CN101111146B - 含有发酵的大豆食品的动物咀嚼物 - Google Patents
含有发酵的大豆食品的动物咀嚼物 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K20/10—Organic substances
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/20—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by moulding, e.g. making cakes or briquettes
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/25—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by extrusion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S426/00—Food or edible material: processes, compositions, and products
- Y10S426/805—Pet food for dog, cat, bird, or fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有树脂和发酵的大豆的营养动物咀嚼玩具。任选地,该营养制品可以含有酶或辅酶。并且可以通过将树脂与发酵的大豆营养制品在加热铸模机中混合制备该营养动物咀嚼玩具。适合的树脂包括淀粉、热塑性物质、酪蛋白、变性和部分水解的胶原、小麦麸质、生皮、蛋白质及它们的混合物。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请请求于2004年11月22日提交的美国实用新型申请序列号为10/994,524的优先权,其教导在此引入作为参考。
发明领域
本发明涉及狗或猫的动物咀嚼物。更特别地,本发明涉及发酵的大豆在动物咀嚼物中的应用,其独特地富含维生素类和矿物质或者其它添加剂。精选的组合物可以掺入淀粉、酪蛋白、蛋白质/胶体和各种其它底物,或者适合在动物咀嚼物中使用的聚合物树脂类。
背景技术
现已公开了很多有关可消化且有营养的可食用狗咀嚼物的开发情况。因此,可以注意如下示例性的公开:U.S.专利6,586,027″健康咀嚼玩具″;6,180,161″可改变热的可食用狗咀嚼物”;6,159,516″模制可食用淀粉的方法”;6,126,978″可食用的狗咀嚼物″;6,110,521″可塑性小麦和酪蛋白狗咀嚼物″;6,093,441″热塑性的花生狗咀嚼物″;6,093,427″基于蔬菜的狗咀嚼物″;6,086,940″高淀粉含量的狗咀嚼物″;6,067,941″动物咀嚼物″;6,056,991″具有可塑性质地的火鸡和大米狗咀嚼物″;5,941,197″基于胡萝卜的狗咀嚼物″;5,827,565″制备可食用狗咀嚼物的方法″;5,339,771″含有动物膳食的动物咀嚼玩具”;5,240,720″具有可塑性质地的狗咀嚼物″;5,200,212″具有可塑性质地的狗咀嚼物″。还关注于标题为″营养药玩具的专利申请″的U.S.专利6,165,474,以及标题为″淀粉材料和可降解乙烯共聚物的动物咀嚼玩具″的U.S.专利5,419,283。
尽管上述文献确实对动物用的咀嚼产品作出了贡献,但是仍然需要对上述产品进行改进,特别是在递送维生素和/或矿物质方面。特别地,本领域已经认识到维生素对热、光线、氧化剂、极端的pH和其它因素的敏感性。所以为了促进动物的健康护理,需要考虑在狗咀嚼物的加工中损失的这些维生素和/或需要鉴别增强咀嚼物自身营养性的新型补给物。
因此,本发明的一个目的是提供用于动物的富含维生素和矿物质的可模压狗咀嚼玩具,以确保保持动物全面适当的营养需求。另外,本发明的另一个目的是以一种保持维生素功效的形式引入维生素和矿物质。更特别地,本发明的一个目的是将发酵大豆的营养制品和/或酶和辅酶搀入至狗咀嚼玩具中。
发明概述
本发明一方面涉及一种含有树脂和发酵大豆营养物的增强营养动物咀嚼玩具。
