CN101116276B - System and method for space-time frequency coding in a multi-antenna transmission system - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for space-time-frequency coding pieces of data includes receiving a stream of a plurality of pieces of data in a multi-antenna transmission system, where the data may comprise a stream of orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) symbols, orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) symbols or the like. The pieces of data are then coded across space, time and frequency dimensions based upon a plurality of space-time-frequency (STF) codes. The pieces of data are coded such that one or more STF codes in the frequency dimension differ from one or more other STF codes in the frequency dimension. In this regard, the frequency dimension can include a plurality of frequency bins such that the pieces of data can be coded in a manner whereby the plurality of STF codes sequentially circulates through sets of at least one frequency bin in the frequency domain.

Description

The system and method that is used for the multi-aerial transmission system space-time-frequency encoding

Technical field

The present invention mainly relates to multiaerial system and the method that is used to realize radio communication, and relates to particularly and be used for signal is carried out space-time-frequency encoding so that the multiaerial system and the method for branch collection are provided when realizing radio communication.

Background technology

Along with the development of wireless communication system, wireless system design for equipment and performance requirement become require increasingly high.Will Comparatively speaking be called as with the second generation (2G) digital system of the first generation (1G) analogue system and current use the third generation (3G) and the 4th generation (4G) system following wireless system so that the data, services of high-quality high transfer rate also is provided except high-quality voice service., the system service performance requirement can influence the device design constraint of mobile terminal design when being arranged in addition consumingly.With requiring 3G and 4G mobile radio terminal is littler, lighter, the unit that has more power efficiency that the required complicated voice-and-data service of these following wireless systems also can be provided.

Time dependent multipath fading is a kind of like this effect in the wireless system, wherein transmission signals along a plurality of propagated to receiver, because the decline that the constructivity and the summation of destructing property of signal is caused the reception signal at receiver.Known several methods can be used for overcoming the influence of multipath fading, such as utilize error correction coding carry out time-interleaved, implement frequency diversity or transmitter power control technology through utilizing spread spectrum.Yet these technology all have defective with regard to being used for 3G and 4G system.Time-interleavedly possibly introduce unnecessary delay; Spread spectrum possibly be equipped with the branch of big bandwidth and overcome big coherence bandwidth, and power control techniques maybe be than the receiver of complicacy to the required higher transmitter power of transmitter feedback technique and this has increased the complexity of portable terminal.All these defectives are for realizing that the third generation and the required characteristic of the 4th generation portable terminal all have negative effect.

Antenna diversity is another technology that is used for overcoming the influence of wireless system multipath fading.Send to divide concentrating, multiplexed and processing signals to be generating a plurality of separation signals, and these separation signals are sent via two or more how physically separated antenna then.Similarly, in receive diversity, two or more how physically separated antenna are used for received signal, and this signal is then by combination with switch and handle with the generation received signal.The various systems utilization that is known as multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system is sent and is divided collection and receive diversity this two, and multiplexed and diversity gain is provided in radio communication.

In people's such as Alamouti mandate day is that February 6 calendar year 2001, title are the United States Patent (USP) the 6th of Transmitter Diversity Technique for Wireless Communications; 185; A kind of transmission diversity technique is disclosed in No. 258; According to this technology, two transmitting antennas send information to single receive antenna redundantly, with the mode quoted the content of this patent are incorporated into this.Send diversity technique according to Alamouti, during " time gap " in time domain ground send information, these the time gap duration be small enough to make in two channels the transmission quality on each channel the time gap during in constant effectively.The time gap be divided into symbol period, the representative of each symbol period is from the time of the single symbol of antenna transmission.

Send diversity technique according to Alamouti, in the gap, first antenna sends symbol z during first symbol period when the duration is two symbol periods ₁And during second symbol period, send symbol-z ₂ ^*, and second antenna sends symbol z during first symbol period ₂And during second symbol period, send symbol z ₁ ^*Here " a ^*" complex conjugate (if i.e. a=x+yj, the then a of expression " a " ^*=x-yj).The time gap can be called " time-space crack ", this is in order to show that a plurality of antennas are sending, and--branch of having stressed to have living space collection--perhaps can abbreviate " time slot " as.The Alamouti Matrix C _AlaRepresent that as follows, wherein each is gone corresponding to transmitting antenna, and each row is corresponding to symbol period.

$C_{\mathrm{Ala}}(z_1,z_2)=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{z}_1& -{z^{*}}_2\\ z_2& {z^{*}}_1\end{array}\right]$

If one of two antennas the time more send on robust ground than another antenna during the gap, then singly from two transmissions, can derive two symbols than the powerhouse.Form new time slot, wherein z in during third and fourth symbol period ₃Serve as z ₁The role, and z ₄Serve as z ₂The role, and for follow-up time crack and symbol cycle the rest may be inferred.Therefore, transmitting antenna sends according to the sequence of 2 * 2 Alamouti sign indicating numbers.What be used for that the transmission in conventional letter cycle divides collection is referred to as " space-time branch block code " such as the such matrix-type of 2 * 2 Alamouti matrixes.Here, space-time branch block code and the time gap by chance coincide, though be not always this situation.Dividing collection here is two perhaps " twices ", and this is because come to send each symbol twice by the identical copy of delay or the complex conjugate that postpones (perhaps complex conjugate negative is " negative complex conjugate " perhaps).Send at every symbol period under the hypothesis of a symbol at single transmitter, the number of the symbol that sends at every symbol period in the communication system is called " character rate ".Character rate here is one, and this is because symbol is regarded as with regard to this purposes identical with its complex conjugate or negative complex conjugate.

