CN101151964A - Ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber - Google Patents
Ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber Download PDFInfo
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- CN101151964A CN101151964A CNA2006100693068A CN200610069306A CN101151964A CN 101151964 A CN101151964 A CN 101151964A CN A2006100693068 A CNA2006100693068 A CN A2006100693068A CN 200610069306 A CN200610069306 A CN 200610069306A CN 101151964 A CN101151964 A CN 101151964A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biomass sea cucumber ecological breeding method which regularly puts the biomass into a pond during breeding up period of the sea cucumber breeding process in the pond. The original density of the biomass solution is 5-7 billion cells per ml. The biomass can degrade, absorb and convert such organic pollutants as residue baits, excrements and dead biological bodies, nitrogen and sulfur in the sea cucumber breeding environment, form advantage genus groups to effectively restrain growth and breeding of harmful micro-organisms and algae, reduce harmful contents of ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid and hydrogen sulfide and promote the sea cucumber growth up. The invention has the advantages of convenient management, low breeding costs, high economic benefits, water body breeding optimization, low incidence rate of diseases and low death rate of the sea cucumber.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the mariculture technical field, especially relate to a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber.
Background technology
Stichopus japonicus (apostichopus japonicus Selenka) is aquatic products high-quality, the high-yield and high-efficiency kind that a kind of adaptability is extremely strong, better nutritivity value and commodity value are arranged.Especially with the high protein that do not contain cholesterol, prevention of arterial sclerosis with increase multiple specific function such as body immunity and be world-famous for very popular and favor.In recent years, along with the minimizing of sea cucumber natural resources amount and the consumer increase to the sea cucumber demand, sea cucumber was propagated artificially and had obtained the development of advancing by leaps and bounds.
Especially in recent years, the sea cucumber artificial propagation techniques makes a breakthrough, and has successfully solved seed and has supplied this key issue, and holothruian cultures are already developed rapidly.At present the Shandong Peninsula and Liaodong Peninsula various ways such as are broadcast with pond, cofferdam, shallow sea and the marine end and are carried out holothruian cultures, Liaoning Province intends utilizing above-mentioned three kinds of patterns to culture 1,000,000 mu of sea cucumbers, surplus pond culture sea cucumber in Shandong Province's has reached 20 ten thousand mu, its development speed is fast, and scale is big to be unprecedented.But sea cucumber is in pool cultivated process, and the excreta of sea cucumber is accumulation constantly in water, and organic loading is constantly increased, and dissolved oxygen reduces, hydrogen sulphide (H
2S), ammonia nitrogen (N-NH
3) increasing of waiting, cause that cultivate water is seriously polluted, disease frequently takes place, culture the deficiency that the sea cucumber lethality increases, if problems such as the interior chemical residual of the sea cucumber body that dependence chemosterilant and antibiotic medicine then cause exceeds standard have hindered the sound development of holothruian cultures industries.Empirical evidence according to present achievement and fishery developed country will realize the Effictive nuisancelless healthy aquaculture, must control from cultivation water environment, the disease control aspect starts with, and just can make the holothruian cultures industry step into the fast traffic lane of efficient healthy aquaculture as early as possible.Yet there are no biological bacteria was introduced the holothurian pond breed, holothurian pond was cultured the report that carries out ecology regulation and control by biological bacteria.
Summary of the invention
Cultivate water is seriously polluted in the prior art, disease frequently takes place in order to overcome, culture deficiencies such as chemical residual exceeds standard in sea cucumber lethality height, the sea cucumber body, and provide a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber, this ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber is a kind of holothruian cultures new model, not only aquaculture cost is low, economic benefit is high, be convenient to management, and optimized breeding water body, the incidence of disease and sea cucumber lethality obviously reduce.
The technical scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is: a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber, be characterized in: regularly as the pond, put biological bacteria between the mature stage in the holothurian pond breeding process, this bacterium bacterium liquid original content 50-70 hundred million cells/ml, this biological bacteria can be degraded fast, residual bait in absorption and the conversion holothruian cultures environment, organic pollutant such as ight soil and biological dead volume and nitrogen, sulphur etc., and can form the growth and breeding that dominant population effectively suppresses harmful microorganism and harmful algae, reduce ammonia nitrogen in the breeding environment, nitrous acid nitrogen, harmful substance contents such as hydrogen sulphide promote the sea cucumber growth.