本发明另一方面涉及一种制备增强营养的动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其包括混合树脂和发酵大豆的营养制品以形成混合物;将所述混合物导入至加热铸模机中并且加热,该加热铸模机含有供料区、圆筒和出料区,包括多个从储料漏斗区至出料区的加热区;混合;冷却以使该混合形成动物咀嚼物。
本发明另一方面涉及一种含有树脂和发酵的酶或辅酶的增强营养动物咀嚼玩具。
本发明另一方面涉及一种制备增强营养的动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其包括将树脂和发酵的酶或辅酶混合以形成混合物;将所述混合物导入至加热铸模机中并且加热,该加热铸模机含有供料区、圆筒和出料区,包括多个从储料漏斗区至出料区的加热区;混合;且冷却以使该混合物形成动物咀嚼物。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于动物的基于铸模树脂的动物咀嚼玩具,该玩具富含维生素类和矿物质,有助于动物全面营养的需要/要求。更特别地,本发明基于所用的载体,将发酵大豆的营养制品掺入至食用和非食用类型的动物咀嚼物中。在此,营养制品是指向动物施用的任何食品。
从树脂组分起,优选地,树脂选自由淀粉、热塑性物质、酪蛋白、变性的和部分水解的胶原、小麦麸质、生皮、蛋白质及它们的混合物组成的组。本发明使用的淀粉可以包括土豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉及它们的混合物。热塑性聚合物可以包括例如聚酰胺和聚氨酯的聚合物,也可以是乙烯共聚物,例如聚(乙烯丙烯酸)、聚(乙烯乙烯醇)。优选地,树脂组分可以以约60-99%(wt)的水平存在,在此范围内可有所变化。
作为典型实例,例如使用淀粉时,该方法将基于混合淀粉和水以形成一种混合物,以使混合物适合于熔体加工技术。在这一点上,可参考本发明人的美国专利6,159,516,在此引用其技术作为参考。该专利公开了将淀粉制成本发明模制品的一种优选的方法。该方法利用熔体加工技术,并包括混合淀粉和水,其中水含量相对于所述淀粉重量以重量计为20.0-40.0重量%;将所述混合物导入挤出机并加热,其中从所述挤出机排出的所述产品的水含量低于所述产品进入挤出机时的水含量;和将所述产品导入到加热的注射模塑机中,并注射成型和冷却,以形成所述模制品,其中水含量以重量计为20重量%或更低。
因此,针对上述提及的方法,维生素和矿物质中可加入碱基树脂,例如在混合或成形之前加入淀粉,这样同样适用于本文描述的其他方法上。因此值得注意的是,在本发明中,已经独特地认识到维生素和矿物添加剂可以在淀粉混合物中注射成型,而不会使得这些添加剂热降解,这种热降解将会减弱或消除它们的疗效。因此在本发明中,优选发酵大豆的营养制品和/或酶和辅酶加入至淀粉的混合物中。
在一个优选的实施方案中,发酵大豆的营养制品购自Bio Foods,Ltd.,Pine Brook,N.J.和通用商标SOYNATTO,并且优选SOYNATTOF614和F625。优选地,发酵的大豆以约1-40%(wt)之间的水平存在,且树脂(例如,上述提及的淀粉或热塑性物质)以约99-60%(wt)之间的水平存在。该SOYNATTO产品与另外获得的组合物相比,更特别地是期望含有下述物质:
从上可以看出,SOYNATTO产品以发酵的大豆形式提供蛋白质、矿物质和维生素。发酵过程在产品中注入了酿酒酵母。酿酒酵母通常被称为“面包酵母”或“啤酒酵母”,并且更习惯地被认为是存在于面粉或生面团中、产生二氧化碳和乙醇的酵素糖类(ferment sugars)。因此,在本发明的更广义范围内,该动物咀嚼物除了酿酒酵母外,还可以含有一种或多种蛋白质、一种或多种矿物质以及一种或多种维生素。
此外,应该注意这里的SOYANTTO产品含有黄豆黄素、黄豆苷原和7,5,4′-三羟基异黄酮的加强浓聚物,据称其比其他的更为普通的大豆食品源浓度多百分之数百。这些全部属于黄酮类化合物的异黄酮。因为它们是含有***样生物活性的植物衍生的非甾体化合物,所以还可以被划分为植物***。
任选地,在这里动物咀嚼物可以包括酶和/或辅酶,其同样可以例如购自Bio Foods,Ltd.,Pine Brook,N.J.和通用商标BT-CoQ10。据称这些是生物变异(发酵)细胞线粒体辅酶,并且含有辅酶Q10、抗d氧剂、植物营养物和辅助因子的矿物营养物和其他细胞组分。优选地,酶和/或辅酶约含0.1-10%(wt.),并且树脂(例如上述提及的淀粉或热塑性物质)以约99-90%(wt.)的水平存在,在此范围内可有所变化。更优选地,当与发酵的大豆结合时,发酵的大豆可以以约1-40%(wt.)之间存在,酶和/或辅酶可以以0.1-10%(wt.)之间存在,并且树脂(例如上述提及的淀粉或热塑性物质)以约98-50%(wt.)的水平存在,在此范围内可有所变化。
