CN101118005B - Basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear - Google Patents

Basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear Download PDF

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CN101118005B
CN101118005B CN2007101521557A CN200710152155A CN101118005B CN 101118005 B CN101118005 B CN 101118005B CN 2007101521557 A CN2007101521557 A CN 2007101521557A CN 200710152155 A CN200710152155 A CN 200710152155A CN 101118005 B CN101118005 B CN 101118005B
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ring
chimeric
tooth
chimeric mechanism
attached
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CN101118005A (en
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洪涛
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a basic jaw type self-locking differential, which has the characteristics of no collision, high reliability, and long service life. The present invention is characterized in that a force transmission tooth and separating teeth and an accessory blocking tooth which are positioned on driven rings are connected as a whole; a self-limiting type blocking embedding mechanism is embedded by two embedding mechanisms of a force transmission embedding mechanism and a separation embedding mechanism under the differential condition, and axially positioned in the two mechanisms and radially positioned in the two mechanisms, between the two mechanisms or outside the two mechanisms, a lift angle of both sides blocking the working surface is formed to enough ensure the friction self-locking collided on the both sides and the stability of the blocking operating condition, in order that the lift angle has the capabilities that the adaptive axle base changes and the abrasion is automatically compensated, and the slipping mode of no collision is unvaryingly maintained between the separating teeth in the operating condition, two processes of the self-separating block process and the embedding return process are absolutely reliable, and has no relation to the stability of the spring parameter compacted by the driven rings, hence the problem that the driven rings on the both sides are synchronously separated is not a problem any longer. The processing of the differential is obviously improved, the difficulty of the assembly is largely reduced, and the performance, the service life, and the interchangeability, etc. are remarkably improved.

Description

Basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mechanical speed difference transmission device, particularly but not only relate to the jaw self-locking differential mechanism that a kind of wheeled vehicle uses, belong to mechanical transmission fields.
Technical background
The jaw self-locking differential mechanism from nineteen thirty for invention since, through the updating of people, possessed good usability, and become a kind of principal mode of differential gear with self-locking device.As shown in Figure 1, its chief component is: active ring, center ring, driven torus, catch ring, spring, spring seat, splined hub, snap ring.Center ring is embedded in and initiatively encircles in the endoporus and by the snap ring axial restraint, spring is installed between driven torus and the spring seat, and splined hub and driven torus endoporus are circumferentially fixing, are formed with the characteristic surface that transmitting torque is used on it.Initiatively respectively there are four chimeric mechanisms at the axial two ends of ring: by initiatively encircling the chimeric mechanism of power transmission that constitutes with driven torus, separate chimeric mechanism by what center ring and driven eseparation ring constituted, stop chimeric mechanism by what opening catch ring and attached catch ring constituted, and the spacing chimeric mechanism that constitutes by catch ring and attached limited ring.Axially, separate chimeric mechanism, the chimeric mechanism of power transmission and stop that the chimeric three of mechanism fixes separated in synchronization or chimeric; The footpath is upwards separated chimeric mechanism and is positioned within the chimeric mechanism of power transmission, stops chimeric mechanism between this two chimeric mechanism, and the spacing chimeric mechanism of radial mode is at catch ring and initiatively between the ring.Wherein, driven eseparation ring and driven torus are made one, attached catch ring and center ring are made one, the attached limited ring of a radial teeth is only arranged and initiatively encircle the rigidity one, this radial teeth and one initiatively encircle the power transmission tooth and are merged into a lengthening power transmission tooth, are embedded in the circumferential recess of catch ring or between the open section 174.The opening catch ring of the shaft shoulder is axially fixed in the annular ditch groove on the driven torus fitting end face in the band, constitutes circumferential sliding friction pair with the respective surfaces of this groove.In the work, catch ring initiatively enters or withdraws from the mode of spiral motion and stops working state.The driving force of its rotation is the frictional force that acts on its inner ring surface and the slip end face, and the resistance of its rotation is the frictional force that acts on its Topland, and its axially movable driving force is to act on frictional force on its inner ring surface and the pressure on the shaft shoulder.In the differential mechanism Life cycle, along with the increase of wearing and tearing, the increase of rubbing surface smoothness, the variation of catch ring radial elastic power, the variation of operating temperature and driven torus holddown spring changes of properties, change in various degree all can take place in above-mentioned all frictional force.Therefore, stop that all there is the inefficacy chance in chimeric mechanism in theory with in the reality.
(p261～p282) book has been described in detail its working principle, structure and characteristics in " the automotive axle design " that Mr. Liu Weixin that publishing house of Tsing-Hua University publishes in April, 2004 writes.U.S. traction technique company nineteen ninety for the structure of having improved above-mentioned catch ring, developed novel jaw self-locking differential mechanism (" engineering machinery ", 1999 11 phases, p6～p7), the blocking teeth profile of tooth of catch ring and attached catch ring and the number of teeth all no longer are equal to the tooth that separates of center ring or driven torus, thereby improved the reliability that catch ring resets, reduced the difficulty of processing of catch ring and driven torus.
Yet, above-mentioned improvement does not change the circumferential spacing pattern of catch ring, still followed and irrational traditional spacing pattern of radial peg slot type of initiatively encircling that attached catch ring is attached to singlely, any change does not take place in single catch ring layout type and single trip ring structural type, and relevant issues such as usability that many layouts therewith or structure are relevant and manufacturing process do not get a promotion or solve.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of existing circumferential spacing pattern of catch ring of being different from, the basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear that the while catch ring has multiple layout type or structure again, they all make it have more reasonable simpler structure and assembly technology to some extent, stronger wear-resistant ability, stable, excellent more service behaviour and reliability, the characteristics of longer life-span and cheaper manufacture cost.And become its special case from the jaw self-locking differential mechanism that broadly makes prior art.
Elder generation is as follows to relevant noun or conceptual illustration before recording and narrating technological scheme:
Owner's ring: by the revolving member that attached catch ring or attached limited ring depended on.
Reference rings: under the chimeric working state, as the revolving member of the static relatively reference object of catch ring; It is axially gone up the end face of directly facing catch ring and is called as datum end face, and the footpath upwards directly is called as the basic circle cylinder in the face of the cylndrical surface of catch ring.
Stop working surface: after stopping chimeric mechanism axial separation, form the Topland part that is used between ring gear both sides' the radial teeth of this mechanism carrying out to top contact, its lift angle is represented with λ.
Stop operating mode: composition both sides' the blocking teeth that stops chimeric mechanism stops other the chimeric working condition of axial chimeric mechanism that is located axially at outside it mutually to top contact.
δ angle and ρ angle: stop in the operating mode, catch ring forms sliding friction pair by the datum end face or the basic circle cylinder of its slip end face or cylndrical surface and reference rings on the one hand, stopping stopping that working surface axially contacts and forming the static friction pair of working surface and attached blocking teeth by its blocking teeth on the other hand, when only depending on this static friction pair to limit the circumferential position of the attached relatively catch ring of catch ring, this static friction pair must be self-locking, wherein, the minimum lift angle that stops working surface that can guarantee the secondary self-locking of this static friction just is defined as δ, and maximum lift angle just is defined as ρ.
Spacing working surface: the circumferential relative position of catch ring is given and the surface of limiting.To controlling chimeric mechanism, when λ＜δ, because of between both sides' blocking teeth can not self-locking to top contact, so having only the side of blocking teeth and the side of blocking teeth tooth top middle part spacing preiection is spacing working surface; When δ≤λ≤ρ, because of between both sides' blocking teeth can reliable self-locking to top contact, so, all sides of blocking teeth and stop that working surface all is spacing working surface.
The chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth: axial chimeric mechanism is complete when chimeric, by the highest tooth end of the chimeric tooth of a side to the axial distance the highest tooth end of the chimeric tooth of the opposing party.
Minimum barrier height: stop that operating mode (that is, stable chimeric status) carries out the transition to and stop operating mode by non-, stop chimeric mechanism the minimum axial direction distance that must separate.
The maximum spacing chimeric degree of depth: guarantee that the circumferential effect of contraction of spacing chimeric mechanism is existed, and stops the ultimate range that chimeric mechanism shaft upwards can be separated.Follow when stopping that chimeric mechanism moves together on the composition both sides of spacing chimeric mechanism are axial, this degree of depth is under the complete chimeric status, the axial distance between the peak in the coboundary of chimeric both sides' spacing working surface; Do not follow on the composition both sides of spacing chimeric mechanism are axial when stopping that chimeric mechanism moves together, this degree of depth is infinitely great.
The inlet nargin K that stops chimeric mechanism: when the influence of not considering other chimeric mechanism and catch ring are circumferentially free, on minimum barrier height, form and stop that the ring gear both sides of chimeric mechanism are not influencing the largest circumference angle that this mechanism shaft can stagger each other continuously under chimeric prerequisite.In castellated differential mechanism, K must satisfy following inequality: K＞θ c+ θ f+ γ+η (the end face tooth rim is when uniform), relevant parameter is defined as follows:
θ c: center ring separates the pairing circumference angle of tooth Topland;
θ f: driven eseparation ring separates the pairing circumference angle of tooth Topland;
γ: separate chimeric mechanism and carry out the transition to chimeric status and separate, smallest circle round angle in relative rotation between its affiliated two ring gears to the threshold state of top state between the two by chimeric status;
η: the process corrections amount, that is, shrink, separate circular gap and the power transmission and the unequal reduction value of bringing of the chimeric degree of depth of the full-depth tooth of separating two chimeric mechanisms of chimeric mechanism because of lead angle, power transmission tooth tooth root.