Above-mentioned biological bacteria main component is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria.
Above-mentioned regularly throws in biological bacteria to the pond, can be per 15 days, throws in biological bacteria by the 2kg/ mu water surface to holothurian cultivation pond, bacterium liquid original content 6,000,000,000 cells/ml.
Above-mentioned regularly throws in biological bacteria to the pond, also can be that cultivating pool is thrown in biological bacteria after big flood tide changes water, evenly splashes in full pond, and the place that not smooth place of current and long-pending foul are many increases usage amount.
Compared with the prior art the present invention has following distinguishing feature and good effect: the present invention is by regularly using the method for biological bacteria, greatly reduce hydrogen sulphide in the water, ammonia nitrogen content, water environment significantly improves, and the incidence and the lethality of disease obviously reduce.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber, be to adopt the conventional method of holothurian culture method to carry out pond rich water clearly, set up block, put seedling then, form, between the holothurian pond mature stage, pressed per 15 days, the 2kg/ mu water surface is thrown in biological bacteria to holothurian cultivation pond, this biological bacteria is a kind of combined biological bacterium, and it mainly is made up of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria, bacterium liquid original content 6,000,000,000 cells/ml.Earlier with 50 times of stoste dilutions, adopt sebific duct to pass to that the method for uniform flow makes it even distribution at the bottom of the pond when using, use the back and do not change water in 3～5 days, play one's part to the full to guarantee compound biological bacterium.
Biological bacteria can be utilized the synthetic thalline material of the organic matter in the water environment, degraded fast, organic pollutant (residual bait in absorption and the conversion culture environment of aquatic products, ight soil and biological dead volume) and nitrogen, sulphur etc., and can form the growth and breeding that dominant population effectively suppresses harmful microorganism and harmful algae, thereby ammonia nitrogen in the reduction environment, nitrous acid nitrogen, harmful substance contents such as hydrogen sulphide, the purifying aquaculture water environment, utilize the harmful substance in the next quick degrading cultivation water of biological bacteria, suppress harmful algae, the breeding growth of fungi, eliminate growing of the pathogenic microorganisms factor, keep the water body microecological balance, to the dependence of chemosterilant and antibiotic medicine, started a kind of new model of ecological culture of sea cucumber in the alternative breeding process.
Embodiment 2
A kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber, be to adopt the conventional method of holothurian culture method to carry out pond rich water clearly, set up block, put seedling then, form, taking cultivating pool to throw in biological bacteria between the holothurian pond mature stage after big flood tide changes water, this biological bacteria is a kind of combined biological bacterium, it mainly is made up of photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria, bacterium liquid original content 6,500,000,000 cells/ml.Earlier with 50 times of stoste dilutions, adopt and directly splash or mix the full pond of mode that sand sheds and evenly splash when using, the not smooth place of current and the many places of long-pending foul then increase usage amount in the pond if culture.Do not change water in 3～5 days after biological bacteria is used, play one's part to the full to guarantee compound biological bacterium.
Below experimental technique and experimental result are elaborated.
The pond experimental technique:
The pond experiment is to carry out in the applicant's holothruian cultures field, and two close large-scale holothurian cultivation ponds of condition are chosen in the pond, and an area is 667 * 210m
2, be set at the pond No. 1; Another area is 667 * 200m
2, being set at the pond No. 2, the mean depth of water in two ponds is 2m.Wherein No. 1 pond is organized in contrast, refreshes the water periodically; Compound biological bacterium is regularly used as experimental group in No. 2 ponds.
The compound biological bacterium time of application is changed for the spring tide hole after the water, uses 4 times in every month, and each amount of application is compound biological bacterium liquid 2kg/1000m
3Earlier with 50 times of stoste dilutions, adopt the method for directly splashing to make it even distribution when using.Do not change water in 3～5 days after using, play one's part to the full to guarantee compound bacteria.
