage of the current of the waste gas of discharging (particularly with) from fuel cell.Term " moving body " comprises any ground (land) moving body, for example, and automobile, train or any other various vehicles.Except fuel cell, moving body can have other electric power source, for example secondary battery, cond and electrical generator.
In a preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the mobile status of described moving body, and, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls, so that compare, be limited in the discharging that detects described water under the mobile status of described moving body by described state detection unit with the discharging of described water under the halted state of described moving body.This arrangement constraints may the influencing of water discharging during moving body moves, for example, make drain water roll by the mobile windstream that causes of moving body and disperse and spatter in possible unfavorable (influence) that be positioned on any other moving body of back or side, make drain water spatter possible unfavorable on any pedestrian and nearby buildings, and make drain water disturb stable move possible unfavorable of moving body.
In the preferred embodiment of discharging of restriction water in mobile status of first moving body of the present invention, when the mobile status of the described moving body that is detected by described state detection unit during corresponding to predetermined mobile status, may command described exhaust unit in described emission control unit is to forbid the discharging of described water.Under predetermined mobile status, this layout prevents effectively because that the discharging of water brings is possible unfavorable.At this, predetermined mobile status can represent that described moving body is to be scheduled to moving velocity or to be higher than the state that predetermined moving velocity moves.
In the above preferred embodiment of discharging of restriction water in mobile status of first moving body of the present invention, described emission control unit can respond the halted state of the described moving body that is detected by described state detection unit and control described exhaust unit with the described water of discharging in the first quantity discharged scope, response is controlled described exhaust unit high-volume to discharge described water in the scope at second series by the mobile status of the described moving body that described state detection unit detects, and wherein this second series high-volume is lower than described first quantity discharged.This layout is guaranteed: the water that when moving body is in halted state, discharges in the first quantity discharged scope, and when moving body is in mobile status at second series suitable discharge water in the scope high-volume.Thus, suitably prevented when moving body is in mobile status because that the discharging of water brings is possible unfavorable.
In the above preferred embodiment of discharging of restriction water in mobile status of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit can detect the moving velocity of described moving body.In this case, described exhaust unit can be controlled to reduce the discharging of described water along with the increase of the moving velocity that is detected by described state detection unit in the emission control unit.In this case, use as another kind, described emission control unit can be set and trend towards the permission emission limits that reduces along with the increase of the moving velocity that is detected by described state detection unit, and controls described exhaust unit with the described water of discharging in the permission emission limits scope of setting.This layout prevent since with the increase of moving body moving velocity take place more continually that the discharging of water brings unfavorable.
In a preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the acceleration mode of described moving body, and the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls, to compare, be limited in the discharging that detects described water under the situation of acceleration mode of described moving body by described state detection unit with the discharging of described water under the situation of the acceleration mode that does not detect described moving body.Poor stability when moving than constant speed when usually, moving body quickens.This embodiment is limited in the stack that may act on (unfavorable) of water discharging in the possible unstable acceleration mode.When the acceleration/accel of the described moving body that is detected by described state detection unit was not less than predetermined value, may command described exhaust unit in described emission control unit was to forbid the discharging of described water.This layout prevents to be not less than the acceleration/accel of predetermined value effectively down because water discharges brought possible unfavorable.
In a preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the mobile status of described moving body, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit so that the water of discharging is less than the water that is produced by described fuel cell by the mobile status of the described moving body of described state detection unit detection.This layout reduces the discharging of moving body at mobile status water of following time.
In another preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the relative velocity of flow of ambient air with respect to described moving body, and the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is to reduce the discharging of described water along with the increase of the relative velocity of the flow of ambient air that is detected by described state detection unit.The degree of dispersing or rolling that drain water is caused by flow of ambient air depends on the relative velocity of flow of ambient air with respect to drain water.Along with the increase of flow of ambient air with respect to the relative velocity of moving body, the discharging of described water reduces.This layout has suppressed drain water as desired and has been dispersed by flow of ambient air or roll.In this preferred embodiment, when the relative velocity of the flow of ambient air that is detected by described state detection unit was not less than predetermined value, may command described exhaust unit in described emission control unit was to forbid the discharging of described water.When flow of ambient air relatively moves the relative velocity of body when being not less than predetermined value, this layout suitably prevents because that the discharging of water brings is possible unfavorable.
In another preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the braking mode of described moving body, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water by the braking mode of the described moving body of described state detection unit detection.The water that this layout suppresses discharging is to may disturbing that the smooth braking of moving body causes.In the preferred embodiment, when the braking mode of the described moving body that is detected by described state detection unit during corresponding to predetermined braking mode, may command described exhaust unit in described emission control unit is to forbid the discharging of described water.This layout is suppressed at the water that discharges under the predetermined braking mode to may disturbing that the smooth braking of moving body causes.
In another preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the regulation turn condition of described moving body, and the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls, to compare, be limited in discharging by described water under the situation of the detected described regulation turn condition of described state detection unit with the discharging of described water under the situation that does not detect described regulation turn condition.This layout prevents drain water effectively to may the disturbing of the turning stability of moving body, for example, and as may breakking away of the vehicle of the exemplary of moving body.At this, the restriction of the discharging of described water is comprised the discharging of forbidding described water.
In the preferred embodiment of stipulating the discharging of restriction water in the turn condition of first moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit has at least two left sides that lay respectively at described moving body and right side in order to discharge the discharge port of described water, and detecting by described state detection unit under the situation of described regulation turn condition, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is with the discharging of the water of at least one discharge port among at least two discharge port of the described exhaust unit that is limited in described left side and right side, be positioned at outer circumferential side by turning.In the turning of moving body, big centnifugal force is applied to the outer circumferential side of rotor.Thus, thus restriction can prevent drain water may disturb the stability of the turning of moving body effectively from the discharge port discharge water that is positioned at outer circumferential side by turning.In this preferred embodiment, described regulation turn condition can represent that described moving body is being equal to or less than under the speed of being scheduled to moving velocity to be not more than the turn radius turning of predetermined value.This has suppressed drain water may disturb the moving body of turn radius with the predetermined value of being not more than.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described moving body is that the vehicle of sideslip control unit with the sideslip of controlling at least one wheel is housed.Described state detection unit detects wherein said sideslip control unit and activated sideslip holddown with the sideslip of controlling described wheel, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water by the detected described sideslip holddown of described state detection unit.Break away and suppress control clamping sideslip wheel and depend on the ground-surface friction coefficient.Moist road surface is compared dry pavement and is had less friction coefficient.Thus, prevent effectively that in the restriction that break away to suppress under the state of a control the discharging of water drain water from suppressing may disturbing of control to breakking away smoothly.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.In this advantageous applications of first moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit have a plurality of diverse locations in order to discharge a plurality of discharge port of described water, and described emission control unit can respond by the detected sideslip holddown of described state detection unit, controls the discharging of described exhaust unit with restriction described water of the discharge port of the wheel of at least one influence under the control of breakking away from a plurality of discharge port of described exhaust unit.This layout prevents effectively that also drain water from suppressing may disturbing of control to breakking away smoothly.
In first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit can detect the environment of described moving body.This layout is guaranteed the suitable discharging of water according to the environment of moving body.
In the preferred embodiment of the discharging of regulating water according to the environment of detected moving body of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects the state of raining, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit and is discharged described water to allow without stint by the detected rainy state of described state detection unit.The discharging of water does not influence the mobile condition of moving body when raining, thereby need not limit the discharging of water.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.In the preferred embodiment, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit may command, to compare, increase the discharging of described water under the situation that detects the predetermined state that rains by described state detection unit with the discharging of described water under the situation that does not detect the state of raining.Under the state of raining, can increase the discharging of water.
In the preferred embodiment of the discharging of regulating water according to the environment of detected moving body of first moving body of the present invention, described moving body is a vehicle, wherein, described state detection unit detects the accumulated snow-surperficial mobile status of freezing of wherein said moving body mobile described moving body on accumulated snow surface or icing surface, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water by the accumulated snow-surperficial mobile status of freezing of the detected described moving body of described state detection unit.When vehicle is mobile on snowy road surface or ice-patch surface, this layout effectively prevents because that the discharging of water causes is possible unfavorable, for example, improving vehicle makes the unfavorable of the possibility of breakking away on the less moist road surface of friction coefficient and improves vehicle and have the unfavorable of the possibility of breakking away on the ice-patch surface of the water that freezes having drain water.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.
In another preferred embodiment of the discharging of regulating water according to the environment of detected moving body of first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit detects external air temperature, and the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is to limit the discharging of (minimizing) described water along with the reduction of the external air temperature that is detected by described state detection unit.This layout effectively prevents under the condition that externally air themperature is low because that the discharging of water causes is possible unfavorable, for example, makes steam liquefaction and causes rolling and disperse unfavorable and freeze water and increase possibility unfavorable of moving body sideslip of aqueous water.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.
In first moving body of the present invention, described state detection unit can detect the state that is positioned near the arbitrary object of described moving body.According to the state that is positioned near the object the moving body, this layout is guaranteed the suitable discharging of water.At this, term " object " comprises as the fixed object of building and structures with as other moving body and pedestrian and other people's various moving bodys.
Preferred embodiment at first moving body of the present invention according to the discharging of the detected status adjustment water that is arranged near the object the described moving body, described state detection unit detects whether there is arbitrary object in the preset distance of described moving body, and described emission control cell response by described state detection unit detected from the preset distance internal memory of described moving body at arbitrary object, control described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water.This layout effectively prevent since the discharging of water to the object that is positioned at preset distance cause possible unfavorable, for example, drain water spattered unfavorable on object directly or indirectly and increases possibility unfavorable of object sideslip by drain water.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.In the preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit have a plurality of diverse locations in order to discharge a plurality of discharge port of described water, described state detection unit can detect along a plurality of different directions whether have arbitrary object in preset distance.The described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is with restriction discharging corresponding to the described water of the discharge port of the direction of the arbitrary object in the preset distance that is detected by described state detection unit from described a plurality of discharge port.This layout more effectively prevent since the discharging of water to being positioned at possible unfavorable that near the moving body any object causes.
Preferred embodiment at first moving body of the present invention according to the discharging of the detected status adjustment water that is arranged near the object the described moving body, described state detection unit detects described moving body and the distance between another moving body of described moving body back, and when that detect with distance described another moving body during less than preset distance by described state detection unit, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is to limit the discharging of described water.This layout effectively prevent since the discharging of water to being positioned at possible unfavorable that another moving body behind the moving body causes, for example, drain water is rolled by windstream and the visual field that hinders another moving body of dispersing unfavorable and increase the unfavorable of possibility that another moving body breaks away by drain water.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.In the preferred embodiment, described state detection unit can detect the moving velocity of described moving body, and described emission control unit will be set at described preset distance by the moving velocity calculated distance of the described moving body that is detected, and respond described preset distance and control described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water.According to the moving velocity of moving body, this layout response is from the discharging of the distance control water of object.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, (boarding) state about the chaufeur of described moving body or occupant's the estimation about described state detection unit detects, and described emission control cell response is controlled described exhaust unit to limit the discharging of described water by the detected described estimation up/down state of described state detection unit.This layout prevents that effectively drain water from spattering on chaufeur that moves up and down body or passenger.At this, can be the discharging of forbidding described water to the restriction of the discharging of described water.In the preferred embodiment, described exhaust unit have a plurality of diverse locations in order to discharge a plurality of discharge port of described water, described state detection unit can detect the estimation up/down state at a plurality of diverse locations of described moving body.The described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls is with restriction discharging corresponding to the described water of the discharge port of the position that is detected described estimation up/down state by described state detection unit from described a plurality of discharge port.Under the situation that keeps discharge water, this layout prevents effectively that also drain water from spattering on chaufeur that moves up and down body or passenger.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, first moving body also comprises the accumulated state detecting unit of detection at the accumulated state of water described in the described water storage container.Described exhaust unit is controlled to regulate the discharging of described water according to the accumulated state of the described water that is detected by described accumulated state detecting unit in described emission control unit.This layout is regulated the discharging of water according to the accumulated state of water.In a kind of structure of the preferred embodiment of the discharging of regulating water in response to the accumulated state of detected water of first moving body of the present invention, when the accumulation of the water of the accumulated state of the described water of conduct that is detected by described accumulated state detecting unit was not more than first scheduled volume, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls was to limit the discharging of described water.In another kind of structure, when the accumulation of the water of the accumulated state of the described water of conduct that is detected by described accumulated state detecting unit was not less than second scheduled volume, the described exhaust unit of described emission control unit controls was to increase the discharging of described water.Surpass first predetermined value until the accumulation (accumulating water level) of water, preceding a kind of structure all effectively prevents because that the discharging of water causes is possible unfavorable.After the accumulation of water surpassed predetermined second value, a kind of structure in back effectively suppressed the increase of the accumulation of water.In the another kind of structure of above preferred embodiment, first moving body of the present invention of regulating the discharging of water in response to the accumulation of detected water can also comprise when the accumulation of the water of the accumulated state of the described water of conduct that is detected by described accumulated state detecting unit is not less than the 3rd scheduled volume, provides the export-restriction command unit that the export-restriction of described fuel cell is instructed.After the accumulation of water surpassed the 3rd scheduled volume, this structure suppressed the increase of the accumulation of water effectively.
In another preferred embodiment of first moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit has a plurality of discharge port at a plurality of diverse locations, and the described exhaust unit of mode control that described emission control cell response is detected by described state detection unit is to regulate from the discharging of the described water of described a plurality of discharge port.According to the state of detected moving body, this layout guarantees that water discharges from selected discharge port in position.
Second moving body of the present invention is a kind of moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell is installed on the described moving body as electric power source and produces water as side production when producing electric power, and described moving body comprises: the water that will be produced by described fuel cell is discharged into exhaust unit in the atmosphere with variable emissions status; Detect the mobile status detecting unit of the mobile status of described moving body; And the emission control unit, the emissions status of described water is determined corresponding to the mobile status that is detected in this emission control unit, thereby and controls described exhaust unit and discharge described water with determined emissions status.
Second moving body of the present invention is determined the emissions status of the water that produced by fuel cell corresponding to the mobile status of detected moving body, and discharges described water at determined emissions status.This layout is guaranteed the suitable discharging of water under according to the emissions status of the mobile status of detected moving body.The selection of suitable emissions status is prevented as desired because that the discharging of water causes is possible unfavorable, for example make drain water roll by windstream and disperse unfavorable, and make drain water spatter unfavorable near any object the moving body.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of second moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit changes the emission direction of described water, and described emission control unit is determined the emission direction of described water corresponding to the mobile status that is detected and controlled described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.According to the mobile status of moving body, this layout is guaranteed the suitable discharging of water along prescribed direction.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of emission direction discharge water second moving body of the present invention, that stipulate corresponding to the mobile status of detected moving body on the edge, described mobile status detecting unit detects the moving velocity of described moving body.Described exhaust unit can be changed into described emission direction the regulation emission direction that has along the horizontal component of described moving body.Described emission direction is determined with along with the increase of the moving velocity of the described moving body that is detected and increase horizontal component along described moving body in described emission control unit, and controls described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.Along with the increase of the moving velocity of moving body, the transverse row that has this moving body of very little influence along the mobile windstream that forms by moving body discharges water.Thus, this layout prevents that effectively windstream that drain water is produced by moving of moving body from rolling and disperse.The low moving velocity of moving body causes water along laterally discharging still less.This adjusting suppresses drain water as desired and spatters and be positioned on moving body any building, structures or the pedestrian transversely.
