CN101081429B - L, R, C method and device for casing metal section bar such as amorphous, ultracrystallite, micro crystal, etc. - Google Patents

Abstract

The LRC process has one constant temperature and constant pressure working chamber 8 at a temperature of -190 DEG and at a pressure of 1 bar, and one cold source of jetted liquid nitrogen at a temperature of -190 DEG and at a pressure of 1.877 bars, as shown in figure 1. Liquid nitrogen of different injection amounts V are injected out of a liquid nitrogen injector 5 at different injection speeds K onto ferrous or non-ferrous metal section 7 and are intersected with each other at a cross section C shown in figure 2. The ultrathin liquid film injection technology is adopted, wherein the thickness h of a liquid nitrogen injection layer is kept to be 2 mm and the maximal injection speed Kmax is high up to 30m/s. Within a time interval delta tau corresponding to different cooling speeds Vk, metal sections delta m of different lengths are drawn out of the outlet of a self-heating mold 4 through a guide traction mechanism 6 at different continuous casting speeds u. Under the action of liquid nitrogen gasification, delta m liquid metal is rapidly solidified and cooled so as to form non-crystalline, ultracrystallite, microlite and fine crystalline structures. The above process is repeated so as to cast non-crystalline, ultracrystallite, microlite or fine crystalline ferrous or non-ferrous metal section. The present invention describes the heat transfer theory for the LRC process and gives the calculation method, formulae and process of the production parameters.

Description

Shapes such as L, R, C method and apparatus for casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite

Technical field

Technical field of the present invention mainly is the technology that black, non-ferrous metal rapid solidification obtain amorphous, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure, low-temperature working chamber technology and the high jet velocity of low temperature liquid nitrogen, liquid film spraying technique as thin as a wafer, and continuous casting is technological.

Background technology

The strength ratio common metal of amorphous metal is all high, and is more lower slightly than the intensity of metal whisker.Diameter is that the iron whiskers tensile strength of 1.6 μ m reaches 13400MPa, is more than 40 times of commercial Application annealing pure iron.That amorphous metal intensity is the highest at present is F _E80B ₂₀, reach 3630MPa.Amorphous metal has a higher toughness simultaneously high-intensity, can also obtain special physical property, like superconducting characteristic, resistance to chemical corrosion etc.But the Young's modulus of amorphous metal and modulus of shearing are generally low approximately by 30%～40% than crystalline state metal, and Poisson's ratio v is generally higher, about 0.4.The intensity of amorphous metal has strong temperature dependency, near amorphous transition temperature T g, tangible ruckbildung is arranged.Spray liquid Al-Cu alloy to strong cold metal base, cooldown rate reaches 10 ⁶℃/S, obtain crystal grain after solidifying less than 1 μ m, the intensity that obtains than general casting method is high more than 6 times.Thin Jingjing grain is in 1～10 mu m range, and microstructure is very meticulous, and Mechanical Property of Metal is greatly improved. ^{[1]、[2]、[3]}

Obviously, use quick setting method to produce the steel and the non-ferrous metal section bar of the different trades mark of amorphous, crystallite, thin crystalline substance, earth shaking meaning is all arranged for civilian, military, aerospace industry.But, worldwide also have no iron and steel or non-ferrous metal integrated complex can accomplish this point at present.It is following to make this situation main cause:

1 low-temperature receiver is powerful inadequately, the normally empty G&W of low-temperature receiver working media, and operating temperature generally is the atmospheric environment temperature.

Casting methods such as 2 continuous castings, directional solidification are only controlled liquid metal temperature descending fast through liquid-Gu Qu, just use the low speed cooling after solidifying instead.Cause that to solidify the back metal temperature very high, increase along with casting out size, thermal conduction resistance increases, and heat is derived difficulty, and rapid solidification can't be proceeded.

Summary of the invention

Title of the present invention is: shapes such as L, R, C method and apparatus for casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite.

L---represent low temperature.L is first capitalization of Low temperature;

R---represent rapid solidification.R is first capitalization of rapid solidification;

C---representative continuous casting.C is first capitalization of continoues foundry.

Equipment is conticaster and system thereof.The product of L, R, C method and conticaster system is amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape.Just use the method for low temperature, rapid solidification and continuous casting and the section bar of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel and non-ferrous metal that the conticaster system produces the different trades mark, different size thereof.

Form the critical cooling rate V of amorphous, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure _kThe kind and the composition that depend on metal.According to pertinent literature, it is generally acknowledged:

When liquid metal with cooldown rate V _K>=10 ⁷℃/S solidifies, when cooling off, obtains amorphous metal after solidifying.The latent heat L=0 that disengages in the liquid metal solidification process;

When liquid metal with cooldown rate V _KBy greater than 10 ⁴℃/S to 10 ⁶℃/solidify in the S scope, when cooling off, obtain microcrystalline structure's metal after solidifying.Latent heat L ≠ 0 of disengaging in the liquid metal solidification process;

When liquid metal with cooldown rate V _K=10 ⁴℃/S solidifies, when cooling off, obtains fine grained texture's metal after solidifying.Latent heat L ≠ 0 of disengaging in the liquid metal solidification process.

