CN101126408A - Bolt - Google Patents
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- CN101126408A CN101126408A CNA2006101121757A CN200610112175A CN101126408A CN 101126408 A CN101126408 A CN 101126408A CN A2006101121757 A CNA2006101121757 A CN A2006101121757A CN 200610112175 A CN200610112175 A CN 200610112175A CN 101126408 A CN101126408 A CN 101126408A
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- bolt
- hole
- axle
- transparent body
- bolt according
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Abstract
The invention relates to a bolt, which includes a bolt cap and a threaded bolt rod, wherein, the end face of the bolt cap is provided with a hole which extends along the axial direction of the bolt, a shaft is arranged in the hole and a transparent body is sealed at the opening of the hole by the binding agent, the fixed end of the shaft is fixed at the bottom of the hole, the end of the free end of the shaft joints with the contacting surface of the transparent body; the outer surface of the shaft, the inner surface of the hole and the surface of the transparent body in the hole form a cavity, the cavity is filled with staining material. The invention of the bolt can obviously emit message, thus the working state of the bolt can be conveniently determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of threaded fastener, more particularly, relate to a kind of bolt.
Background technique
Scyewed joint is to utilize thread part to make coupled removable connection that constitutes one, mostly is standard piece, and scyewed joint has widely to be used, and threaded fastener commonly used has bolt, stud, screw etc., and wherein Bolt Connection is most widely used.When using Bolt Connection, need on coupled, not carry out screw thread processing, thus the restriction of coupled material do not had, simple structure, mounting or dismounting are convenient.
According to stressed difference, Bolt Connection is divided into the tension bolt connection and is cut Bolt Connection, and the stress difference of Bolt Connection, its failure mode are also different.Tension bolt is connected, and the damage of static load bolt mostly is the plastic deformation and the fracture of helical thread portion, and the damage of varying load bolt mostly is the fatigue fracture of tightening latch; For being cut Bolt Connection, its failure mode be bolt cut off or hole wall by conquassation etc.
In the practical application of Bolt Connection, the stress of different modes such as the bolt as fastening piece is sheared, stretched, bending, several stress all are applied on the bolt, and are long-time under the effect of various load, especially under the extra-heavy situation, bolt is easy to produce fracture.If in construction bolt, mounting torque is too little, makes pretightening force too small, thus be easy to generate loosening, if but moment of torsion is excessive even surpass specified value, will make pretightening force excessive, and screw thread is worked, and also causes fracture easily under extra-heavy condition.Certainly, the reason of bolt fracture also comprises other factors such as burn into material and heat treatment.
Make the material of bolt, generally comprise four-stage as the tensile stress strain curve of low carbon steel, i.e. resiliently deformable stage, surrender stage, strain and constriction stage.In tension test, begin to be the resiliently deformable stage most, this moment, Hooke's law was followed in the deformation of test specimen.When the test specimen internal stress reaches yield limit δ
sThe time, entering the surrender stage, this moment, material was temporarily lost the ability of resistance to deformation, even if pulling force is removed, test specimen can not return to original shape yet, thereby has bigger plastic deformation, does not therefore generally allow the working stress of part to be higher than its yield limit δ
sAlong with the increasing of test specimen internal stress, the test specimen internal stress enters strain, has recovered the ability of opposing deformation again at the strain test specimen.When pulling force continuation increase, the material internal stress reaches ultimate strength δ
bThe time, entering the constriction stage, test specimen generation this moment constriction also may rupture at any time.
In a few thing occasion,,, often cause great accident if fracture suddenly takes place bolt such as crane gear.Yet, also do not have effective technical and equipment to detect bolt at present and whether transship, and whether bolt will rupture.Therefore, in application of practical project, need a kind of bolt that can conveniently judge whether to be in normal working.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that can not make things convenient for the judgment task state of existing bolt, and a kind of bolt of the state of judgment task easily is provided.