In the another kind of preferred embodiment of emission direction discharge water second moving body of the present invention, that stipulate corresponding to the mobile status of detected moving body on the edge, described mobile status detecting unit detects the moving velocity of described moving body.Described exhaust unit can be changed into described emission direction the regulation emission direction that has towards the component at the rear of described moving body.Described emission direction is determined with along with the increase of the moving velocity of the described moving body that is detected and increase component towards the rear of described moving body in described emission control unit, and controls described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.Drain water has increased the possibility that drain water disperses and splashes with respect to the big relative velocity of ground-surface on the road surface.The dispersing largely and splash of institute's drain water increased the water yield of being rolled by the windstream of the mobile generation of moving body naturally.Along with the increase of moving body moving velocity, the structure of this embodiment is bigger along having, towards the direction discharge water of the component at the rear of described moving body.This layout has reduced drain water dispersing and splashing on the road surface, suppresses a large amount of discharge waters thus and is rolled by the windstream that is produced that moves of moving body.
In the another kind of advantageous applications of second moving body of the present invention, described exhaust unit comprises that the mass rate of emission of the mass rate of emission that changes described water changes the unit, and described emission control unit determines that corresponding to the mobile status that is detected described mass rate of emission changes the state of unit, regulate described mass rate of emission and change the unit reaching determined state, and control described exhaust unit to discharge described water.According to the mobile status of detected moving body, this layout is guaranteed discharge water under suitable mass rate of emission.
Second moving body of the present invention, under in response to the mass rate of emission of detected moving body mobile status in a kind of preferred embodiment of discharge water, described emission control unit determines that state that described mass rate of emission changes the unit is to reduce described water along the moving direction of described moving body for the ground-surface relative velocity.This layout has reduced drain water dispersing and splashing on the road surface effectively, suppresses discharge water thus and is rolled by the windstream of the mobile generation of moving body.
Second moving body of the present invention, under in response to the mass rate of emission of detected moving body mobile status in the another kind of preferred embodiment of discharge water, described mass rate of emission changes the aperture area that the discharge port that is used to discharge described water is regulated in the unit, perhaps to the pressure in the path of the discharge port that is used for discharging described water, to change the mass rate of emission of described water.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of second moving body of the present invention, the waste gas that discharging was discharged from described fuel cell when described exhaust unit discharged described water.Thus, by the exhaust gas discharging of control from fuel cell, the emissions status of control water.
The 3rd moving body of the present invention is a kind of moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell is installed on the described moving body and when producing electric power as electric power source and produces water as side production, and described moving body comprises: the operation unit that moves described fuel cell; Exhaust unit, this exhaust unit discharge at least a portion of the water that is produced by described fuel cell with the form of steam in atmosphere, and discharge the waste gas of discharging from described fuel cell simultaneously; And the emission control unit, this emission control unit controls described operation unit so that by the quantity discharged of the aqueous water of described exhaust unit discharging in the scope that allows displacement.
In the waste gas that discharging is discharged by fuel cell in atmosphere, the third embodiment of the present invention is discharged in the atmosphere by the part water with vapor form that fuel cell produces to the major general.The quantity discharged of aqueous water is adjusted in the scope that allows displacement.No matter this adjusting is the water yield that is produced by fuel cell, as desired with the emission limit set of the water of liquid form in allowing displacement.This layout prevents effectively because the discharging of water surpasses allow that displacement brought possible unfavorable, for example, makes discharge water be rolled by the windstream of the mobile generation of moving body and disperse.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention's the 3rd moving body, described operation unit is regulated from the temperature of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge, and the described operation of described emission control unit controls unit also makes the quantity discharged of described aqueous water in the scope of described permission displacement to regulate from the temperature of the described waste gas of described fuel cell discharge thereby change the amount that is comprised in the steam in the water that is produced by described fuel cell thus.In the another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention's the 3rd moving body, described operation unit drives cooling mechanism to be cooling off described fuel cell, and the described operation of described emission control unit controls unit is with the driving condition of regulating described cooling mechanism and the temperature of regulating the waste gas of discharging from described fuel cell thus.In these are arranged, change the amount that is included in the steam the water by the temperature of regulating the waste gas of discharging from fuel cell, the quantity discharged of aqueous water is controlled at allows in the displacement.In a kind of structure of the preferred embodiment of the temperature of regulating the waste gas from fuel cell, discharge, described operation unit scalable is from the back pressure of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge, and the described operation of described emission control unit may command unit is also regulated from the temperature of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge from the back pressure of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge thus with adjusting.
In the another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention's the 3rd moving body, described operation unit comprises and uses the moisture be comprised in from the waste gas that described fuel cell the is discharged humidifier unit to the gas humidification of supplying with described fuel cell, and described emission control unit is regulated the humidification amount and made the quantity discharged of described aqueous water thus in the scope of described permission displacement by described humidifier unit.In this layout, be fed to the humidification amount of the gas of fuel cell by adjusting, the quantity discharged of aqueous water is adjusted in the scope that allows displacement.
In another kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, described moving body also comprises the running state detecting unit of the running state that detects described fuel cell.Described emission control cell response is calculated the quantity discharged of described aqueous water by the running state of the described fuel cell of described running state detecting unit detection, set the controlled variable in the described operation unit so that the quantity discharged of the aqueous water that is calculated in the scope of described permission displacement, and utilizes the controlled variable set to control described operation unit.By changing controlled variable, the quantity discharged of aqueous water is adjusted in the scope that allows displacement.At this, described controlled variable can be the target temperature from the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge.
The 4th moving body of the present invention comprises: the fuel cell that produces electric power by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; The waste gas of fuel cell is discharged the exhaust system of moving body; Be contained in water in the waste gas is discharged moving body with the speed that is not less than predetermined value drainage control mechanism with restriction.
Dispersing of drain water is subjected to the outer air flow effects of moving body.Therefore the 4th moving body of the present invention limits the water that is contained in the waste gas and discharges moving body with the speed that is not less than predetermined value, prevents dispersing of drain water thus effectively.A kind of exemplary of moving body is a vehicle.
In the 4th moving body of the present invention, drainage control mechanism can have multiple arbitrary structures.In first kind of possible structure, drainage control mechanism is a kind of valve system that reduces aperture when speed is not less than predetermined value.This valve system can comprise electromagnetic valve and the control cock in response to the aperture of the speed setting electromagnetic valve of moving body.Alternatively, this valve system can comprise the leaf valve in response to the variation opening and closing of external pressure.Under the condition of the higher speed of moving body, increase along with the increase of moving velocity by hindering pressure or the fluctuation of pressure pressure that windstream produces.Therefore the leaf valve that opens and closes in response to the variation of fluctuation of pressure pressure activates the valve system with simpler construction.
In second kind of possible structure, drainage control mechanism is to make the fluctuation of pressure pressure that is produced by moving of described moving body act on the gargle pipe (drain) that has opening on the position of direction of discharge of the described water of restriction and the direction.For example, this gargle pipe can be connected to the outside of moving body forward.
Drainage control mechanism can be arranged in exhaust system, for example, is located immediately in the gargle pipe.In another preferred embodiment, exhaust system has gas-liquid separation mechanism so that water and waste gas are separated, and drainage control mechanism is arranged in the downstream of the gas-liquid separation mechanism of water discharge system (drainage system).Gas-liquid separation mechanism separates water and waste gas, and advantageously guarantees effective discharging of water thus.
In a kind of preferred structure of this embodiment, gas-liquid separation mechanism has the water receiver that temporarily water is accumulated in wherein.The existence of water receiver can be satisfactorily under the moving body high-speed mobile condition restriction water discharging and do not influence the function of gas-liquid separation.In this structure, drainage system preferably is set in water receiver has opening with front portion at moving body.When moving body quickened, force of inertia was used for pressing the water that is accumulated in water receiver backward, and disturbed the discharging of water from water receiver to prevent splashing of water thus.On the other hand, when moving body slowed down, force of inertia was used for pressing forward the water that is accumulated in water receiver, helped water to discharge from water receiver thus.The opening surface that is used for discharge water of water receiver is to the front of moving body.This simple structure limits the discharging of water when moving body quickens, and helps the discharge of water when moving body slows down.
The 5th moving body of the present invention comprises: the fuel cell that produces electric power by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen; The waste gas of fuel cell is discharged the exhaust system of moving body; The temporary transient water receiver that keeps being contained in the water in the waste gas; With the gargle pipe of the front portion that is formed on moving body with discharge water from water receiver.
The 5th moving body of the present invention has the water receiver that is arranged in exhaust system and is formed on the front portion of moving body with the gargle pipe from the water receiver discharge water.Be at moving body under the condition of high-speed mobile, the 5th moving body of the present invention may be to having inadequate effect to the discharging that suppresses water.As mentioned above, limited the discharging of water when moving body quickens, and when moving body slows down, helped the discharging of water towards the existence of open front.During cruising, moving body repeats to quicken and slow down usually, rather than travels continuously under fixing cruise velocity.Thus, thisly help the discharging of water and suppress the layout of the discharging of water when slowing down when quickening, dispersing of drain water was reduced to the level that not interfere with subsequent and near vehicle are travelled smoothly during moving body was travelled.At this, the exemplary of moving body is a vehicle.
In the 5th moving body of the present invention, water receiver and gargle pipe can be positioned at moving body by an exhaust tube water is discharged moving body.In a kind of preferred embodiment of the 5th moving body of the present invention, exhaust tube has opening in that the fluctuation of pressure pressure that is produced by moving of described moving body is acted on the position of direction of discharge of the described water of restriction and the direction (orientation).In a kind of preferred structure of this embodiment, water receiver is connected to the outside of moving body.This structure guarantees that fluctuation of pressure pressure acts on the gargle pipe.In another preferred structure of this embodiment, water receiver is positioned at moving body, and gargle pipe is formed on the outside of moving body.When the moving body high-speed mobile, fluctuation of pressure pressure is applied on the gargle pipe and the discharging of restriction water, effectively suppresses spilling of drain water thus.
In the another kind of preferred embodiment of the 5th moving body of the present invention, gargle pipe has the valve system that reduces aperture when being not less than the speed of preset level.This structure suppresses the discharging of water equally under the high-speed mobile condition of moving body.Described valve system can be the combination or the leaf valve of electromagnetic valve and valve control, as above to as described in the 4th moving body of the present invention.
In the another kind of preferred embodiment of the 5th moving body of the present invention, exhaust system have in order to described water from gas-liquid separation mechanism that described waste gas separates.In this embodiment, water receiver is arranged in the downstream of water discharge system gas-liquid separation mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 illustrates the birds-eye view that is installed in as the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of the moving body of first embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 20 on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 that is installed in first embodiment;
Fig. 3 be illustrate electronic control unit 71 input and output that are installed in relatively among the PCU70, in order to carry out the block scheme of the control signal of emission control from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f;
Fig. 4 is the diagram of circuit that the emission control routine of being carried out by electronic control unit 71 is shown;
Fig. 5 illustrates the motoring condition compensation value of setting discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 and compensation value K1 and indicates the diagram of circuit of setting routine;
Fig. 6 illustrates the diagram of circuit that vehicle posture sign is set routine, and this routine is set mandatory forbidding sign F2, FL1 and FR1;
Fig. 7 illustrates the diagram of circuit that turning mark is set routine, and this routine is set mandatory forbidding sign F3, FL2 and FR2;
Fig. 8 is the diagram of circuit that obstacle compensation value and sign setting routine are shown, and this routine is set mandatory forbidding sign F4 and compensation value K2;
Fig. 9 illustrates the diagram of circuit that the sign of getting on or off the bus of setting mandatory forbidding sign F5 is set routine;
Figure 10 is the example of speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction setting figure (map);
Figure 11 is the example of acceleration/accel coefficient of correction setting figure;
Figure 12 is the example of wind speed coefficient of correction setting figure;
Figure 13 is the example of external air temperature coefficient of correction setting figure;
Figure 14 is the example of emission limit set distance setting figure;
Figure 15 illustrates compensation value K2 with respect to the variation relation of follow-up vehicle distances Lv about emission limit set distance L 1 and L2;
Figure 16 illustrates compensation value K3 with respect to the variation relation of water level HW about threshold value H1 and H2;
Figure 17 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 210 that is installed in second embodiment is shown;
Figure 18 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 220 on the fuel-cell vehicle 210 that is installed in second embodiment;
Figure 19 is the structure that schematically shows direction-changeable outlet 260;
Figure 20 illustrates the operation of direction-changeable outlet 260;
Figure 21 is the diagram of circuit that the emission direction control routine of being carried out by electronic control unit 271 is shown;
Figure 22 illustrates the setting relation of coefficient of correction Pqfc with respect to the water yield Qfc that is produced;
Figure 23 illustrates the setting relation of coefficient of correction Pva with respect to vehicle velocity V a;
Figure 24 illustrates the setting relation of coefficient of correction Pqa with respect to charge air Qa;
Figure 25 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 310 that is installed in the 3rd embodiment is shown;
Figure 26 is the diagram of circuit that the emission direction control routine of being carried out by the electronic control unit 271 of fuel-cell vehicle 310 is shown;
Figure 27 illustrates the relation of relative vehicle velocity V r with relative ground-surface of discharge angles Θ and discharge speed Vg;
Figure 28 is the section drawing of the long-pending outlet 370 of the variable cross-section in an improvement structure of fuel-cell vehicle 310;
Figure 29 illustrates the example of cross-section variation mechanism 372;
Figure 30 illustrates by an aperture area that improves to carry out in the structure of the fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment to regulate the diagram of circuit of routine;
Figure 31 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 410 that is installed in the fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown;
Figure 32 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 420 that is installed on the fuel-cell vehicle 410;
Figure 33 be illustrate electronic control unit 471 input and output that are installed in relatively among the PCU70, in order to waste gas is carried out the block scheme of the control signal of emission control;
Figure 34 is the diagram of circuit that the emission control routine of being carried out by electronic control unit 471 is shown;
Figure 35 illustrates the example that allows displacement setting figure;
Figure 36 is a diagram of circuit that improves the emission control routine of carrying out in the structure that is illustrated in motor vehicle driven by mixed power 420;
Figure 37 schematically shows the structure of vehicle 1010 among the 5th embodiment;
Figure 38 illustrates the function of dashpot 1027;
Figure 39 illustrates the structure of the exhaust system in the sixth embodiment of the invention;
Figure 40 is illustrated in a structure of improving the exhaust system in the example; And
Figure 41 is illustrated in another structure of improving the exhaust system in the example.
The specific embodiment
Implementing modes more of the present invention is described below as preferred embodiment.
A. first embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the birds-eye view that is installed in as the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of the moving body of first embodiment of the invention.Fig. 2 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 20 on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 that is installed in first embodiment.For ease of explanation, the structure of fuel cell system 20 at first is described with reference to the system diagram of Fig. 2, layout of each device that is installed in the fuel cell system 20 is described with reference to Fig. 1 then.
The fuel cell system 20 that is installed on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment comprises fuel cells 22 or the stacked single lattice battery of multilayer, and each single lattice battery has two electrodes (fuel electrode and air electrode) of arranging on the polyelectrolyte membrane opposite.Fuel cell system 20 also comprises from the hydrogen feed system 30 of consistent high pressure hydrogen fuel case 31 to fuel electrode (anode) the supply hydrogen of fuel cells 22, to the air electrode (negative electrode) of fuel cells 22 supply air and handle air from the cathode exhaust of air electrode for heat-extraction system 40, be emitted on the exhaust system 50 of the water that produces in the fuel cell system 20, and the cooling system 50 of cooled fuel cell group 22.