Easy for problem analysis, after metal species and composition are confirmed, can be according to the cooldown rate V that obtains amorphous, crystallite, fine grained texture's metal _KScope is carried out manufacturing parameter calculating, after producing experiment, revises according to result of the test again.

When liquid metal respectively with cooldown rate V _K=10 ⁷℃/S and cooldown rate V _K=10 ⁶℃/S solidifies, when cooling off, obtains amorphous metal and microcrystalline structure's metal after solidifying respectively.If liquid metal is with cooldown rate V _K=10 ⁶℃/S～10 ⁷℃/any interior cooldown rate V of S scope _KSolidify, when cooling off, possibly obtain after solidifying between amorphous and microcrystalline structure, the inventor temporarily is referred to as the metal structure of ultracrystallite.Give their tensile strength of meter and can be higher than the crystallite metal structure, and along with cooldown rate V _KRaising and near amorphous metal.Then can be aspect Young's modulus and modulus of shearing and Poisson's ratio v near the crystallite metal.And there is not temperature dependency in their intensity.Can give and seeing, the ultracrystallite shape will be a kind of comparatively ideal novel metal section bar, and the present invention will pay attention to fully and test, study, the product that exploitation makes new advances.

L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape principle are following: for setting forth conveniently; With the sheet metal is the research instantiation; According to the requirement of producing different metal kinds such as steel, non-ferrous metal, different plates specification and obtaining amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant different metal tissue, the present invention provides complete calculating method, computing formula and calculating function to go to confirm various important manufacturing parameters and uses these parameter designing, makes the conticaster system and produce amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the plate product of brilliant various metal species and different size carefully.When using L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape, as long as the section configuration of 4 outlets of the hot-cast type among Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and size are caused consistent, just can produce the corresponding metal section bar with the section bar that requires to produce.The formulation of manufacturing parameter can be carried out with reference to computational methods, computing formula and the calculating function of sheet material.

Fig. 1 is L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape fundamental diagram.The volume of the seal operation chamber 8 of low temperature, low pressure size is decided according to the specification of producing shape and indoor equipment, device.Starting ternary cascade refrigeration circulation cryogenic refrigeration mechanism makes room temperature drop to-140 ℃; Re-use other liquid nitrogen spray devices (figure l does not represent) beyond the liquid nitrogen spray device 5; Spray into an amount of liquid nitrogen, the office work temperature is reached and keep temperature t=-190 ℃, pressure p is slightly larger than 1bar.The section configuration in hot-cast type 4 exits and size are determined by the section of the shape that needs are produced.Liquid metal is injected in the tundish 2 by the casting ladle in the casting ladle panoramic table 1 quantitatively, continuously.Liquid metal 3 keeps constant by illustrated liquid level.

Fig. 2 be liquid metal in hot-cast type exit rapid solidification, cooling procedure schematic diagram.Electric heater 9 energising is to 4 heating of hot-cast type among the figure, makes the hot-cast type internal surface temperature that contacts with the liquid metal liquidus temperature a little more than liquid metal, and liquid metal can not solidify at hot-cast type inner surface.When bringing into use L, R, C method continuous casting amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal, at first start liquid nitrogen spray device 5 and spray liquid nitrogen continuously, quantitatively for-190 ℃ draw bar (sheet metal) 7 to temperature.Just be arranged on the C section that the hot-cast type exports from Fig. 2 visible injection liquid nitrogen and sheet metal interface point.And then start guiding haulage gear 6 shown in Figure 1, drive draw bar (sheet metal) 7 and make pulling motion to the diagram left with continuous casting speed u.In the Δ τ time interval, pull out the sheet metal as thin as a wafer of Δ m length section.In order to cast amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal continuously, the liquid metal that in Δ m length section, comprises is by temperature t ₁Begin to solidify, be cooled to final temperature t ₂Whole process in adopt same cooldown rate V all the time _KV _KValue is respectively 10 corresponding to amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure ⁷℃/s, 10 ⁶℃/s～10 ⁷℃/s, 10 ⁴℃/s～10 ⁶℃/s, 10 ⁴℃/s.Wherein:

t ₁---the liquid metal solidification initial temperature, ℃;

t ₂---cooling termination temperature, ℃, t ₂=-190 ℃.

Corresponding to above-mentioned different cooldown rate V _K, the liquid metal that the Am length section is comprised is from t ₁Begin rapid solidification, be cooled to t ₂Needed time interval Δ τ can be asked for by following formula.

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{V_K}& s---\left(1\right)\end{array}$

Δ t=t in the formula ₁-t ₂

State each symbolic significance front.