Bolt provided by the invention comprises the nut part and has the screw portion of screw thread, wherein, the end face of nut part has the hole of extending along the axial direction of bolt, axle is arranged in the hole, the transparent body is connected the port in hole by adhesive seal, and the fixed end of axle is fixed to the bottom in hole, and between the free-ended end of axle and the transparent body fit in contacted surface, limit cavity between the outer surface of axle, the inner wall surface in hole and the surface of the transparent body in the hole, be filled with stain in the cavity.
According to bolt provided by the invention, when bolt is subjected to action of pulling stress, screw portion produces resiliently deformable, but the axle in center hole does not also stress, therefore axle can not produce any resiliently deformable, can produce relative displacement between the front end of this feasible axle and the transparent body that is mated, promptly axle can move to the direction away from the transparent body, stain can be invaded to the center of transparent body range of observation and be soaked like this, thereby provide bolt to be subjected to the information of action of pulling stress, especially enter surrender during the stage when bolt, the center of transparent body range of observation also is the color of stain, thereby this moment, the transparent body provided bolt to be in the information in surrender stage, and promptly Bolt Connection lost efficacy, and should give replacing.
Description of drawings
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail, to understand purpose of the present invention and feature better.
Fig. 1 is the sectional view of the bolt according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 be in the presentation graphs 1 according to the present invention the transparent body of bolt and the axle matching relationship partial enlarged drawing.
Embodiment
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, bolt 10 provided by the invention comprises nut part 100 and has the screw portion 101 of screw thread, wherein, the end face 103 of nut part 100 has the hole 1 of extending along the axial direction of bolt 10, axle 2 is arranged in the hole 1, the transparent body 3 is sealedly connected on the port in hole 1 by tackiness agent 9, the fixed end 22 of axle 2 is fixed to the bottom in hole 1, contacted surface is fitted to each other between the free end 21 of axle 2 and the transparent body 3, limit cavity 5 between the outer surface of axle 2, the inner wall surface in hole 1 and the surface of the transparent body 3 in hole 1, be filled with stain 4 in the cavity 5.Nut part 100 act as clamping bolt and location, the effect of screw portion 101 is tensile stress, the effects of shearing stress iso-stress of bearing, the screw thread of screw portion 101 is used for and elements such as corresponding nut and packing ring cooperate.Screw thread can be distributed on the partial-length or whole length of screw portion 101.
Material according to bolt of the present invention can be the material of existing bolt, as low carbon steel, alloyed steel.As seen from Figure 1, on the end face 103 of nut part 100 processing porose 1, extend along the axis of bolt 10.Hole 1 can be multiple shape, as square, circular, is preferably circular hole.
Described hole 1 can be in nut part 100 end face upper edge bolt axis to any position that can extend to screw portion 101 and not reduce bolt 10 mechanical strengths.Under the preferable case, the aperture in described hole 1 is positioned at the central position of nut part 100 end faces 103, and hole 1 is coaxial with bolt 10, and promptly hole 1 is a center hole.When hole 1 was center hole, when bolt 10 was subjected to action of pulling stress, the axle 2 that is in the central position can not be subjected to acting on the interference of the flexural stress on the bolt 10.
When bolt was subjected to action of pulling stress, the part of bearing tensile stress was mainly screw portion 101, so the deformation of bolt also mainly results from screw portion 101.In the present invention, hole 1 should extend to screw portion 101, and being positioned at this neutral position of two lateral extents, screw portion 101 mid-length positions at the bottom of the hole in described hole 1 is the scope of screw portion 101 length 1/4.
Preferably, the bottom, hole in hole 1 is in the middle part of screw portion.
Because bolt is a standard piece, consider that therefore the model of bolt and the diameter that operating mode is determined hole 1, hole 1 minimum must be suitable for carrying out common hole processing, maximum can not influence the mechanical strength of screw portion 101.The diameter of the straight diameter ratio shaft 2 in hole 1 is big slightly, to hold axle 2.