Hydrogen feed system 30 comprises hydrogen supply line 32 and hydrogen circulating line 33, hydrogen supply line 32 is directed to hydrogen fuel cells 22 inner hydrogen feed paths that form, that be connected to anode from 31 supplies of consistent high pressure hydrogen fuel case, and hydrogen circulating line 33 will turn back to hydrogen supply line 32 from the unreacted hydrogen stream of anode by being formed at fuel cells 22 in-to-in hydrogen exhaust pathways.Hydrogen supply line 32 has and prevents that hydrogen is back to the boiler check valve of consistent high pressure hydrogen fuel case 31 and work with beginning or stop gate valve to fuel cells 22 supply hydrogen.Hydrogen circulating line 33 has the hydrogen pump 34 to hydrogen supply line 32 positive delivery hydrogen, liquefaction is included in the gas-liquid separator 38 of steam to be used for gas-liquid separation in institute's on-cycle hydrogen, prevent that hydrogen stream from returning the boiler check valve of hydrogen supply line 32 and work to stop from the gate valve of the useless hydrogen of fuel cells 22 discharging.Various sensors are connected on hydrogen supply line 32 and the hydrogen circulating line 33 to regulate to the hydrogen of fuel cells 22 supplies and the running state of fuel cells 22.The exemplary of this sensor comprises inlet and the pressure sensor on the waste side of hydrogen pump 34 near fuel cells 22, and the outlet and the temperature sensor on the waste side of hydrogen pump 34 of close fuel cells 22.To deliver in the returnable 54 in a plurality of zones in the exhaust system 50 by the water that gas-liquid separator 38 separates.
For in the heat-extraction system 40, air supplied detects by mass flowmeter 43 at air, by air compressor 44 pressurizations, by humidifier 46 humidifications, and is fed to the negative electrode of fuel cells 22 by air supply pipeline 42.Air (cathode exhaust) from the negative electrode of fuel cells 22 is introduced into humidifier 46 with the air supply of humidification from air compressor 44, and carries out gas-liquid separation by gas-liquid separator 48.The water that is separated by gas-liquid separator 48 flows to returnable 54 and dashpot 57a and 57b by Through Flow Line (TFL) 52, and gas separated (waste gas) flows to the rear portion of vehicle by waste pipe 51 and finally is discharged in the atmosphere.Be used for the gas-liquid separator 48 out of reachs gas-liquid separation completely of this embodiment, but only separate gas and water by halves.That is, not by fully dry, but contain unsaturated, saturated or super-saturated steam or except containing this steam, also contain little water droplet fully by gas-liquid separator 48 gas separated.
The water that exhaust system 50 temporarily will be separated by the gas-liquid separator 38 of hydrogen feed system 30 is accumulated returnable 54 and dashpot 57a to 57f with the water that supplies the gas-liquid separator 48 of heat-extraction system 40 to separate by air, and discharges by the water that a plurality of discharge port 58a to 58f (having six discharge port in the structure of first embodiment) will accumulate.Control cock 53 is accumulated the flow that water enters returnable 54 near the inlet setting of returnable 54 with adjusting.Blowoff valve 56a to 56f is provided with near each inlet of dashpot 57a to 57f, accumulates the flow that water enters each dashpot 57a to 57f with adjusting.In dashpot 57a to 57f, dashpot 57a and 57b are designed to receive branch by Through Flow Line (TFL) 52 directly from the current of gas-liquid separator 48.Other dashpot 57c to 57f is designed to receive the current that are accumulated in the returnable 54.
With cooled fuel cell group 22, cooling-water cycle pipeline 62 comprises the cooling water flow path that is formed in the fuel cells 22 to cooling system 60 by cooling-water cycle pipeline 62 circulation cooling current.Cooling-water cycle pipeline 62 has the cooling water pump 64 that is used for the circulation cooling current and has the radiator 66 of fan with the mobile cooling institute on-cycle cooling water expansion tank that utilizes extraneous air.In order to control the temperature of cooling water expansion tank, the temperature sensor that is used for detecting the temperature of cooling water expansion tank is positioned near outlet of fuel cells 22 and the downstream that is positioned at the radiator 66 of cooling-water cycle pipeline 62.
In fuel cell system 20,, control fuel cells 22 by in response to from signal enabling hydrogen pump 34, air compressor 44 and the cooling water pump 64 of each sensor and the aperture of regulating gate valve and flow-controlling gate with above-mentioned structure.Fuel cell system 20 also comprises the power control unit 70 that is used to control unshowned CD-ROM drive motor (below be called PCU, power control unit), the chargeable and storage battery 84 and be used for the inverter of CD-ROM drive motor of can discharging.Yet these elements are not essential part of the present invention, so save diagram and detailed description to these elements.
As shown in Figure 1, fuel cells 22 is positioned at the lower central zone of the front side of vehicle, and PCU70 is positioned at fuel cells 22 tops.Humidifier 46 and air compressor 44 are positioned at the left and right front portion of fuel cells 22.Radiator 66 is positioned at more the place ahead with another radiator 80 that is used for the air regulation in objective railway carriage or compartment.Although omitted diagram, hydrogen pump 34, cooling water pump 64 and gas-liquid separator 38 also are positioned at the front portion of vehicle.Air is positioned at the back of fuel cells 22 for the gas-liquid separator 48 in the heat-extraction system 40 and in the lower right side, the place ahead of driver's seat (driver's seat of right hand powered vehicle).Returnable 54 be arranged on vehicle objective railway carriage or compartment middle section below.Four consistent high pressure hydrogen fuel case 31a to 31d (general name is by numeral " 31 " expression) are positioned at the rear lower of vehicle.Storage battery 84 be positioned at consistent high pressure hydrogen fuel case 31a to 31d above.
Fig. 3 be illustrate with respect to be installed in electronic control unit 71 input and output among the PCU70, in order to carry out the block scheme of the control signal of emission control from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f.Electronic control unit 71 is configured to comprise CPU72, and the ROM73 of storage processing program temporarily stores the RAM74 of data, the microprocessor of the input processing circuit 75 of receiving inputted signal and the output processing circuit 76 of output signal.Electronic control unit 71 receives the vehicle velocity V a that is measured and sent by car speed sensor 101 by input processing circuit 75, by air velocity transducer 90 measurements of middle part, the place ahead (see figure 1) that is installed to vehicle and the wind speed Vw that sends, by detecting the raindrop detection signal SWR that the sensor for detecting rain 102 occur water droplet on front window sends, the external air temperature Ta that detects and send by air themperature detector 103, deflection angle (chaufeur is to the pivot angle of the bearing circle) θ that detects and send by steering angle sensor 104, by detecting the accelerator opening Acc that chaufeur sends the accelerator position sensor 105 of the tread-on quantity of accelerator pedal, the gear SP that detection is sent by the gear position sensor 106 of the gear of the current setting of gear-change operation of chaufeur, by the Parking on-off signal SWP that detects brake switch signal SWB that the brake switch of trampling operation 107 of chaufeur to brake pedal send and send by the Parking switch 108 of the actuating that detects parking device.Electronic control unit 71 also receives the door on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4 that the door on-off switch 109 by the opened and closed positions that detects four doors (left and right door) sends, by the front portion that is arranged on driver's seat, the accumulated snow mode switching signal that sends in order to the accumulated snow mode switch 110 of during travelling on accumulated snow surface or the icing surface, carrying out drive controlling, be accumulated in the water level HW that the water gauge 111 of the water level HW of the water in the returnable 54 sends by detection, calculate distance L fl from the signal that is connected to the gap sonar 94a to 94d on four angles of vehicle by response from the object (obstacle) of four angular direction of vehicle, Lfr, the object distance Lfl that the object distance computer device 95 of Lrl and Lrr sends, Lfr, Lrl and Lrr, be positioned at the signal that the superfrequency radar 92 of the rear portion central authorities of vehicle sends by response and calculate the follow-up vehicle distances Lv that the follow-up vehicle distances computer device 93 from the distance L v of follow-up vehicle sends, suppress control (ABS, TRC and VSC) by breakking away and prevent wheel lockup, idle running and the sideslip of breakking away suppress the sideslip inhibition control information that control setup 112 sends.Electronic control unit 71 is by the actuator output drive signal of output processing circuit 76 to unshowned blowoff valve 56a to 56f.
The following describes the sequence of operations of discharging by the water of 22 generations of the fuel cells in the fuel cell system 20 on the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment that is installed in above-mentioned structure.Fig. 4 is the diagram of circuit that the emission control routine of being carried out by electronic control unit 71 is shown.Repeat this emission control routine with preset time interval (for example, per 20 milliseconds).This emission control routine adopts multiple discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5, and FL1 to FL3 and FR1 to FR3 and compensation value K1 to K3 regulate the aperture A of blowoff valve 56a to 56f, and regulates the discharge of water from each discharge port 58a to 58f thus.Motoring condition compensation value and sign according to Fig. 5 are set routine, the vehicle posture sign of Fig. 6 is set routine, the turning mark of Fig. 7 is set routine, the obstacle compensation value of Fig. 8 and sign are set routine, set routine-(for example with the sign of getting on or off the bus of Fig. 9 with predetermined time interval, per 20 milliseconds) repeat these routines-set discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5, FL1 to FL3 and FR1 to FR3 and compensation value K1 and K2.For the ease of setting forth, at first discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5 is set in explanation, and the process of FL1 to FL3 and FR1 to FR3 and compensation value K1 and K2 illustrates the emission control program then.
When the motoring condition compensation value of beginning Fig. 5 is set routine with sign, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and sets motoring condition compensation value K1 and the needed data of discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1, for example, vehicle velocity V a from car speed sensor 101, wind speed Vw from air velocity transducer 90, from the external air temperature Ta of air themperature detector 103 with from the brake switch signal SWB (step S200) of brake switch 107.Then, CPU72 is by the acceleration alpha (step S202) of the vehicle velocity V a calculating vehicle of input, and the ON-OFF (step S204) of check stop on-off signal SWB.On-state in response to brake switch signal SWB, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharge water from discharge port 58a to 58f, and prevent the deterioration (step S226) of the possible deceleration and stopping performance that causes owing to discharge water thus, stop this routine then.
In addition, in response to the closed condition of brake switch signal SWB, relatively Shu Ru vehicle velocity V a and predetermined threshold Va1 (step S206).Threshold value Va1 depend on the characteristic of vehicle and be set at do not prevent from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water because vehicle ' wind (vehicle wind) is rolled (swirling) and the speed of a motor vehicle of dispersing (for example, 90km/h).As the vehicle velocity V a of input during greater than threshold value Va1, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 1 to forbid stopping this routine then from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge water (step S226).The purpose of this setting is, prevent from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water since vehicle ' wind roll and disperse and spatter any travel in the back or the front window of the vehicle of side on.In addition, when the vehicle velocity V a of input was not more than threshold value Va1, routine was set speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva (step S208) according to the speed of a motor vehicle of input.Vehicle velocity V a is big more, and speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva is set to more little value with the discharging of restriction water from discharge port 58a to 58f.In the structure of first embodiment, set speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva in advance and be stored among the ROM73 as speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction setting figure with respect to the variation relation of vehicle velocity V a and with it.The program of first embodiment reads and sets the speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva corresponding to given vehicle velocity V a from speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction setting figure.The example of speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction setting figure is shown among Figure 10.In the example shown in this, speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva value of being fixed as 1 all when vehicle velocity V a arrives value Va2 less than threshold value Va1 is then along with vehicle velocity V a reduces from the increase of value Va2.
After having set speed of a motor vehicle coefficient of correction Kva, compare the acceleration alpha and the predetermined threshold α 1 (step S210) that are calculated.Threshold alpha 1 is set at the acceleration/accel when vehicle is rapid suddenly to be started.According to the road surface situation, the sideslip that the rapid startup of vehicle may cause drive wheel.A kind of representative condition of ground-surface that causes drive wheel to break away is wet road surface.Threshold alpha 1 is set at the reference acceleration that may break away that is used to estimate by the drive wheel that causes from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water thus.When the acceleration alpha of being calculated during greater than threshold alpha 1, routine estimates that drive wheel has higher sideslip possibility and will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 1, to forbid that water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f and prevent may break away (the step S226) of drive wheel thus, stops this routine then.On the other hand, when the acceleration alpha of calculating was not more than threshold alpha 1, routine estimated that drive wheel has very little sideslip possibility and sets acceleration/accel coefficient of correction K α (step S212) according to the acceleration alpha of being calculated.It is more little of the discharging of restriction water from discharge port 58a to 58f that degree of will speed up coefficient of correction K α is set at big more then its value of acceleration alpha.In the structure of first embodiment, set acceleration/accel coefficient of correction K α in advance and be stored among the ROM73 as acceleration/accel coefficient of correction setting figure with respect to the variation relation of acceleration alpha and with it.The program of first embodiment reads and sets the acceleration/accel coefficient of correction K α corresponding to given acceleration alpha from acceleration/accel coefficient of correction setting figure.The example of acceleration/accel coefficient of correction setting figure is shown among Figure 11.In the example shown in this, arrive value of being fixed on 1 all until acceleration alpha, then along with acceleration alpha reduces from the increase of value α 2 less than the value α 2 brief acceleration coefficient of correction K α of threshold alpha 1.
After having set acceleration/accel coefficient of correction K α, wind speed Vw and the predetermined threshold Vw1 that imports compared (step S214).With threshold value Vw1 be set at do not prevent from water outlet 58a to 58f drain water by vehicle ' wind or with respect to the windstream of the vehicle that travels roll and the wind speed that disperses (for example, 20m/s).As the wind speed Vw of input during greater than threshold value Vw1, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharging (step S226) of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, stop this routine then.The purpose of this setting is, prevent from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water roll by vehicle ' wind and disperse and spatter any travel in the back or the front window of the vehicle of side on.On the other hand, when the wind speed Vw of input was not more than threshold value Vw1, routine was according to the wind speed Vw wind speed setting coefficient of correction Kvw (step S216) of input.Wind speed Vw is big more, then wind speed coefficient of correction Kvw is set at more little, with restriction water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f.In the structure of first embodiment, wind speed setting coefficient of correction Kvw is stored among the ROM73 as wind speed coefficient of correction setting figure with respect to the variation relation of wind speed Vw and with it in advance.The program of first embodiment reads and sets the wind speed coefficient of correction Kvw corresponding to given wind speed Vw from wind speed coefficient of correction setting figure.The example of wind speed coefficient of correction setting figure is shown among Figure 12.In the example shown in this, wind speed coefficient of correction Kvw value of being fixed as 1 all when wind speed Vw arrives value Vw2 less than threshold value Vw1 is then along with wind speed Vw reduces from the increase of value Vw2.
After having set wind speed coefficient of correction Kvw, external air temperature Ta and the predetermined threshold value Ta1 that imports compared (step S218).Threshold value Ta1 was set at before drain water evaporates or penetrates into the road surface its external air temperature that freezes.Therefore, threshold value Ta1 is set at and prevents that drain water from freezing.When the external air temperature Ta of input is lower than threshold value Ta1, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 1 and be prevented also that from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f the road surface from owing to the water of discharging freezes (step S226), stopping this routine then to forbid water thus.On the other hand, when the external air temperature Ta of input was not less than threshold value Ta1, routine was set external air temperature coefficient of correction Kta (step S220) according to the external air temperature Ta of input.External air temperature Ta is low more, then external air temperature coefficient of correction Kta is set at more little, with restriction water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f.In the structure of first embodiment, set external air temperature coefficient of correction Kta in advance and be stored among the ROM73 as external air temperature coefficient of correction setting figure with respect to the variation relation of external air temperature Ta and with it.The program of first embodiment reads and sets the external air temperature coefficient of correction Kta corresponding to given external air temperature Ta from external air temperature coefficient of correction setting figure.The example of external air temperature coefficient of correction setting figure is shown among Figure 13.In the example shown in this, external air temperature coefficient of correction Kta value of being fixed as 1 all when external air temperature Ta is higher than a value Ta2 greater than threshold value Ta1, then along with external air temperature Ta from the reduction of value Ta2 and reduce.
After having set each coefficient of correction Kva, K α, Kvw and Kta, the product that routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F1 value of being set at 0 (step S222) and each coefficient of correction Kva, K α, Kvw and the Kta that will set subsequently is set at motoring condition compensation value K1 (step S224), stops this routine then.Motoring condition compensation value K1 is according to motoring condition, and for example vehicle velocity V a, acceleration alpha, wind speed Vw and external air temperature Ta restriction water are from the discharging from discharge port 58a to 58f.