For 0.23C mild steel, t ₁=1550 ℃, t ₂=-190 ℃.Continuous casting amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the rapid solidification that thin brilliant metal structure needs, the time interval Δ τ result of calculation of cooling are listed in table l.

The Δ τ that the various metal structure rapid solidifications of table l need

If the needed Δ τ time interval of Δ m length section that pulls out is exactly liquid metal rapid solidification, the cooling of Δ m length section form amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin Δ τ of the needed time interval of brilliant metal structure and the amount of liquid nitrogen that in this same Δ τ time interval, ejects through the gasification heat absorbing mode, with the liquid metal of Δ m length section by beginning setting temperature t ₁Solidify, be cooled to final temperature t ₂The interior heat energy that is comprised is all taken away, the sheet metal that the liquid metal of Δ m length section just can rapid solidification, cooling forms amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine grained texture.In Δ m length section shown in Figure 2, a right side of face is a liquid metal, and b-c is for just leaving the metal segments that the outlet of hot-cast type is solidified fully, cooled off.Can find out that from table 1 the rapid solidification time interval Δ τ that obtains 0.23C steel amorphous structure has only 1.74 * 10 ^-4S, the Δ τ of thin brilliant metal structure also has only 1.74 * 10 ^-1S, i.e. 0.174s.To go out Δ m length section also be minimum numerical value to continuous casting in the so short time interval.Subsequent calculations shows, in above-mentioned acquisition Δ τ=1.74 * 10 of steel amorphous structure O.23C ^-4In the time interval of S; O.03mm the 0.23C amorphous carbon steel length section Δ m that continuous casting goes out has only; Ultracrystallite carbon steel length section Δ m is in 0.03mm～0.09mm scope, and crystallite carbon steel length section Δ m is in 0.09mm～0.3mm scope, and fine crystalline carbon steel length section Δ m is 0.9mm.Theoretical based on heat transfer through plane wall, when the length of planomural and wide respectively surpasses 10 times of thickness, can be used as one-dimensional stable heat conduction on the engineering and handle.That is, when using L, R, C method continuous casting 0.23C amorphous steel plate, as long as arbitrary size of section is all greater than 0.3mm; During continuous casting 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate, as long as arbitrary size of section is all greater than 0.3～0.9mm; During continuous casting 0.23C crystallite steel plate, the arbitrary size that needs only section is all greater than 0.9～3mm, and the heat conduction between the a-c two sides can be thought-heat transfer through plane wall of stability maintenance attitude.A, b, c cross section and any cross section parallel with them all are isothermal levels.

Fig. 3 is the Temperature Distribution of liquid metal rapid solidification, cooling procedure in hot-cast type exit.Ordinate is a temperature, and t ℃, abscissa is a distance, Xmm.Spraying under the powerful cooling effect of liquid nitrogen endothermic gasification, the temperature of a face liquid metal drops to solidifies initial temperature t ₁, t ₁It is exactly the liquidus temperature of this metal.The temperature of b face metal drops to the setting temperature t of metal _s, t _sIt is exactly the solidus temperature of this metal.B face set positions is in hot-cast type exit, and this position can be regulated with the time difference of guiding haulage gear 6 through opening liquid nitrogen spray device 5.Gu the Δ L section between the a-b cross section is exactly liquid-coexistence, the b-c section then is the solid metallic district of having solidified.The temperature of C cross section metal is cooling termination temperature t ₂, t ₂=-190 ℃.Because the diabatic process of whole Δ m length section is-heat transfer through plane wall of stability maintenance attitude that the Temperature Distribution of metal should be illustrated in figure 3 as linear rule between the a-c cross section.This shows that the b cross section is the interface of solid-liquid metal, the metal that on the b face, solidifies immediately is pulled, and new liquid metal constantly solidifies on the b cross section again, so just can cast out amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal continuously.Because do not contact between solid metallic and the hot-cast type, be to rely on the interfacial tension of liquid metal to keep between them, there is not frictional resistance between solid metallic and the hot-cast type 4, can cast out ganoid sheet metal.On the other hand, along with L, R, C method casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal continuously, stably carry out, the sheet material length that casts out constantly increases, but the position in C cross section and temperature do not change t ₂Remain-190 ℃.Therefore, the solid metallic thermal conduction resistance can not increase, and rapid solidification, cooling procedure can not be affected, the cooldown rate V of Δ m length section liquid state and solid metallic _KAll the time constant.In addition, in order to set forth conveniently, the size of the Δ m length section that Fig. 2, Fig. 3 represent is signal and has amplified.Powerful extract system is arranged on the left (Fig. 1, Fig. 2 do not have expression) that faces liquid nitrogen spray device 5; Purpose is all to discharge operating room 8 with spraying liquid nitrogen rapidly, in time by the nitrogen that endothermic gasification produced; Guarantee that the temperature constant in the operating room is-190 ℃, constant pressure is for being slightly larger than 1bar.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape schematic diagram

Fig. 2 liquid metal is rapid solidification, cooling procedure schematic diagram in hot-cast type exit

The Temperature Distribution of Fig. 3 liquid metal rapid solidification, cooling procedure in hot-cast type exit

Fig. 4 L, R, C method and the hot-cast type outlet of conticaster system thereof be casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape schematic diagram upwards

The specific embodiment

One confirms the manufacturing parameter computing formula of L, R, C method and conticaster system thereof

1 confirms cooldown rate V _KConfirm cooldown rate V according to production amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal _KMethod.See before and state.