Among the present invention, when the composition both sides of a chimeric mechanism are the axially support foundation with the composition both sides of another chimeric mechanism respectively, just claim last chimeric mechanism to be located axially within the one chimeric mechanism of back, otherwise outside being.In addition, alleged " catch ring " of the present invention is the abbreviation of independent catch ring.
Reaching the design of the object of the invention basic fundamental is: make the circumferential relation that stops chimeric mechanism and spacing chimeric mechanism be completely fixed by the mode that forms as one or circumferentially fix.Concrete technological scheme is as follows:
A kind of basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear, comprise initiatively ring, center ring, driven torus, catch ring, spring, spring seat, splined hub, snap ring, attached catch ring and attached limited ring, attached catch ring and attached limited ring and owner's annular separately become one, center ring is embedded in and initiatively encircles in the endoporus and by the snap ring axial restraint, spring is installed between driven torus and the spring seat, and splined hub and driven torus are circumferentially fixing; The axial two ends of active ring all are furnished with: by initiatively encircling and the axial chimeric mechanism of the chimeric power transmission that forms of driven torus; By center ring and driven eseparation ring axially chimeric form separate chimeric mechanism, axially go up the footpath and upwards all be positioned within the chimeric mechanism of power transmission, its driven eseparation ring and driven torus form as one; And stop the chimeric mechanism of separation surmount under the separated state chimeric stop chimeric mechanism, by axial chimeric the forming of catch ring and attached catch ring, all be formed with the blocking teeth that possesses axial barrier functionality on these two rings; The described minimum barrier height that stops chimeric mechanism is greater than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, less than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of the chimeric mechanism of described separation; It is characterized in that: also be furnished with the described circumferential relative position of catch ring in the chimeric mechanism that stops is implemented the spacing chimeric mechanism of restriction, forms, and attached limited ring and attached catch ring are circumferentially fixed by catch ring and attached limited ring; The described axial separation distance that stops chimeric mechanism is during greater than minimum barrier height, the circumferential degrees of freedom X of described spacing chimeric mechanism, and greater than the described inlet nargin K that stops chimeric mechanism, that is, and X＞K.
Above-mentionedly stop chimeric mechanism, be located axially within the chimeric mechanism of described separation or within the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, radially go up the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission and the chimeric mechanism of described separation within the two, between or outside; Described catch ring is subjected to the unidirectional support of reference rings datum end face, and its slip end face and this datum end face formation circumferentially are free to slide friction pair; The owner of described attached catch ring ring is an any one party member of forming chimeric mechanism of described separation or the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, described reference rings be in the chimeric mechanism of described separation or in the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission with owner's annulate shaft of described attached catch ring to relative the opposing party's member.
As a kind of circumferentially fixing radially spacing pattern, catch ring can be installed in the end face circular groove of center ring, be reference rings with the center ring, and attached limited ring is attached on the splined hub, directly in the face of the catch ring inner hole surface, again with the radially chimeric arrangement of mechanism of cotter way formula between this two ring.
And stop with spacing optimal case and be, the working surface that stops of blocking teeth and attached the two tooth top of blocking teeth is the helicoid that lift angle is not more than ρ, and the middle part of a Topland is formed with spacing preiection at least therein, objectively plays to make blocking teeth serve as the effect that limiting tooth, attached blocking teeth serve as attached limiting tooth.Simultaneously, make attached limited ring and attached catch ring form same ring, make spacing chimeric mechanism overlap into a chimeric mechanism of control with stopping chimeric mechanism, thereby final realize stopping that chimeric mechanism can stepless variation and adaptive purpose from spacing and axial barrier height, simultaneously, must guarantee the maximum spacing chimeric degree of depth of spacing chimeric mechanism, greater than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of separating chimeric mechanism.
More quickly and easily, preferably will control the side of spacing preiection in the chimeric mechanism and make the helicoid that lift angle is β, | δ |≤β＜180 °.
In addition, when driven torus separates tooth and driven torus power transmission tooth direct neighbor, when perhaps driven torus separates tooth and is linked to be the attached blocking teeth direct neighbor of one radially with driven torus power transmission tooth, driven torus separates tooth and above-mentioned direct neighbor tooth is linked to be complete one diametrically with such effect, promptly, at the radially extended surface with driven torus power transmission tooth teeth groove contoured surface is that the circumferential degrees of freedom of the chimeric mechanism of described separation remained unchanged after the boundary machined away the part denticle of driven torus separation tooth; Equally, end face tooth on owner's ring of attached blocking teeth and attached catch ring or be linked to be radially other end face tooth of one with this end face tooth, radially extended surface with the teeth groove contoured surface of the end face tooth on described owner's ring is the form that the boundary machines away the part denticle of attached blocking teeth, is linked to be one completely diametrically; End face tooth on described owner's ring is initiatively to encircle power transmission tooth, driven torus power transmission tooth or center ring to separate tooth.
For reaching above-mentioned effect, keeping separating under the constant prerequisite of the circumferential degrees of freedom of chimeric mechanism the transverse tooth thickness that the transverse tooth thickness of driven torus separation tooth can be separated tooth less than center ring.
Stop that for making chimeric mechanism works perfectly and reliable, preferably catch ring is imposed constraint, to force on its corresponding reference level that in chimeric status, is still in reference rings relatively.
For optimal design provides more more options, the end face radial teeth on the catch ring can be formed on the interior or external cylindrical surface of catch ring ring-type matrix.
In addition, for promoting the differential mechanism Performance And Reliability, in the center ring removal hole on active ring or center ring, be equipped with by radially spacing position-limitting pin, the head of this position-limitting pin radially embeds center ring or initiatively encircles in the groove of going up on the corresponding circle cylinder, be positioned at the breach of described snap ring circumferentially, constitute the center ring position-limit mechanism that the circumferential relative position between active ring and the center ring is limited, the circumferential degrees of freedom of this mechanism is not less than the circumferential degrees of freedom of the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission.
As simplify using, driven torus and splined hub can be made the rigidity one, but and the characteristic surface of formation transmitting torque within it or on the external cylindrical surface.
In the present invention, attached limited ring as spacing chimeric mechanism core component, its owner encircles no longer to be limited to and initiatively encircles one, can also be splined hub, driven torus or center ring, simultaneously, it is a kind of that the spacing pattern of catch ring also no longer is limited to the radial peg slot type, can also be the inserted type between the blocking teeth or the friction self-locking blocked of gear tip clearance, also realized spacing chimeric mechanism in addition and stopped the circumferentially fixing of chimeric mechanism.And the mounting point of catch ring has also spread all over initiatively six positions of all between ring, center ring, the driven torus three, and catch ring can be the unbroken loop that need not opening more, thereby has realized purpose of the present invention.Promptly, when attached limited ring and attached catch ring form as one, but utilization stops the working surface that stops of the spacing preiection at tooth top middle part or self-locking, at attached limited ring and attached catch ring only circumferentially fixedly the time, utilize the spacing working surface that forms separately on the catch ring, just utilize chimeric mechanism of control and the independent spacing chimeric mechanism of radial mode cotter way formula respectively, or fully utilized, all be maintained well and stopped and stop chimeric in-house circumferential relative position under the operating mode, reach the relation of stopping that is maintained well, stoped the chimeric purpose that resets and eliminate collision of the chimeric mechanism of separation that surmounts in the state; Realized stopping the purpose that stops the circumferential relative position of catch ring in the chimeric mechanism under the operating mode with different mode and different layout type restrictions.All schemes have all directly reduced difficulty of processing, the assembling difficulty of whole differential mechanism, have improved reliability.