When the vehicle posture sign of beginning Fig. 6 is set routine, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and sets discharging mandatory forbidding sign F2 and left and right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL1 and the needed data of FR1, for example, the sideslip that suppresses control setup 112 from breakking away suppresses control information, from the accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS of accumulated snow mode switch 110 with from the brake switch signal SWB (step S230) of brake switch 107.Then, the state (step S232 and S234) of the accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS of the brake switch signal SWB of routine continuous detecting input and input." connecting (ON) " state in response to brake switch signal SWB, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F2 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharge water from discharge port 58a to 58f, and prevent from thus to stop this routine then owing to may make deceleration and stopping performance worsen (step S246) from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge water.In response to " connection " state of accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F2 value of being set at 1 to forbid stopping this routine then from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge water (step S246).The purpose of this setting is, prevent vehicle during travelling on accumulated snow or the ice-patch surface by the discharging water cause possible unfavorable, for example, owing to making to break away, the reduction of the friction coefficient that causes of water of discharging has very high possibility and because the ice-patch surface that the water of discharging causes makes sideslip have very high possibility.In response to " disconnecting (OFF) " state of brake switch signal SWB and accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS, routine determines according to the sideslip inhibition control information of input whether current state is in the inhibition control (step S236) down of breakking away.Break away to suppress control following time when current state is not in, routine will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F2 and about discharge mandatory forbidding sign FL1 and FR1 value of being set at 0 (step S244), stop this routine then.On the other hand, suppress to control following time when current state is in to break away, routine determines that left wheel still is that right wheel is in the inhibition control (step S238) down of breakking away.When being in to break away, left wheel suppresses to control following time, routine is put mandatory forbidding sign FL1 value of being set at 1 to forbid that water is from left water outlet 58a with left bank, the discharging of 58c and 58e, wherein the discharging of this water may have adverse influence (step S240) to the sideslip of left wheel, stops this routine then.When being in to break away, right wheel suppresses to control following time, routine is discharged mandatory forbidding sign FR1 value of being set at 1 to forbid that water is from right water outlet 58b with the right side, the discharging of 58d and 58f, wherein the discharging of this water may have adverse influence (step S242) to the sideslip of right wheel, stops this routine then.
When the turning mark of beginning Fig. 7 is set routine, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and sets discharging mandatory forbidding sign F3 and left and right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL2 and the needed data of FR2, for example, from the deflection angle θ of steering angle sensor 104 with from the vehicle velocity V a (step S250) of car speed sensor 101.The absolute value and the predetermined threshold value θ 1 of deflection angle θ of input compared (step S252).Threshold value θ 1 is used to detect the cw of direction of passage dish or rotates counterclockwise and the reference value of the turning of the vehicle that reaches.In the structure of first embodiment, the negative value of deflection angle θ is represented rotating counterclockwise of bearing circle, and the clockwise rotating on the occasion of the expression bearing circle of deflection angle θ.When the absolute value of deflection angle θ during less than threshold value θ 1, routine is estimated as does not turn or has the turning of big turn radius and will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F3 and left and right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL2 and FR2 value of being set at 0 (step S254), stops this routine then.On the other hand, when the absolute value of deflection angle θ is not less than threshold value θ 1, vehicle velocity V a and the predetermined threshold value Va3 that imports compared (step S256).Threshold value Va3 is the reference speed of vehicle when crossing left-handed turning or right-hand turning, and it is set at and equals for example 30km/h.As the vehicle velocity V a of input during less than threshold value Va3, routine is estimated as at the turnon left of crossing or right-hand corner and will discharges mandatory forbidding sign F3 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, and prevent from thus to form the puddles of water (step S258), stop this routine then in the left side of crossing.On the other hand, when the vehicle velocity V a of input was not less than threshold value Va3, routine detected the plus or minus (step S260) of deflection angle θ.When deflection angle θ is negative value, that is to say that when bearing circle rotated counterclockwise, routine was discharged mandatory forbidding sign FR2 value of being set at 1 to suppress may breakking away of right wheel with the right side, wheel (step S262) outside wherein should right side wheel when turning left being stops this routine then.When deflection angle θ be on the occasion of the time, that is to say that when bearing circle clockwise rotated, routine was put mandatory forbidding sign FL2 value of being set at 1 to suppress may breakking away of left wheel with left bank, wherein when turning right this left wheel be outside wheel (step S264), stop this routine then.
When the obstacle compensation value of beginning Fig. 8 is set routine with sign, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and sets discharging mandatory forbidding sign F4 and left and right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL3 and FR3 and with respect to the needed data of compensation value K2 of follow-up vehicle, for example, from object distance Lfl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr of object distance computer device 95 with from the follow-up vehicle distances Lv of follow-up vehicle distances computer device 93 with from the vehicle velocity V a (step S270) of car speed sensor 101.Relatively Shu Ru object distance Lfl, Lfr, Lrl and Lrr and predetermined threshold value Lref (step S272).Threshold value Lref represents not spatter the non-zone of spattering on object from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water, and it is set for and equals for example 50cm and 1m.When object distance Lfl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr of all inputs were not less than threshold value Lref, routine was with left and right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL3 and FR3 value of being set at 0 (step S274).When in object distance Lfl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr of input in response to from the object distance Lfl that signal calculated of left gap sonar 94a and 94c and among the Lrl any during less than threshold value Lref, routine is put left bank mandatory forbidding sign FL3 value of being set at 1 and is prevented that thus from left bank mouth of a river 58a, 58c and 58e drain water spatter on object (step S276).When in object distance Lfl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr of input in response to from the object distance Lfr that signal calculated of right end clearance sonar 94b and 94d and among the Lrr any during less than threshold value Lref, routine is discharged mandatory forbidding sign FR3 value of being set at 1 with the right side and is also prevented from thus to spatter on object (step S278) from right discharge port 58b, 58d and 58f drain water.
After about having set, discharging mandatory forbidding sign FL3 and FR3, routine is set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 according to the vehicle velocity V a of input, so as to prevent from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water roll by vehicle ' wind and disperse and spatter any travel in the back or the front window of the vehicle of side on (step S280).1 expression of emission limit set distance L must be forbidden the reference range of water from the follow-up vehicle of distance of discharge port 58a to 58f discharge, and 2 expressions of emission limit set distance L need not limit the reference range from follow-up vehicle that water is discharged from discharge port 58a to 58f.Emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 increase along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a.In the structure of first embodiment, set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 in advance and be stored among the ROM73 as emission limit set distance setting figure with respect to the variation of vehicle velocity V a and with it.The program of first embodiment reads and sets emission limit set distance L 1 and the L2 corresponding to given vehicle velocity V a from emission limit set distance setting figure.The example of emission limit set distance setting figure is shown among Figure 14.In the example shown in this,, set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 according to being used for emission limit set distance L 1 with respect to the L1 setting curve of vehicle velocity V a be used for the L2 setting curve of emission limit set distance L 2 with respect to vehicle velocity V a.
After having set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2, the setting value (step S282) of the follow-up vehicle distances Lv that routine is relatively imported and emission limit set distance L 1 and L2.As the follow-up vehicle distances Lv of input during less than emission limit set distance L 1, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F4 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharging (step S284) of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, stop this routine then.When the follow-up vehicle distances Lv of input is not less than emission limit set distance L 1 but is not more than emission limit set distance L 2, routine will be discharged mandatory forbidding sign F4 value of being set at 0 (step S286) and be set compensation value K2 with the discharging (step S288) of restriction water from discharge port 58a to 58f according to follow-up vehicle distances Lv and emission limit set distance L 1 and the L2 of input subsequently, stop this routine then.The less setting value of compensation value K2 has limited water largely from the discharging from discharge port 58a to 58f.About emission limit set distance L 1 and L2, compensation value K2 is shown among Figure 15 with respect to the variation relation of follow-up vehicle distances Lv.In the example shown in this, compensation value K2 is along with follow-up vehicle distances Lv increases from the increase of emission limit set distance L 1, and after follow-up vehicle distances Lv arrives emission limit set distance L 2 value of being fixed as 1.As follow-up vehicle distances Lv during greater than emission limit set distance L 2, routine will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F4 value of being set at 0 (step S290) and subsequently with compensation value K2 value of being set at 1 not limit the discharging (step S92) of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, stop this routine then.
When the sign of getting on or off the bus of beginning Fig. 9 is set routine, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and sets the needed data of discharging mandatory forbidding sign F5, for example, door on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4 from the on-off switch 109 of door, from the gear SP of gear position sensor 106 with from the Parking on-off signal SWP (step S300) of Parking switch 108.Routine determines that continuously the gear SP of input is current whether at position P (step S302), and whether the Parking on-off signal SWP of input is " connection " (step S304), and whether the door on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4 of input is " connection " (step S306).When gear SP current at position P, when Parking on-off signal SWP is " connection ", or when any one is " disconnection " among the door on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4, routine is assert chaufeur or the passenger is going up or down the objective railway carriage or compartment of (by bus or get off) vehicle also will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F5 value of being set at 1 (step S310), stop this routine then.This setting forbids that water also prevents to spatter on chaufeur of getting on the bus or getting off or passenger from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f discharging from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f thus.When gear SP current not at position P, when Parking on-off signal SWP is " disconnection ", and when all on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4 are " connection ", the routine identification does not have chaufeur or passenger getting on the bus or gets off and will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F5 value of being set at 0 (step S308), stops this routine then.
As described below, the emission control routine of Fig. 4 is according to discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5, and FL1 to FL3 and FR1 to FR3 and compensation value K1 and K2 control water are from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f.When starting the emission control routine of Fig. 4, the CPU72 of electronic control unit 71 at first imports and is used for water is controlled needed data from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f, for example, raindrop detection signal SWR from sensor for detecting rain 102, water level HW from water gauge 111, with discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5, the setting value (step S100) of FL1 to FL3 and FR1 to FR3 and compensation value K1 and K2.Routine determines subsequently whether raindrop detection signal SWR is connection, promptly whether detects exist (the step S102) of raindrop.In response to the on-state of raindrop detection signal SWR, just, exist in response to detecting raindrop, routine assert the road surface because rain and moist and need not limit water discharge from discharge port 58a to 58f from discharge port.Therefore, routine is with left blowoff valve 56a, the aperture Al of 56c and 56e and right blowoff valve 56b, the actuator that the aperture Ar of 56d and 56f is set at 100% (step S104) and drives blowoff valve 56a to 56f is adjusted to the setting value (step S130) of valve opening Al and Ar with the aperture with blowoff valve 56a to 56f, stops this routine then.That is, blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler under this condition.Under wet ground-surface condition in the rain, rainwater is rolled by vehicle ' wind naturally and is dispersed.Thus, all roll and disperse, can't cause adverse effect by vehicle ' wind from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water and rainwater.
On the other hand, in response to the off-state of raindrop detection signal SWR, just, do not exist in response to detecting raindrop, routine is verified the setting value (step S106) of discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5.When any one the setting value of discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5 equals 1, routine is set at 0% (step S110) with valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f, and the actuator that drives blowoff valve 56a to 56f is adjusted to the setting value (step S130) of valve opening Al and Ar with the aperture with blowoff valve 56a to 56f, stops this routine then.That is, blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to the contract fully position under this condition.As mentioned above, be respectively setting in the processing that will discharge any one value of being set at 1 among the mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5 in the routine of Fig. 5 to 9, this set prevent effectively from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water roll by vehicle ' wind and disperse and spatter any travel in the back or the front window of the vehicle of side on.This set also prevents may worsen owing to the deceleration and stopping performance that causes from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge water.This layout also prevents because water forms the puddles of water from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge and in the left side of crossing, thereby chaufeur or passenger that protection is got on the bus or got off avoid splashing from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water.
When all discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 to F5 equal 0, the water level HW of the input of returnable 54 and threshold value H1 and H2 are compared (step S108).Threshold value H1 allows the water of the sufficient quantity that will receive from gas-liquid separator 48 to enter the reference level of returnable 54, and it is set at 30% or 40% of the total volume that equals returnable 54 for example.Threshold value H2 is a reference level of estimating returnable 54 basic full-water level, and it is set at 90% of the total volume that equals returnable 54 for example.When the input water level HW of returnable 54 is lower than threshold value H1, routine is set at 0% to eliminate possible unfavorable (the step S110) that brings from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f owing to water with the valve opening Al of blowoff valve 56a to 56f and Ar, and the actuator that drives blowoff valve 56a to 56f is adjusted to the setting value (step S130) of valve opening Al and Ar with the aperture with blowoff valve 56a to 56f, stops this routine then.When the input water level HW of returnable 54 is not less than threshold value H1 but is not higher than threshold value H2, routine is set in response to higher level HW and is used to strengthen the compensation value K3 (step S112) of water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f, and cancels this export-restriction (step S114) when the export-restriction of the output that is set with fuel cell group 22.In the structure of first embodiment, set compensation value K3 in advance and be stored among the ROM73 as compensation value setting figure with respect to the variation relation of water level HW and with it.The program of first embodiment reads and sets the compensation value K3 corresponding to given water level HW from compensation value setting figure.The less setting of compensation value K3 has limited water largely from the discharging from discharge port 58a to 58f.Be illustrated among Figure 16 with respect to the variation relation of water level HW about the compensation value K3 of threshold value H1 and H2.In the example shown in this, compensation value K3 is along with water level HW increases from the rising of threshold value H1, and after water level HW arrives threshold value H2 the value of being fixed as 1.When importing water level HW greater than threshold value H2, routine is with compensation value K3 value of being set at 1 (step S116) and set export-restriction with the output (step S118) of restriction from fuel cells 22.The export-restriction of fuel cells 22 will be controlled not shown terminal bonded assembly DC/DC changer and other related elements with fuel cells 22, replenish insufficient electric power with restriction from the output of fuel cells 22 and from storage battery 84.The export-restriction of fuel cells 22 has reduced the water yield that is produced by fuel cells in the time per unit, has prevented effectively that thus returnable 54 from reaching its full-water level.
After having set compensation value K3, setting value, the compensation value K1 and the K2 of input and the product (step S120) that is worth 100 that routine is set at compensation value K3 with valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f, and verify the setting value (step S122) that left bank is put mandatory forbidding sign FL1 to FL3 subsequently.Put any setting value among the mandatory forbidding sign FL1 to FL3 when equaling 1 when left bank, routine is set at 0% (step S124) with the aperture Al of left blowoff valve 56a, 56c and 56e.On the other hand, when all left banks were put mandatory forbidding sign FL1 to FL3 and all equaled 0, the current setting of the aperture Al of left blowoff valve 56a, 56c and 56e remained unchanged.Routine is verified the setting value (step S126) of right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR1 to FR3 subsequently.When any the setting value among the right side discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR1 to FR3 equaled 1, routine was set at 0% (step S128) with the aperture Ar of right blowoff valve 56b, 56d and 56f.On the other hand, when all right side discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR1 to FR3 equaled 0, the current setting of the aperture Ar of right blowoff valve 56b, 56d and 56f remained unchanged.After the setting of finishing the valve opening Al to Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f, the actuator that routine drives blowoff valve 56a to 56f is adjusted to the setting value (step S130) of valve opening Al and Ar with the aperture with blowoff valve 56a to 56f, stops this routine then.When left bank is put among the mandatory forbidding sign FL1 to FL3 any one when equaling 1, the aperture Al of left blowoff valve 56a, 56c and 56e is set at equals 0% to forbid the discharging of water from left bank mouth of a river 58a, 58c and 58e.When among the right side discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR1 to FR3 any one equals 1, the aperture Ar of right blowoff valve 56b, 56d and 56f is set at equals 0% to forbid the discharging of water from right discharge port 58b, 58d and 58f.This set has been eliminated effectively in the possible adverse effect that break away to suppress under the control wheel side sliding, suppressed to make may the breakking away of outer wheel of Ackermann steer angle, and prevented that as desired drain water from spattering near any on the object at the driver's operation bearing circle.