2 confirm that rapid solidification, cooling interval Δ τ are according to aforementioned.

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{V_k}& s---\left(1\right)\end{array}$

3 confirm continuous casting length Δ m in the Δ τ time interval

Because the conduction of the heat between the a-c cross section is one-dimensional stable heat conduction, the heat conduction amount Q between the a-c cross section ₁Be calculated as follows.

$\begin{array}{cc}{Q}_1={\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}A\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{\mathrm{\Δm}}& w---\left(2\right)\end{array}$

λ in the formula _CPW/m ℃ of-average metal heat-conducting coefficient ^{[annex 1]}

A-is perpendicular to the sectional area m of heat conduction direction ²

Temperature difference Δ t=t between Δ t-a-c cross section ₁-t ₂℃;

Δ m-a-c cross section spacing m.

To obtain amorphous state cooldown rate V _KIn the corresponding Δ τ time interval, the heat that is passed to the c cross section by a cross section is Δ Q ₁

ΔQ ₁＝Q ₁Δτ KJ

With (1) formula Δ τ substitution following formula,

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_1=Q_1\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{V_K}& \mathrm{KJ}---\left(3\right)\end{array}$

Fig. 2 expresses Δ Q ₁Heat is transmitted to the c cross section by a cross section, and the heat that is transmitted to the upper and lower surface of sheet material then is Δ Q ₁/ 2.If be ejected into the liquid nitrogen on the upper and lower surface of sheet material, obtaining amorphous state cooldown rate V _KIn the corresponding Δ τ time interval, through the gasification heat absorbing mode with this part heat Δ Q ₁Take away, just can go out the amorphous sheet material that thickness is the Δ m length section of E by continuous casting.Same principle can obtain ultracrystallite, crystallite, the thin brilliant sheet metal of Δ m length section.Because Δ Q ₁Spray the heat that liquid nitrogen is drawn through gasification exactly in the Δ τ time interval, therefore, Δ Q ₁Just calculate the foundation of the liquid nitrogen quantity that in the Δ τ time interval, ejects.

In the identical Δ τ time interval, a face under the liquid metal state will move to the c face that the metal cooling stops, and thickness is that the interior heat energy that liquid metal comprised of the Δ m length section of E should be

ΔQ ²＝AΔmρ _CP(C _CPΔt+L) KJ (4)

A-is perpendicular to the sectional area m of heat conduction direction in the formula ²

A＝BE

B-sheet metal width m;

E-sheet metal thickness m;

Δ m-Δ τ casts out the metal length section that thickness is E, i.e. a-c cross section spacing continuously in the time interval

m；

ρ _Cp-average density metal g/cm ^{3 [annexes 1]}

C _CP-average metal specific heat KJ/Kg ℃ ^{[annex 1]}

Temperature difference Δ t=t between Δ t-a-c cross section ₁-t ₂℃;

L-metal latent heat, KJ/Kg.

For amorphous metal, V _k>=10 ⁷℃/s L=0

ΔQ ₂＝BEΔmρ _CPC _CPΔt KJ?(5)

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure L ≠ O

ΔQ ₂＝BEΔmρ _CP(C _CPΔt+L) KJ?(6)

As Δ Q ₁＞Δ Q ₂The time, the heat that sprays the liquid nitrogen absorption is the interior heat energy of the Δ m length section liquid metal of E greater than thickness.The heat of the liquid metal on the right, a cross section, hot-cast type 4 exit will be transmitted to the deficiency of c face with the interior heat energy that replenishes Δ m length section liquid metal and comprise in Fig. 2 tundish.Like this, the b face will move to right gradually, the outlet of the metal filled hot-cast type 4 of final set, and continuous casting is forced and is stopped.Solution route has two, one, increases continuous casting speed u, strengthens Δ m.Make Δ Q ₁Reduce and Δ Q ₂Strengthen, reach Δ Q at last ₁=Δ Q ₂But this will receive the restriction of guiding draw-gear 6.Another approach is to strengthen the electrical power of electric heater 9, to replenish Δ Q ₂Not enough heat.But this will increase extra energy consumption, obviously is uneconomic.