With send such as Alamouti the such space-time coding techniques of diversity technique different be; The space-frequency coding techniques depends on through following mode and strides the space and frequency is encoded: symbols streams is divided into several parallel symbols stream, and each stream in these streams is modulated on the subcarrier at cross frequence place or separate carrier or at each stream of cross frequence storehouse internal modulation.Be called the combination of more odd encoder technology through on time and frequency, among transmitting antenna, providing space-time coding and space-frequency to encode of space-time-frequency encoding technology to encoding symbols.Though conventional space-time, space-frequency and space-time-frequency encoding technology are enough to overcome multipath fading at least some influences in wireless system, hope to improve such technology usually.

Summary of the invention

In view of aforementioned background, exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of improved many antenna transmission communication entity such as base station, base station controller etc. and a kind of correlating method and computer program that is used for the data of transmitting such as striding wireless network are carried out space-time-frequency encoding.Similarly, exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of and is used for correlating method and computer program that the data the data that receive such as striding wireless network are carried out space-time-frequency decoding at the improved reception network entity in the multi-aerial transmission system like portable terminal and a kind of.Exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be carried out coding/decoding to data with the mode that in the communication system that comprises sending entity and receiving entity, increases diversity gain and coding gain simultaneously.Like this, exemplary embodiment of the present invention has strengthened the performance of communication system for conventional system.

According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of method that is used for many data are carried out space-time-frequency encoding is provided.This method is included in the stream that receives many data in the multi-aerial transmission system, and wherein these data can comprise the stream of OFDM (OFDMA) symbol, OFDM (OFDM) symbol etc.Yet,, stride Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of space-time-frequencies (STF) sign indicating number subsequently many data encoded regardless of type of data.Thus, many data are encoded as one or more STF sign indicating number that makes in the frequency dimension and are different from one or more other STF sign indicating number in the frequency dimension.For example, can encode to many data based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers that comprise matrix separately, this matrix comprises multirow and multiple row, and wherein these row are striden the expansion of time dimension and frequency dimension and these row are striden Spatial Dimension and expanded.In such instance, one or more STF sign indicating number can owing to two row in one or more other STF sign indicating number or more the exchange of multirow be different from this one or more other STF sign indicating numbers.

Frequency dimension can comprise a plurality of frequency bins.In such instance, many data can be encoded as and make a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.Same in such instance, many data can be encoded as and further make and be used at least some STF sign indicating number of corresponding many one or more frequency bins of group in one or more frequency bin interior span time domains expansion of corresponding many groups.

This method can be arranged to the transmission system with four antennas.In such instance, can encode to many data based at least three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of one or more frequency bins in the frequency domain.For example under ratio is one coding situation, can be based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Many data are encoded:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="A"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of corresponding many data.Alternatively, for example under ratio is two coding situation, can be based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Many data are encoded:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of corresponding many data.

According to other illustrative aspects of the present invention; Provide a kind of many antenna transmission communication entity and a kind of computer program to be used for data are carried out space-time-frequency encoding, a kind of many antennas received communication entity, method and computer program product that is used for the data the data that receive such as striding wireless network are carried out space-time-frequency decoding is the same as providing.As implied above be described below, the entity of exemplary embodiment of the present, method and computer program product can carry out coding/decoding to data through the diversity gain and the mode of coding gain that increase simultaneously in the communication system.These entities, method and computer program product have strengthened the performance of communication system compared to conventional system.Like this, the entity of exemplary embodiment of the present, method and computer program product can solve the problem that prior art faces and/or additional advantage is provided.

Description of drawings

Described the present invention in this way with general term, will carry out reference to accompanying drawing now, these accompanying drawings may not be drawn to scale, and in these accompanying drawings:

Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram that illustrates the wireless communication system that comprises the terminal according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the functional block diagram of many antenna transmission entity of the wireless communication system of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the functional block diagram of single antenna receiving entity of the wireless communication system of Fig. 1 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 illustrates the STF coding that utilizes space-time-frequency (STF) sign indicating number matrix A that the symbols streams of input is carried out;

Fig. 5 illustrates and utilizes the cyclic space-T/F (STF) sign indicating number matrix A according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention _kThe STF that the symbols streams of input is carried out encodes;

Fig. 6 is a curve chart, this figure compared utilize according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention matrix A to symbols streams carry out ratio be one coding the single output of many inputs (MISO) systems with 4 antennas with utilize with circular matrix A _kSymbols streams is carried out the frame error ratio (FER) that ratio is the MISO system of one coding; And

Fig. 7 is a curve chart, this figure compared utilize according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention matrix B to symbols streams carry out ratio be two coding the MISO system with 4 antennas with utilize circular matrix B _kSymbols streams is carried out the frame error ratio (FER) that ratio is the MISO system of two coding.

Embodiment

To the present invention more fully be described with reference to the accompanying drawing that wherein shows the preferred embodiment of the present invention now.Yet the present invention can use many multi-form enforcements, and is not to be understood that the embodiment that sets forth for being limited to here; In fact these embodiment are provided will be thorough and complete for the disclosure, and will fully pass on scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.Similar label refers to similar unit in the whole text.

With reference to Fig. 1, provide for the diagram that comprises one type of wireless communication system 10 at the terminal 12 that from the present invention, is benefited.Be described below, this terminal can comprise mobile phone.Yet should be appreciated that such mobile phone only explained the Terminal Type that will from the present invention, be benefited, therefore not should be understood to restriction scope of the present invention.Although for example purposes and diagram and will be described below several embodiment at this terminal, also can easily utilize the present invention such as the terminal of other such type of the voice of portable (PDA), beep-pager, laptop computer and other type and text communication system.In addition, system and method for the present invention is described in combination for main and mobile communication application.Yet should be appreciated that and within mobile communications industry and beyond mobile communications industry, to use the system and method that utilizes the embodiment of the invention in combination with various other.