As mentioned above, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment according to motoring condition, the surrounding environment of vehicle, get on the bus or get off and vehicle near the state of any obstacle, suitably discharge the water that produces by fuel cells 22.The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is brought into play multiple effect thus: (1) prevent from discharge port 58a to 58f drain water roll by vehicle ' wind and disperse and spatter any travel in the back or the front window of the vehicle of side on effect; (2) suppress owing to the effect that deceleration and stopping performance may be worsened from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge water; (3) prevent because water forms the effect of the puddles of water in the left side of crossing from discharge port 58a to 58f discharge; (4) prevent to spatter effect on chaufeur of getting on the bus or getting off or passenger from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f discharging; (5) in the effect that break away to suppress to eliminate under the control to the possible adverse effect of wheel side sliding; (6) be suppressed at the effect that may break away that the driver's operation bearing circle makes the outer wheel of Ackermann steer angle; And (7) prevent that drain water from spattering near effect on the object any.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, vehicle velocity V a and acceleration alpha according to vehicle, wind speed Vw, external air temperature Ta, the brake switch signal SWB of the state of expression brake switch 107, the accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS of expression accumulated snow mode switch 110, the sideslip inhibition control information that expression is breakked away and suppressed controlled condition, turn condition based on deflection angle θ and vehicle velocity V a, distance L fl between four angles of vehicle and the object, Lfr, Lrl and Lrr, with follow-up vehicle distances Lv, on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4 and the estimated possibility of getting on or off the bus of Parking on-off signal SWP in response to door, the water level HW of returnable 54 and from the raindrop detection signal SWR of sensor for detecting rain 102 sets the aperture Al of blowoff valve 56a to 56f and Ar to regulate the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.Yet these inputs, calculating and estimation are not restrictive.In addition, can be according to the driving condition, surrounding environment of expression vehicle, vehicle may regulate the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f with any input, calculating and the estimation of the state of any obstacle up and down.To water from the adjusting of discharge port 58a to 58f discharging can be not whole according to these inputs, calculating (result) and estimation, but can import, calculate according to these and estimate in some appropriate combination, perhaps according to these inputs, calculate and by some the appropriate combination in the estimation of another kind of technology.
Be not more than at vehicle velocity V a under the condition of threshold value Va1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment changes coefficient of correction Kva continuously with respect to vehicle velocity V a, so that reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a.Yet requirement is that the variation of coefficient of correction Kva makes and to reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a.Thus, coefficient of correction Kva can set for respect to vehicle velocity V a staged ground and change.When vehicle velocity V a was not more than threshold value Va1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment was set coefficient of correction Kva along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a for is reduced the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.As vehicle velocity V a during, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 set for equal 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f greater than threshold value Va1.Simpler modification can allow the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f under vehicle velocity V a is not more than the condition of threshold value Va1, forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f simultaneously under the condition of vehicle velocity V a greater than threshold value Va1.Be not more than at vehicle velocity V a under the condition of threshold value Va1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is set coefficient of correction Kva along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a for is reduced the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.Another possible modification can be set water corresponding to vehicle velocity V a and discharge in the setting range of higher limit from higher limit and the permission water that discharge port 58a to 58f discharges.Preferably, this higher limit reduces along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a.Also a kind of possible modification can be according to the motoring condition of vehicle velocity V a difference vehicle and the halted state of vehicle, and regulate water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f so that be less than the discharging of water under halted state in the discharging of water under the motoring condition.The program of this modification can be set under halted state and the motoring condition from the corresponding higher limit of the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f water, and allows in the setting range of the higher limit under corresponding states water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f.Another kind of possible modification can be according to the motoring condition of vehicle velocity V a difference vehicle and the halted state of vehicle, and regulate water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f so that be less than the water that under motoring condition, produces by fuel cells 22 in the discharging of water under the motoring condition, regulate simultaneously water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f so that in the discharging of water under the halted state greater than the water that under halted state, produces by fuel cells 22.
Be not more than in acceleration alpha under the condition of threshold alpha 1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment changes coefficient of correction K α linearly with respect to acceleration alpha, so that reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of acceleration alpha.Yet requirement is that the variation of coefficient of correction K α makes and to reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of acceleration alpha.Thus, coefficient of correction K α can set for respect to acceleration alpha staged ground and change.When acceleration alpha was not more than threshold alpha 1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment was set coefficient of correction K α for and is reduced the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of acceleration alpha.When acceleration alpha during, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 set for equal 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f greater than threshold alpha 1.Simpler modification can allow the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f under acceleration alpha is not more than the condition of threshold alpha 1, forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f simultaneously under the condition of acceleration alpha greater than threshold alpha 1.
Be not more than at wind speed Vw under the condition of threshold value Vw1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment changes coefficient of correction Kvw continuously with respect to wind speed Vw, so that reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of wind speed Vw.Yet requirement is that the variation of coefficient of correction Kvw makes and to reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of wind speed Vw.Thus, coefficient of correction Kvw can set for respect to wind speed Vw staged ground and change.When wind speed Vw was not more than threshold value Vw1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment was set coefficient of correction Kvw along with the increase of wind speed Vw for is reduced the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.As wind speed Vw during, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 set for equal 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f greater than threshold value Vw1.Simpler modification can allow the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f under wind speed Vw is not more than the condition of threshold value Vw1, forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f simultaneously under the condition of wind speed Vw greater than threshold value Vw1.
Externally air themperature Ta is not less than under the condition of threshold value Ta1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment changes coefficient of correction Kta linearly with respect to external air temperature Ta, so that increase the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of external air temperature Ta.Yet requirement is that the variation of coefficient of correction Kta is feasible increases the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f along with the increase of external air temperature Ta.Thus, coefficient of correction Kta can set for respect to external air temperature Ta staged ground and change.When external air temperature Ta was not less than threshold value Ta1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment sets coefficient of correction Kta along with the increase of external air temperature Ta for increased the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.As external air temperature Ta during, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F1 set for equal 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f less than threshold value Ta1.Simpler modification externally air themperature Ta is not less than under the condition of threshold value Ta1 and allows the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, externally forbids the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f under the condition of air themperature Ta less than threshold value Ta1 simultaneously.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, on-state in response to brake switch signal SWB, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F2 set for equal 1 forbidding the discharging of water, and suppress thus deceleration and stopping performance to be worsened owing to the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.A kind of possible modification can even also be can't help the discharging of sealing from discharge port 58a to 58f under the on-state of brake switch signal SWB.The program of this modification can will be arranged to be less than the discharging of the water under the off-state of brake switch signal SWB in the discharging from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f under the on-state of brake switch signal SWB.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, on-state in response to accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS, discharging mandatory forbidding sign F2 set for equal 1 forbidding the discharging of water, and the water that suppresses thus to give off freezes on snowy road surface from discharge port 58a to 58f.A kind of possible modification can even also be can't help the discharging of sealing from discharge port 58a to 58f under the on-state of accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS.The program of this modification can will be set the discharging that is less than the water under the off-state of accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS in the discharging from the water of discharge port 58a to 58f under the on-state of accumulated snow mode switching signal SWS.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, when any wheel is all controlled following time in the inhibition of breakking away, the discharging mandatory forbidding sign (left bank is put mandatory forbidding sign FL1 or right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR1) of that side that the discharging of water may be had a negative impact to the sideslip of wheel is set for and is equaled 1, to forbid that water is from the discharging in all discharge port that are in this side that suppresses the wheel under the control of breakking away.Yet, forbid that water is not necessary from all water outlet discharge waters that are in this side that break away to suppress the wheel under the control.A kind of possible modification can only forbid that water is from the discharging corresponding to the discharge port that is in the wheel under suppressing to control that breaks away, for example, break away to suppress control following time and only forbid the discharging of water when the near front wheel 12a is in, and allow water from the discharge port 58c that is positioned at the same side and the discharging of 58e from discharge port 58a.Another kind of possible modification can all be in to break away and suppress control following time and forbid the discharging of water from all discharge port 58a to 58f at any wheel.
When the absolute value of deflection angle θ is not less than threshold value θ 1 and as vehicle velocity V a during less than threshold value Va3, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is estimated as turns in the crossing and will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F3 value of being set at 1 forbidding the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, and prevents thus at the left side of the crossing formation puddles of water.Can estimate the turning that goes out in the crossing according to lighting of steering indicating light signal in conjunction with above-mentioned comparative result.In response to the estimation to turning in crossing, routine may only reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f, rather than total ban water is from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f.
When the absolute value of deflection angle θ is not less than threshold value θ 1 and when vehicle velocity V a is not less than threshold value Va3, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is estimated as turns and left bank is put mandatory forbidding sign FL2 or right discharging mandatory forbidding sign FR2 value of being set at 1 forbidding water from the discharge port discharging in the outside of turning, and may the breakking away of wheel outside being suppressed at when turning thus.A kind of possible modification can be forbidden the discharging of water from all discharge port 58a to 58f at Ackermann steer angle.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is in response to from four angles of the calculated signals vehicle of the gap sonar 94a to 94d on four angles of vehicle and distance L fl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr between the object.The position of gap sonar 94a to 94d is not limited to four angles of vehicle, but can be provided with arbitrarily.When in response to from four angles of the vehicle of the calculated signals of gap sonar 94a to 94d and among distance L fl, Lfr, Lrl and the Lrr between the object any during less than threshold value Lref, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment forbids that water is from being positioned at the discharge port discharging that there is side in object.This has prevented that drain water from spattering from vehicle only on the object less than the distance of threshold value Lref.A kind of possible modification can only reduce water from being positioned at the discharge port discharging that there is side in object.Another kind of possible modification can only be forbidden the discharging of water from the discharge port that is positioned at the object direction, for example, when in response to from the distance L fl of the object of the calculated signals of gap sonar 94a during less than threshold value Lref, only forbid the discharging of water, and allow the discharging of water from other discharge port 58b and 58f from discharge port 58a.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 according to vehicle velocity V a, and will discharge mandatory forbidding sign F4 value of being set at 1 to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f during less than emission limit set distance L 1 as follow-up vehicle distances Lv.A kind of possible modification can even only reduce the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f at follow-up vehicle distances Lv during less than emission limit set distance L 1, rather than the discharging of total ban water.When follow-up vehicle distances Lv is not less than emission limit set distance L 1 but is not more than emission limit set distance L 2, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment change continuously compensation value K2 with along with follow-up vehicle distances Lv reduce limit the discharging of water to a greater degree from discharge port 58a to 58f.Alternatively, compensation value K2 can stepped.Although the program of first embodiment is set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 according to vehicle velocity V a, can set emission limit set distance L 1 and L2 regardless of vehicle velocity V a.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is estimated the possibility of vehicle up and down in response to gear SP, Parking on-off signal SWP and door on-off switch signal SWD1 to SWD4.Except in response to these inputs, can estimate the possibility of vehicle up and down in response to the on off mode of thin plate switch (sheet switch).Estimating that the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is forbidden the discharging of water from all discharge port 58a to 58f under the possible situation with vehicle up and down.A kind of possible modification can only forbid that water discharges from estimating near the discharge port the possible seat up and down, and allows water from other discharge port discharging.For example, estimating under the possible situation with left front up and down seat that program is only forbidden water near the discharge port 58c discharging the left front seat, and allows water from other discharge port 58a, the discharging of 58b and 58d to 58f.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is in response to the existence that utilizes sensor for detecting rain 102 detected raindrop, and valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler (100%).Alternatively, can change valve opening Al and Ar according to the water level HW of returnable 54.In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment,, valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler (100%) in response to the existence that utilizes sensor for detecting rain 102 detected raindrop.A kind of possible modification can be when utilizing sensor for detecting rain 102 to detect raindrop continue to have a predetermined amount of time, and valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler (100%).The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment is assert the road surface humidity in response to utilizing sensor for detecting rain 102 to detect raindrop, and valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler (100%).Another kind of possible modification can be assert wet road surface according to the ground-surface reflection that observes, and valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f is set to full open position of coupler (100%).
When the water level HW of returnable 54 was lower than threshold value H1, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment was set to complete shut-down position (0%) to forbid the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f with valve opening Al and the Ar of blowoff valve 56a to 56f.Alternatively, even when the water level HW of returnable 54 is lower than threshold value H1, also can allow the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.When the water level HW of returnable 54 was not less than threshold value H1 but is not higher than threshold value H2, the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment changed compensation value K3 continuously with along with the rising of the water level HW of returnable 54 and increase the discharging of water from discharge port 58a to 58f.Alternatively, compensation value K3 can stepped.Another kind of possible modification can be not less than threshold value H1 but compensation value K3 is fixed to predetermined value when not being higher than threshold value H2 at the water level HW of returnable 54.When the water level HW of returnable 54 was higher than threshold value H2,10 pairs of fuel cells of the fuel-cell vehicle of first embodiment 22 were carried out export-restriction.A kind of possible modification even when the water level HW of returnable 54 is higher than threshold value H2, fuel cells 22 is not carried out export-restriction.
Can adopt other multiple technologies that water is controlled from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f: for example, to detect the road surface degree of roughness and valve opening Al that regulates blowoff valve 56a to 56f and the technology of Ar that influence water-drop sputtering; According to regulating the water level HW of returnable 54 by the weather forecast of navigationsystem input and controlling the technology of water from the discharging of discharge port 58a to 58f; With regulate the valve opening Al of blowoff valve 56a to 56f and the technology of Ar according to geography information.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment has six discharge port 58a to 58f that are used for discharge water.Yet the quantity of discharge port is not limited to 6, but can be less than 6, for example 4, perhaps can be greater than 6, and for example 8.In the fuel cells 10 of first embodiment, dashpot 57a to 57f is positioned at the downstream of blowoff valve 56a to 56f.The water that is accumulated among the dashpot 57a to 57f is discharged from discharge port 58a to 58f by freely descending thus.Improve in the structure at one, valve can be arranged in each discharge port 58a to 58f, and the aperture of regulating these valves is with the discharging of control water from discharge port 58a to 58f.When not required, dashpot 57a to 57f can save from structure.
The fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment has the hydrogen circulating line 33 that the unreacted hydrogen that is used for being discharged by fuel cells 22 is recycled to hydrogen supply line 32.When not required, can economize dehydrogenation circulating line 33.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, air is not realized gas-liquid separation completely for the gas-liquid separator 48 of heat-extraction system 40.This gas-liquid separator also can have the ability of complete gas-liquid separation.
B. second embodiment
Below explanation is as the another kind of fuel-cell vehicle 210 of the moving body of second embodiment of the invention.Figure 17 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 210 that is installed in second embodiment is shown.Figure 18 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 220 on the fuel-cell vehicle 210 that is installed in second embodiment.Shown in Figure 17 and 18, except the direction-changeable outlet 260 of the discharge end that is arranged in the waste pipe 51 that is included in fuel cell system 220, the fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment has the structure of the structure of the fuel-cell vehicle 10 that is similar to first embodiment.Set forth for fear of repeating, the identical member in the fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment and the fuel-cell vehicle 10 first embodiment is represented with identical label, and is not specified at this.