As Δ Q ₁＜Δ Q ₂The time, thickness is the interior heat energy that comprises of the Δ m length section liquid metal of E greater than spraying the heat that liquid nitrogen is drawn, Δ m length section still has in the part heat energy to retain, and influences rapid solidification, cooling.Obtain the rapid solidification of the phase of giving, the result of cooling.Must reduce continuous casting speed u, reduce Δ m length section and make Δ Q ₁Increase and Δ Q ₂Reduce, reach Δ Q at last ₁=Δ Q ₂

As Δ Q ₁=Δ Q ₂The time, spray liquid nitrogen at the cooldown rate V that obtains amorphous metal _KIn the corresponding Δ τ time interval, take the Δ Q that passes to the c cross section by a cross section away ₁Heat.And this Δ Q ₁Heat just in time be exactly thickness be the Δ m length section liquid metal of E comprised whole in heat energy Δ Q ₂Like this, Δ m length section liquid metal will be by giving fixed cooldown rate V _KRapid solidification, cooling and the amorphous metal sheet material that obtains expecting.In like manner, when spraying liquid nitrogen to obtain ultracrystallite, crystallite, the corresponding cooldown rate V of thin brilliant metal structure _KThe interior at interval Δ Q that draws of consistent delta time ₁=Δ Q ₂The time, thickness is the sheet material of the liquid metal of the Δ m length section of the E ultracrystallite that will obtain the phase of giving, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure.

Make Δ Q ₁=Δ Q ₂, with Δ Q ₁And Δ Q ₂Formula (3), (4) substitution respectively get:

${\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}A\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{\mathrm{\Δm}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\mathrm{A\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)$

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt\Δ\τ}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(7\right)\end{array}$

For amorphous metal, L=0

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(8\right)\end{array}$

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{cp}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}$

α in the formula _CPThe average temperature diffusivity of-metal

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{CP}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}& m^2/s\end{array}$

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure, with $\mathrm{\Δ\; \τ}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ\; t}}{V_K}$ Substitution (7) formula,

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)V_K}}\·\mathrm{\Δt}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(9\right)\end{array}$

From (6), (7), (8) formula, can find out: Δ m depends on λ _CP, ρ _CP, C _CP, parameter such as L, Δ t, Δ τ.λ wherein _CP, ρ _CP, C _CP, L is the physical parameter of metal, Δ t=t ₁-t ₂, t ₁Be to solidify initial temperature, t ₂Be cooling termination temperature, constant is-190 ℃.Therefore Δ t also can think the physical parameter of metal.After the metal ingredient of producing sheet material was confirmed, these parameters had just been confirmed.Δ τ then depends on the metal structure of producing sheet material, if the sheet material of amorphous metal tissue, cooldown rate V are produced in decision _K=10 ⁷℃/s, i.e. cooldown rate V _KAlso just determined.After the metal ingredient that this explanation is produced was confirmed with tissue, Δ τ had also just confirmed.It is thus clear that Δ m only depends on two factors, a factor is metal species and composition, and another factor then is the metal structure of requirement.

4 confirm continuous casting speed u

For amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure, continuous casting speed u can ask for by following formula.

$\begin{array}{cc}u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& m/s---\left(10\right)\end{array}$

5 confirm liquid nitrogen spray amount V

In order to obtain amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure sheet material; With the metal structure that requires in the corresponding Δ τ time interval, liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V must be the contained interior heat energy Δ Q of Δ m length section liquid metal of E with thickness through gasification heat absorption mode ₂All take away.In view of the above, liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V calculating formula is following in the Δ τ time interval:

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\ΔV}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ΔQ}}_2}{r}{V}^{\′}& {\mathrm{dm}}^3---\left(11\right)\end{array}$

Δ V-liquid nitrogen spray amount dm in the Δ τ time interval in the formula ³

R-liquid nitrogen latent heat.

Liquid nitrogen is at p=1.877bar, and under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the 1Kg liquid nitrogen gasification is the heat that nitrogen absorbed.KJ/kg；

V '-liquid nitrogen specific volume

Liquid nitrogen is at p=1.877bar, the volume dm of 1Kg liquid nitrogen under t=-190 ℃ of state ³/ Kg ^{[annex 2]}

Δ Q ₂-in the Δ τ time interval, thickness is the contained interior heat energy of Δ m length section liquid metal of E.Just a cross section is to the heat Δ Q of c cross section conduction ₁KJ。

For amorphous metal, Δ Q ₂Can calculate by formula (5).

Δ Q for ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure ₂Can calculate by formula (6).R and V ' can find at annex 2, and Δ V can calculate by formula (11).After Δ V confirmed, liquid nitrogen spray amount V can be calculated as follows.

$\begin{array}{cc}V=\frac{\mathrm{\ΔV}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}\·60& {\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min ---\left(12\right)\end{array}$

V-liquid nitrogen spray amount dm in the formula ³/ min

6 confirm liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h

The liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h on the upper and lower surface of sheet metal can be calculated as follows.

$\begin{array}{cc}h=\frac{\mathrm{\ΔV}}{2\mathrm{BK\Δ\τ}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(13\right)\end{array}$

H-liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness mm in the formula;

K-liquid nitrogen spray speed m/s;

B-comprises the sheet metal width mm that thickness of two sides is converted upper and lower surfaces.