据报道,发酵的辅酶含有属于被称为辅酶Q类化合物的辅酶Q10,它是二氢苯的二酮基衍生物的两种环状结晶化合物C6H4O2异构体中的任一个。据报道,辅酶Q10是起初由机体合成的脂溶性化合物,并且在饮食中被消耗,是线粒体ATP合成所需要的。其还可以在细胞膜和脂蛋白中起到抗氧剂的作用。据报道,辅酶Q10的口服补充会增加血浆、脂蛋白和血管水平。同样,据报道在一些遗传性线粒体疾病的患者中补充辅酶Q10已经产生了临床上和新陈代谢的改善。
据报道,抗氧剂是防止或降低由活性氧类或活性氮类引发损伤的物质。植物营养物或者植物化合物据报道是由植物产生的、且不是必须的必要营养物,但是被认为是对人体健康有益的化合物。植物营养物的常规类别包括类胡萝卜素、黄酮类、包括多酚和萜烯的苯酚类。辅助因子据报道是除酶以外需要存在以催化一些反应的物质。
因此,本发明的模塑咀嚼玩具含有一种或多种那些由AmericanAssociation of Feed Control Officials(AAFCO)推荐给狗使用的维生素。对于狗来说,维生素类可以包括A、E、硫胺、核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸和胆碱。在猫的情况下,维生素类可以包括A、E、硫胺、核黄素、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸、生物素和胆碱。此外,本发明的模塑咀嚼玩具还含有矿物质。对于狗来说,优选的矿物质是钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、铜、锰、锌和硒。
在本发明的一个特别优选的制备动物咀嚼玩具的方法中,首先将淀粉和水混合,其中水含量相对于所述淀粉重量以重量计为20-40%。该混合物被导入至敞开式挤压机(vented barrel extruder)中以形成挤出的珠粒,其中排出的水含量低于所述混合物进入挤出机时的水含量。
然后将所述挤出的珠粒导入到包含模具的加热的注射模塑机中,并注射成型和冷却以形成模制品,其中所述模制品的水含量以总量计为约20%或更低,其中该注射模塑机包含储料器进料部分,圆筒和出口喷嘴,在从储料器部分至所述喷嘴间的圆筒上包括多个加热区,从料斗送料区延伸至所述出料区包括多个加热区。其中将所述加热区设定在如下温度范围内:1区:为约70°F或低于约70°F;2区:为约150°F或低于约150°F;3区:为约300°F或低于约300°F;4区:为约375°F或低于约375°F,且熔融混合和模塑并冷却以形成所述咀嚼玩具,其中所述咀嚼玩具的水含量相对于树脂在5%和20%之间,所以在那里混合的所述发酵大豆营养制品的一部分或者酶和/或辅酶不会被所述模塑热降解。
作为另一个典型实例,在淀粉的情况下,例如在这里的方法依靠混合淀粉和聚酰胺酯以形成一种混合物,这样使该混合物适合于熔体加工技术。在这一点上,可注意本发明人的美国专利6,274,182,引入其技术作为参考,该专利公开了将淀粉制成本发明模制品的一种优选的方法。该方法利用熔体加工技术,并包括混合淀粉和聚酰胺酯,所以伴随着聚酰胺酯的离散区域,淀粉变为连续区域。聚酰胺酯组分优选地与淀粉组分干燥混合,且然后将该混合物模塑为期望的形状。该聚酰胺酯可以包括脂肪族聚酰胺、脂肪族/芳香族聚酰胺、芳香族聚酰胺及它们的混合物。
如本领域技术人员可以认识到的,注射成型装置是一个优选的混合装置,典型地含有进料斗送料区、圆筒和出料喷嘴,包括多个从储料漏斗区延伸至喷嘴的圆筒中的加热区。依据本发明,已经发现优选地在邻近进料斗第一区将温度保持温度低于约150°F。更优选地,邻近进料斗第一区温度设置在约45-150°F的范围。在一个更优选的实施方案中,即第一区与进料口相邻,且第二区与第一区相邻的情况下,第一区的温度设置在约40-70°F之间,且第二区的温度设置在约70-150°F之间。通过使用放置在所述注射模塑机的圆筒周围的冷却盘管,上述温度曲线可以非常方便地实现,其中所述盘管优选地由铜管制造,并且用循环水冷却。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,使用下面的温度曲线以模塑本发明的组合物:区域4(靠近给料口)=45-70°F;区域3=70-150°F;区域2=150-300°F;区域1=275-375°;喷嘴=275-390°F。另外,内部的套管模具优选地设置为约325-425°F。模具的温度优选地设在35-65°F。