Experimental session, every month the spring tide hole phase to the plankton in each pond and bacterium sampling and measuring 1 time respectively, measure plankton quantity with the microorganism count plate, with the total number of bacteria in the dull and stereotyped tilt-pour process mensuration pond.Use the chemical measurements of water in each pond of water quality analysis-e/or determining every day.
The pond experimental result:
The variation of chemical measurements of water
Use No. 2 ponds of compound biological bacterium, compare, except that the salinity variation is not obvious with No. 1 pond of control group, dissolved oxygen changes between 6.27mg/L～6.86mg/L, the total ammonia nitrogen fluctuation is between 65.94 μ g/L～88.96 μ g/L, and the pH value is 7.98～8.08, all is lower than the contrast pond; And the transparency of experiment pool is 25.0cm～44.0cm, obviously greater than the contrast pond.The data of measuring see Table 1
The chemical measurements of water determination data table 1 in experiment pool and contrast pond
| Pond number | Time (month. day) | Dissolved oxygen (mg/L) | Salinity | Total ammonia nitrogen (μ g/L) | pH | Transparency (cm) |
| No. 1 (contrast) | 05.12 | 7.38 | 28.98 | 100.37 | 8.11 | 26.5 |
| 06.14 | 7.48 | 29.87 | 102.61 | 8.04 | 22.0 | |
| 07.28 | 7.25 | 29.70 | 114.06 | 8.18 | 19.0 | |
| 08.25 | 7.15 | 25.92 | 109.48 | 8.20 | 31.0 | |
| 09.10 | 7.90 | 25.38 | 91.15 | 8.03 | 32.5 | |
| No. 2 (experiment) | 05.12 | 6.37 | 28.96 | 88.96 | 8.08 | 34.0 |
| 06.14 | 6.86 | 30.18 | 74.41 | 8.07 | 28.5 | |
| 07.28 | 6.48 | 29.48 | 81.98 | 7.98 | 25.0 | |
| 08.25 | 6.27 | 25.98 | 77.40 | 8.05 | 42.0 | |
| 09.10 | 6.80 | 25.38 | 65.94 | 8.04 | 44.0 |
Can find out also that from table 1 experiment pool does not have difference substantially with salinity, the pH in contrast pond, illustrates that compound biological bacterium there is no obvious influence to salinity and acid-base value.
The variation of total number of bacteria
Find by the total number of bacteria in the cell water, in the experiment pool in total number of bacteria and the contrast pond total number of bacteria notable difference is arranged, the total number of bacteria of experiment pool for the 3-5 in contrast pond doubly.
The variation of plankton amount
Plankton quantity such as unit cell algae sum, copepoda sum and Polychaeta young sum in the main observation pond.Experimental result shows: No. 1 pond, No. 2 ponds and control group of using clean water composite bacteria is compared, and unit cell algae sum obviously increases, and the quantity of the copepoda and the Polychaeta young also increases to some extent, and the data of mensuration see Table 2.
The plankton quantitative determination in experiment pool and contrast pond is table 2 as a result
| The pond | Time (month. day) | Unit cell algae sum (unit: individual/m 3) | Copepoda sum (unit: individual/m 3) | Polychaeta young sum (unit: individual/m 3) |
| No. 1 (contrast) | 05.12 | 42840 | 76398 | 7140 |
| 06.14 | 2142 | 40698 | 5712 | |
| 07.28 | 7134 | 20706 | 3652 | |
| 08.25 | 18564 | 92106 | 2142 | |
| 09.10 | 33424 | ** | 22134 | |
| No. 2 (experiment) | 05.12 | 64260 | 84252 | 7854 |
| 06.14 | 2856 | 56406 | 6854 | |
| 07.28 | 9282 | 35700 | 4998 | |
| 08.25 | 33558 | 107100 | 4284 | |
| 09.10 | 49226 | ** | 29274 |
Annotate: * * amount number is more, and expression can't be counted
From experimental result, the dissolved oxygen content that adds the compound biological bacterium experiment pool is lower than the contrast pond, illustrates that compound biological bacterium has consumed to be partly dissolved oxygen.The compound biological bacterium main component that adopts because of the present invention is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria, with regard to its oxygen consumption situation, only has fraction to belong to facultative aerobe, and is very limited to the consumption of dissolved oxygen.And the dissolved oxygen content of experiment pool remains at more than the 6mg/L, is higher than the sea cucumber required lower limit that grows far away.Therefore, compound biological bacterium can not produce harmful effect to the growth of sea cucumber.