Δ V, Δ τ meaning are seen before and are stated.

7 confirm liquid nitrogen spray amount V gasification back volume V _g

Known Δ Q ₂, after the parameter such as r, V _gCan be calculated as follows.

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_g=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_2}{r}{V}^{\′\′}\frac{60}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& {\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min ---\left(14\right)\end{array}$

V in the formula _g-liquid nitrogen spray amount V is under p=1.877bar, t=-190 ℃ state, and the shared volume dm in back gasifies ³/ min;

" spray liquid nitrogen under p=1.877bar, t=-190 ℃ state, the 1Kg liquid nitrogen gasification is a shared volume behind the nitrogen to V.Dm ³/ Kg ^{[annex 2]}

Δ Q ₂, r, Δ τ meaning see before and state.

Calculate V _g, can be used as the design considerations of powerful extract system rate of air sucked in required.

The conduction of two sheet metal internal heat

Fig. 2 is illustrated in sheet metal rapid solidification, the cooling procedure, Δ Q ₁Heat will all be taken away through gasification heat absorption mode slave plate material surface by the liquid nitrogen that is ejected into plate surface by the sheet metal conducted inside to plate surface again.But Δ Q ₁Heat can be rapidly, in time by the sheet material conducted inside to plate surface? If can, Δ Q ₁The heat liquid nitrogen that just might be injected into plate surface all take away.Obviously, the sheet material internal heat has become the link of a restriction to the speed of plate surface conduction.

Because all are isothermal levels with a, parallel cross section, c cross section between the a-c cross section, also all be that temperature is-190 ℃ a isothermal level in the cross section of all directions of c cross-sectional left.The heat of sheet material inside, according to the heat conduction formula, can get when plate surface conducts heat through above-mentioned each isothermal level:

Δt＝QR _λ

Q-is through the heat of isothermal level conduction in the formula, and numerical values recited is by the heat output decision in a-c cross section.W；

The heat conduction temperature difference ℃ on the Δ t-isothermal level;

R _λThermal conduction resistance ℃ on the-isothermal level/W.

Because there is not temperature difference on the isothermal level, Δ t=0, heat output Q numerical values recited is by Δ Q ₁Decision is also promptly by spraying the liquid nitrogen decision, so Q ≠ 0, then R _λMust be zero, i.e. R _λ=0.

R _λ=0 meaning is: when sheet metal inside was passed through isothermal level to plate surface conduction heat, the conduction of heat had no thermal resistance.Because the metal of c cross-sectional left all is a temperature is-190 ℃ isothermal level; The sheet material internal heat is transmitted to plate surface through any direction and all has no thermal resistance; So the inner heat of sheet material in the c cross-sectional left when plate surface conducts; Can in time, promptly be transmitted to plate surface fully, can in the plate surface heat absorption any influence not arranged spraying liquid nitrogen.

The liquid nitrogen of three L, R, C method and conticaster system thereof is used

Liquid nitrogen is that water white transparency is easy to flowing liquid, has the character of conventional fluid, and in the liquid nitrogen spray system, the pressure p of liquid nitrogen, flow velocity V can control with conventional method.Liquid nitrogen is when facing critical condition, and unusual variation can appear in its rerum natura, and particularly the mutation of peak value property can appear in specific heat capacity Cp and thermal conductivity factor λ.But spraying liquid nitrogen in the rapid solidification of sheet metal, cooling procedure, is not facing critical zone work, so needn't consider to face the ANOMALOUS VARIATIONS of critical zone rerum natura.Liquid nitrogen normal boiling point t _Boil=-195.81 ℃, p=1.013bar ^{[annex 2]}

Someone directly stirs quenching with carbon steel in liquid nitrogen, the gained hardness number is well below the hardness number at quenching-in water ^[4]Data is represented when red-hot other part is put into the liquid nitrogen of bulk container, the rapid endothermic gasification of liquid nitrogen, and the nitrogen that is generated is attached in bulk container around other part; The blanket of nitrogen that formation separates other part and liquid nitrogen; Blanket of nitrogen does not conduct heat, and becomes the thermal insulation layer of other part, causes other to deteriorate significantly by the part radiating condition; Cooling velocity descends, and makes the quenching hardness value be significantly less than the hardness number of quenching-in water.