In addition, for the technological scheme that stops working surface with friction self-locking function, also have better effect: the one, stop that chimeric mechanism has desirable barrier properties, its separation stops with chimeric and resets two processes simply and very reliable, more priorly be, the relative movement that center ring separates with driven eseparation ring both sides between the tooth can reach the zero pure sliding mode that contacts in the very first time, eliminate the collision type wear phenomenon that separates between the tooth, reduced their rate of wear and the working life that has prolonged differential mechanism significantly.The 2nd, stop that chimeric mechanism possesses the ability of self adaption axial separation distance and the ability of the various axial wearing and tearing of automatic compensation within the specific limits, stop in the operating mode, described separation tooth gear tip clearance can keep zero collision sliding-modes unvaryingly, the phenomenon thereby the high frequency minute-pressure of eliminating driven torus axial compression spring is contracted, strengthen system-wide working stability and reliability, make differential mechanism keep optimum Working for a long time.The 3rd, the separation that stops chimeric mechanism stops that whether stable performance with chimeric reset two processes and driven torus axial compression spring is without any relation, do not have any receptance, so, no longer harsh to this holddown spring performance demands, the differential mechanism fault relevant with this holddown spring will significantly reduce, and more reduce the requirement and the relevant cost of assembly technology.The 4th, the assembling of differential mechanism, maintenance assembling all become simple relatively, are similar to assembling, and ensure the quality of products, and as long as all component qualified, no matter new and old, all do not exist compatibility or apolegamy property problem, more do not have the problem that influences assembly quality and usability.The 5th, catch ring can be made into non-trip ring form, manufacturing process, assembly technology are all simplified, and matching requirements, required precision and cost of production reduce relatively.The 6th, even all being in, two driven torus of differential mechanism separate the abnormal state that stops, also can not appear any separation repeatedly and chimeric phenomenon.The 7th, differential mechanism possesses handles very simple, the quick and reliable initiative ability that the bilateral driven torus is in the abnormal conditions of separating blocked state constitutes simultaneously, especially for the scheme that is furnished with the center ring position-limit mechanism; Correspondingly, center ring separates the stepped tooth that therefore tooth also can all be made into common, inexpensive with driven eseparation ring both sides, and can reduce the width of power transmission tooth teeth groove and improve the ability of differential mechanism transmitting torque, simultaneously, the center ring position-limit mechanism also has simple in structure, be easy to processing and fabricating, advantage with low cost.
By contrast, for stopping that working surface does not possess the embodiment of friction self-locking function, its center ring still may have slight impact with the relative movement that driven eseparation ring both sides separate between the tooth tooth top.However, corresponding embodiment stops that chimeric mechanism still possesses separation and stops and the chimeric simple and reliable advantage of two processes that resets, and has possessed above-mentioned whole benefits that catch ring can be made into a complete ring fully.In addition, between splined hub and catch ring endoporus cylndrical surface spacing chimeric mechanism is set, its manufacturing process and assembly technology all are better than prior art.
In addition, behind the employing one toothing, also have such benefit, optimize the structure and the mechanical property of driven torus exactly, made structure more become rationally, improved the technology capability of driven torus significantly, reduced difficulty of processing and cost of production, quality of product and manufacturing efficiency are improved significantly.The one toothing is unobvious with the benefit of separating the layout type between the chimeric mechanism in the chimeric mechanism of power transmission for stopping chimeric mechanism, in the radial direction, the power transmission tooth with separate tooth or also have attached blocking teeth to be linked to be a complete body, their flank can time processing be shaped; Simultaneously, the bending resistance that separates tooth does not reduce, and the characteristic of helping each other that links to each other because of denticle is improved on the contrary, and allows to reduce its transverse tooth thickness, remain unchanged with the circular gap that reaches the chimeric mechanism of described separation, and still have enough flank areas to promote the requirement of its wear resistance.Because the power transmission tooth of disjunctor has strengthened the bending resistance that driven torus separates tooth greatly, and they both can not bear the effect of moment of flexure simultaneously.And, the torque on the separation ring gear radius of increase has more reduced the Separating force that is applied to it and separated the tooth tooth root.
In chimeric operating mode, catch ring is still in catch ring on the datum end face or basic circle cylinder of reference rings relatively by constraint, stops accuracy and reliability with chimeric two processes that reset with significantly improving the separation that stops chimeric mechanism.Particularly adopt the spacing pattern of friction self-locking for spacing chimeric mechanism, and the technological scheme that attached catch ring and driven torus form as one, because catch ring wherein need not circumferential acceleration and more need not to move axially in above-mentioned two processes, so, its performance that stops chimeric mechanism will be close to ideal or perfection: the mass inertia of having completely abolished catch ring the separation that stops chimeric mechanism stop with chimeric two processes that reset in the effect qualification, this need not to do any action catch ring in above-mentioned two processes, all must move finishes all by driven torus this and causes separating the driving link oneself that stops with chimeric homing action and carry out, thereby with synchronism, conformity, the factor of the stability of driven torus holddown spring and the responsiveness aspect brought by inertia and mechanical structure is got rid of congenitally outside above-mentioned two processes, eliminate structure hidden danger, significantly promoted the reliability and stability of differential mechanism.
In addition, can be formed on the interior or external cylindrical surface of catch ring ring-type matrix in the end face radial teeth on the catch ring after, axial and the radial dimension of catch ring just can change in the larger context, and more more options will be provided for the optimal design that stops chimeric mechanism and even whole differential mechanism.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the axial section of a kind of jaw self-locking differential mechanism of prior art.
Fig. 2 is the axial section of the first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the schematic representation of driven torus among Fig. 2, (a) is the axial section of right elevation, (b) is plan view, (c) is the expansion schematic representation of the local flank profil of T direction radially projecting among (b) that amplifies.
Fig. 4 is the schematic representation of catch ring among Fig. 2, (a) is the expansion schematic representation of the local flank profil of T direction radially projecting among (c) that amplifies, and (b) is the axial section of the right elevation of (c), (c) is plan view.
Fig. 5 is half side chimeric power transmission, the right half side local unfolded drawing of respectively organizing the radially projecting of relativeness on same external cylindrical surface of flank profil when separation stops operating mode that is in of being in of the differential left among Fig. 2, (a) be that the corresponding profile of tooth of controlling chimeric mechanism concerns schematic representation, (b) be that the profile of tooth of the chimeric mechanism of corresponding power transmission concerns schematic representation, (c) be that corresponding profile of tooth of separating chimeric mechanism concerns schematic representation, (d) being the parameter schematic representation of power transmission tooth under the chimeric status, (e) is the parameter schematic representation that separates tooth under the chimeric status.
Fig. 6 represents, has stopping of various profiles of tooth chimeric mechanism with radially projecting's unfolded drawing form and all possible in stopping operating mode top contact concerned schematic representation, left side wheel profile among all figure all belongs to catch ring, and all right-hand wheel profiles all belong to attached catch ring; (a)～(i) expression is the various situations of the chimeric mechanism of control, wherein (a)～(c) expression is three kinds of special tooth profiles, (d)～(i) expression is | δ | and the whole profiles of tooth during＜λ≤ρ (e)～(i) then are the special tooth profiles of β=λ and coplane wherein; (j) expression is the profile of tooth that is applicable to the spacing chimeric mechanism of radial mode.
Fig. 7 is the rough schematic view of one of constraint type of catch ring among Fig. 2.
Fig. 8 is two a rough schematic view of the constraint type of catch ring among Fig. 2.
Fig. 9 is three a rough schematic view of the constraint type of catch ring among Fig. 2.
Figure 10 is four a rough schematic view of the constraint type of catch ring among Fig. 2, (a) is the structural representation that positioning ring has increment in (b), (b) is axial section.
Figure 11 is five a rough schematic view of the constraint type of catch ring among Fig. 2.
Figure 12 is the axial section of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 13 is the schematic representation of driven torus among Figure 12, (a) is plan view, (b) is the sectional drawing in T-T cross section in (a).
Figure 14 is the scheme schematic representation that substitutes catch ring constraint type among Figure 12.
Figure 15 is the axial section of the third embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 16 is the schematic representation of center ring among Figure 15, (a) is plan view, (b) is the axial section of left view, (c) is the expansion schematic representation of the local flank profil of T direction radially projecting among (a) that amplifies.
Figure 17 is the axial section of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 18 is the schematic representation of center ring among Figure 17, (a) is plan view, (b) be left view partly cut open figure.
Figure 19 is the sectional drawing of the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 20 is the schematic representation of axial matrix catch ring among Figure 19, (a) is plan view, (b) is the sectional drawing of left view.
Figure 21 is the axial section schematic representation of a kind of simplified structure application example of the present invention.
Figure 22 is the axial section schematic representation of the present invention's application example in the tractor differential mechanism.
Embodiment
Necessary explanation: in the text of this specification and the institute's drawings attached, same or analogous member and characteristic portion thereof all adopt identical label symbol, and only when they occur for the first time, describe in detail, will no longer give elaborating of repetition when occurring once more thereafter.
Fig. 2～Fig. 5 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, most preferred embodiment promptly of the present invention.Center ring 150 is embedded in and initiatively encircles in 110 endoporus and by snap ring 56 axial restraints, two driven torus 120 are installed in and initiatively encircle 110 two ends, and the fitting end face at Fourth Ring is formed two chimeric mechanisms of power transmission in twos relatively and separated chimeric mechanism with two.Two springs 54 push down respectively from two ends driven torus 120 with guarantee chimeric pressure continue exist, the outer end of two springs 54 is subjected to the support of two spring seats 50.Two spring seats 50 then are subjected to being sleeved on the axial limiting of the outer shaft shoulder of two splined hub 60 in its endoporus respectively.These two splined hub 60 are circumferentially fixing with mode and two driven torus 120 endoporus of splined respectively, are processed with the spline tooth that transmitting torque is used to output semiaxis (not shown) in splined hub 60 endoporus.Two catch rings 170 are installed in the end face circular groove of center ring 110 with the form of fitting end face towards driven torus 120 respectively, are datum end face with this groove inwall, are reference rings with center ring 110.Two restricted springs 192 are installed in respectively between the interior edge face of external spline teeth of catch ring 170 and splined hub 60, and catch ring 170 is pressed on the datum end face.Initiatively encircle to be in four radial lobes of 110 and radially be processed with center ring removal hole 160, center ring position-limitting pin 162 is installed in one of them hole, its pin head is embedded in the circumferential breach of corresponding recesses 164 on center ring 150 external cylindrical surfaces and snap ring 56, referring to Fig. 5 (c).Whole differential axle upwards has the layout and the structure of complete symmetry, and the power transmission tooth on all members, to separate number of teeth amount same fully, and circumferentially uniform, simultaneously, initiatively encircles 110 and the end face tooth rim at the center ring 150 two ends strict coordination that makes progress.