The fixed end 22 of axle 2 is fixed to the bottom in hole 1, thereby is connected to securely on the bolt 10, and axle 2 and bolt 10 are combined as a whole.Preferably, use tackiness agent axle 2 to be adhered at the bottom of the hole of center hole 1, described tackiness agent can be any tackiness agent, as epoxy resin.
As shown in Figure 2, the end face and the surface engagement of the transparent body 3 in hole 1 of the free end 21 of axle 2, generally speaking, the two surface of matching can be the various shapes that it is fitted each other, such as plane, sphere, consider to help distinguishing the situation that stain 4 enters the space between the matching surface, be convenient to the observer and observe, preferably select for use sphere to cooperate.One in these two matching surfaces is interior concave spherical surface 7, and another is an evagination sphere 8, and internal convex sphere 7 and outer concave spherical surface 8 are fitted mutually.For example, the end face of the free end 21 of axle 2 is interior concave spherical surface 7, and the surface of the transparent body 3 in hole 1 is evagination sphere 8 simultaneously.More preferably, the radius of curvature of interior concave spherical surface 7 is a bit larger tham the radius of curvature of evagination sphere 8.Avoid the two to fit afterwards like this because the effect of interfering produces the mole line to light.
According to the present invention, when bolt 10 was subjected to action of pulling stress, screw part branch produced deformation, thereby micro displacement is axially being arranged, and axle 2 does not stress, and itself is without any deformation, and therefore, axle 2 can move axially with bolt 10.See through the transparent body 3 and can observe the filling situation of stain 4 in cavity 5, determine the force information that is subjected to of current bolt.
The existence that interior concave spherical surface 7 on axle 2 free ends 21 end faces and the lip-deep evagination sphere 8 mutual applyings of the transparent body 3 in hole 1 do not have pretightening force simultaneously.Like this, can guarantee to reach surrender during the stage, have enough stains 4 to infiltrate in the space between the axle 2 and the transparent body 3 (space promptly between concave spherical surface 7 and the evagination sphere 8), show the current stressing conditions of bolt.Applying relation between interior concave spherical surface 7 and the evagination sphere 8 realizes by assembly relation and tolerance fit between the axle 2 and the transparent body 3.It is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art that applying in realizing between concave spherical surface 7 and the evagination sphere 8 is closed, and no longer is described in detail.
Under the preferable case, axle 2 is divided into two sections, one section the diameter that comprises free end 21 is greater than one section the diameter that comprises fixed end 22, comprise one section radius of free end 21 and comprise that the ratio between one section the radius of fixed end 22 is: 1.2-3, be preferably 2, correspondingly, hole 1 is preferably shoulder hole, with the axle that holds different-diameter 2 two sections.Like this, free end 21 has bigger end face, has bigger range of observation.Comprise a section of free end 21 and comprise that one section length ratio of fixed end 22 is arbitrarily,, preferably include a section of free end 21 and comprise that one section length ratio of fixed end 22 is 1/12-1/3, be preferably 1/6 for saving material.Transition between the axle two sections of 2 different-diameters can be a cone, also can be directly to be divided into different two sections of diameter, is preferably directly to be divided into different two sections of diameter, so that processing.
The transparent body 3 can be any material transparent, as glass or plexiglass.Can observe the filling situation of stain in the bolt by the transparent body 3, and then judge the residing state of bolt.
The transparent body 3 can be a different shape, preferably corresponding to hole 1 shape, more preferably is the disc of corresponding circular hole.
The transparent body 3 in the hole 1 being tightly connected of port can adopt various being tightly connected, as with adhesive seal, seal ring sealing.According to one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, between the port in hole 1 and the transparent body 3, comprise tackiness agent, tackiness agent is fixing with the transparent body 3, plays seal action simultaneously.