Water in the bulk container is heated when the pool boiling phenomenon occurring Temperature Distribution in the actual measurement water under pressure p=1bar condition.In the pellicular water near heating surface 2-5mm, temperature sharply rises to 109.1 ℃ by being approximately about 100.6 ℃, occurs great adherent thermograde in the water because temperature sharply changes to cause.And the water temperature beyond thin layer changes not quite.Convection transfer rate when this great adherent thermograde makes the boiling coefficient α c of water not undergo phase transition far above water.Can obtain an important conclusions thus: in water, conducted heat and made aqueous vaporization by heating surface, mainly occur in the water of this very thin 2-5mm, the water role beyond this thin layer is little.Find also that further other all boiling process all exist this near the characteristic that occurs great thermograde in the thin layer of heating surface.People bring into use liquid level to be no more than the shallow pond heating of 2-5mm and the flow boiling that fluid thickness is no more than 2-5mm, and they all produce more significant adherent thermograde.The boiling of this low liquid level specially is called the liquid film boiling.And the flow boiling of thin liquid film, because the influence of rate of flow of fluid, adherent thermograde is bigger, makes this thin liquid film flow boiling have more unusual high heat-transfer capability.In order to bring into play the effect of high flow rate, the someone uses the water of 30m/s high flow rate, and flowing into diameter is the pipe of 5mm, reaches $q_w=1.73\×{10}^{8}w/m^{2\left[5\right]}.$

Based on the analysis to above-mentioned data, L, R, C method adopt high jet velocity, as thin as a wafer the injection heat transfer technology of liquid film.By following formula

$\begin{array}{cc}h=\frac{\mathrm{\ΔV}}{2\mathrm{BK\Δ\τ}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(13\right)\end{array}$

Symbolic significance sees before in the formula.

Confirm after Δ τ, the Δ V, improve liquid nitrogen spray speed K, adopt 30m/s even higher numerical value, control liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h realizes high jet velocity, the spraying technique of liquid film as thin as a wafer in 2～3mm even 1～2mm scope.

In Fig. 2 liquid nitrogen spray device 5 exits, it is following to spray liquid nitrogen and operating room's 8 relevant parameters:

P-liquid nitrogen spray pressure p=1.877bar;

T=-190 ℃ of t-liquid nitrogen temperature;

K _MaxThe maximum jet velocity K of-liquid nitrogen _Max=30m/s;

H-liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2～3mm or 1～2mm;

p _bThe operating pressure P of-operating room _b=1bar;

t _bThe operating temperature t of-operating room _b=-190 ℃.

The height of liquid nitrogen from liquid nitrogen spray device 5 is the large space ejection of the exit of 2～3mm or 1～2mm to the operating room; Because jet is very thin; Flow velocity is high, and when a fluid stream contacted with sheet material through a bit of distance back, whole a fluid stream section was from the edge to the center; Pressure all drops to 1bar by 1.877bar rapidly, the saturation temperature of the liquid nitrogen boiling temperature t of liquid nitrogen just under this pressure value _Boil, t _Boil=-195.81 ℃ ^{[annex 2]}The temperature of spraying liquid nitrogen then is still t=-190 ℃, and it is higher than boiling temperature, so liquid nitrogen is in fluidized state, as long as there is heat to pass to, liquid nitrogen just can gasify rapidly.Gasification rate is relevant with the temperature difference between liquid nitrogen temperature and the boiling temperature, and present temperature difference is 5.75 ℃, if temperature difference further improves, the speed of liquid nitrogen endothermic gasification will be higher.

Above-mentioned liquid nitrogen spray pressure drops to 1bar by 1.877bar and the saturation temperature boiling temperature high situation of the temperature specific pressure of liquid nitrogen when being 1bar also meets the physical condition of volume boiling ^[6]As long as heat is in liberal supply, whole homogeneous phase gasification will take place in moment in the liquid nitrogen spray layer.Liquid nitrogen moment all gasifies, and does not also exist naturally to separate the blanket of nitrogen that sprays liquid nitrogen.

Take the liquid nitrogen flow velocity up to 30m/s, control liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness has only 2～3mm, even 1～2mm.Purpose is that making the thin layer of this high flow rate just in time is exactly the thin layer that very big adherent thermograde occurs; The liquid nitrogen of whole like this thin layer all is among the very big adherent thermograde; Liquid nitrogen is all participated in strong heat transfer effect in all thin layers; And the factor of high flow rate more makes heat transfer effect extremely strong, causes the liquid nitrogen of whole thin layer all to participate in endothermic gasification.The gas that gasification is come out is then all promptly taken away by extract system, will not spray the blanket of nitrogen that liquid nitrogen separates even also do not exist at the lower surface of sheet metal.This shows, be identical at rapid solidification, the cooling effect of the upper and lower jet surface liquid nitrogen of sheet material.The sheet metal surface temperature just also influences the size of adherent temperature, the intensity of heat transfer effect.Equally also influence the speed of liquid nitrogen endothermic gasification.

Can find out from above-mentioned analysis: L, R, C method and conticaster system thereof adopt high jet velocity, the spraying technique of liquid film as thin as a wafer, spray liquid nitrogen through the endothermic gasification mode, in the Δ τ time interval that requires in time with Δ Q ₁Heat is taken away, the blanket of nitrogen that sprays liquid nitrogen can on the sheet metal surface, not occur separating.

