CN101123353B

CN101123353B - Solar photovoltaic controller

Info

Publication number: CN101123353B
Application number: CN2006100474323A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张铁岩; 鞠振河
Original assignee: NEW ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER OF SHENYANG INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Current assignee: NEW ENERGY RESEARCH CENTER OF SHENYANG INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Priority date: 2006-08-11
Filing date: 2006-08-11
Publication date: 2011-04-06
Anticipated expiration: 2026-08-11
Also published as: CN101123353A

Abstract

The invention discloses a solar power photovoltaic controller, which comprises a solar battery, a system power supply, a central integration processor, a light control voltage sampling circuit, a load switch circuit and a DC load. The solar battery provides energy source for the system power supply, and doubles as a light sensor for the system. The light control voltage sampling circuit feeds solar battery collection signal to the central integration processor to control the DC load by means of light. The invention is equipped with a protective circuit to prevent reverse charge, and a light control and sensitivity adjustment circuit. The protective circuit to prevent reverse charge charges the system power supply when exposed to light, and provides a high level sensing signal for the light control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through the light control voltage sampling circuit; and prevents the power system from reversely charging the solar battery when unexposed to light, and at the same time, provides low level sensing signal for the light control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through the light control sampling circuit. The system works reliably and stably; the range of adjustment of light control sensitivity and working hour ingress/exit point of loads is very wide; adjustment is convenient and quick.

Description

Solar photovoltaic controller

Technical field

The invention belongs to the device of solar generating field, relate in particular to a kind of photovoltaic effect of utilizing system to carry solar cell itself, realize the solar photovoltaic controller of control load on/off with the variation of luminous intensity automatically.

Background technology

Solar energy is as a kind of new energy form, have unlimitedness and do not have characteristics such as region application limitations, can with the conventional electric power system matches, become that the each department exploitation is pollution-free, the first-selection of sustainable development novel energy.

China also has a lot of areas to be in power shortage state, and these areas are far away apart from electrical network, use electrodispersion, and the difficulty of generating electricity by way of merging two or more grid systems is very big, and particularly in tourism, outlying district, life electric consumption on lighting is difficulty more.And utilize solar energy generation technology to address this problem to be considered to a kind of selection scheme of the best.At present, existing a lot of solar chargers on the market, but the control device of solar charger generally all adopts the common simulation device, judge simply that with comparator cell voltage is controlled overcharging of storage battery and mistake is put, and seldom useful temperature-compensation circuit control, reduce the performance of solar power system thus, can not satisfy the demand in market.

In photovoltaic generating system, lead acid accumulator and charge controller all are one of important components in the solar energy independent photovoltaic system.Storage battery can be stored instability, the discontinuous electric energy that solar cell sends, and guarantees that photovoltaic system has stable output.And the quality of charge controller not only determines the useful life of storage battery, but also directly influences the electric power output of photovoltaic system.

Here what deserves to be mentioned is that the intelligent degree of known mini system solar charging controller is lower, carrying load ability is poor.Light control functionality need increase additionally in control system that a photodiode (photo resistance) realizes, and photodiode serious non-linear and be subjected to the unsteadiness of such environmental effects performance, particularly because the very little sensitive surface of photodiode, be subjected to the influence of factors such as dust covering more serious, cause the functional reliability of controller low.Light-operated sensitivity be difficult to realize adjustability with light-operated operating value.Control system does not have effectively to utilize simultaneously has sensitivity, stopping reaction, has enough solar cells of big light contact-making surface light, and the solar cell of high-tech product can only play the effect of charging in system, inoperative to light-operated circuit.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is intended to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art part and provides a kind of system not to be subjected to the environmental factor variable effect, reliable and stable work, the adjusting range of light-operated sensitivity and loaded work piece time incision/exit point is wide, set-up procedure is convenient and swift, the power supply scope of application is big, the solar photovoltaic controller that system's oneself power consumption is low.

For achieving the above object, the present invention is achieved in that

A kind of solar photovoltaic controller, it comprises: protective circuit, light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit and control voltage-regulating circuit are filled in solar cell, system power supply, central integrated processor, light-operated voltage sample circuit, load switching circuit, DC load, counnter attack; Described solar cell provides energy double as system light control sensor for system power supply; Described light-operated voltage sample circuit is sent the solar cell acquired signal into central integrated processor, realizes light-operated to DC load through load switching circuit; When meeting illumination on the way, described anti-reverse charge charges to system power supply, simultaneously provide the high level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor send the control signal switching off load, stop system power supply to the solar cell reverse charge during unglazed the photograph, simultaneously provide the low level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor trigger load switching circuit, connect load; Described central integrated processor is 555 integrated circuits; Described system power supply provides control voltage through the control voltage-regulating circuit for central integrated processor; Described load switching circuit also is furnished with the load switching circuit protective circuit; Described load switching circuit protective circuit adopts voltage stabilizing didoe and protection diode; Described counnter attack is filled protective circuit and is comprised blocking diode; Described load switching circuit comprises the cmos switch pipe; Described light-operated voltage sample circuit comprises adjustable resistance; The voltage controling end of described 555 integrated circuits is provided with voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance series circuit; Utilize described adjustable resistance and the voltage-stabiliser tube of 555 integrated circuit voltage controling ends and the adjustment that the resistance series circuit parameter adjustment realizes light-operated sensitivity and loaded work piece time cutting point and exit point in the divider resistance loop of light-operated voltage sample circuit.