Communication system 10 is through providing the radio communication between this two at the radio link that forms between two communication stations such such as base station (BS) 14 and terminal 12.The terminal be configured in order to receive and send signal with comprise shown in a plurality of base stations of base station communicate.Communication system can be configured in order to operate according to one or more spread spectrum communication in a plurality of dissimilar spread spectrum communications, perhaps more particularly, operates according to one or more agreement in a plurality of dissimilar spread spectrum communication protocols.More particularly, communication system can be configured in order to operate according to any agreement in a plurality of 1G, 2G, 2.5G and/or the 3G communication protocol etc.For example, communication system can be configured in order to operate according to 2G wireless communication protocol IS-95 (CDMA) and/or cdma 2000.And for example, communication system can be configured in order to basis and operate such as the such 3G wireless communication protocol of universal mobile telephone system (UMTS) that utilizes WCDMA (WCDMA) radio access technologies.For another example, communication system can be configured in order to basis and operate such as 1x-EVDO (TIA/EIA/IS-856) and/or the such enhancement mode 3G wireless communication protocol of 1X-EVDV.In the radio system that operates in other type that should be appreciated that the embodiment of the invention and other communication system also is similarly possible.Therefore; Although following description will be described the operation of the embodiment of the invention to aforementioned wireless communication protocol, can come to describe similarly the operation of the embodiment of the invention and not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention to any agreement in the wireless communication protocol of various other types.

Base station controller (BSC) 16 is coupled in base station 14.And base station controller is coupled to mobile main dispatching centre (MSC) 18.MSC is coupled to network backbone, is PSTN (PSTN) 20 here.Communication node (CN) 22 is coupled to PSTN again.Can be by PSTN, MSC, BSC and base station and the radio link that between base station and terminal, forms, thus between communication node and terminal 12, form communication path.Between CN and terminal, can realize communicating by letter of speech data and non-speech data thus.Shown in exemplary enforcement in, the base station limits the sub-district, and many cell sites in the location, spaced positions place that is dispersed throughout the geographic area to limit a plurality of sub-districts, radio communication can be carried out with the association base station that is communicated with it in the terminal in any sub-district.

Terminal 12 comprises the various devices that are used to carry out one or more function according to an exemplary embodiment of the present, comprises that those special show and describe at this.Yet should be appreciated that the terminal can comprise is used to carry out the option means of one or more similar functions and does not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.More particularly; For example as shown in fig. 1; Except that one or more antenna 24, the terminal of one embodiment of the invention can comprise transmitter 26, receiver 28 and controller 30 or signal is provided and receive other processor of signal from receiver to transmitter respectively.These signals comprise the signaling information according to one or more communication protocol of wireless communication system, and also comprise the data that voiceband user and/or user generate.Thus, the terminal can be according to communicating by letter such as one or more agreement in a plurality of different wireless communication agreements of above-mentioned that kind.Though not shown, also can communicate by letter according to one or more wired and/or wireless internetworking in the terminal.More particularly, for example can communicate by letter according to Local Area Network, metropolitan area network (MAN) and/or the wired internetworking of wide area network (WAN) (for example internet) in the terminal.In addition or replace, for example can communicate by letter according to comprising such as such WLAN (WLAN) technology of IEEE 802.11 and/or such as IEEE 802.16 so wireless internetworkings such as WiMax technology in the terminal.

Understand that controller 30 comprises audio-frequency function and the required circuit of logic function of implementing terminal 12.For example, controller can comprise digital signal processor device, micro processor device and/or various AD converter, digital-to-analog converter and other support circuit.Control and signal processing function according to respective capabilities distributing terminals between them of these equipment.Controller can also comprise internal voice coder (VC) 30a, and can comprise internal data modem (DM) 30b.In addition, controller can comprise the function (being described below) that can be stored in one or more software application in the memory in order to operation.

Terminal 12 also can comprise user interface, and this user interface comprises conventional earphone or loud speaker 32, ringer 34, microphone 36, display 38 and the user's input interface that all is coupled to controller 18.The user's input interface that allows the terminal to receive data can comprise any equipment in the many equipment that allow the terminal to receive data, such as keypad 40, touch display (not shown) or other input equipment.In comprising the embodiment of keypad, this keypad comprises conventional numerical key (0-9) and relative keys (#, *) and other key that is used for operating terminal.Though not shown, the terminal can comprise one or more device (not shown) that is used for sharing and/or obtaining data.

In addition, terminal 12 can comprise the memory of the information element that common storage is relevant with mobile subscriber, such as subscriber identity module (SIM) 42, removable user identity module (R-UIM) etc.Except that SIM, the terminal can comprise other removable and/or read-only storage.Thus, the terminal can comprise volatile memory 44, such as volatile random access memory (RAM), comprises the cache memory section that is used for the interim storage of data.The terminal also can comprise can be embedded and/or can be other nonvolatile memory 46 of removable formula.In addition perhaps replace, nonvolatile memory also comprises EEPROM, flash memory etc.Memory can be stored by the terminal and be used for implementing any one in many software application, the instruction of termination function, many information and the data.

From description to the network of the system that comprises terminal 12, BS 14, BSC 16, MSC 18 and CN 22; Should be appreciated that can be by oneself or under the control of computer program, implement the unit of corresponding entity through many various devices such as hardware and/or firmware.Generally speaking, so network entity can comprise one or more logical block of the various functions that are used to implement one of corresponding entity.As what will recognize, logical block can be implemented with any way in many different modes.Thus, can in comprising the integrated circuit package of one or more integrated circuit, implement the logical block in order to the function of carrying out corresponding entity, wherein this integrated circuit package and corresponding entity are integrated or otherwise communicate with it.The design of integrated circuit mainly realizes through supermatic technology.Thus, complicated and powerful Software tool can be used for design with logic level convert to ready will be on Semiconductor substrate the semiconductor circuit design of etching and formation. The Software tool that Cadence Design provided of company and san jose use set up good design rule and huge prestore the design module storehouse on semiconductor chip automatically as the conductor layout circuit be positioning parts.In case accomplished design for semiconductor circuit, the design of the gained of standardized electronic form (for example Opus, GDSII etc.) can send to the semiconductor fabrication facility perhaps " fab " for making.