与更加常规的加热在邻近进料漏斗的区域的转动圆筒以融化原料惯例相反,上面提及的温度曲线使得在那些区域冷却圆筒,从而防止过热和聚酰胺酯/淀粉混合物的燃烧。另外,使用此温度曲线不会导致基于聚酰胺酯的组分与淀粉组分混合的彻底熔化。反而,模制的聚酰胺酯/淀粉产品含有分散在连续的淀粉相内的离散聚酰胺酯区域。在本发明的上下文中,可以通过视觉上或者经光学显微镜容易地区分这样离散的聚酰胺酯区域与连续的淀粉相。
如本领域技术人员可以认识到的,该产品可以被铸造成包括骨头、棒、环、圆盘等等任意的各种性状。因此,在很宽的方面,尽管优选注射成型,但是可以考虑任何其他类型的铸模工艺。例如,本发明的聚酰胺酯/淀粉组合物还适合于用压模法和本领域获得的其他热塑加工法。在这一点上,此处的淀粉/聚酰胺酯混合物可以通过挤压工艺而制备。
本发明的另一个实施方案涉及含有变性和部分水解的胶原的咀嚼物。因而本领域的技术人员将认识到胶原包含基本结构单元原胶原,其质量为约285kdal,并且由三个约同样大小的多肽链组成。该链由氨基酸甘氨酸、脯氨酸、羟基脯氨酸和羟基赖氨酸组成。该链组成根据胶原类型而定,即所述胶原蛋白是否衍生自例如皮肤或软骨。任何类型的胶原来源均适合本发明。
变性的胶原是指当胶原经历极端的温度或者酸或碱的条件时,胶原变性和分离成三个多肽链。然后该多肽部分地水解成需要的分子量,并干燥或混合以便用于本发明。
依据本发明,已经发现优选将变性和部分水解的胶原蛋白与另一种树脂混合,所述另一种树脂例如酪蛋白、淀粉、植物性物质、动物粉、花生块/粉或者合成的聚合树脂,合成的聚合树脂例如包括聚酰胺和聚氨酯以及乙烯共聚物的热塑性树脂,其中乙烯共聚物例如聚(乙烯丙烯酸)和/或聚(乙烯乙烯醇)。在这一点上,已发现所述混合物适合在压力下的熔体加工,包括挤出、注射成型和/或压模技术。因此,人们可制备注射成型的、包含变性和部分水解胶原的咀嚼玩具,以及混合了这种胶原和上述各种组分的模制的咀嚼玩具。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,可以将其它类型的组分掺入咀嚼玩具中以增加对动物的吸引力和/或改善模制产品的装饰性外观。例如可以任选地搀入以重量计在0.1-5%水平的芳香剂。优选地,芳香剂可以包括粉末、液体和它们的混合物。还可以掺入以重量计在0.01-10%水平的食品着色剂。更优选地,将天然芳香剂和食品着色剂掺入至混合物中。另外,任选地结合碳酸钙,已发现碳酸钙可以增加由其制备产品的硬度。另外,任选地可以结合润湿剂,例如燕麦纤维,其范围在0.1-5%。
前述说明是为了说明和解释本发明。但是,上下文的说明书不应理解为对在附加权利要求提出的本发明范围的限制。
Claims (12)
1.一种营养动物咀嚼玩具,其含有淀粉树脂和发酵大豆的营养制品,其中发酵大豆营养制品包含40重量%的碳水化合物和37重量%的蛋白质,且其中所述淀粉树脂以60-99重量%的水平存在以及所述发酵大豆营养制品以1-40重量%的水平存在。
2.权利要求1的营养动物咀嚼玩具,其中所述发酵的大豆营养制品以发酵大豆的形式提供蛋白质、矿物质或维生素类。
3.权利要求1的营养动物咀嚼玩具,其中所述发酵大豆的营养制品含有酿酒酵母。
4.权利要求1的营养动物咀嚼玩具,其中所述淀粉树脂选自由土豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉及它们的混合物组成的组。
5.权利要求1的营养动物咀嚼玩具,进一步含有食品着色剂,其中所述食品着色剂基于所述淀粉树脂的重量以0.1重量百分比至5重量百分比存在。
6.权利要求1的营养动物咀嚼玩具,进一步含有芳香剂,其选自由液体芳香剂、粉末芳香剂及它们的混合物组成的组,其中所述芳香剂基于所述淀粉树脂的重量以0.1重量百分比至5.0重量百分比存在。
7.形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,包括:
(a)将淀粉树脂和发酵的大豆营养制品混合以形成混合物,其中发酵大豆营养制品包含40重量%的碳水化合物和37重量%的蛋白质,且其中所述淀粉树脂以60-99重量%混合物的水平存在以及所述发酵大豆营养制品以1-40重量%混合物的水平存在;
(b)将所述淀粉树脂和所述发酵的大豆营养制品导入至加热铸模机中,该加热铸模机含有供料区、圆筒区和出料区,包括多个从储料漏斗区至出料区延伸的加热区;
(c)混合并且加热所述淀粉树脂和所述发酵的大豆营养制品;
(c′)冷却,和
(d)形成动物咀嚼玩具。
8.权利要求7的形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其中所述加热区设置在如下的温度范围:区域1为70°F或更低;区域2为150°F或更低,区域3为300°F或更低且区域4为375°F或更低。
9.权利要求7的形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其中所述的加热铸模机包括注射成型机或挤压机。
10.权利要求7的形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其中所述淀粉树脂进一步含有水,其中所述咀嚼玩具的水含量相对于淀粉树脂的重量以重量计在5%和20%之间。
11.权利要求7的形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其中所述淀粉树脂选自由土豆淀粉、木薯淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉及它们的混合物组成的组。
12.权利要求7的形成营养动物咀嚼玩具的方法,其中所述的咀嚼玩具包括骨头、圆盘、棒或环的形状。
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US10/994,524 US7332188B2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2004-11-22 | Animal chew containing fermented soyfood |
US10/994,524 | 2004-11-22 | ||
PCT/US2005/042380 WO2006058033A2 (en) | 2004-11-22 | 2005-11-22 | Animal chew containing fermented soyfood |
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EP (1) | EP1814805B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN101111146B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005309668B2 (zh) |
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CA2588455C (en) | 2012-05-01 |
US20060110500A1 (en) | 2006-05-25 |
WO2006058033A3 (en) | 2006-11-23 |
EP1814805B1 (en) | 2015-07-15 |
EP1814805A4 (en) | 2009-04-01 |
AU2005309668A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
AU2005309668B2 (en) | 2011-08-04 |
CA2588455A1 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
CN101111146A (zh) | 2008-01-23 |
US7332188B2 (en) | 2008-02-19 |
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WO2006058033A2 (en) | 2006-06-01 |
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