Because system core parts have adopted CMOS type 555 integrated circuits, the oneself power consumption of controller is reduced, can directly drive a certain amount of LED luminous element.System also can utilize 555 integrated circuits directly to drive the cmos switch pipe of single or two-tube parallel connection, thereby strengthens the carrying load ability of control system easily.Adopt solar cell to make control system not be subjected to the influence of environmental condition, improved the sensitivity and the reliability of controller as the light-sensitive element of transducer.Utilize adjustable resistance R4 to realize the controllability of light-operated sensitivity easily.The solar cell of employing system itself and an integrated circuit have been realized the automatic light-operated of system.Utilize the voltage stabilizing and the resistance series circuit parameter adjustment of the control voltage of adjustable resistance in the voltage sampling divider resistance circuit of native system and 555 integrated circuits all can change light-operated operation voltage value easily, to satisfy the work incision and the disengaging time of different occasion loads.

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.Protection scope of the present invention not only is confined to following statement.

Fig. 1 is a system principle diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the system principle diagram of another embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a systematic schematic diagram of the present invention.

Embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, 2, solar photovoltaic controller comprises: solar cell, system power supply, central integrated processor, light-operated voltage sample circuit, load switching circuit, DC load; Described solar cell provides energy double as system light control sensor for system power supply; Described light-operated voltage sample circuit is sent the solar cell acquired signal into central integrated processor, realizes light-operated to DC load through load switching circuit.The present invention also is furnished with counnter attack and fills protective circuit, light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit on the basis of foregoing circuit structure; When meeting illumination on the way, described anti-reverse charge charges to system power supply, simultaneously provide the high level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor send the control signal switching off load, stop power-supply system to the solar cell reverse charge during unglazed the photograph, simultaneously provide the low level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor trigger load switching circuit, open load.The present invention also can be furnished with the control voltage-regulating circuit; Described system power supply provides control voltage through the control voltage-regulating circuit for central integrated processor.Above-mentioned load switching circuit also is furnished with the load switching circuit protective circuit.Described load switching circuit protective circuit adopts voltage stabilizing didoe 12 and protection diode 13.Central integrated processor of the present invention adopts 555 integrated circuits.Described counnter attack is filled protective circuit and is comprised Schottky blocking diode 5.Described load switching circuit comprises the cmos switch pipe.Described control voltage-regulating circuit comprises voltage stabilizing didoe 10 and resistance 11.

The present invention is directed to the problems such as photodiode that exist in the existing system, developed and utilized the system solar cell to replace photo resistance to do photosensitive sensor, realized the light control functionality of system in conjunction with one 555 integrated circuit.The operating state that the present invention utilizes the photovoltaic effect of solar cell intrinsic in the system own to come control load.Make control system not be subjected to environmental factor variable effect, reliable and stable work.Utilize adjustable resistance and the voltage-stabiliser tube of 555 integrated circuit voltage controling ends and the adjustment that the resistance series circuit parameter adjustment realizes light-operated sensitivity and loaded work piece time cutting point and exit point in the voltage sampling divider resistance loop, adjusting range is wide, and is convenient and swift.Adopt its supply voltage scope of application of CMOS type 555 integrated circuits wide can with the shared power supply of other circuit elements.The CMOS integrated circuit adopts field effect transistor, and all is complementary structure, and the field effect transistor of two series connection always is in the conducting of a pipe during work, the state that another pipe ends, and the circuit quiescent dissipation is zero in theory.In fact, owing to there is leakage current, cmos circuit still has micro-quiescent dissipation.The power consumption representative value of single gate circuit only is 20mW, and dynamic power consumption (when the 1MHz operating frequency) also only is several mW.Make control system reliable and stable, simplified circuit element.Reduced the oneself power consumption of system.

As shown in Figure 3, solar module 1, blocking diode 5 and storage battery 2 constitute a loop of charging and preventing storage battery reverse charge closure night.Wherein voltage stabilizing didoe 3, adjustable resistance 16 and resistance 4 series connection realize the sampling to solar array voltage.Adjustable resistance 16 adjustable ends and 555 the be connected sampling that realizes control signal and adjustment functions of light-operated sensitivity of the triggering pin two of integrators regularly.555 integrated circuit discharge ends 7, electric capacity 9, resistance 6, adjustable resistance 16 and resistance 4 constitute the capacitance-resistance discharge loop.Cmos switch pipe 14 control ends link to each other with 555 ic outputs 3, and the output of cmos switch pipe is connected with load.Voltage stabilizing didoe 12 is in parallel with CMOS tube grid and drain electrode.The pin one of 555 integrated circuits 8 is an earth terminal.Voltage stabilizing didoe 10 constitutes series circuit with resistance 11 provides control voltage for 555 integrated circuits control voltage end pin 5, by changing the size that voltage-stabiliser tube 12 voltage stabilizing values can change the trigger voltage up and down of 555 integrated circuits.Pin 8 is that power end links to each other with the positive pole of storage battery.555 pins 4 are reset terminal.555 pins 6 that do not have to use are the threshold voltage end.