As shown in Figure 3, in three annular regions on driven torus 120 fitting end face, be evenly equipped with cross section from outside to inside successively and be down that trapezoidal driven torus power transmission tooth 122, cross section is that trapezoidal driven torus separates tooth 142 and attached blocking teeth 202.The footpath makes progress, and above-mentioned three teeth are linked to be complete one, and Fig. 3 (a) and Fig. 3 (b) have provided three's radially relation, and Fig. 3 (c) has provided the flank of tooth relation between the three.Driven torus power transmission tooth Topland 124, driven torus separate tooth Topland 144 and are easy to an accurate forming; For simple in structure and be beneficial to processing, driven torus power transmission tooth tooth flank 128, driven torus separates tooth tooth flank 148, attached blocking teeth tooth flank 210 three's coplanes; At the radially extended surface with driven torus power transmission tooth flank 126 is after the boundary machines away the part denticle of driven torus separation tooth 142 and attached blocking teeth 202, driven torus separates tooth flank 146 parts and keeps, attached blocking teeth is divided into two, respectively possess one and stop working surface 204, its Topland 206 has not existed, its flank 208 and driven torus power transmission tooth flank 126 coplanes.Here, the working surface 204 that stops of all attached blocking teeths 202 is the helicoid that lift angle is λ, | δ |＜λ≤ρ.Accordingly, the profile of tooth of initiatively encircling power transmission tooth 112 is fully same as driven torus power transmission tooth 122, and it is trapezoidal for the drum waist that center ring separates tooth 152, referring to Fig. 5 (d) and Fig. 5 (e).
Compared to existing technology, more simple on above driven torus 120 structures, more reasonable on the mechanics, and significantly improved manufacturability, and reduced difficulty of processing and cost, more make and dwindle the transverse tooth thickness that driven torus separates tooth 142, suitably increase its flank work area, reduce its contact strength and become possibility.The center ring of thickening separates tooth 152 and separates the chimeric situation of tooth 142 with the driven torus of attenuate shown in Fig. 5 (e).
The structure of catch ring 170 as shown in Figure 4.This ring has the radial mode matrix.Three blocking teeths 172 circumferentially are formed uniformly the outer rim side at ring-type matrix 188, the tooth top middle part is formed with spacing preiection 182, its flank of tooth is respectively by the end face 184 of spacing preiection 182, the spacing side 186 of the helicoid type that this protruding lift angle is β, lift angle is that the helicoid type of λ stops working surface 176, and flank 178 forms, wherein, | δ |≤β＜180 °.The bottom end face of catch ring 170 is its circumferential slip end faces 190, and the top end face is its fitting end face.Ring-type matrix 188 has the function of bearing restricted spring 192 pressure.
Compared to existing technology, there has not been the catch ring 170 of radial elastic requirement will be easier to make and assembling.In addition, the spacing preiection 182 at blocking teeth tooth top middle part can " be disappeared " in manufacturing for the benefit of and dwindle axial dimension.That is, make the lift angle β of this protruding flank 186 equal to stop the lift angle λ of working surface 176, and with stop that accordingly working surface 176 is same fully continuously.Referring to Fig. 6 (e).
Shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 5 (c) and Fig. 5 (d), the limited impression 164 organization center ring position-limit mechanisms on center ring position-limitting pin 162 and center ring 150 peripheries, the circumferential degrees of freedom of this mechanism is θ pUnder the chimeric status, this circumferential degrees of freedom θ pBe not less than the circumferential degrees of freedom θ of the chimeric mechanism of power transmission t, i.e. θ p〉=θ tAnd two chimeric mechanisms occupy separately the circumferentially intermediate value of degrees of freedom simultaneously.The tailing screw flight of position-limitting pin 162 cooperates with center ring removal hole 160, plays function for convenience detach.Relative prior art, this mechanism structure is simpler, and it is easier to make, assemble, and has used center ring removal hole 160, has reduced fabricating cost especially.Its assembly technology is also simpler, promptly, a little pin of technology is embedded in the radial direction through hole of center ring limited impression 164 centers, then the little pin cover of this technology of breach circumferential alignment of snap ring 56 is put into the annular groove on center ring 150 peripheries and pressed in this groove that submerges fully the two in the lump, the center ring 150 that will have circumferentially the snap ring 56 of location is again packed into and is initiatively encircled in 110 the center hole, and snap ring is pushed into and initiatively encircles 110 annular groove place and just can open automatically.Circumferentially adjust the center ring removal hole 160 that center ring 150 initiatively encircles with one of the notch alignment that makes snap ring 56, refill and join center ring position-limitting pin 162 in this center ring removal hole 160 and be deep in snap ring 56 breach, withdraw from the little pin of technology at last and promptly accuse and finish.
All engomphosis relations as shown in Figure 5 in the differential mechanism.Initiatively encircle 110 each and driven torus 120 and form the chimeric mechanism of power transmission, the chimeric degree of depth of the full-depth tooth of this mechanism and circumferentially degrees of freedom be respectively D tAnd θ t, θ tNumerical value be enough to guarantee that two ends driven torus 120 can realize simultaneously that in different directions differential separates.Center ring 150 is formed with driven eseparation ring and is separated chimeric mechanism, and the chimeric degree of depth of the full-depth tooth of this mechanism is D cIt is to stop that chimeric mechanism is again the chimeric mechanism of control of spacing chimeric mechanism that catch ring 170 is formed with attached catch ring, and the inlet nargin K of this mechanism is
Figure G200710152155701D00101
(related symbol is represented the angle of circumference between corresponding points), and, K＞θ c+ θ f+ γ+η, wherein, A and D, B and C, E and J, G and H are respectively axial contour point or lines in groups.Under the differential mechanism chimeric status, D t＜AG＜D c＜BE, wherein, the minimum barrier height of the chimeric mechanism of AG representative control (horizontal line symbolic representation axial distance, down together), BE represents the maximum spacing chimeric degree of depth of spacing chimeric mechanism.In the axial separation distance of the chimeric mechanism of control during greater than minimum barrier height AG, the spacing working surface of spacing chimeric mechanism will be converted to friction self-locking by blocking teeth flank 178 and 208 and stop working surface 176 and 204, therefore, the spacing circumferential degrees of freedom X at this moment of chimeric mechanism is natively greater than K.Referring to Fig. 3 (c), Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 5 (a).Right one side of something of Fig. 5 (a)～(c) has provided the correlation that stops chimeric mechanism under the operating mode.Have stopping of various profiles of tooth chimeric mechanism all possible in stopping operating mode can be to the top contact situation referring to Fig. 6.
Be understood that, catch ring 170 and attached catch ring respectively have three uniform on all four radial teeth, and the arrangement that attached 202 weeks of blocking teeth upwards just in time cross over two driven torus separation teeth 142 is all optional, and is the needs for simplified structure and technology etc. purely.Can't encircle integrally formed special circumstances with its owner for attached catch ring, can adopt in advance it is made separately, more afterwards it and its owner ring with or the mode of welding or interference fit etc. in addition the method for stiff assembly handle.In addition, the final axially support of spring 54 or spring seat 50 can be provided by differential casing, also can be provided by the housing of place cabinet or the bearing between housing and the rotating shaft, can also provide (as snap ring) by other axial restraint parts.Yet it must be noted that, though spring seat 50 can be cancelled in form, spring 54 can have fulcrum, just by having served as this fulcrum such as the alternative means of shaft shoulder on splined hub 60 peripheries and so on, so, remain the equivalent on spring seat 50 essential meanings.
Below in conjunction with working procedure and with reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 present embodiment is further described.
Present embodiment uses under the state of the differential casing assembly of inserting known technology.Rotate under the operating mode at the inner indifferential of differential mechanism, or when simply corresponding to the vehicle straight-line travelling, differential mechanism will be in complete chimeric status.At this moment, by initiatively encircling 110 driven torus 120 of passing to two ends respectively, output semiaxis of respectively passing to two ends through two spline engagement pairs by the splined hub 60 at two ends finally is delivered on two side drive wheel more again through the chimeric mechanism of the power transmission at two ends in the torque of input differential mechanism.And have differential to rotate under the operating mode in differential mechanism inside, or when simply corresponding to Vehicular turn and travelling, differential mechanism just will be in and surmount separated state.Because the symmetry properties cause only illustrates that here the right-hand member driven torus 120 that travels corresponding to the vehicle left steering surmounts the situations of initiatively encircling 110 rotations.And this kind surmounts that the result of rotation can only be that the right-hand member driven torus separates or the left end driven torus separates but the other end power does not have first or second kind of situation of interruption, and two ends, left and right sides driven torus is separated into a kind of in the third situation of free ring simultaneously.First kind of situation of following explanation earlier.