Between the inner wall surface of the outer surface of axle 2, center hole 1 and the surface of the transparent body 3 in hole 1, define cavity 5, be filled with stain 4 in the cavity 5.For the ease of the filling situation of observing stain 4 by the transparent body 3, under the preferable case, the end face of axle 2 free ends 21 has different colors with stain 4, preferably, and the end face of axle 2 free ends 21 and the color that stain 4 has sharp contrast.For example, be white with the end face of free end 21, the color of stain 4 be a redness simultaneously.Such color distinction can reach by the material and the stain of chosen axis 2, also can reach by the end face dyeing at axle 2 free ends 21.
Described stain 4 can be various stain solution, as solvent can be kerosene, water, ethanol, organic solvent etc., solute can be various mineral dye or natural dyes corresponding to different solvents, about stain solvent and solute is well known to those of ordinary skill in the art, does not repeat them here.For avoiding influencing implementation result of the present invention owing to the surface tension and the kinematical viscosity of stain 4, under the preferable case, the scope of stain kinematical viscosity in the time of 20 ℃ is 100 * 10
-6Square meter per second to 300 * 10
-6Square meter per second, stain 4 is preferably the fluorocarbon oil solution that is added with dyestuff, and fluorocarbon oil has the chemical stability and the thermostability of height, and heatproof reaches 250 ℃～360 ℃, also have low temperature flow, characteristics such as lubricity, incombustibility preferably, kinematic viscosity is 200 * 10 in the time of 20 ℃
-6Square meter per second, density is 1.92 * 10 25 ℃ the time
3Therefore kilograms per cubic meter selects fluorocarbon oil very desirable.
Use condition to early warning bolt of the present invention elaborates below.
In original state, promptly be not subjected under the state of action of pulling stress at bolt 10, evagination sphere 8 fits tightly with interior concave spherical surface 7.At this moment, the user through the transparent transparent body 3 observed situations is: the color of stain only is filled in the peripheral ring region of the transparent body 3 range of observation, and the center region is the color that free end 21 is painted.In other words, observe this moment outside, and what the user saw is: core is the color of free end 21, and peripheral circumferential partly is the color of stain.
When bolt 10 began to bear action of pulling stress, screw portion 101 was subjected to pulling force and produces elastic strain, but axle 2 and not stressing, thereby can not produce any elastic strain.Along with the increase of pulling force, the elastic strain of screw portion 101 is also increasing.1 bottom is bonded together by tackiness agent and bolt 10 because axle 2 fixed end 22 is in the hole, and be combined as a whole, thereby axle 2 can be along with the elastic strain of screw portion 101 have and move axially accordingly, promptly axle 2 have with respect to the transparent body 3 away from micro-displacement.The big or small degree of this displacement and the elastic strain degree of bolt 10 are corresponding, that is to say that the elastic strain of bolt 10 is big more, and this displacement is also big more, the applying degree of evagination sphere 8 and interior concave spherical surface 7 worse and worse, the space between the two is also increasing.Like this, cause the color gamut that is positioned at range of observation free end 21 slowly to diminish, and the color of stain 4 slowly become greatly, is slowly annexing the color of the free end 21 at center as the stain color of periphery.
When the tensile stress that acts on bolt of the present invention does not surpass the yield limit of bolt material, bolt 10 is in the elastic strain stage, Hooke's law is followed in the deformation of bolt 10, therefore, if pulling force is removed, bolt 10 can return to the shape under the original original state so, that is to say, applying degree between evagination sphere 8 and the interior concave spherical surface 7 returns to the degree under the original state, and the gap between the two is also returned to the situation under the original state.In early warning bolt according to the present invention, if pulling force continue to increase, when increasing to tensile stress and equaling the yield strength of bolt material, even if pulling force is removed, bolt 10 can not return to original shape yet.In other words, reach the yield limit of making bolt 10 materials if be subjected to the bolt 10 interior tensile stresss of tension, the applying degree between evagination sphere 8 and the interior concave spherical surface 7 can not return to the degree under the initial conditions so.At this moment, from visual observation to situation be: in the range of observation of the transparent body 3, all be the color of stain 4, and do not have in contrast the axle 2 free ends 21 color.Here it is warning message that early warning bolt according to the present invention makes illustrates that bolt 10 has reached yield limit, and this Bolt Connection lost efficacy, and ruptured at any time probably if continue bearing load.