Now Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are carried out reference, it illustrates the functional block diagram of the system 10 of Fig. 1 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.More particularly, Fig. 2 illustrates the functional block diagram of the multi-antenna transmission system that comprises sending entity 50 (for example the base station 14).As shown in Figure 3, system shown in operates as the single output of many inputs (MISO) communication system that also comprises single antenna receiving entity 60 (for example the terminal 12)., the system that should be appreciated that exemplary embodiment of the present do not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention yet can operating equally in other configuration.It is also understood that sending entity and receiving entity can be implemented into through radio interface transmits in any transmission system in dissimilar transmission system coding or uncoded Digital Transmission, many.

Shown in the MISO communication system 10; Sending entity 50 comprises MI SO transmitter, and this transmitter has space-time-frequency (STF) encoder 52, spread spectrum, filtering and modulation (SFM) piece 54 and n transmitting antenna 56 (being expressed as four transmitting antennas of antenna 56a-56d).In sending entity, transmitter receives the symbols streams x (t) of input, such as OFDM (OFDMA) symbols streams of input, OFDM (OFDM) symbols streams of input etc.For n antenna transmission entity, the STF encoder can receiving symbol stream x (t).Thus; Symbols streams can comprise any data in many data of many differences, and these data for example comprise from the symbol through obtaining the interleaving data of encoding such as channel encoders such as convolution coder, Turbo encoder, LPDC (low-density parity check) encoders.Regardless of the definite character of the symbols streams that receives, the STF encoder can both according to based on the STF technology of a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers to every n symbol x (1), x (2) ... x (n) encodes, and this point has explanation hereinafter.The coded identification of symbols streams is come filtering and modulation through the SFM piece then and is sent through n antenna.

At receiving entity 60 places, this receiving entity comprises receiver, and this receiver has reception antenna 62, filtering, despread accent (FDD) piece 64 and STF decoder 66.Reception antenna receives the data of sending from sending entity 50 and transmits these data to the FDD piece, and this FDD piece carries out filtering to data and is demodulated to the expression from the encoded symbol streams of sending entity.The STF decoder then can such as with the STF encoder to the identical mode of the mode of encoding symbols of the symbols streams of input, with minimize send signal with receive modes such as Hamming distance between the signal, Euclidean distance, based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers to from every n the symbol x (1) that representes according to the technological coded identification of STF, x (2) ... x (n) decodes.

Described in the background technology part, send diversity technique according to Alamouti, in the gap, the transmitter with two antennas is encoded to symbols streams according to 2 * 2 Alamouti sign indicating numbers or matrix when the duration is two symbol periods.What be used for that the transmission of conventional letter in the cycle divide collection is called as " space-time branch block code " such as this matrix of 2 * 2 Alamouti matrixes.Send diversity technique according to another; The space-frequency technology depends on through following mode and strides the space and frequency is encoded: symbols streams is divided into several parallel symbols stream, and each stream in these streams is modulated on the subcarrier at cross frequence place or separate carrier or at each stream of cross frequence storehouse internal modulation.Be called the combination of more odd encoder technology through on time and frequency, between transmitting antenna, providing space-time coding and space-frequency to encode of space-time-frequency encoding technology to encoding symbols.

As what will recognize, based on the space-time-frequency encoding technology symbol stream being encoded maybe be different because of the coding ratio of symbol stream.So will be one, two and four to describe exemplary embodiment of the present invention to encoding rate.Yet should be appreciated that exemplary embodiment of the present invention also to go for other encoding rate and do not break away from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

A. ratio is one coding

As shown in Figure 4, according to space-time-frequency encoding technology, before proposed STF encoder 52 and be one STF sign indicating number the symbols streams of sending entity 50 with four antenna 56a-56d had been encoded according to following ratio:

$A=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\end{array}\right]$

As implied above, two groups of continuation columns of this yard are crossed over two frequency sub-carrier (perhaps frequency bin) on two symbols of the symbols streams of input, gap when wherein the row in each group are crossed over two.As implied above in addition, the row in this yard is crossed over the antenna 56a-56d of sending entity 50.Then on time dimension and frequency dimension when how right gap and frequency sub-carrier come repetition STF sign indicating number matrix A.If do not consider coding, then sign indicating number A has second-order diverse.Yet utilize coding fully, sign indicating number A can reach fourth-order order diversity, and this point combines exemplary embodiment of the present invention that explanation is arranged hereinafter.

Two symbols the time gap and frequency on signal model can be expressed as follows with matrix form:

y＝A ^Th+n

H=[h wherein ₁, h ₂, h ₃, h ₄] represent frequency-flat channel coefficient, A ^TRepresent a sign indicating number matrix transpose, and n to represent every dimension (space, time, frequency) variance be N ₀The column vector formed of additive gaussian white noise (AWGN) noise samples.Suppose that STF decoder 66 carries out maximum likelihood degree (ML) decoding, pursuing of 4 antenna code can as followsly have the upper bound to error probability in the awgn channel:

$P(c\&RightArrow;e)\&le;E\left[Q\left(\sqrt{\frac{h^H\mathrm{Dh}}{N_0}}\right)\right]$

Wherein come carry out desired computing E through channel statistical.Diagonal matrix D comprises that along the error event path each channel coefficients is being seen equidistant such as Hamming distance, Euclidean distance.Owing to have quadrature STF sign indicating number, so D=diag [d ₁, d ₂, d ₃, d ₄] diagonal entries occur in pairs.In other words, among four STF symbols, symbol is owing to space-time branch block code coding experiences same channel in pairs.