Under the unseparated hypothesis of left end driven torus, promptly under the fully chimeric situation of all chimeric mechanisms of left end, right-hand member driven torus 120 is relative to initiatively encircling 110 rotate and be equal to rotating relative to center ring 150.This lasting rotation must cause the right-hand member driven torus to separate tooth 142 and separate the axial separation force that produces between the tooth 152 surface of contact chimeric pressure greater than spring 54 with center ring, and two separate tooth and overcome described chimeric pressure and trackslip mutually and climb, and reaches D until the axial separation distance of driven torus 120 relative center rings 150 c, make right-hand member separate chimeric mechanism and thoroughly separate with the chimeric mechanism of power transmission.Because parameter A G＜D cRestriction, therefore, control the minimum point A that attached blocking teeth in the chimeric mechanism stops working surface 204 and axially cross the minimum point G that blocking teeth stops working surface 176 this moment already.Be still on the center ring 150 owing to catch ring 170 restrained springs 192 again, therefore, as long as the inlet nargin K that stops chimeric mechanism is not away from its lower limit, the above-mentioned separating process that surmounts reaches D with regard to sufficient to guarantee for the first time synchronously in the axial separation distance of the chimeric mechanism of control cThe time, attached blocking teeth stops that just jump onto blocking teeth reliably stops working surface 176 to working surface 204, conflict mutually and set up stable self-locking static friction and concern, and then drive catch ring 170 circumference on the datum end face of center ring 150 and trackslip, and in axial separation distance first or reach D for the second time cThe time (under the extreme case of design) just the axial separation process of the chimeric mechanism of above-mentioned separation is stopped at maximum separation distance D cOn.So, between right-hand member driven torus 120 and the center ring 150 separate the tooth gear tip clearance apart from constant be zero, two rings are in zero of no any impact and collision and contact the sliding friction operating mode, thereby eliminated the collision type wear phenomenon that separates tooth in the prior art and to the high frequency minute-pressure of spring 54 phenomenon that contracts, reduce their rate of wear significantly, strengthen stability, the reliability of differential mechanism and prolong working life of differential mechanism.
Surmount second kind of result that rotation causes the left end driven torus to separate for the right-hand member driven torus, the mechanism of its process is the same fully, just is equal to the left end driven torus and oppositely surmounts the separation process of rotating relative to initiatively encircling; And surmount the situation that oppositely surmounts separation of separating for two ends, left and right sides driven torus while forward, because center ring 150 initiatively encircles 100 substantial static relatively in the separation process, so take place when its separating mechanism is exactly preceding two kinds of separation case, therefore the separation process of back two kinds of situations explanation is equal to first kind of situation fully, need not repetition.
Should be emphasized that in the chimeric mechanism of the control of present embodiment, the screw face characteristics that stop working surface are to guarantee to stop the precondition of separating tooth zero collision in the operating mode,, must require λ＞0 that is.And | δ |＜λ≤ρ stops the necessary condition that stops friction self-locking between the working surface in the operating mode, also be to stop that chimeric mechanism possesses ability and the automatic ability that compensates various axial wearing and tearing that self adaption is separated the axial separation distance of chimeric mechanism within the specific limits, promote the necessary condition in overall performance, reliability and the working life of differential mechanism, and compensable amount also can be given as required when making.Especially, when δ＞0 and 0＜λ＜δ, attached blocking teeth 202 will climb because of two of top contact being stopped working surface can not self-locking trackslips relatively, and order stops that the axial separation distance of chimeric mechanism is greater than D c, until running into spacing preiection 182.That is to say that through suitable design, we can obtain making the contactless rotation operating mode that surmounts between driven torus 120 and the center ring 150.In addition, the self-locking relation between the working surface that stops only is present in corresponding surmounting in the rotation, promptly, being present in order is in positive the relatively rotating to the lift angle that stops working surface in the top contact, to make it be in the relatively rotating of bearing and never be present in, because the lift angle λ ' during rotate back one=-λ＜-| δ |, λ ' has dropped on outside the lower limit of self-locking necessary condition λ ' 〉=δ fully.Therefore, change and stop two directions that relatively rotate of separating between the tooth in the operating mode, stop that original self-locking relation will disappear immediately between the working surface, catch ring 170 will no longer be followed attached blocking teeth 202 unitary rotation, but be still on the datum end face of reference rings, that is, be still on the inwall of end face circular groove of center ring 150.
So it is very simple that present embodiment chimeric resets, oppositely surmount and get final product, being travelled by left steering corresponding to vehicle returns to the process of straight-line travelling.That is, as long as the rotating speed that surmounts of right-hand member driven torus 120 begins less than zero, each chimeric mechanism of this end is chimeric the resetting of horse back just.In other words, no matter which kind of extreme case appears, as long as K＞θ is arranged c+ θ fThe parameter of+γ+η guarantees, and K is not away from its lower limit, just at most only need to turn over a tooth position on the sense of rotation oppositely surmounting, promptly, make driven torus 120 that initiatively encircling 110 at most oppositely turns over a tooth position relatively, attached blocking teeth 202 blocking teeth that just can both slip away stops working surface 176, separates tooth 142 and driven torus power transmission tooth 122 synchronous chimeric resetting with driven torus, referring to Fig. 5.Only attached blocking teeth stop do not slip away the minimum point A point of working surface 204 blocking teeth stop the minimum point G point of working surface 176 before, driven torus power transmission tooth 122 has circumferentially missed under the situation of initiatively encircling power transmission tooth teeth groove mouth, chimeric reseting procedure just need turn over a tooth, but situation about stopping can not occur oppositely separating.
For second kind of above-mentioned separation case, as long as oppositely surmounting of left end driven torus 120 begins to transfer to forward and surmount, each chimeric mechanism of this end is chimeric resetting at once just, and process is the same, no longer repeat specification.And for separating the third situation that stops simultaneously in above-mentioned two ends, the left and right sides, it is also very simple and quick to recover the chimeric method of overcoming difficulties that resets, as long as one is quickened or slows down.Its guiding theory is exactly, change cause this unusual separation the state of surmounting promptly arranged, destroy the chimeric in-house friction self-locking relation that promptly has that stops, therefore, as long as about making the rotating speed of center ring 150 no longer be between the rotating speed of two driven torus, what just will change one of them end driven torus surmounts direction relatively, thus the chimeric power transmission that recovers this end immediately.This procedure declaration is the same fully, also no longer repeats.But should be noted that, initiatively encircle 110 and the center ring position-limit mechanism of 150 of center rings be the optimal selection of implementing the above-mentioned method of overcoming difficulties, but optional.Do not had the freewheel differential mechanism of this mechanism, can accomplish this point equally, just processing rate has reduction slightly.The guiding theory of overcoming difficulties is the same fully, and specific practice is exactly that the vehicle of order in travelling bends to right and once just can.
Above-mentioned guiding theory of overcoming difficulties also can be used in the overcoming difficulties of abnormal conditions that the chimeric mechanism of other both-end separates simultaneously, stops that such as, both-end chimeric mechanism separates the abnormal conditions that stop on the same direction of center ring 150 relatively.Just slightly different on the priority of concrete grammar, but equally at most only twice trial gets final product.That is, no matter whether the speed of a motor vehicle is zero and the unusual separation of quovis modo, if know original direction of travel, so as long as one quicken or one turn to, if do not know, then need at most to quicken and slow down or about respectively once turn to and get final product.As seen, for the present invention, the abnormal conditions that the bilateral driven torus separates simultaneously in the prior art no longer are problems, can not perceive it even and once occur in vehicle driving.Therefore, differential mechanism performance and vehicle bend manoeuvring performance will obviously be promoted.And owing to stop friction self-locking between the working surface, even if do not force its chimeric resetting, can not occur yet the chimeric mechanism of separation of the prior art chimeric repeatedly with the impingement phenomenon that separates.
In fact, from the angle of navigability, the unusual separation of the driven torus that produces during sliding curve should be that we are needed.Because after separating, there is not the situation of power interruption in present embodiment as long as an accelerated motion just can make differential mechanism work immediately, and the drive pattern that still helps Vehicular turn and control that obtains, promptly outside the bend but not inboard wheel obtains driving torque.And after entering straight way, still can automatically restore to the operating mode that bilateral drives.So, separate that tooth 152 is unnecessary again makes bulging waist shape, all of separating chimeric mechanism should be separated teeth and all make common stepped tooth.Except also simplifying technology, outside reducing cost, more can increase the ability of differential mechanism transmitting torque like this because of the width that reduces power transmission tooth teeth groove.
Significantly, stop in the present invention's the differential mechanism that the separation of chimeric mechanism stops and chimeric two processes that reset that mechanism is simple, process is reliable, and is satisfactory for result, and differential mechanism overall performance and life-span are significantly improved.