With reference to Figure 17 and 18, the waste gas that is separated by gas-liquid separator 48 flows to the rear side (that is, the right lateral side of vehicle) of the rear wheel behind the driver's seat by waste pipe 51, and is discharged into atmosphere by direction-changeable outlet 260.Figure 19 schematically shows the structure of the direction-changeable outlet 260 of the discharge end that is positioned at waste pipe 51.Figure 20 illustrates the work of direction-changeable outlet 260.Go out as shown, direction-changeable outlet 260 comprises: stationary pipes 262, this stationary pipes 262 have the cutting end of about miter angle and are arranged to basic horizontal and directionally connect waste pipe 51; Short movable tubes 264, this weak point movable tubes 264 have be used for the about miter angle of stationary pipes 262 bonded assemblys be connected the cutting end; Motor 268, this motor as an actuator job shown in Figure 20 (a) and 20 (b), in about 90 angle, to rotate movable tubes 264.The edge of the edge of the connection cutting end of movable tubes 264 and the cutting end of stationary pipes 262 is fixed on the turning cylinder 266 of motor 268.The vapoury waste gas that flows through waste pipe 51 is along the direction discharging of movable tubes 264, wherein adjusting in the angle of the direction of movable tubes 264 between the horizontal direction of the vertical downward direction of Figure 20 (a) and Figure 20 (b).As in Figure 17 and 19, being clearly shown that, because the angle of the side of movable tubes 264 and vehicle is about 45 degree, so the moving direction of movable tubes 264 has along the component of the horizontal and backward directions of vehicle.During vehicle ', waste gas from be in make movable tubes 264 towards horizontal direction layout (just, have along vehicle laterally and the state of Figure 20 (b) of the component of backward directions) direction-changeable outlet 260 discharges.The waste gas that is separated by gas-liquid separator 48 contains steam.The part of steam is discharged from direction-changeable outlet 260 in liquefaction before direction-changeable outlet 260 is discharged and with waste gas.Liquefy and export 260 drain waters from direction-changeable and flow to rear view of vehicle (tiltedly rear) obliquely with waste gas.By vehicle ' wind that vehicle ' caused or windstream along vehicle width latter half of-especially in the rear portion of vehicle central authorities-strong relatively.Along with the increase vehicle ' wind action with the vehicular sideview distance reduces.Thus, waste gas obliquely behind car discharging reduce vehicle ' wind as desired to effect with the waste gas drain water, and prevent that thus drain water from being rolled by vehicle ' wind.Waste gas obliquely behind car discharging reduced with the waste gas drain water and be contained in the steam and the ground-surface relative velocity of the liquefaction in the waste gas of discharge.Water droplet and ground-surface relative velocity big more, the degree that then causes water droplet to spatter on the road surface is big more.Thus, reduce drain water and liquefaction water and ground-surface relative velocity and reduce the amount that water spills effectively.This set has prevented drain water well because as the disturbance of vehicle ' wind and rolled-up before the arrival road surface.Make movable tubes 264 face that discharging waste gas has as above advantage in being provided with of the oblique rear of vehicle.On the other hand, when vehicle stopped, waste gas was discharged from the direction-changeable outlet 260 that makes movable tubes 264 layout vertically downward.Because movable tubes 264 is vertically downward, the discharging vertically downward in the profile of vehicle of waste gas and liquefaction water.This layout prevented effectively liquefaction water trickle down near any pedestrian the vehicle.This make movable tubes 264 vertically downward layout in exhaust gas discharging have this advantage.
As the electronic control unit 71 of first embodiment, the electronic control unit 271 that is contained among the PCU70 has CPU272, ROM273 and RAM274.Electronic control unit 271 is by the vehicle velocity V a of its input processing circuit input from car speed sensor 101, from the charge air Qa of mass flowmeter 43 with from the electric current I fc of the unshowned lead-out terminal that is connected to fuel cells 22 with the amperemeter/ammtr 114 of the outgoing current of detection fuel cells 22.Electronic control unit 271 passes through its output processing circuit to motor 268 output drive signals.
The sequence of operations that supplies the waste gas of heat-extraction system 40 from the air of fuel cell system 220 is especially discharged in sequence of operations in the fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment that the following describes at above-mentioned structure.Figure 21 illustrates the control waste gas carried out by electronic control unit 271 diagram of circuit from the emission direction control routine of the emission direction of direction-changeable outlet 260.Repeat this routine with preset time interval (for example, per 20 milliseconds).
When beginning emission direction control routine, the CPU272 of electronic control unit 271 at first imports the needed data of control, for example, vehicle velocity V a from car speed sensor 101, from the electric current I fc of amperemeter/ammtr 114 with from the charge air Qa (step S400) of mass flowmeter 43, and calculate the water yield Qfc (step S402) that produces by fuel cells 22 according to the electric current I fc of input.The outgoing current of fuel cells 22 (electric current I fc) is proportional with the mol wt of reaction in fuel cells 22.Thus, the water yield Qfc that is produced can easily be calculated by received current Ifc.
After calculating the water yield Qfc of generation, routine is according to the water yield Qfc of the generation of being calculated, and the charge air Qa of the vehicle velocity V a of input and input sets coefficient of correction Pqfc continuously, Pva and Pqa (step S404 to S408).Then, routine is set at coefficient of correction Pqfc with discharge angles Θ, and the product (step S410) and the setting value (step S412) of driven motor 268 to reach discharge angles Θ of the setting value of Pva and Pqa and value 90 stop this routine then.Coefficient of correction Pqfc, Pva and Pqa are used for determining the angle of the movable tubes 264 of direction-changeable outlet 260, and to be set in expression exhaust gas discharging direction value 0 and expression emission direction vertically downward be between the value 1 of horizontal direction.Figure 22,23 and 24 diagram of curves illustrate the variation of coefficient of correction Pqfc with respect to the water yield Qfc that produces respectively, and coefficient of correction Pva is with respect to the variation of vehicle velocity V a and the coefficient of correction Pqa variation with respect to charge air Qa.As shown in figure 22, with respect to the water yield Qfc that produces, coefficient of correction Pqfc sets for along with the increase of the water yield Qfc that produces to be increased.This is attributable to such fact, i.e. the increase of the water yield Qfc of Chan Shenging causes exporting from direction-changeable with waste gas the increase of the amount of 260 drain water amounts and liquefaction water.Water prevents to be rolled and splash on the road surface by vehicle ' wind before drain water from arriving the road surface to discharging behind the car obliquely effectively.As shown in figure 23, with respect to vehicle velocity V a, coefficient of correction Pva sets for along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a to be increased.This is attributable to such fact, and promptly higher vehicle velocity V a produces bigger vehicle ' wind effect.As shown in figure 24, with respect to charge air Qa, coefficient of correction Pqa sets for along with the increase of charge air Qa and reduces.This is attributable to such fact, and promptly higher charge air Qa has improved the discharge speed of useless G﹠W.Thus, charge air Qa can be replaced by the flow (flow rate, flow rate) of the waste gas that passes through waste pipe 51.Discharge angles Θ equals 0 when movable tubes 264 is arranged vertically downward, and equals 90 when movable tubes 264 along continuous straight runs are arranged.As well-known from the diagram of curves of Figure 22 to Figure 24, with compare with coefficient of correction Pqa with respect to the coefficient of correction Pqfc of the water yield Qfc that produces with respect to charge air Qa, the program of second embodiment will be set at respect to the coefficient of correction Pva of vehicle velocity V a has bigger effect.This is because vehicle ' wind influences the behavior of the described drain water that is dispersed and roll significantly.Discharge angles Θ is thus as the setting value according to vehicle velocity V a, and this setting value utilization supplies the charge air Qa of heat-extraction system 40 to proofread and correct by water yield Qfc and the air that fuel cells 22 produces.Simple adjustment to the direction of movable tubes 264 guarantees that waste gas suitably discharges with water.
As mentioned above, according to vehicle velocity V a, by the water yield Qfc of fuel cells 22 generations and the charge air Qa of air confession heat-extraction system 40, the fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment guarantees that waste gas suitably discharges with water.Under the condition of high vehicle velocity V a, waste gas discharges in that movable tubes 264 is faced in the layout at the oblique rear of vehicle.This layout prevents to be rolled by vehicle ' wind before arriving the road surface and disperse with waste gas drain water and the steam that is contained in the liquefaction in the waste gas of discharge effectively, suppresses to spatter water on the road surface simultaneously and is rolled by vehicle ' wind and disperse.In response to a large amount of water Qfc that produces by fuel cells 22, discharge angles is corrected into makes movable tubes 264 face the oblique rear of vehicle.Even when steam liquefaction relatively large in the waste gas that relatively large water is discharged along with waste gas or discharged, the anti-effectively sealing of this correction was rolled by vehicle ' wind before arriving the road surface and is dispersed, and suppressed to spatter water on the road surface simultaneously and was rolled by vehicle ' wind and disperse., discharge angles is corrected into makes movable tubes 264 vertically downward for the upper air current amount Qa of heat-extraction system 40 in response to air.This correction has improved from the discharge speed of the useless G﹠W of direction-changeable outlet 260 and anti-effectively sealing laterally or backward flows.On the other hand, under the condition of low vehicle velocity V a, waste gas discharges in making movable tubes 264 layout vertically downward.Thus, waste gas and liquefaction water discharging vertically downward in the profile of vehicle.This layout has prevented that as desired drain water from trickling down near any pedestrian the vehicle.
The fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment is according to vehicle velocity V a, water yield Qfc that is produced by fuel cells 22 and air are regulated the exhaust gas discharging direction of being separated by gas-liquid separator 48 for the charge air Qa of heat-extraction system 40, and the direction-changeable of the emission direction after be arranged to regulate exports 260 discharging waste gas.A kind of improvement structure can not have gas-liquid separator 48, but can under the situation of not carrying out gas-liquid separation, export blow down gas 260 from direction-changeable, this direction-changeable outlet 260 is arranged on according to vehicle velocity V a, the water yield Qfc of generation and charge air Qa and on the emission direction adjusted.Another kind of improve structure can according to vehicle velocity V a regulate water-by gas-liquid separator 48 that separate and be accumulated in water in the returnable 54-emission direction and from the direction-changeable outlet that is arranged in adjusted emission direction discharge water.
The fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment is according to vehicle velocity V a, the water yield Qfc that is produced by fuel cells 22 supplies the charge air Qa of heat-extraction system 40 to regulate the exhaust gas discharging direction of being separated by gas-liquid separator 48 with air, and discharging waste gas the outlet 260 of the direction-changeable of the emission direction after being arranged in adjusting.A kind of possible modification can only export discharging waste gas 260 according to the water yield Qfc adjusting exhaust gas discharging direction of vehicle velocity V a and generation and the direction-changeable of the emission direction after being arranged in adjusting.Another kind of possible modification can only be regulated the exhaust gas discharging direction according to vehicle velocity V a and charge air Qa, and discharging waste gas the outlet 260 of the direction-changeable of the emission direction after being arranged in adjusting.Also a kind of possible modification can be regulated the exhaust gas discharging direction in conjunction with water yield Qfc and the factor the charge air Qa except that generation according to vehicle velocity V a, and discharging waste gas the outlet 260 of the direction-changeable of the emission direction after being arranged in adjusting.Another kind of possible modification can be regulated the exhaust gas discharging direction in conjunction with the water yield Qfc, the charge air Qa that produce and another kind of factor according to vehicle velocity V a, and discharging waste gas the outlet 260 of the direction-changeable of the emission direction after being arranged in adjusting.
The fuel-cell vehicle 210 of second embodiment is according to vehicle velocity V a, water yield Qfc that produces and charge air Qa be in the lateral component and the direction of component adjusted movable tubes 264 backward, and the direction-changeable of the direction after the being arranged in adjusting outlet 260 discharging by the waste gas of gas-liquid separator 48 separation.Can be only along the direction of lateral adjustments movable tubes 264, and do not regulate along backward directions.
C. the 3rd embodiment
Below explanation is as the another kind of fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the moving body of third embodiment of the invention.Figure 25 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 310 that is installed in the 3rd embodiment is shown.As shown in figure 25, except the direction of the direction-changeable outlet 260 of the discharge end that is positioned at waste pipe 51 be adjusted to moving direction with vehicle identical, the fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment has the structure of the structure of the fuel-cell vehicle 210 that is similar to second embodiment.Set forth for fear of repeating, the identical member in the fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment and the fuel-cell vehicle 210 second embodiment is represented with identical label, and is not specified at this.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment, electronic control unit 271 is carried out the emission direction control routine of Figure 26, rather than the emission direction control routine of Figure 21.The emission direction control routine of Figure 26 is at first imported from the vehicle velocity V a of car speed sensor 101 with from the charge air Qa (step S420) of mass flowmeter 43, and calculates exhaust gas discharging flow velocity Vg from direction-changeable outlet 260 according to the charge air Qa of input.As mentioned above, charge air Qa is convertible into the flow (flow velocity) of the waste gas of being discharged by fuel cells 22.Thus, the discharging cross-sectional plane calculating by direction-changeable outlet 260 exports 260 exhaust gas discharging flow velocity Vg from direction-changeable.Then, routine is calculated the relative vehicle velocity V r (step S424) of road pavement by the vehicle velocity V a of input.Then, routine is set discharge angles Θ (step S426) and the setting value (step S428) of driven motor 268 to reach discharge angles Θ according to relative vehicle velocity V r that is calculated and the discharge speed Vg that is calculated, and stops this routine then.Figure 27 illustrates with respect to the relative vehicle velocity V r of road pavement and the discharge angles Θ of discharge speed Vg.Discharge angles Θ represents the angle that the relative vehicle velocity V r of road pavement is offset along the component of vehicle moving direction by discharge speed Vg.This control has been eliminated along the speed component of vehicle moving direction for the ground-surface relative velocity from the waste gas and the water of discharging from direction-changeable outlet 260, only stays along the speed component with respect to the ground-surface vertical direction.Be that water is along discharging from direction-changeable outlet 260 perpendicular to the ground-surface direction.This layout has been eliminated drain water along the speed component with respect to the ground-surface horizontal direction, prevents from effectively thus that drain water is scattered on the road surface and is suppressed at the water that splashes on the road surface to be rolled by vehicle ' wind.
As mentioned above, according to from the exhaust gas discharging flow velocity Vg of direction-changeable outlet 260 and the relative vehicle velocity V r of road pavement, fuel-cell vehicle 310 dischargings of the 3rd embodiment only have along the useless G﹠W of the speed component of vertical downward direction.This control prevents that effectively drain water from being rolled by vehicle ' wind dispersing on the road surface and be suppressed at the water that splashes on the road surface.
The fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment changes the direction of the movable tubes 264 of direction-changeables outlet 260, to have from direction-changeable outlet 260 dischargings with respect to the road surface only along the useless G﹠W of the speed component of vertical downward direction.A kind of possible modification can not change the emission direction of useless G﹠W, only has along the useless G﹠W of the speed component of vertical downward direction with discharging but can change exhaust emission flow velocity Vg.In the improvement structure shown in a kind of Figure 28 and 29, vertically be bent downwardly waste pipe 51 so that it has discharge angles Θ.End at waste pipe 51 is connected with the long-pending outlet 370 of variable cross section.The long-pending outlet 370 of variable cross section comprises the sectional area changeable mechanism 372 that is similar to camera aperture (view-finder) and is used as the motor 374 of actuator with the sectional area of change sectional area changeable mechanism 372.In this improved structure, the aperture area that execution is shown in the diagram of circuit of Figure 30 is regulated routine, with according to shown in Figure 27 with respect to the relation between the relative vehicle velocity V r of ground-surface, discharge angles Θ and the discharge speed Vg, by discharge angles Θ with calculate discharge speed Vg with respect to the relative vehicle velocity V r of ground-surface, wherein vehicle velocity V r calculates (step S430 to S434) by the vehicle velocity V a of input relatively.Then, the aperture area S that routine is set sectional area changeable mechanism 372 exports 370 discharging waste gas (step S436) to amass from variable cross section by the discharge speed Vg that calculates, and the setting value (step S438) of driven motor 374 to reach aperture area S.This improved structure only has the useless G﹠W of edge with respect to the speed component of road surface vertical downward direction from long-pending outlet 370 dischargings of variable cross section.This layout has been brought into play the effect of the fuel-cell vehicle 310 that is similar to the 3rd embodiment, prevents from effectively that drain water from dispersing and being suppressed at the water that splashes on the road surface to be rolled by vehicle ' wind on the road surface.In this improved structure, regulate discharge speed Vg by the aperture area that changes the long-pending outlet 370 of variable cross section.The another kind of structure of improving can be connected to pump and flow-controlling gate on the waste pipe 51, and by to the pressurization of waste gas with by means of flow-controlling gate discharge speed Vg being regulated in the adjusting of the flow of pressurised exhaust gas by means of pump.