The order of D is depended on the Fen Ji rank that are used for 4 antenna code.Minimizing of second-order diverse guaranteed in the existence of space-time block encoding.Full fourth-order order diversity needs powerful channel code.Ratio is that 1/2 Binary Convolutional Code can be realized such fourth-order order diversity.

As what will recognize, through the maximization D mark (promptly $d_{\mathrm{Max}}^H=\mathrm{Max}\mathrm{Trace}\left[D\right]-H$ (expression Hamming distance)) and guarantee that D approaches the diagonal entries of equality, gain of the diversity gain of sign indicating number shown in can maximizing and coding gain.Thus, through d is set ₁And d ₂Be equal to each other (is d ₁=d ₂) can divide collection and coding gain to sending entity 50 maximums with 4 antennas.In practice, usually be difficult to be directed against the sign indicating number that all error event designs have equidistant (for example Hamming distance, Euclidean distance etc.).Condition d ₁≠ d ₂Mean that minimizing promptly is a coding gain, and particularly at d ₁With d ₂Between exist and big possibly cause the heavy losses in the system when uneven.

According to exemplary embodiment of the present invention,, maximize coding gain thus so STF encoder 52 can be encoded to symbols streams with the unbalanced mode between the diagonal entries that reduces D.More particularly; The STF encoder of exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers to encoding such as many data in the symbols streams; Thereby at least one the STF sign indicating number in the frequency dimension is different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the frequency dimension, as shown in Figure 5.Thus, for the sending entity with 4 antennas 50, the STF encoder can be that one STF sign indicating number is encoded to symbols streams according to following ratio:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="A"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">A</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data (for example symbol), and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of corresponding many data (for example symbol).

Matrix A ₁Can (but be not must) corresponding to the previous matrix A that proposes.The second and the 3rd matrix A ₂, A ₃So can form in the following manner: switch perhaps switching matrix A otherwise ₁Perhaps matrix A ₂And A ₃In another matrix at least two row, thereby all matrixes all pass through at least two capable exchanges and difference.That is to say, can pass through switching matrix A ₁In second the row and the third line form matrix A ₂(perhaps vice versa), and can pass through switching matrix A ₂In the third line and fourth line form matrix A ₃Yet should be appreciated that any matrix in three matrixes can form through exchanging the row of two in any other matrix at least.

As shown in Figure 5, according to exemplary embodiment of the present invention, STF encoder 52 can be according to above-mentioned STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Symbols streams to sending entity 50 with four antenna 56a-56d is encoded.As shown in the figure, with the same under the situation of symbols streams being encoded with matrix A, two groups of continuation columns of sign indicating number are crossed over two frequency sub-carrier (perhaps frequency bin) on two symbols, gap when wherein the row in each group are crossed over two.In addition, the row in the sign indicating number is crossed over the antenna of sending entity.Then can be on time dimension to many to the time gap come repetition STF sign indicating number matrix.Yet, comprise frequency sub-carrier numbering f=1,2 ... in the frequency dimension of FFT, matrix can in turn cycle through many at least one frequency sub-carrier of group and more generally through many at least one pair of frequency sub-carrier of group in frequency dimension.Thereby, matrix can the frequency sub-carrier in one group of subcarrier on carry out repetition, be recycled to next matrix then to next group subcarrier, and the rest may be inferred.

The number N of the frequency sub-carrier in the group that matrix circulates above that _cCan be provided with any way in many different modes, as being two (to be N for example through the number that subcarrier is set _c=2).In such instance, to preceding N _cNumber of sub-carrier (be f=1 ... N _c) come repetition first matrix A ₁, after this this matrix is recycled to and is directed against next N _cNumber of sub-carrier (is f=N _c+ 1 ... 2N _c) matrix A ₂, be recycled to then to follow-up N _cNumber of sub-carrier (is f=2N _c+ 1 ... 3N _c) matrix A ₃Matrix is circulated back to first matrix A then ₁And repeat.Generally speaking, to given sub-carrier frequencies numbering f=1,2 ... the matrix A of FFT _kCan be expressed as as follows:

$k\left(f\right)=\mathrm{mod}(\mathrm{floor}\left(\frac{f}{N_c}\right),3)+1$

As implied above, for cyclic code A ₁, A ₂And A ₃By error probability is adopted following form:

$P(c\&RightArrow;e)\&le;E\left[Q\left(\sqrt{\frac{h^H\mathrm{\&Lambda;h}}{N_o}}\right)\right]$

Wherein Λ represents the diagonal matrix with clauses and subclauses, $\mathrm{\&Lambda;}=\mathrm{Diag}[{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{d}}_1,{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{d}}_2,{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{d}}_3,{\stackrel{\&OverBar;}{d}}_4].$ Different with the acyclic situation with diagonal matrix D, Λ comprises different diagonal entries now, and more preferably approaches equidistant standard (promptly ${\tilde{d}}_1={\tilde{d}}_2$ ), the increase of coding gain is provided thus.Strengthen the property for what better exemplary embodiment of the present is described and is realized, consider the curve chart of Fig. 6.Thus, Fig. 6 compared all with regard to walking B channel, ratio be 1/2 convolution code, comprise with regard to the symbols streams of QPSK (QPSK) modulation the MISO system with 4 antennas of the STF encoder 52 of symbols streams being encoded with matrix A identical with another with circular matrix A _kThe frame error ratio (FER) of the STF encoder that symbols streams is encoded.As shown in the figure, with circular matrix A _kTo symbols streams encode can obtain with matrix A symbols streams is encoded above such as on to 0.7dB or more coding gain.Also can show similar gain for other modulating mode with coding mode.

As understandable, exemplary embodiment of the present invention equally applicable to the sending entity 50 of the antenna with different numbers 56, be applicable to the different coding ratio and/or be applicable to the matrix A of different sizes _kFor example, exemplary embodiment of the present invention equally can be such as to be applicable to the sending entity with three antenna 56a-56c with similar mode mentioned above.