In addition, for the minimum lift angle δ and the maximum lift angle ρ that stop the self-locking of working surface friction pair in the chimeric mechanism of control, this specification has provided definition clearly, definition can be derived its functional relation easily thus, this functional relation only with basic physical dimension, axial pressure, circumferentially frictional force and relevant coefficients of friction relevant (, then being equivalent coefficient of friction) to taper hole shape slip end face as shown in figure 19.Spring 54, restricted spring 192 and circumferentially retrain frictional force influence or influence are very not little to δ and ρ, friction factor is very little to the influence of the size between self-locking area between δ and the ρ.In whole differential mechanism Life cycle, the relative position of λ between the self-locking area that δ and ρ defined change hardly (the supposition friction factor is 0.1 and of no force, about 11 degree of interval size).So, be taken at the centre in this interval as long as will stop the lift angle λ that stops working surface in the chimeric mechanism, just can guarantee to stop that chimeric mechanism has the friction self-locking ability unvaryingly in cycle life-cycle of differential mechanism, can both reliably work effectively again.Therefore, prior art stops whether the reliability of chimeric mechanism and the stable performance of spring 54 have nothing to do, and relative fault will significantly reduce relatively.Not only can cancel harsh requirement to it, reduce the requirement and the difficulty of differential mechanism assembly technology, and the assembling of differential mechanism, maintenance assembling all become simple relatively, be similar to assembling, and ensure the quality of products, all component, as long as it is qualified, no matter new and old, all there are not compatibility or apolegamy property problem, more there is not the problem that influences assembly quality and usability.
Fig. 6 shows that to have stopping of a various profiles of tooth chimeric mechanism all possible to the top contact situation in stopping operating mode.Among Fig. 6 (d)～(i) | δ |＜λ≤ρ, expression be to realize separating zero contact friction of tooth tooth top, and have all profiles of tooth relations of the chimeric mechanism of control of integrated abrasion compensation.What Fig. 6 (d) represented is the situation of β ≠ λ; What Fig. 6 (e)～(i) represented is the flank 118 and the special case that stops working surface 176 coplanes of β=λ and blocking teeth tooth top middle part spacing preiection entirely, and this situation helps manufacturing.Fig. 6 (a), Fig. 6 (b) and Fig. 6 (j) are corresponding to the various profile of tooth relations that the collision type wearing and tearing are arranged after the overload separation.
It is pointed out that by constraint catch ring 170 being still on the datum end face in the present embodiment is in order to obtain perfect performance and reliability, is not essential.And the mode of constraint, it is a kind of also to be not limited to length of spring compressed, can also be to make the whole or local to cause the mode of the two magnetic attracting of center ring 150 or catch ring 170 with magnetic material; Can also be catch ring 170 to be made the elastic opening ring of the band location shaft shoulder, or make the elastic opening ring of band taper turning surface, and the axial thrust load of the elastic reaction of this taper turning surface force its be adjacent to datum end face from the way of restraint; Can also be that the radial elastic masterpiece is used on the local taper turning surface of catch ring to force it to be adjacent to datum end face, such as the radially compressing mode of spring ball or snap ring etc.; It perhaps can also be mode as Fig. 7～shown in Figure 11 etc.
As shown in Figure 7, have the circumferential recess of cross section on the periphery of V-shaped groove snap ring 80 for " V " type, two sides of this groove cooperate with the corresponding tapered end face of catch ring, and the radial expansion power of snap ring 80 can force the catch ring 170 at two ends to be adjacent to all the time on the datum end face 78 that is positioned at center ring 150.
Shown in Figure 8 is with the mode of catch ring 170 direct tensions in two ends on the datum end face 78 of center ring 150 with retaining spring 92.Between the interior shaft shoulder end face of retaining spring 92 and two catch rings 170,, circumferentially link to prevent the two ends catch ring every with packing ring 86, packing ring 90 and ball 88.The inboard of packing ring 90 is evenly equipped with four radial protrusions 104.Uniform four the ring shaped axial projectioies 106 that curve with the outmost turns Spring Steel Wire of the respective end of Locating extension spring 92, the other end is then made toroidal.The final step of assembling is, with four radial protrusions 104 of packing ring 90, by Spring Steel Wire beginning place of Locating extension spring 92 protruding ends, rotates to successively between outermost two circle of spring, and arrives in the through hole that each self-corresponding axial projection 106 surrounded.Also can do such modification, that is, and the ball 88 of cancellation packing ring 86 and this end; Perhaps Locating extension spring 92 is made the symmetric form that both-end all is furnished with projection 106, and will be replaced packing ring 86 with packing ring 90.
As shown in Figure 9, an end of positioning ring 94 is furnished with the outer shaft shoulder, and the other end is furnished with the interior shaft shoulder, and all or part of of interior edge face of the shaft shoulder is the taper hole face in this.Ball 88 is arranged between the interior shaft shoulder of the outer shaft shoulder of positioning ring 94 and catch ring 170.After two symmetrical positioning rings 94 compressed catch ring 170 respectively from two ends, spacing was still greater than zero therebetween.The side of " V " type circumferential recess cooperates with the corresponding taper hole face of positioning ring 94 on snap ring 80 peripheries, and forces two positioning rings 94 that two catch rings 170 are strained on the datum end face 78 of center ring 150 by the effect of snap ring 80 radial expansion power.
The manner also can be like this: replace the ball 88 of an end with wavy spring, and the V-shaped groove of snap ring 80 is made into rectangle groove; Or replace snap rings 80 with Locating extension spring 92, simultaneously with several radially double wedge replace the interior shaft shoulder of positioning ring 94; Or directly positioning ring 94 and catch ring 170 are made the rigidity one; Or remove ball 88 and positioning ring 94, and strengthen the axial dimension of snap ring 80, become form shown in Figure 7.
As shown in figure 10, one end of positioning ring 108 is furnished with the outer shaft shoulder 100, uniform four the axial double wedges of the other end, the interior ring side on the top of these four double wedges all is formed with radially double wedge 96, two positioning rings 108 compress the catch ring 170 of respective end respectively in staggered chimeric mode from two ends, the left and right sides, one group of ball 88 is arranged between the interior shaft shoulder of the left end positioning ring 108 outer shaft shoulders 100 and catch ring 170, waveform restricted spring 192 is installed between the interior shaft shoulder of the outer shaft shoulder 100 of right-hand member positioning ring 108 and catch ring 170, shackle 102 is installed between the two staggered chimeric radially double wedges 96, axial restraint is lived two positioning rings 108, guaranteeing compression, thereby guarantee that two catch rings 170 are close on the datum end face 78 to restricted spring 192.
Certainly, also can cancel restricted spring 192 or replace ball 88, and suitably deepen the axial teeth groove 98 of positioning ring 108, replace shackle 102 with helical compression spring simultaneously, compress the catch ring 170 at two ends with the axial force of this spring.This helical compression spring enters with above-mentioned rotation mode and puts in place.
Structure shown in Figure 11 also is the canonical form of tooth embedding differential mechanism, and the main distinction only is that the action mode of spring 54 changes to some extent, does not have difference with layout shown in Figure 2 in fact, does not do repeated description at this.The orientation type of catch ring 170 and shown in Figure 2 identical in the manner, just the inner axle of catch ring 170 shoulder footpath has upwards been extended manyly, and the axial support surface of restricted spring 192 changes end face into the ring-type matrix of splined hub 60 into by the end face of splined hub 60 external spliness.
Should be noted that restricted spring 192 of the present invention is not limited to two kinds of helical spring and wavy springs, diaphragm spring, belleville spring, elastic caoutchouc, elastomeric plastics etc. also all are the persons of being equal to; And the support ring of restricted spring 192 can be splined hub, driven torus, center ring, active ring and catch ring oneself.After catch ring 170 was implemented constraint, the separation that stops chimeric mechanism stopped that accuracy, reliability and the timeliness with chimeric two processes that reset all obtains reliable guarantee, and it stops that the performance of chimeric mechanism is close to ideal or perfection.The separation that stops chimeric mechanism stop with chimeric two processes that reset in, catch ring 170 need not to do any action, all this causes separating the driving link oneself that stops with chimeric homing action and finishes by driven torus 120 in all essential actions, thereby the factor of the responsiveness aspect of bringing with the stability of synchronism of the prior art, conformity, spring 54 and by inertia and mechanical structure is got rid of congenitally outside above-mentioned two processes, eliminate structure hidden danger, significantly promoted the reliability and stability of differential mechanism.
Need to prove, owing to stop that working principle, relation and the process of chimeric mechanism etc. are identical, thus will no longer award repeat specification in following examples, and only concrete structure is carried out necessary explanation.
Second embodiment such as Figure 12～shown in Figure 13.It is diametrically the chimeric mechanism of first embodiment's control to be moved to resulting scheme between the two from separating the chimeric mechanism of chimeric mechanism and power transmission within the two.Therefore this embodiment almost has whole characteristics of first embodiment.Concrete difference is, spring 54 is by a plurality of composition that makes progress in week, and catch ring 170 is one to have the elastic opening ring of axial matrix, and the revolution rubbing surface that this ring and center ring are 150 is taper hole shape, and the vertex of a cone is at catch ring slip end face 190 1 ends.