The fuel-cell vehicle 310 of the 3rd embodiment according to from the exhaust gas discharging flow velocity Vg of direction-changeable outlet 260 with respect to the relative vehicle velocity V r of ground-surface, discharge the useless G﹠W that separates by gas-liquid separator 48 only to have along mode with respect to the speed component of ground-surface vertical downward direction.A kind of improvement structure can not have gas-liquid separator 48, but can discharge the waste gas that only has along with respect to road surface speed component vertically downward under the situation of not carrying out gas-liquid separation according to exhaust gas discharging flow velocity Vg and relative vehicle velocity V r.The another kind of structure of improving can be discharged the water that only has along with respect to road surface speed component vertically downward according to relative vehicle velocity V r, and this water is separated by gas-liquid separator 48 and is accumulated in the returnable 54.
D. the 4th embodiment
Below explanation is as the another kind of fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the moving body of fourth embodiment of the invention.Figure 31 is the birds-eye view that the floor plan of the device on the fuel-cell vehicle 410 that is installed in the 4th embodiment is shown.Figure 32 is the system diagram that schematically shows the structure of the fuel cell system 420 on the fuel-cell vehicle 410 that is installed in the 4th embodiment.Shown in Figure 31 and 32, except the structure of exhaust system 50, the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment has the structure of the structure of the fuel-cell vehicle 10 that is similar to first embodiment.Set forth for fear of repeating, the identical member in the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment and the fuel-cell vehicle 10 first embodiment is represented with identical label, and is not specified at this.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment, be used in humidifier 46 humidification air supplied for the waste gas from fuel cells 22 in the heat-extraction system 40 at air, and be discharged in the atmosphere through waste pipe 451 subsequently.Thus, vapoury waste gas and liquefaction water are directly discharged from waste pipe 451.
Figure 33 be illustrate with respect to be installed in electronic control unit 471 input and output among the PCU70 in order to waste gas is carried out the block scheme of the control signal of emission control.Electronic control unit 471 is configured to comprise the ROM473 of CPU472, storage processing program, temporarily stores the microprocessor of the output processing circuit 476 of the input processing circuit 475 of RAM474, receiving inputted signal of data and output signal.The vehicle velocity V a that electronic control unit 471 receives from car speed sensor 101 by input processing circuit 475, FC electric current I fc from the current sensor 423 of the lead-out terminal that is installed to fuel cells 22, from being installed to the air themperature Tin of air for the air-temperature pickup 443 of the supply side of heat-extraction system 40, from being positioned at the back pressure Pb of air near the back pressure transducer 444 the fuel cells 22 of the waste side of heat-extraction system 40, from the exhaust gas temperature sensor 453 that is installed on the waste pipe 451, the exhaust gas temperature Tout of PFE Exhaust Pressure Transducer 454 and exhaust gas flow sensor 455, exhaust gas pressure Pout and exhaust gas flow Qout, from the cooling water temperature Tw1 of the cooling-water temperature sensor 461 of the front and back of the radiator 66 that is arranged in cooling system 60 and 462 and Tw2 with from the various detection signals of the various sensors that comprise temperature sensor and pressure sensor that are arranged in hydrogen feed system 30.Electronic control unit 471 by the fan 66a of the radiator 66 of output processing circuit 476 in cooling system 60, in the cooling system 60 cooling water pump 64 and be arranged on air for back pressure regulating valve 441 output drive signals in the heat-extraction system 40.
The sequence of operations of emission control is especially carried out in sequence of operations in the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment that the following describes at above-mentioned structure for the waste gas in the heat-extraction system 40 to air.Figure 34 is the diagram of circuit that the emission control routine of being carried out by electronic control unit 471 is shown.Repeat this routine with preset time interval (for example, every several seconds).
When beginning emission control routine, the CPU472 of electronic control unit 471 at first imports the needed data of control, for example, vehicle velocity V a from car speed sensor 101, FC electric current I fc from current sensor 423, from the exhaust gas temperature Tout of exhaust gas temperature sensor 453, from the exhaust gas pressure Pout of PFE Exhaust Pressure Transducer 454 with from the exhaust gas flow Qout (step S500) of exhaust gas flow sensor 455.Routine is one after the other calculated the water yield Qfc (generating the amount of water) (step S502) that time per unit is produced by fuel cells 22 by input FC electric current I fc, calculate the discharge of steam amount Qw1 (step 504) that the expression time per unit is discharged from waste pipe 451 by input exhaust gas temperature Tout, input exhaust gas pressure Pout and input exhaust gas flow Qout, deduct expression time per unit that the discharge of steam amount Qw1 that calculated calculates displacement Qw2 (step S506) with the amount of liquid water form discharging by water yield Qfc from the generation of being calculated with the amount of vapor form.The saturated vapor pressure of the program utilization of this embodiment under exhaust gas temperature Tout comes calculation of steam quantity discharged Qw1.As mentioned above, can calculate the water yield Qfc of generation by FC electric current I fc.
Routine is set amount (permission displacement) Qwref (step S508) that allows to be discharged into the aqueous water in the atmosphere based on vehicle velocity V a subsequently.In the structure of the 4th embodiment, reduce allowing displacement Qwref to set for along with the increase of vehicle velocity V a.Set in advance and allow displacement Qwref to be stored among the ROM473 as permission displacement setting figure with respect to the variation relation of vehicle velocity V a and with it.The program of the 4th embodiment reads and sets the permission displacement Qwref corresponding to given vehicle velocity V a from allow displacement setting figure.Figure 35 shows an example that allows displacement setting figure.
Then, routine target setting battery temperature Tfc
*Eliminating the displacement Qw2 calculated and to allow poor (step S510) between the displacement Qwref, and with target battery temperature T fc
*Setting value be limited in the scope between temperature upper limit Tmax and the lowest temperature value Tmin (step S512).The back pressure of routine control cooling system 60 and fuel cells 22 is with the target battery temperature T fc in the scope that is limited between temperature upper limit Tmax and the lowest temperature value Tmin
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22 (step S514) stops this routine then.By the running temperature elimination displacement Qw2 of change fuel cells 22 and the difference between the permission displacement Qwref.This is because the variation of the running temperature of fuel cells 22 has changed from the temperature of air for the waste gas of heat-extraction system 40, and has changed discharge of steam amount Qw1 thus.When displacement Qw2 when allowing displacement Qwref, target battery temperature T fc
*Be improved, thus the temperature of the waste gas that raise.The temperature build-up of waste gas has increased discharge of steam amount Qw1, but has reduced displacement Qw2.On the other hand, when displacement Qw2 when allowing displacement Qwref, target battery temperature T fc
*Reduce, thereby reduced the temperature of waste gas.The drop in temperature of waste gas has reduced discharge of steam amount Qw1, but has increased displacement Qw2.By in response to by cooling-water temperature sensor 461 detected temperature the rotating speed to the fan 66a of radiator 66 regulate, and by in response to the discharge capacity of cooling water pump 64 being regulated by cooling-water temperature sensor 461 detected temperature, can be at target battery temperature T fc
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22.Also can be by regulating back pressure regulating valve 441 air of fuel metering battery pack 22 for the back pressure in the heat-extraction system 40, realize that fuel cells 22 is at target battery temperature T fc
*Under operation.This is owing to such fact, i.e. the increase of the back pressure of fuel cells 22 causes the higher emissions temperature of air compressor 44.The rising of the exhaust temperature of air compressor 44 has increased the wettability (humidification rate) of humidifier 46, thereby changes displacement Qw2 significantly.The control of fuel cells 22 back pressures is caused the adjusting of the wettability in the humidifier 46 and therefore eliminates displacement Qw2 and allow difference between the displacement Qwref.
As mentioned above, the running temperature of the fuel-cell vehicle 410 fuel metering battery pack 22 of the 4th embodiment, with elimination displacement Qw2 with corresponding to the difference between the permission displacement Qwref of vehicle velocity V a setting, wherein displacement Qw2 obtains by deducting discharge of steam amount Qw1 from the water yield Qfc that produces.The adjusting of this running temperature makes from the amount of the aqueous water of waste pipe 451 discharges and equals to allow displacement Qwref.Set to allow displacement Qwref corresponding to vehicle velocity V a, so as to follow-up vehicle and near other vehicle almost do not have influence or influence very little.Thus, determine suitable displacement according to vehicle velocity V a.
The fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment is with target battery temperature T fc
*Set the running temperature of fuel cells 22 for, so that eliminate the difference between displacement Qw2 and the permission displacement Qwref.Also can achieve this end by changing discharge of steam amount Qw1.Thus, a kind of improved program setting is from the target temperature of the waste gas of waste pipe 451 and driving fuel battery pack 22 target temperature fixed to reach.
The fuel-cell vehicle 410 target setting battery temperature Tfc of the 4th embodiment
*To eliminate the difference between displacement Qw2 and the permission displacement Qwref.Can calculate target battery temperature T fc
*, so that displacement Qw2 equals to allow displacement Qwref.When displacement Qw2 under with the situation of standard (usually) temperature fuel cell operation group 22 when allowing displacement Qwref, the running temperature that changes fuel cells 22 is so that displacement Qw2 equals to allow displacement Qwref.On the other hand, displacement Qw2 is not more than when allowing displacement Qwref under with the situation of standard temperature fuel cell operation group 22, can not change the running temperature of fuel cells 22.The emission control routine of this set is shown in the diagram of circuit of Figure 36.After having set permission displacement Qwref, displacement Qw2 that this routine comparison is calculated and permission displacement Qwref (step S520).When displacement Qw2 when allowing displacement Qwref, routine is determined target battery temperature T fc
*Whether equal standard temperature (step S524).As target battery temperature T fc
*When equaling standard temperature, routine is according to exhaust gas pressure Pout, and exhaust gas flow Qout and permission displacement Qwref reset target battery temperature T fc
*, so that displacement Qw2 equals to allow displacement Qwref (step S526).Target battery temperature T fc
*Setting be subject to temperature upper limit Tmax (step S528).Then, the back pressure of routine control cooling system 60 and fuel cells 22 is with at the target battery temperature T fc that is subjected to temperature upper limit Tmax restriction
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22 (step S530).As target battery temperature T fc in step S524
*When being not equal to standard temperature, routine assertive goal battery temperature Tfc
*Set for and made displacement Qw2 equal to allow displacement Qwref.Therefore, the back pressure of routine control cooling system 60 and fuel cells 22 is with at current goal battery temperature Tfc
*Setting value under driving fuel battery pack 22 (step S530).When displacement Qw2 was not more than permission displacement Qwref, the routine identification there is no need to reduce displacement Qw2 by the running temperature of rising fuel cells 22.Therefore, routine is with target battery temperature T fc
*The back pressure of setting standard temperature (step S522) and control cooling system 60 and fuel cells 22 for is with at target battery temperature T fc
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22 (step S530).When displacement Qw2 is not more than permission displacement Qwref, this improved program driving fuel battery pack 22 under standard temperature.This layout guarantees that the high electric power of fuel cells 22 produces efficient.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment, adopt multiple technologies with at target battery temperature T fc
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22: promptly in response to the technology of the rotating speed of the fan 66a of radiator 66 being regulated by the temperature of cooling-water temperature sensor 461 detections; In response to the technology of the discharge capacity of cooling water pump 64 being regulated by cooling-water temperature sensor 461 detected temperature; Adjusting back pressure regulating valve 441 supplies the technology of the back pressure in the heat-extraction system 40 with the air of fuel metering battery pack 22.Any or any two that can adopt these technology are with at target battery temperature T fc
*Following driving fuel battery pack 22.
In the fuel-cell vehicle 410 of the 4th embodiment, from the waste gas of fuel cells 22 only by humidifier 46 and in gas-liquid separator, do not carry out directly being discharged in the atmosphere under the situation of gas-liquid separation.Yet, as the fuel-cell vehicle 10 of first embodiment, from the waste gas of fuel cells 22 can be in being discharged to atmosphere before by gas-liquid separator 48.In this improved layout, control makes the amount of the liquid water separated by gas-liquid separator 48 equal to allow displacement Qwref.
E. the 5th embodiment
Figure 37 schematically shows the structure of the vehicle 1010 in the fifth embodiment of the invention.This vehicle 1010 has the fuel cell/fuel cells 1020 that is arranged in rear portion fuel cell chamber 1012 as electric power source, and by the power driven of motor 1030.Motor 1030 can be any multi-form motor, but is synchronous motor in the present embodiment.Inverter 1031 is used for converting the direct current (DC) from these fuel cells 1020 outputs to three plase alternating current.By three-phase alternating current electric drive motor 1030.The power of motor 1030 is delivered to wheel 1033 with powered vehicle 1010 by rotating shaft 1032.
This fuel cells 1020 produces electric power by the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen.This fuel cells 1020 can be any multi-form fuel cell, but is polymer electrolyte fuel cells in the present embodiment.By oxygen electrode or the negative electrode supply air of supply line 1024 to fuel cells 1020.Subsequently, by supply line 1022 from a plurality of fuel tanks 1050 of being arranged in roof fuel tank chamber 1011 hydrogen electrode or anode supply hydrogen to fuel cells 1020.
The exhaust system of negative electrode in the fuel cell chamber 1012 has been shown in the amplification diagrammatic sketch of bottom.Cathode exhaust from the negative electrode of fuel cells 1020 comprises by the water that electrochemical reaction produced that is used to generate electricity.Cathode exhaust flows to gas-liquid separator 1021 carrying out gas-liquid separation by pipeline 1024P, and discharges from freeing pipe 1025.The water that is separated is by discharge port 1026 and accumulate in the dashpot 1027 that is arranged in vehicle 1010 belows.The water of accumulating in dashpot 1027 is discharged to atmosphere by exhaust tube 1028.Exhaust tube 1028 is arranged on the place ahead of dashpot 1027.The bottom surface of dashpot 1027 tilts to be used for smoothly from exhaust tube 1028 discharge waters from higher rear end towards lower front end.The open end of exhaust tube 1028 height H (hereinafter being called " open end height ") overhead is set to low fully, and drain water from being rolled by windstream during vehicle 1010 travels and dispersing to prevent.
In the structure of present embodiment, not by above-mentioned exhaust system, but be recycled to feed pipe 1022 to effectively utilize the remaining hydrogen that do not consume to generate electricity from the anode waste gas of anode.Anode waste gas from anode also can be discharged from exhaust system with cathode exhaust.
Figure 38 illustrates the function of dashpot 1027.Vehicle 1010 is in halted state in Figure 38 (a).Under this state, the water of accumulating in dashpot 1027 is discharged to outside vehicle from exhaust tube 1028.When vehicle 1010 is in halted state, there is not water to be rolled by windstream and disperse.
In Figure 38 (b), vehicle 1010 is in acceleration mode.Under this state, the water of accumulating in dashpot 1027 is pressed backward by the force of inertia " A " that quickens to cause.This makes the water surface leave the joint of exhaust tube 1028, thus and the discharging of inhibition water.The possibility of dispersing that the discharging of water is suppressed to have reduced institute's drain water that the windstream that produces owing to under-vehicle causes.
In Figure 38 (c), vehicle 1010 is in deceleration regime.Under this state, the water of accumulating in dashpot 1027 is pressed forward by the force of inertia " A " that is caused by deceleration.This helps from exhaust tube 1028 discharge waters.The windstream that under-vehicle produces weakens because of deceleration, thereby reduces dispersing of institute's drain water relatively.The open end height of exhaust tube 1028 is arranged to suppress the abundant low height that disperses of institute's drain water ideally under deceleration regime.
As mentioned above, in the vehicle 1010 of the 5th embodiment, being arranged on the dashpot 1027 in the exhaust system and the effect of exhaust tube 1028 is the dischargings that can suppress water under the acceleration mode effectively, helps the discharging of water under the deceleration regime.During travelling usually, vehicle often repeats to quicken and slows down not travel continuously under fixing cruising speed.Thereby, help the discharging of water under the deceleration regime and suppress this set of the discharging of water under the acceleration mode, dispersing of institute's drain water during travelling can be reduced to can not influence follow-up and near the degree of smooth-ride of vehicle.