And for example, exemplary embodiment of the present invention goes for having six perhaps sending entities 50 of eight antennas 56 equally.Thus, for the sending entity with 6 antennas, STF encoder 52 can be that one STF sign indicating number is encoded to symbols streams according to following ratio:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$

$A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$

$A_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

As implied above, can pass through switching matrix A ₁In second the row and the third line form matrix A ₂(perhaps vice versa) can be passed through switching matrix A ₂In the third line and fourth line form matrix A ₃, can pass through switching matrix A ₃In fourth line and fifth line form matrix A ₄, and can pass through switching matrix A ₄In fifth line and the 6th row form matrix A ₅Generally speaking, can be from initial or first matrix A ₁Beginning is through exchanging last matrix A _K-1In capable and (k+1) row of k form matrix A _kYet should be noted that the row in the matrix can exchange with any pattern in many other patterns to form follow-up matrix.Therefore, the STF encoder that has a sending entity of 8 antennas can be 1 STF sign indicating number A according to following ratio ₁Symbols streams is encoded, can derive other STF sign indicating number A according to this sign indicating number ₂-A ₇:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& 0& 0& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& S_7& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& 0& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\end{array}\right]$

Should be appreciated that the STF encoder 52 of the sending entity 50 with 5 or 7 antennas 56 can be respectively derives the STF sign indicating number according to these STF sign indicating numbers to the sending entity with 6 or 8 antennas.The row that multirow in the matrix of sending entity that more particularly, can be through antenna being increased (for example 6 or 8 antennas) is coupled and will be coupled is distributed to the same antenna that antenna reduces the sending entity of (5 perhaps 7 antennas) and is derived the STF sign indicating number.The row of coupling can be regarded as single file then and be used for the row exchange so that derive the matrix that is used for antenna.

B. ratio is two coding

Be similar to ratio and be one coding situation, before proposed STF encoder 52 and be two STF sign indicating number the symbols streams of sending entity 50 with four antenna 56a-56d is encoded according to following ratio:

$B=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\end{array}\right]$

As implied above, two groups of continuation columns of this yard are crossed over two frequency sub-carrier (perhaps frequency bin) on two symbols, gap when wherein the row in each group are crossed over two.As implied above in addition, the row in this yard is crossed over the antenna 56a-56d of sending entity 50.Similar with preamble and contrast with conventional coding techniques; The STF encoder of exemplary embodiment of the present invention can be based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers to encoding such as many data in the symbols streams, thereby at least one the STF sign indicating number in the frequency dimension is different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the frequency dimension.Thus, for the sending entity with 4 antennas 50, the STF encoder can be that two STF sign indicating number is encoded to symbols streams according to following ratio:.

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_3& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& {-\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ ${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

Matrix B ₁Can (but need not) corresponding to the previous matrix B that proposes.Second to the 6th matrix B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆So can form in the following manner: switch perhaps switching matrix B otherwise ₁Perhaps matrix B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆In at least two row in one of other matrix, thereby all matrixes are all because of the exchange difference of at least two row.Yet, with circulation A _kThe same under the situation of matrix, should be appreciated that six matrix B _kIn any one matrix can form through exchanging at least two in any other matrix row.

Also with circulation A _kThe situation of matrix is similar, and STF encoder 52 can be according to above-mentioned STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Symbols streams to sending entity 50 with four antenna 56a-56d is encoded.The same with preamble, two groups of continuation columns of sign indicating number are crossed over two frequency sub-carrier (perhaps frequency bin) on two symbols, gap when wherein the row in each group are crossed over two.In addition, the row in the sign indicating number is crossed over the antenna of sending entity.Then can be on time dimension to many to the time gap come repetition STF sign indicating number matrix.Yet, comprise frequency sub-carrier numbering f=1,2 ... in the frequency dimension of FFT, matrix can in turn cycle through many at least one frequency sub-carrier of group and more generally through many at least one pair of frequency sub-carrier of group in frequency dimension.Thereby, matrix can the frequency sub-carrier in one group of subcarrier on carry out repetition, be recycled to next matrix then to next group subcarrier, and the rest may be inferred.

The number N of the frequency sub-carrier in the group that circulates of matrix above that _cCan be provided with any way in many different modes, as being two (to be N for example through the number that subcarrier is set _c=2).In such instance, to preceding N _cNumber of sub-carrier (be f=1 ... N _c) come repetition first matrix B ₁, after this this matrix is recycled to and is directed against next N _cNumber of sub-carrier (is f=N _c+ 1 ... 2N _c) matrix B ₂, be recycled to then to follow-up N _cNumber of sub-carrier (is f=2N _c+ 1 ... 3N _c) matrix B ₃Matrix continues circulation until matrix B ₆, be circulated back to first matrix B then ₁And repeat.Generally speaking, to given sub-carrier frequencies numbering f=1,2 ... the matrix B of FFT _kCan be expressed as as follows:

$k\left(f\right)=\mathrm{mod}(\mathrm{floor}\left(\frac{f}{N_c}\right),6)+1$

For with regard to ratio be the explanation of two better off ground exemplary embodiment of the present realized strengthens the property, consider the curve chart of Fig. 7.Similar with Fig. 6, Fig. 7 has compared all with regard to the walking A channel, the ratio that use linear minimum average B configuration square error (LMMSE) receiving entity 60 and is 1/2 convolution code, comprises the MISO system with 4 antennas of the STF encoder 52 of symbols streams being encoded with matrix B with regard to the symbols streams of QPSK (QPSK) modulation and with circular matrix B _kThe frame error ratio (FER) of the STF encoder 52 that symbols streams is encoded.As shown in the figure, with circular matrix B _kTo symbols streams encode can obtain with matrix B symbols streams is encoded above such as on to 1.0dB or more coding gain.Also can show similar gain for other modulating mode with coding mode.