The structure of driven torus 120 as shown in figure 13.Attached catch ring directly upwards is in driven torus power transmission ring gear to be separated between the ring gear with driven torus, directly isolated part driven torus power transmission tooth 122 separates tooth 142 with driven torus entity relationship, driven torus separates the potentiality that tooth 142 facewidth reduce and is significantly less than first embodiment.
As described in first embodiment, catch ring 170 also can be pure columniform unbroken loop, and need not to give compulsory axially locating, and cost is to guarantee that the very first time sets up zero collision and stop pattern.Perhaps, the revolution rubbing surface between catch ring 170 and the center ring 150 is made the cylndrical surface form of shaft shoulder location, also can realize the axially locating of catch ring 170.Perhaps, as shown in figure 14, catch ring 170 is made unbroken loop, limit its axial position with the axially locating pin 82 that is no less than.Locating stud 82 axially freely is arranged in the through hole that is arranged on the attached blocking teeth tooth flank 210, the one end withstands on the Topland 184 of independent blocking teeth tooth top middle part spacing preiection, referring to Fig. 4, then be with external diameter on the termination path of the other end and be not more than the locating stud stage clip 84 of locating stud 82 external diameters, locating stud stage clip 84 is pressed on the spring seat 50 again.When driven torus 120 moved axially, locating stud 82 was motionless, and relative catch ring 170, the circumferential amounts of rotation of driven torus 120 are not enough to cause the termination of locating stud 82 to break away from the Topland 184 of blocking teeth tooth top middle part spacing preiection.Be the power of reducing friction, can hole to embed ball at the head of locating stud 82.
Shown in Figure 15～Figure 16 is the third embodiment of the present invention.It is to have exchanged on axially to stop among first embodiment that chimeric mechanism forms both sides' the resulting scheme in position.Promptly, catch ring 170 is its reference rings with driven torus 120, and the interior ring side end face of separating tooth 142 with driven torus is a datum end face, and attached catch ring is its owner's ring with center ring 150, attached blocking teeth 202 separates tooth 152 at the internal diameter end and fuses with center ring, referring to Figure 16.And restricted spring 192 is directly installed between two catch rings 170, is furnished with spacer 62 between two splined hub 60.Present embodiment almost has first embodiment's complete characteristic.
When driven torus 120 was done axial separation and moved, the pressure of restricted spring 192 can guarantee that catch ring 170 follows driven torus 120 synchronously and axially move.The mode that surmounts of rotating relative to driven torus 120 with center ring 150 is understood the separation that stops chimeric mechanism and is stopped and chimeric reseting procedure that this two process is same as process described in first embodiment fully, does not therefore do repeat specification here.Clearly, in the present embodiment, catch ring 170 stops in the process it is to quicken to rotate and axially movable stopping that chimeric mechanism separates, and in first embodiment be inertia with static, therefore, present embodiment obviously exists inertia problem and synchronism problem.And in order to ensure the synchronism of moving, the rigidity of restricted spring 192 should significantly strengthen, and therefore, wearing and tearing also will strengthen relatively.So present embodiment is slightly poorer than first embodiment.
It is pointed out that to reducing wear and interfering mutually, can come spaced apart catch ring 170 and restricted spring 192 with packing ring and one group of ball.Perhaps, cancellation restricted spring 192 is directly made elastic opening ring with catch ring 170, makes its periphery have the tapering or the location shaft shoulder.In addition, shown in Figure 16 (c), the tooth flank 210 of attached blocking teeth 202 is lower than center ring and separates tooth tooth flank 158, its flank separates tooth flank 156 coplanes with center ring, its Topland 206 separates tooth Topland 154 coplanes with center ring, wherein the same among the consideration of simplified structure and Fig. 3 no longer repeated here.More freely, attached blocking teeth stops that working surface 204 can be higher than the Topland 154 that also can be lower than center ring separation tooth 202, even can be lower than the tooth flank 158 that center ring separates tooth 202, referring to Figure 18.
The fourth embodiment of the present invention such as Figure 17～shown in Figure 180.It is to have exchanged on axially to stop among second embodiment that chimeric mechanism forms both sides' the resulting scheme in position.Promptly, the elastic opening catch ring 170 of the band location shaft shoulder or taper turning surface is its reference rings with driven torus 120, being inlaid in driven torus power transmission tooth 122 separates with driven torus in the annular recess between the tooth 142, with this groove inwall is datum end face, attached catch ring is its owner's ring with center ring 150, and attached blocking teeth 202 separates tooth 152 at the external diameter end and fuses with center ring.Attached blocking teeth Topland 206 separates tooth tooth flank 158 with high with center ring, this will help processing, and the angle of attached blocking teeth flank 208 and attached blocking teeth tooth flank 210 can have certain transition circle.So present embodiment almost has second embodiment's complete characteristic.
The same with the 3rd embodiment, catch ring 170 also is axially movable in the present embodiment, not as being that the scheme of reference rings is like that reliable and simple with center ring 150.Understand easily, the ability that present embodiment dwindles driven torus separation tooth 142 facewidth is less than the first, the 3rd embodiment, and mechanical property is also relative with preparation process relatively poor, though be not selection, still is better than the prior art scheme in described others.
Shown in Figure 19～Figure 20 is unique embodiment with the spacing chimeric mechanism of radial mode among the present invention.Compare with embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, its crucial difference is, is circumferentially fixing rather than the rigidity one between attached catch ring and the attached limited ring, they one be attached on the driven torus 120, one is attached on the splined hub 60, and all stop that the lift angle of working surface is a zero degree.In addition, be formed with three radial protrusions 194 on the inner ring surface of catch ring 170, constitute radially spacing chimeric mechanism with the limited impression 222 that forms on splined hub 60 relevant positions.The circumferential degrees of freedom X of this mechanism is greater than the inlet nargin K that stops chimeric mechanism, and these two chimeric mechanism weeks upwards can be chimeric between two parties synchronously.Stopping that chimeric mechanism enters stops after the operating mode, and splined hub 60 will drive catch rings 170 unitary rotation by radial protrusion 194, and maintain the operating mode that stops that stops chimeric mechanism.In addition, the slip end face 190 of catch ring 170 is cone shape hole faces that an angle with rotational axis is not equal to 90 degree, helps to promote the δ value, to the restriction ability of catch ring 170, and the reliability that stops chimeric mechanism.
Significantly, also the limited impression 222 of the spacing chimeric mechanism of radial mode can be arranged on the inner ring surface of catch ring 170, and radial protrusion 194 is arranged on the splined hub 60.Two kinds of arrangements, its manufacturing process and assembly technology all are better than prior art.In addition, if the chimeric mechanism that stops in the present embodiment is directly upwards risen between chimeric mechanism of separation and the chimeric mechanism of power transmission, correspondingly, the attached limited ring of a radial teeth is only arranged and initiatively encircle 110 rigidity one, circumferential fixed relationship between the described two attached rings has just become circumferential qualified relation, prior art scheme that Here it is, the sensu lato special case of the present invention.
Referring to Figure 20, stop that all stop that the lift angle of working surface is zero in the chimeric mechanism.Therefore, be subjected to parameter A G＜D cRestriction, separate chimeric mechanism and stop that chimeric mechanism can not be simultaneously to top contact, that is, stop that the friction that separates between the tooth tooth top in the operating mode is a collision type, referring to Fig. 6 (j).Stop that chimeric mechanism does not possess the ability of compensation abrasion yet.In addition, present embodiment almost has first embodiment's complete characteristic, the chimeric reliability of being brought by non-latching characteristics when comprising chimeric resetting.Because catch ring 170 is the contacting of this disengaging temporarily and attached blocking teeth 202 when separating tooth and collide mutually at least, and restrained spring 192 is still on the datum end face of center ring 150, is equal to stop that chimeric mechanism can not self-locking.
Certainly, also the lift angle that stops working surface that stops chimeric mechanism in the present embodiment can be taken in the friction angle interval, that is, | δ |＜λ≤ρ, so just can realize separating the mode of operation of zero collision sliding friction of between cog, but Here it is first but not present embodiment.Even if only appended spacing preiection 182, yet there is this possibility, because two kinds of spacing chimeric mechanisms can not play a role simultaneously.
In the application example of simplified structure shown in Figure 21, the gear teeth 58 are formed directly into and initiatively encircle on 110 the external cylindrical surface, both sides driven torus 120 is made one respectively with splined hub 60, and the spline endoporus is a sealing blind hole, seal ring 66 is arranged between differential casing and the splined hub 60, and catch ring 170 is a taper hole shape elastic opening ring.In addition, center ring removal hole 160 is set on the center ring 150.
This simple structure form can be transmitted big torque, be highly suitable for the differential system of various self-propelled machine devices and underloading vehicle, as snowplow, lawnmower, trimmer, concrete cutting machine, pitch cutting machine, golf cart, hand tractor, various microminiature agricultural machinery and implement etc.