According to safe early warning bolt of the present invention other necessary parts such as the nut that is mated of needs, packing ring also,, have only bolt can not realize its fastening effect because in actual applications.Known by those of ordinary skill in the art owing to these necessary parts and with the matching relationship of bolt, do not repeated them here.
Claims (13)
1. bolt, described bolt comprises nut part (100) and has the screw portion (101) of screw thread, it is characterized in that, the hole (1) of extending along the axial direction of bolt (10) is arranged on the end face (103) of nut part (100), axle (2) is arranged in the hole (1), the transparent body (3) is sealedly connected on the port of hole (1), the fixed end (22) of axle (2) is fixed to the bottom of hole (1), the end of the free end (21) of axle (2) contacts with the transparent body (3), the outer surface of axle (2), the inner wall surface in hole (1) and the transparent body (3) are positioned between the surface of hole (1) and limit cavity (5), are filled with stain (4) in the cavity (5).
2. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, described hole (1) is circular hole, and extends in screw portion (101) along the axial direction of described bolt (10).
3. bolt according to claim 2, wherein, the scope of the distance of position at the bottom of the hole of described hole (1) and screw portion (101) mid-length position is: zero to 1/4 of screw portion (101) length.
4. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, the port of described hole (1) is positioned at the center of the end face (103) of nut part (100).
5. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, the fixed end (22) of described axle (2) be positioned at bottom, hole (1) and by adhesive to the hole bottom of (1).
6. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, described axle (2) is divided into two sections with different-diameter, and the diameter that comprises (21) one sections of free ends is greater than the diameter that comprises (22) one sections of fixed ends.
7. bolt according to claim 6, wherein, the one section scope with one section the length ratio that comprises fixed end (22) that comprises free end (21) is: 1/12-1/3 comprises one section radius of free end (21) and comprises that the ratio range between one section the radius of fixed end (22) is: 1.2-3.
8. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, one in the end face of the free end (21) that axle (2) contacts with the transparent body (3) and the surface in hole (1) of the transparent body (3) is interior concave spherical surface (7), another is evagination sphere (8), and interior concave spherical surface (7) is fitted mutually with evagination sphere (8).
9. bolt according to claim 8, wherein, the radius of curvature of interior concave spherical surface (7) is greater than the radius of curvature of evagination sphere (8).
10. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, the transparent body (3) is by adhesive and sealing.
11. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, stain (4) is made for the solvent that is added with dyestuff, and the scope of kinematical viscosity is 100 * 10 during 20 ℃ of this solvents
-6Square meter per second to 300 * 10
-6Square meter per second.
12. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, axle (2) has the color different with the stain color with the end face of the free end (21) of the transparent body (3) contact.
13. bolt according to claim 1, wherein, the material of axle (2) is identical with the material of bolt (10).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101121757A CN101126408A (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2006-08-15 | Bolt |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101121757A CN101126408A (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2006-08-15 | Bolt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101126408A true CN101126408A (en) | 2008-02-20 |
Family
ID=39094513
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006101121757A Pending CN101126408A (en) | 2006-08-15 | 2006-08-15 | Bolt |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101126408A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104847764A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-19 | 哈尔芬有限公司 | Threaded fastener |
| CN108038327A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-15 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Strength values analogy method, device and the terminal device of bolt |
-
2006
- 2006-08-15 CN CNA2006101121757A patent/CN101126408A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104847764A (en) * | 2014-02-13 | 2015-08-19 | 哈尔芬有限公司 | Threaded fastener |
| CN108038327A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-05-15 | 中车唐山机车车辆有限公司 | Strength values analogy method, device and the terminal device of bolt |
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| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
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| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20080220 |