With ratio is the same under one the situation, exemplary embodiment of the present invention equally applicable to the sending entity 50 of the antenna with different numbers 56, be applicable to the different coding ratio and/or be applicable to the matrix B of different sizes _kFor example, exemplary embodiment of the present invention goes for 4 * 6 circular matrix B equally _k, B wherein ₁Can be expressed as as follows:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccccc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}& S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}& S_9& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="12"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{12}^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}& S_6& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}& S_{10}& -S_{11}^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}& S_7& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}& S_{11}& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="10"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000011.png,H05840789220070530E000051.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_{10}^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}& S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}& S_{12}& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="9"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_9^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And can therefrom derive other matrix B ₂-B ₆In such instance, three pairs of continuation columns of this yard are crossed over three frequency sub-carrier (perhaps frequency bin) on two symbols, gap when wherein the row in each group are crossed over two.In addition, the row in this yard is crossed over the antenna 56a-56d of sending entity 50.Alternatively, six are listed on the symbol and can cross over six frequency sub-carrier, perhaps on six symbols, can cross over a number of sub-carrier.

C. ratio is the coding of four (with three)

For example be four, have for the coding situation of 8 antennas 56, according to a following STF sign indicating number matrix B for ratio ₁Can derive circular matrix B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅, B ₆And B ₇:

${\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="B"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">B</figure-callout>}}_1=\left[\begin{array}{cc}{S}_1& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_2^{*}\\ S_2& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000041.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_1^{*}\\ S_3& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="4"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000031.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_4^{*}\\ S_4& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="3"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_3^{*}\\ S_5& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="6"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_6^{*}\\ S_6& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_5^{*}\\ S_7& -{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="8"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_8^{*}\\ S_8& {\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="7"\; label="S"\; filenames="H05840789220070530E000051.png,H05840789220070530E000061.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">S</figure-callout>}}_7^{*}\end{array}\right]$

Can use many different modes, such as with the described mode of preceding text, according to matrix B ₁Can derivational matrix B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅, B ₆And B ₇In any case derivational matrix B _kSo the STF encoder 52 with sending entity 50 of 8 antennas can use that those matrixes are such as stated encodes to the symbols streams of input in a looping fashion in frequency domain.In such instance, the row in the matrix can be mapped to the antenna of sending entity, and row can be mapped to different incoming symbols or different subcarriers.

Also should be noted that according to being used for the STF sign indicating number matrix B that ratio is four these situation _kCan derive and be used for the STF sign indicating number matrix B that ratio is three these situation _kIn such instance, be four matrix B through only considering ratio _kIn eight the row among six row can derivational matrix B _k

According to one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, can be by oneself and/or under the control of one or more computer program, carry out the performed function of one or more entity (like terminal 12, BS 14, BSC 16, MSC 18 and/or CN 22) in the entity of this system through various devices such as hardware and/or firmware.One or more computer program that is used to carry out one or more function of the embodiment of the invention comprises such as such at least one computer-readable recording medium of non-volatile memory medium and comprises following software, this software be included in implement in this computer-readable recording medium such as the such computer readable program code part of a succession of computer instruction.

Thus, Fig. 5 is the control flows block diagram of method, system and program product according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Will appreciate that the combination of the piece in each piece in the control flows block diagram or step and the control flows block diagram can and/or comprise that the software of one or more computer program instructions implements through various devices such as hardware, firmware.As what will recognize; Any such computer program instructions can be loaded into computer or other programmable device (being hardware) and go up to produce machine, the device of function that makes the instruction of on computer or other programmable device, carrying out create to be used for one or more of being implemented in the control flows block diagram or one or more step appointments.These computer program instructions also can be stored in the computer-readable memory; This memory can guide computer or other programmable device with ad hoc fashion work; Make in computer-readable memory instructions stored produce such manufacturing a product, this manufactures a product and comprises the command device of the function of appointment in one or more of being implemented in the control flows block diagram or the one or more steps.Thereby computer program instructions also can be loaded on computer or other programmable device and produce computer-implemented process so that a succession of operating procedure is able on computer or other programmable device, carry out, and makes the instruction of on computer or other programmable device, carrying out be provided for being implemented in the step of the function of appointment in one or more of the controller chassis flow graph or the one or more steps.

Thereby, the piece of control flows block diagram or step support be used to carry out the device of appointed function combination, be used to carry out combination and the program instruction means that is used to carry out appointed function of the step of appointed function.The combination that it will also be appreciated that each piece or piece in step and the control flows block diagram or step in the control flows block diagram can be implemented (function or steps that these computer systems are carried out appointments) through the hardware based computer system of special use or implement through the combination of specialized hardware and computer instruction.

Benefit from the instruction that appears in description and the associated drawings in front, many modifications of the present invention will be expected for the technical staff in the field involved in the present invention with other embodiment.Therefore it should be understood that to the invention is not restricted to disclosed specific embodiment, be intended to covered within the scope of appended claims and revise with other embodiment.Although utilized concrete term here, they only are on versatility and descriptive meaning, to use, rather than are used for restrictive purpose.

Claims (36)

1. multi-antenna communication entity comprises:

Space-time-frequency STF unit can be handled the stream of many data,

Wherein said STF unit can be striden Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers said many data are encoded; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row; Said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are encoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

2. multi-antenna communication entity according to claim 1; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said STF unit can encode to said many data, makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

3. multi-antenna communication entity according to claim 2; Can encode to said many data in wherein said STF unit, further make that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

4. multi-antenna communication entity according to claim 2; Be applicable to four antennas, wherein said STF unit can come said many data are encoded based at least three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain.