Shown in Figure 22 is the application example of another simplified structure of the present invention, i.e. tractor differential mechanism application form.Contrast Figure 21, shown in Figure 22 being equivalent to the power transmission tooth 130 on its splined hub 60 by having changed on the inner cylindrical surface on the external cylindrical surface, the two-semiaxle that does not have transmitting torque and rotate task then merge into one only play the radial location effect turn to axis 68, initiatively encircle 110 or the like all members shaft to unsteady thereon.
This embodiment is applicable to the steering system of hand tractor, and the use occasion of the steering wheel of upper saw pulley or leading role is particularly arranged, and can alleviate driver's labor intensity, promotes vehicle safety and operating characteristics.
After having understood thought of the present invention, be easy to expect and will stop chimeric arrangement of mechanism to the structural type of the chimeric mechanism of power transmission outside radially that just that is not good selection, not only residual torque is excessive, nor very good assembling.In addition, spring 54 also can be other any pressure springs such as diaphragm spring.
Below only be to the present invention is directed to description and the diagram that its limited embodiment gives, has particularity to a certain degree, but it should be understood that, mentioned embodiment is used for describing, its various variations, the layout that is equal to, exchanges and change structure or each member all will be considered to not be separated from the spirit and scope that the present invention conceives.

Claims (11)

1. basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear, comprise initiatively ring, center ring, driven torus, catch ring, spring, spring seat, splined hub, snap ring, attached catch ring and attached limited ring, attached catch ring and attached limited ring and owner's annular separately become one, center ring is embedded in and initiatively encircles in the endoporus and by the snap ring axial restraint, spring is installed between driven torus and the spring seat, and splined hub and driven torus are circumferentially fixing; Initiatively the axial two ends of ring all are furnished with:
But the chimeric mechanism of power transmission of the equal transmitting torque of rotation on two circumferencial directions by initiatively encircling and axial chimeric the forming of driven torus, all is furnished with radial mode power transmission tooth on the fitting end face of these two rings;
On two circumferencial directions, relatively rotate and all can cause self and the two chimeric mechanism of the separation that separates simultaneously of the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, axially going up the footpath upwards all is positioned within the chimeric mechanism of power transmission, by center ring and axial chimeric the forming of driven eseparation ring, all be furnished with radial mode on the fitting end face of these two rings and separate tooth; Described driven eseparation ring and driven torus form as one; And
Stop the chimeric mechanism of described separation surmount under the separated state chimeric stop chimeric mechanism, by axial chimeric the forming of described catch ring and attached catch ring, all be formed with the radial mode blocking teeth that possesses axial barrier functionality on these two rings; The described minimum barrier height that stops chimeric mechanism is greater than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, less than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of the chimeric mechanism of described separation; It is characterized in that:
Also be furnished with the spacing chimeric mechanism that stops that to described the circumferential relative position of catch ring is implemented restriction in the chimeric mechanism, form by described catch ring and described attached limited ring; Described attached limited ring and described attached catch ring are circumferentially fixing; The described axial separation distance that stops chimeric mechanism is during greater than described minimum barrier height, and the circumferential degrees of freedom of described spacing chimeric mechanism is greater than the described inlet nargin that stops chimeric mechanism.
2. by the described no-spin lockup of claim 1, it is characterized in that: describedly stop chimeric mechanism, be located axially within the chimeric mechanism of described separation or within the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, radially go up the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission and the chimeric mechanism of described separation within the two, between or outside; Described catch ring is subjected to the unidirectional support of reference rings datum end face, and its slip end face and this datum end face formation circumferentially are free to slide friction pair; The owner of described attached catch ring ring is an any one party member of forming chimeric mechanism of described separation or the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission, described reference rings be in the chimeric mechanism of described separation or in the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission with owner's annulate shaft of described attached catch ring to relative side's member.
3. by the described no-spin lockup of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
(a) described catch ring is installed in the end face circular groove of center ring, and the owner of described attached catch ring ring is a driven torus, and owner's ring of described attached limited ring is a splined hub, and described attached limited ring is directly faced the inner cylindrical surface of described catch ring;
(b) described spacing chimeric mechanism is a radially chimeric mechanism of cotter way formula between the inner cylindrical surface that is arranged in described attached limited ring and described catch ring.
4. by the described no-spin lockup of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
(a) described attached limited ring and described attached catch ring are same ring, described spacing chimeric mechanism stops that with described chimeric mechanism overlaps the back and constitutes the chimeric mechanism of a control, this is controlled in the chimeric mechanism, described blocking teeth also is a limiting tooth simultaneously, and the attached blocking teeth of described attached catch ring also is attached limiting tooth simultaneously;
(b) in the chimeric mechanism of described control, the both sides of blocking teeth and attached each Topland of blocking teeth both sides are formed with two respectively accordingly and stop working surface, these two stop that working surface is the helicoid that lift angle is not more than ρ, and the middle part of a Topland is formed with spacing preiection at least therein, here, ρ can make stopping the maximum lift angle that stops working surface that stops the secondary successful self-locking of the working surface formed static friction of axial contact in the operating mode by both party;
(c) the maximum spacing chimeric degree of depth of described spacing chimeric mechanism is greater than the chimeric degree of depth of full-depth tooth of the chimeric mechanism of described separation.
5. by the described no-spin lockup of claim 4, it is characterized in that: two sides of spacing preiection in the chimeric mechanism of described control, be that lift angle is the helicoid of β, | δ |≤β＜180 °, wherein, | δ | be can make stopping in the operating mode by blocking teeth and stopping that working surface and attached blocking teeth stop that working surface axially contact the absolute value of the minimum lift angle that stops working surface of the successful self-locking of formed static friction pair.
6. by each described no-spin lockup of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that:
(a) the power transmission tooth of the separation tooth of described driven eseparation ring and described driven torus or the blocking teeth that is linked to be the described attached catch ring of one radially with the power transmission tooth of this driven torus are directly upwards during direct neighbor, the separation tooth of described driven eseparation ring and this direct neighbor tooth are linked to be complete one diametrically with such effect, promptly, after being the part denticle of boundary's separation tooth of machining away described driven eseparation ring at the radially extended surface with the power transmission tooth teeth groove contoured surface of described driven torus, the circumferential degrees of freedom of the chimeric mechanism of described separation remains unchanged;
(b) the radial end face tooth on owner's ring of the blocking teeth of described attached catch ring and attached catch ring or be linked to be radially other radial end face tooth of one with this end face tooth, with the radially extended surface of the teeth groove contoured surface of the radial end face tooth on described owner's ring is the form of the part denticle of boundary's blocking teeth of machining away described attached catch ring, is linked to be one completely diametrically; Radial end face tooth on described owner's ring is the power transmission tooth of the power transmission tooth of described active ring, described driven torus or the separation tooth of described center ring.
7. by the described no-spin lockup of claim 6, it is characterized in that: keeping under the constant prerequisite of the circumferential degrees of freedom of the chimeric mechanism of described separation, can reduce the transverse tooth thickness of the separation tooth of described driven torus, simultaneously the corresponding transverse tooth thickness that increases the separation tooth of described center ring on a 50-50 basis.
8. by each described no-spin lockup of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: the catch ring in the chimeric status can be still in relatively on the datum end face or basic circle cylinder of reference rings by constraint.
9. by each described no-spin lockup of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: catch ring is considered as ring-type matrix and end face radial teeth annular component dimerous, and described end face radial teeth is formed on the interior or external cylindrical surface of described ring-type matrix.
10. by each described no-spin lockup of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: in the center ring removal hole on active ring or center ring, be equipped with by radially spacing position-limitting pin, the head of this position-limitting pin radially embeds center ring or initiatively encircles in the groove of going up on the corresponding circle cylinder, be positioned at the breach of described snap ring circumferentially, the center ring position-limit mechanism that formation is limited the circumferential relative position between active ring and the center ring, the circumferential degrees of freedom of this mechanism is not less than the circumferential degrees of freedom of the chimeric mechanism of described power transmission.
11. by each described no-spin lockup of claim 1～5, it is characterized in that: driven torus and splined hub are made the rigidity one, but are formed with the characteristic surface of transmitting torque on its interior or external cylindrical surface.
CN2007101521557A 2007-09-18 2007-09-18 Basic mode jaw self locking speed differential gear Expired - Fee Related CN101118005B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101936345B (en) * 2009-06-29 2014-10-08 洪涛 Torque-excited rotary guide type jaw overrunning clutch and self-locking differential
CN102086909B (en) * 2009-12-08 2015-03-04 洪涛 Dual guide type jaw bidirectional overrunning clutch
CN102086927B (en) * 2009-12-08 2015-07-22 洪涛 Guide type jaw self-locking differential
CN107420518A (en) * 2017-09-11 2017-12-01 宁波市鄞州益定机械制造有限公司 A kind of limited-slip differential assembly
CN112283314B (en) * 2020-10-26 2021-08-27 徐州华晨车桥有限公司 Manufacturing method of driving and driven ring force transmission teeth of jaw differential
CN113008480B (en) * 2021-02-26 2022-09-20 一汽解放汽车有限公司 Comprehensive performance test device for differential lock control mechanism

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