Total ammonia nitrogen content in the water body is meant in the water with NH
3And NH
4+The summation of the nitrogen that form exists, general hydrochemical analyse is measured the two is not distinguished.But NH
3And NH
4+Hydrobiological toxicity there are very big-difference, NH
4+Substantially nontoxic, and free NH
3Toxicity is very big, also can suppress hydrobiological growth even concentration is very low.In the present invention's experiment, the total ammonia nitrogen content of experiment pool is starkly lower than the total ammonia nitrogen content in contrast pond, illustrates that compound biological bacterium has good effect to the ammonia nitrogen that reduces in the water body.Nitrifying bacteria in the compound biological bacterium, nitrite bacteria play a major role to decomposing ammonia nitrogen, and photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, bacillus etc. then can be decomposed generation source---the various organic matters of ammonia nitrogen effectively.So, add compound biological bacterium to reducing the total ammonia nitrogen content in the water body, improve water quality, important effect is arranged.
In the experimental result, the transparency of experiment pool is obviously greater than the contrast pond, and this explanation compound biological bacterium has obvious effect to organic suspension thing content, raising water transparency in the reduction water body.
The unit cell algae is the primary productivity in the marine food chain, can provide food for the biology of upper level or more senior food chain, thus the secondary productivity of being converted to.In this experiment, obviously greater than the contrast pond, these unit cell algaes mostly are green alga, diatom to the unit cell amount of algae of experiment pool, are the good bait of many zooplanktons, so, use copepoda in the experiment pool of compound biological bacterium and Polychaeta young quantity also obviously more than the contrast pond.The copepoda and the Polychaeta young are one of main bait of sea cucumber, can promote growing of sea cucumber.
The present invention proves that compound biological bacterium also has many advantages, is mainly reflected in by experiment: (1) accelerates the organic decomposition such as residual bait, ight soil in the breeding water body, prevents that organic matter accumulation from increasing and cause water quality deterioration; (2) decomposition of the harmful toxic matters such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid nitrogen in the quickening breeding water body, the ecological environment of adjusting aquaculture organism; (3) use compound biological bacterium after, beneficial bacterium in the breeding water body can Fast-propagation, forms dominant microflora, thereby suppresses the breeding of harmful bacteria, reduces the generation of aquaculture organism disease; (4) use compound biological bacterium after, the amount reproduction of beneficial bacterium also can be stichopus japonicus high-quality bait is provided, because compound bacteria contains protein abundance, can promote stichopus japonicus growth, strengthen premunition; (5) compound biological bacterium can produce a very large impact the algae in the water body, makes useful algal bloom by modes such as the outer material of secretion born of the same parents, competition nutriments between the two, regulates water colour, and can suppress the breeding of harmful algae; (6) but use suspended material in the compound biological bacterium sedimentation water body, improve the transparency of water body, the acid-base value of stabilize water environment is improved water quality.
Claims (4)
1. ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber, it is characterized in that: regularly throw in biological bacteria between the mature stage in the holothurian pond breeding process to the pond, this bacterium bacterium liquid original content 50-70 hundred million cells/ml, organic pollutant and nitrogen, the sulphur etc. such as residual bait, ight soil and biological dead volume in the holothruian cultures environment can be degraded, absorb and be transformed to this biological bacteria fast, and can form the growth and breeding that dominant population effectively suppresses harmful microorganism and harmful algae, reduce harmful substance contents such as ammonia nitrogen, nitrous acid nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide in the breeding environment, promote the sea cucumber growth.