5. multi-antenna communication entity according to claim 4, wherein said STF unit can be based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are encoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

6. multi-antenna communication entity according to claim 4, wherein said STF unit can be based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are encoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

7. network entity in multi-aerial transmission system, said entity comprises:

Space-time-frequency STF unit can be handled the stream of many data,

Wherein said STF unit can be striden Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of STF sign indicating numbers said many data are decoded; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row; Said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are decoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

8. network entity according to claim 7; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said STF unit can decode to said many data, makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

9. network entity according to claim 8; Can decode to said many data in wherein said STF unit, further make that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

10. network entity according to claim 8; Be applicable to the transmission system with four antennas, wherein said STF unit can come said many data are decoded based at least three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain.

11. network entity according to claim 10, wherein said STF unit can be based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are decoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

12. network entity according to claim 10, wherein said STF unit can be based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are decoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$

$B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

13. one kind is carried out the method for space-time-frequency encoding to many data, said method comprises:

In multi-aerial transmission system, receive the stream of many data; And,

Striding Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of space-times-frequency STF sign indicating number encodes to said many data; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row; Said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are encoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

14. method according to claim 13; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said coding step comprises said many data encoded, and makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

15. method according to claim 14; Wherein said coding step comprises encodes to said many data, further makes that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

16. method according to claim 14, wherein said receiving step are included in the stream that receives many data in the transmission system with four antennas, and

Wherein said coding step comprises based on three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain coming said many data are encoded at least.

17. method according to claim 16, wherein said coding step comprise based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are encoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said corresponding many data respectively.

18. method according to claim 16, wherein said coding step comprise based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are encoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

19. the method that many data are carried out space-time-frequency decoding, said method comprises:

In multi-aerial transmission system, receive the stream of many data; And

Striding Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of space-times-frequency STF sign indicating number decodes to said many data; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row; Said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are decoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

20. method according to claim 19; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said decoding step comprises said many data decoded, and makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

21. method according to claim 20; Wherein said decoding step comprises decodes to said many data, further makes that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

22. method according to claim 20, wherein said receiving step are included in the stream that receives many data in the transmission system with four antennas, and

Wherein said decoding step comprises based on three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain coming said many data are decoded at least.

23. method according to claim 22, wherein said decoding step comprise based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are decoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

24. method according to claim 22, wherein said decoding step comprise based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are decoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$

$B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

25. a terminal that is used for many data are carried out space-time-frequency encoding comprises:

First device is used for the stream in many data of multi-aerial transmission system reception; And,

Second device; Being used for striding Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of space-times-frequency STF sign indicating number encodes to said many data; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row, and said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are encoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

26. terminal according to claim 25; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said second device is suitable for said many data are encoded, and makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

27. terminal according to claim 26; Wherein said second device is suitable for said many data are encoded, and further makes that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

28. terminal according to claim 26, wherein said first device are suitable in the transmission system with four antennas, receiving the stream of many data, and

Wherein said second device is suitable for coming said many data are encoded based at least three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain.

29. terminal according to claim 28, wherein said second device are suitable for based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are encoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

30. terminal according to claim 28, wherein said second device are suitable for based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are encoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$

$B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

31. a terminal that is used for many data are carried out space-time-frequency decoding comprises:

First device is used for the stream in many data of multi-aerial transmission system reception; And

Second device; Being used for striding Spatial Dimension, time dimension and frequency dimension based on a plurality of space-times-frequency STF sign indicating number decodes to said many data; Said a plurality of STF sign indicating number comprises matrix separately; Said matrix comprises multirow and multiple row, and said multirow is striden the expansion of said time dimension and frequency dimension and said row are striden said Spatial Dimension expansion, and

Wherein said many data are decoded as at least one the STF sign indicating number that makes in the said frequency dimension and are different from least one other STF sign indicating number in the said frequency dimension, and at least one STF sign indicating number is owing to the exchange of at least two row at least one other STF sign indicating number is different from said other STF sign indicating number.

32. terminal according to claim 31; Wherein said frequency dimension comprises a plurality of frequency bins; And wherein said second device is suitable for said many data are decoded, and makes said a plurality of STF sign indicating number in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the frequency domain.

33. terminal according to claim 32; Wherein said second device is suitable for said many data are decoded, and further makes that being used at least some said STF sign indicating number of said many at least one frequency bins of group strides the time domain expansion at said many at least one frequency bins of group.

34. terminal according to claim 32, wherein said first device are suitable in the transmission system with four antennas, receiving the stream of many data, and

Wherein said second device is suitable for coming said many data are decoded based at least three STF sign indicating numbers that in turn cycle through many groups of at least one frequency bins in the said frequency domain.

35. terminal according to claim 34, wherein said second device are suitable for based on following three STF sign indicating number A ₁, A ₂And A ₃Said many data are decoded:

$A_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& {-S}_4^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $A_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& 0& 0\\ 0& 0& S_3& -S_4^{*}\\ 0& 0& S_4& S_3^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& 0& 0\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃And S ₄Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃And S ^* ₄Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

36. terminal according to claim 34, wherein said second device are suitable for based on following six STF sign indicating number B ₁, B ₂, B ₃, B ₄, B ₅And B ₆Said many data are decoded:

$B_1=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_2=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_3=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_4=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& -S_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_5=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& {-S}_7^{*}\\ S_3& {-S}_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& {-S}_8^{*}\end{array}\right],$ $B_6=\left[\begin{array}{cccc}{S}_1& {-S}_2^{*}& S_5& -S_7^{*}\\ S_4& S_3^{*}& S_8& S_6^{*}\\ S_3& -S_4^{*}& S_7& S_5^{*}\\ S_2& S_1^{*}& S_6& -S_8^{*}\end{array}\right]$

And S wherein ₁, S ₂, S ₃, S ₄, S ₅, S ₆, S ₇And S ₈Represent many data, and S ^* ₁, S ^* ₂, S ^* ₃, S ^* ₄, S ^* ₅, S ^* ₆, S ^* ₇And S ^* ₈Represent the complex conjugate of said many data respectively.

Images