Solar module 1 charged to storage battery 2 through blocking diode 5 when illumination was arranged, voltage stabilizing didoe 3 makes the pin two of 555 integrated circuits 8 and pin 6 be high level with the branch pressure voltage of resistance 4 and adjustable resistance 16, and the output pin 3 of 555 integrated circuits is low level.Diode 13 and CMOS pipe 14 not conductings this moment, no supply power voltage, load 15 is not worked.When natural daylight weakens, the voltage of solar module 1 descends thereupon, when reducing to the terminal voltage of storage battery 2, blocking diode 5 ends, blocking diode 5 also has the storage battery of preventing night or overcast and rainy to solar cell reverse charge function, and simultaneously electric capacity 9 is by resistance 6, adjustable resistance 16 and resistance 4 discharges, when the voltage on the electric capacity 9 reduce to 555 ic power voltage VDD 1/3 after, 555 are set, and pin 3 goes to high level.Because 555 integrated circuit carrying load abilities can directly trigger driving CMOS by force and manage 14 conductings, and the operating voltage that approximates storage battery 2 is provided for DC load 15.Wherein 12 of voltage stabilizing didoes are protected CMOS tube grid, not breakdown effect.Utilize adjustable resistance 16 sliding ends to realize the adjustment of light-operated sensitivity.Utilize the voltage-stabiliser tube 10 and the change of resistance 11 series circuit parameters also can change light-operated operation voltage value.The CMOS pipe can adopt two-tube parallel connection further to improve carrying load ability.The fail safe that diode 13 is done for protection diode protection cmos switch plumber.

1, light-operated voltage sample circuit: the magnitude of voltage that provides suitable voltage range to be directly proportional (just being directly proportional) simultaneously again with photocell voltage for light-operated control system with luminous intensity.Realize the limited sensing sampling of the signal voltage of light control functionality, satisfy 555 integrated circuit job requirements.

2, light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit: be for 555 integrated circuits provide an operation voltage and discharge time adjustable stable discharging circuit.Realize light control functionality antijamming capability and light-operated sensitivity adjustment.

3,555 integrated circuits: being the core component of photovoltaic controller, is to realize various controlled function command centre by summary information.The present invention has adopted a kind of CMOS type 555 integrated circuits, low in energy consumption, carrying load ability is strong, and trigger voltage adjustability, light-operated control voltage sensibility adjustability and two kinds of functions are united the adjustment function, has greatly improved the operation flexibility of this control system and to the adaptability of different operating condition.Certainly, according to the working control needs, the present invention also can select other core control element.

4, load switching circuit: adopt the switching tube of CMOS type, make control load realize the soft switching function that low-power consumption is quick.And can adopt single tube, the two-tube or sub-parallel operation of multitube more as required.The control load ability has been strengthened.

5, DC load: adopt novel illumination light fixture safely and efficiently.Can adopt the DC power saving lamp, energy-efficient solid direct current lamp and LED direct current lamp.

6, system power supply: for load provides galvanic current power, got up solar cell daytime by the electrical power storage of conversion of solar energy, automatic supply load illumination in evening.Again as the working power of photovoltaic control system.

Claims

1. solar photovoltaic controller, it is characterized in that, comprising: protective circuit, light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit and control voltage-regulating circuit are filled in solar cell, system power supply, central integrated processor, light-operated voltage sample circuit, load switching circuit, DC load, counnter attack;

Described solar cell provides energy double as system light control sensor for system power supply;

Described light-operated voltage sample circuit is sent the solar cell acquired signal into central integrated processor, realizes light-operated to DC load through load switching circuit;

When meeting illumination on the way, described anti-reverse charge charges to system power supply, simultaneously provide the high level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor send the control signal switching off load, stop system power supply to the solar cell reverse charge during unglazed the photograph, simultaneously provide the low level transducing signal to light-operated control and sensitivity adjustment circuit through light-operated voltage sample circuit, make central integrated processor trigger load switching circuit, connect load;

Described central integrated processor is 555 integrated circuits; Described system power supply provides control voltage through the control voltage-regulating circuit for central integrated processor;

Described load switching circuit also is furnished with the load switching circuit protective circuit; Described load switching circuit protective circuit adopts voltage stabilizing didoe (12) and protection diode (13);

Described counnter attack is filled protective circuit and is comprised blocking diode (5);

Described load switching circuit comprises the cmos switch pipe; Described light-operated voltage sample circuit comprises adjustable resistance (16);

The voltage controling end of described 555 integrated circuits is provided with voltage-stabiliser tube and resistance series circuit; Utilize described adjustable resistance and the voltage-stabiliser tube of 555 integrated circuit voltage controling ends and the adjustment that the resistance series circuit parameter adjustment realizes light-operated sensitivity and loaded work piece time cutting point and exit point in the divider resistance loop of light-operated voltage sample circuit.