F. the 6th embodiment
Figure 39 illustrates the structure of the exhaust system of the sixth embodiment of the present invention.The structure of the 6th embodiment has an exhaust tube 1028A who has leaf valve (lead valve) 1028V below dashpot 1027.The effect of leaf valve 1028V be during vehicle ' in response to the fluctuation of pressure pressure (punching press, ram pressure) of windstream, that is, open and close in response to the pressure that stops windstream.
The diagram of curves of bottom illustrates the effect of leaf valve 1028V.Make windstream (speed) strengthen along with the car speed increase and disperse more tempestuously from exhaust tube 1028A drain water.When car speed surpasses prescribed level Vr, because there is the possibility of the smooth-ride that influences follow-up and near vehicle, so require to suppress dispersing of water droplet.The program of this embodiment is set at the design speed Vd that disperses that is used to suppress water droplet with the value lower slightly than prescribed level Vr.
Square increase pro rata of fluctuation of pressure pressure and car speed is shown in curve P.This curve P provides one and the corresponding fluctuation of pressure pressure P of design speed Vd d.In the structure of this embodiment, regulate the operating pressure of leaf valve 1028V, so that leaf valve 1028V opens in response to the fluctuation of pressure pressure less than value Pd, and close in response to the fluctuation of pressure pressure of the value of being not less than Pd.
In the vehicle of the 6th embodiment, this being adjusted in when car speed surpasses design speed Vd closed leaf valve 1028V fully to stop the discharging of water.This set suppresses to influence the dispersing of institute's drain water of degree of the smooth-ride of follow-up and near vehicle effectively.
In the structure of the 6th embodiment, exhaust tube 1028A is positioned at the below of dashpot 1027.Exhaust tube 1028A also can be positioned at the place ahead of dashpot 1027, as the structure of the 5th embodiment.When surpassing design speed Vd, car speed needn't close leaf valve 1028V fully.This mechanism can reduce the aperture of leaf valve 1028V continuously or by stages according to car speed.
The leaf valve 1028V of the 6th embodiment can be replaced by electromagnetic valve.This distressed structure also can comprise the control unit in order to the operation of control electromagnetic valve in addition.This control unit reduces the aperture of electromagnetic valve or closes electromagnetic valve fully when car speed surpasses design speed Vd.
Figure 40 illustrates the structure of another exhaust system of a variation.In this modified example, the bottom surface of dashpot 1027A tilts towards lower rear end from higher front end with a height L.Even this inclination makes the water of accumulating in dashpot 1027A also will leave exhaust tube 1028 under the stabilized conditions shown in Figure 40 (a), thus the discharging of inhibition water.This set has suppressed the discharging of the water during vehicle stabilization travels effectively, thereby and has reduced dispersing of institute's drain water.
When vehicle is in acceleration mode following time, force of inertia " A " is used to suppress the discharging of water, shown in Figure 40 (b).On the other hand, when vehicle is in deceleration regime following time, force of inertia " A " thus be used for pushing the water of being accumulated forward and the discharging that promotes water, shown in Figure 40 (c).Travelling of vehicle generally includes section deceleration time.Thereby during stable travelling to the inhibition of the discharging of water can be to dashpot 1027A in accumulating of water cause damage.
Figure 41 illustrates the structure of the another exhaust system of another modified example.In this modified example, the rigidity exhaust tube 1028B of front opening is installed on the dashpot 1027.In shown this example, the sectional area S0 of the front opening of exhaust tube 1028B greater than with the sectional area S1 of the joint of dashpot 1027.Exhaust tube 1028B also can form has identical sectional area S0 and the drum of S1.
In the structure of this modified example, during vehicle ' to the exhaust tube 1028B fluctuating pressure of exerting pressure.The water of accumulating in dashpot 1027A flows forward to flow out exhaust tube 1028B.The outflow of fluctuation of pressure pressure restraining water.In the structure of this modified example, the effect of fluctuation of pressure pressure has suppressed the discharging of water during running at high speed effectively.
Lower curve illustrates the influence of sectional area ratio example S0/S1 to the discharging of inhibition water.Suppose as the lower limit Vr of the car speed of discharging that need to have considered to suppress water with reference to the described content of structure of the 6th embodiment and set design speed Vd.Curve P provides the cooresponding fluctuation of pressure pressure Pa with design speed Vd.In order to suppress the discharging of water, the fluctuation of pressure pressure Pa is greater than the hydraulic pressure of the water of accumulating in baffle-box 1028, to flow out from exhaust tube 1028B.The hydraulic pressure of the water of being accumulated changes along with the water yield of accumulating in dashpot 1027 (water level), but also can set corresponding to the average water yield of accumulating under the typical drive condition.The program of this embodiment will the value higher slightly than this cooresponding hydraulic pressure be set at the design value Pd of fluctuation of pressure pressure.
The pipe internal pressure generally changes with the variation of the sectional area of pipe.For example, the sectional area ratio S0/S1 of exhaust tube 1028B is set to be not less than 1 and will increases at the fluctuation of pressure pressure of the joint of exhaust tube 1028B and greater than the fluctuation of pressure pressure at the front opening place.In this modified example, based on pressure ratio Rd (=Pd/Pa) cooresponding sectional area ratio Sd determines the shape of exhaust tube 1028B, wherein, Pd is meant the design value of fluctuation of pressure pressure, and Pa is meant the cooresponding fluctuation of pressure pressure with design speed Vd.Thus by can suppress the discharging of water effectively to the control of fluctuation of pressure pressure.
The foregoing description relates to the automobile of fuel cell as electric power source is installed thereon.Except that fuel cell, this automobile can have any other the various electric power source that comprise secondary battery and cond.Technology of the present invention is not limited to be equipped with on it automobile of fuel cell, also goes for the various ground moving bodys that comprise train, roadlice and various vehicles except that automobile, and various non-grounds moving body.
The foregoing description all is illustrative rather than restrictive in all respects.Under the condition of scope that does not break away from principal character of the present invention or spirit, various deformation, change and change can be arranged.Institute in the equivalent meaning of claim and scope changes and all therefore is contained in wherein.
Industrial Applicability As
Technology of the present invention is applicable to the process industry of the various moving bodys that comprise automobile effectively.
Claims (16)
1. moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell are installed on the described moving body and when producing electric power as electric power source and produce water as side production, and described moving body comprises:
The water that will be produced by described fuel cell is discharged into exhaust unit the atmosphere with variable emissions status from the outside face of described moving body;
Detect the mobile status detecting unit of the mobile status of described moving body; And
The emission control unit, the emissions status of described water is determined corresponding to the mobile status that is detected in this emission control unit, thereby and controls described exhaust unit and discharge described water with determined emissions status.
2. moving body according to claim 1 is characterized in that described exhaust unit changes the emission direction of described water, and
Described emission control unit is determined the emission direction of described water corresponding to the mobile status that is detected and is controlled described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.
3. moving body according to claim 2 is characterized in that described mobile status detecting unit detects the moving velocity of described moving body,
Described exhaust unit can be changed into described emission direction the regulation emission direction that has along the horizontal component of described moving body, and
Described emission control unit determines that described emission direction is with along with the increase of the moving velocity of the described moving body that is detected and increase along the horizontal component of described moving body and control described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.
4. moving body according to claim 2 is characterized in that described mobile status detecting unit detects the moving velocity of described moving body,
Described exhaust unit can be changed into described emission direction the regulation emission direction that has towards the component at the rear of described moving body, and
Described emission control unit determines that described emission direction is with along with the increase of the moving velocity of the described moving body that is detected and increase towards the component at the rear of described moving body and control described exhaust unit to discharge described water along determined emission direction.
5. moving body according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described exhaust unit comprises that the mass rate of emission of the mass rate of emission that changes described water changes the unit, and
Described emission control unit determines that corresponding to the mobile status that is detected described mass rate of emission changes the state of unit, regulates described mass rate of emission and changes the unit keeping determined state, and control described exhaust unit to discharge described water.
6. moving body according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described emission control unit determines that state that described mass rate of emission changes the unit is to reduce described water along the moving direction of described moving body for the ground-surface relative velocity.
7. moving body according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described mass rate of emission changes the aperture area that the discharge port that is used to discharge described water is regulated in the unit, to change the mass rate of emission of described water.
8. moving body according to claim 5 is characterized in that, described mass rate of emission changes the pressure that the unit is adjusted to the path of the discharge port that is used for discharging described water, to change the mass rate of emission of described water.
9. moving body according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the waste gas that discharging was discharged from described fuel cell when described exhaust unit discharged described water.
10. moving body that has fuel cell, this fuel cell are installed on the described moving body and when producing electric power as electric power source and produce water as side production, and described moving body comprises:
Move the operation unit of described fuel cell;
Exhaust unit, this exhaust unit discharges at least a portion of the water that is produced by described fuel cell from the outside face of described moving body with the form of steam to atmosphere, and discharge the waste gas of discharging from described fuel cell simultaneously; And
The emission control unit, this emission control unit controls described operation unit so that by the quantity discharged of the aqueous water of described exhaust unit discharging in the scope that allows displacement.
11. moving body according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described operation unit is regulated from the temperature of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge, and
The described operation of described emission control unit controls unit also makes the quantity discharged of described aqueous water in the scope of described permission displacement to regulate from the temperature of the described waste gas of described fuel cell discharge thereby change the amount that is comprised in the steam in the water that is produced by described fuel cell thus.
12. moving body according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described operation unit drives cooling mechanism to be cooling off described fuel cell, and
The described operation of described emission control unit controls unit is also regulated from the temperature of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge thus with the driving condition of regulating described cooling mechanism.
13. moving body according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described operation unit is regulated from the back pressure of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge, and
The described operation of described emission control unit controls unit is also regulated from the temperature of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge from the back pressure of the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge thus with adjusting.
14. moving body according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described operation unit comprises and uses the moisture be comprised in from the waste gas that described fuel cell the is discharged humidifier unit to the gas humidification of supplying with described fuel cell, and
Described emission control unit is regulated the humidification amount and is made the quantity discharged of described aqueous water thus in the scope of described permission displacement by described humidifier unit.
15. moving body according to claim 10 is characterized in that, described moving body also comprises:
Detect the running state detecting unit of the running state of described fuel cell,
Wherein, described emission control cell response is calculated the quantity discharged of described aqueous water by the running state of the described fuel cell of described running state detecting unit detection, set the controlled variable in the described operation unit so that the quantity discharged of the aqueous water that is calculated in the scope of described permission displacement, and utilizes the controlled variable set to control described operation unit.
16. moving body according to claim 15 is characterized in that, described controlled variable is the target temperature from the waste gas of described fuel cell discharge.
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| JP301311/2003 | 2003-08-26 | ||
| JP2003301311 | 2003-08-26 | ||
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| JP2004154101A JP4622313B2 (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-05-25 | Moving body |
| JP154101/2004 | 2004-05-25 |
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| CNB2004800243972A Division CN100355598C (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
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| CN101164806B CN101164806B (en) | 2010-06-09 |
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| CNB2004800243934A Expired - Fee Related CN100406291C (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CNB2004800243972A Active CN100355598C (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CN2007101625166A Expired - Fee Related CN101177125B (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CN2009101609995A Expired - Fee Related CN101612882B (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CN2007101668354A Active CN101164806B (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
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| CNB2004800243934A Expired - Fee Related CN100406291C (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CNB2004800243972A Active CN100355598C (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CN2007101625166A Expired - Fee Related CN101177125B (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
| CN2009101609995A Expired - Fee Related CN101612882B (en) | 2003-08-26 | 2004-08-12 | Moving body |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105658460A (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2016-06-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Piping member for fuel cell, and fuel cell vehicle provided with same |
| CN108695527A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-23 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel-cell vehicle |
| CN109017343A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel-cell vehicle and its control method |
| CN114792830A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-26 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile fuel cell drainage control method and device based on acceleration |
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| JP4530176B2 (en) * | 2006-10-26 | 2010-08-25 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
| JP6144303B2 (en) * | 2015-08-27 | 2017-06-07 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
| FR3041596B1 (en) * | 2015-09-30 | 2017-12-08 | Plastic Omnium Cie | AERODYNAMIC SYSTEM WITH VORTEX GENERATOR SUPPLIED BY EXHAUST GASES |
| CN109921063A (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-21 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | A kind of fuel battery air humidifying system, fuel cell system and vehicle |
| JP6897578B2 (en) * | 2018-01-11 | 2021-06-30 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
| CN108539224A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-14 | 云浮市飞驰新能源汽车有限公司 | A kind of hydrogen fuel cell cooling system and use its fuel-cell vehicle |
| JP7131463B2 (en) * | 2019-04-02 | 2022-09-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | fuel cell system |
| JP7136012B2 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2022-09-13 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | fuel cell system |
| CN112248748B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2022-01-21 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Fuel cell automobile waste air recycling system and control method thereof |
| CN113555583B (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2022-11-01 | 东风汽车集团股份有限公司 | Exhaust method and exhaust device for fuel cell automobile cooling system |
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| JPH1131519A (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1999-02-02 | Toyota Autom Loom Works Ltd | Solid polymeric electrolyte type fuel cell system |
| CN1340221A (en) * | 1999-01-12 | 2002-03-13 | 泰勒戴尼能源***公司 | Method and apparatus for maintaining neutral water balance in a fuel cell system |
| WO2001073877A2 (en) * | 2000-03-28 | 2001-10-04 | Manhattan Scientifics, Inc. | Method of operating a fuel cell system, and fuel cell system operable accordingly |
| JP4382250B2 (en) * | 2000-04-28 | 2009-12-09 | ヤマハ発動機株式会社 | Drainage device for fuel cell vehicle |
| JP3724332B2 (en) * | 2000-05-23 | 2005-12-07 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Fuel cell system |
| EP1333518B1 (en) * | 2000-10-20 | 2011-08-24 | Panasonic Corporation | Fuel cell system and method of operating the system |
| JP3771441B2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2006-04-26 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Fuel cell vehicle |
| US6467698B2 (en) * | 2001-01-17 | 2002-10-22 | Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. | Vehicles containing water-producing fuel cells, and methods for using water produced by the fuel cells |
| JP4470346B2 (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2010-06-02 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | In-vehicle fuel cell system and hydrogen off-gas discharge method |
| JP3438725B2 (en) * | 2001-06-08 | 2003-08-18 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Vehicle cooling system |
| JP3679070B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2005-08-03 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | Control device for fuel cell vehicle |
| JP2003063332A (en) * | 2001-08-22 | 2003-03-05 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | Exhaust structure of fuel cell powered vehicle |
-
2004
- 2004-08-12 CN CNB2004800243934A patent/CN100406291C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-12 CN CNB2004800243972A patent/CN100355598C/en active Active
- 2004-08-12 CN CN2007101625166A patent/CN101177125B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-12 CN CN2009101609995A patent/CN101612882B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-08-12 CN CN2007101668354A patent/CN101164806B/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105658460A (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2016-06-08 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Piping member for fuel cell, and fuel cell vehicle provided with same |
| CN105658460B (en) * | 2013-10-07 | 2018-07-17 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | The tube parts of fuel cell and the fuel-cell vehicle for having the tube parts |
| CN108695527A (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-23 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel-cell vehicle |
| CN109017343A (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Fuel-cell vehicle and its control method |
| CN114792830A (en) * | 2022-05-05 | 2022-07-26 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Automobile fuel cell drainage control method and device based on acceleration |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101177125A (en) | 2008-05-14 |
| CN101612882A (en) | 2009-12-30 |
| CN1842427A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
| CN101612882B (en) | 2012-09-05 |
| CN100355598C (en) | 2007-12-19 |
| CN101164806B (en) | 2010-06-09 |
| CN100406291C (en) | 2008-07-30 |
| CN101177125B (en) | 2010-09-08 |
| CN1842428A (en) | 2006-10-04 |
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