2. a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described biological bacteria main component is photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete, nitrifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria.
3. a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described regularly to pond input biological bacteria, be per 15 days, throw in biological bacteria by the 2kg/ mu water surface to holothurian cultivation pond, bacterium liquid original content is 6,000,000,000 cells/ml.
4. a kind of ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described regularly to pond input biological bacteria, being that cultivating pool is thrown in biological bacteria after big flood tide changes water, evenly splashes in full pond, and the place that not smooth place of current and long-pending foul are many increases usage amount.
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| CNA2006100693068A CN101151964A (en) | 2006-09-30 | 2006-09-30 | Ecological cultivation method of biological bacterium sea cucumber |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101912051A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-12-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Fermentation process of sea cucumber compound feed |
| CN102283328A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Multifunctional compound micro-ecological preparation for culturing holothurian |
| CN103098692A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method of artificially restraining cladophora disaster from being generated in sea cucumber aquaculture pool |
| CN103098733A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for prevention and treatment of production of holothurian aquaculture pond cladophora disasters through synergia of multiple living beings |
| CN103478044A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for culturing apostichopusjaponicus juveniles by Indian bacillus |
| CN104082217A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 陈水春 | Method for pond culture of Holothuria scabra Jaeger |
| CN104170782A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-03 | 山东华春渔业有限公司 | Sea cucumber spring and summer culture method |
| CN104585090A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋珍品有限公司 | Transformation method for bottom material of sea cucumber breeding cofferdam |
| CN105253998A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-20 | 天津振邦水产养殖有限公司 | Method for effectively reducing ammoniacal nitrogen in sea cucumber growing area |
| CN105613383A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-01 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Breeding method of purple apostichopus japonicus |
| CN111387101A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-10 | 广西中医药大学 | Cement pond ecological polyculture method for stichopus japonicus offspring seeds and sipunculus nudus |
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- 2006-09-30 CN CNA2006100693068A patent/CN101151964A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101912051A (en) * | 2010-07-13 | 2010-12-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Fermentation process of sea cucumber compound feed |
| CN102283328A (en) * | 2010-12-23 | 2011-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Multifunctional compound micro-ecological preparation for culturing holothurian |
| CN103098692A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method of artificially restraining cladophora disaster from being generated in sea cucumber aquaculture pool |
| CN103098733A (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2013-05-15 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for prevention and treatment of production of holothurian aquaculture pond cladophora disasters through synergia of multiple living beings |
| CN103098733B (en) * | 2013-02-06 | 2014-12-31 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for prevention and treatment of production of holothurian aquaculture pond cladophora disasters through synergia of multiple living beings |
| CN103478044A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-01 | 大连海洋大学 | Method for culturing apostichopusjaponicus juveniles by Indian bacillus |
| CN104082217B (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2016-04-06 | 陈水春 | A kind of method of BAISHASHEN pond culture |
| CN104082217A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-10-08 | 陈水春 | Method for pond culture of Holothuria scabra Jaeger |
| CN104170782A (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2014-12-03 | 山东华春渔业有限公司 | Sea cucumber spring and summer culture method |
| CN104170782B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-06-29 | 山东华春渔业有限公司 | Radix Morinae Bulleyanae spring and summer cultural method |
| CN104585090A (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2015-05-06 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋珍品有限公司 | Transformation method for bottom material of sea cucumber breeding cofferdam |
| CN104585090B (en) * | 2015-01-06 | 2018-10-09 | 大连鑫玉龙海洋生物种业科技股份有限公司 | A kind of remodeling method of holothruian cultures cofferdam substrate |
| CN105253998A (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2016-01-20 | 天津振邦水产养殖有限公司 | Method for effectively reducing ammoniacal nitrogen in sea cucumber growing area |
| CN105613383A (en) * | 2016-02-01 | 2016-06-01 | 山东省海洋生物研究院 | Breeding method of purple apostichopus japonicus |
| CN111387101A (en) * | 2020-03-27 | 2020-07-10 | 广西中医药大学 | Cement pond ecological polyculture method for stichopus japonicus offspring seeds and sipunculus nudus |
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