Four spray the heat exchange of liquid nitrogen and sheet metal

L, R, when C conticaster system begins to cast; Spray liquid nitrogen and join at c section and metallic plate by shown in Figure 2, because just begun casting, sheet metal and liquid nitrogen temperature all are-190 ℃; So in incipient moment in the Δ τ time interval, liquid nitrogen and sheet metal do not have heat exchange.But, move a minimum time interval, Δ Q when the Δ τ time interval ₁Sub-fraction also passes to the plate surface of junction in/2 heats in this time interval.The plate surface temperature at this place immediately raises, and liquid nitrogen and plate surface produce temperature difference, and liquid nitrogen begins to carry out heat exchange with plate surface, takes this part heat away through endothermic gasification, and the plate surface temperature drops to-190 ℃ immediately.All gasify nitrogen that the back produces of the liquid nitrogen that is ejected into the junction also all is discharged to the outside of operating room 8 by powerful extract system in this minimum time interval.The Δ τ time interval is from this minimum time interval minimum time interval that reruns again; The sheet metal minimum distance that moves to left again again; New injection liquid nitrogen is injected in again on the plate surface that newly runs to, and the heat exchange between liquid nitrogen and sheet material repeats said process again again.Through the Δ τ time interval, spray liquid nitrogen so finally with Δ Q ₁/ 2 heat is taken away, and liquid nitrogen is sprayed finally with Δ Q in the comprehensive upper and lower surface of sheet metal ₁Heat all take away.Rapid solidification, cooling procedure will be undertaken by the phase requirement of giving, and produce amorphous, ultracrystallite, the crystallite of requirement, the sheet metal of thin brilliant metal structure at last.

Perhaps because liquid nitrogen is slightly different with the actual conditions and the said process of sheet metal heat exchange, cause the last cooling termination temperature t of sheet material ₂-190 ℃ slightly high 10～20 ℃ of ratios, i.e. t ₂=-180～-170 ℃.But this does not have any influence to the result who produces amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure sheet metal.The sheet metal final temperature also can be-190 ℃.

At last, the operating pressure p of operating room 8 _b=1bar should keep invariable by powerful extract system.Operating temperature t _bCan do suitably adjustment according to the production result of experiment for=-190 ℃.

Five casting maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxAmorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the calculating function of thin brilliant sheet metal manufacturing parameter

Research object is the sheet metal of width B=1m.

Confirm liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm and immobilize.In very big adherent thermograde and spray under the homogeneous phase volume gasification acting in conjunction that liquid nitrogen causes because of pressure descends, the jetting fluid nitrogen layer of h=2mm is endothermic gasification and cast out amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal all.H＞2mm possibly can not cast the metal structure sheet material of requirement.H is fixed as 2mm, and the nozzle of liquid nitrogen spray device 5 need not be changed because of fixed size.

Confirm maximum liquid nitrogen spray speed K _Max=30m/s.As B=1m, h=2mm, K _MaxDuring=30m/s, that liquid nitrogen spray device 5 is sprayed is maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount V _MaxUnder this amount of liquid nitrogen effect, continuous casting is gone out maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxAmorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal.

Concrete calculating function is following:

1 confirms cooldown rate V _k

Amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the thin brilliant metal structure produced are as requested confirmed different cooldown rate V _kNumerical value.

2 calculate rapid solidification, cooling interval Δ τ

Calculate Δ τ by formula (1)

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{V_K}& s---\left(1\right)\end{array}$

3 calculate continuous casting length section Δ m in the Δ τ time interval

For the amorphous metal tissue, by formula calculate (8)

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(8\right)\end{array}$

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure, by formula calculate (9)

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δm}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)V_K}\·\mathrm{\Δt}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(9\right)\end{array}$

4 calculate continuous casting speed u

By formula calculate (10)

$\begin{array}{cc}u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& m/s---\left(10\right)\end{array}$

V _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u parameter only depend on metal fever rerum natura and different amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structures, and be irrelevant with sheet metal thickness.After the metal structure of metal species, composition, requirement is confirmed, V _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u parameter value also confirmed.The sheet metal varied in thickness does not influence these parameter values.

5 calculate Δ V _Max

Δ V _MaxBe maximum liquid nitrogen spray speed K _Max=30m/s, liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, sheet metal width B=1m immobilize under the condition, in the Δ τ time interval, and the amount of liquid nitrogen that liquid nitrogen spray device 5 is sprayed.This liquid nitrogen spray amount is exactly a maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount in the Δ τ time interval.Δ V _MaxCan use formula (13) to calculate, with Δ V with Δ V _MaxSubstitution is also rewritten an accepted way of doing sth (15) with formula (13), can calculate Δ V _Max

ΔV _max＝2BK _maxΔτh dm ³ (15)

6 calculate Δ Q _2max

Δ Q _2maxBe maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V _MaxThe heat of being drawn when being gasified totally.With the Δ V in the formula (11), Δ Q ₂With Δ V _Max, Δ Q _2maxReplace and a rewriting accepted way of doing sth (16), can calculate Δ Q _2max

$\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }r}{V^{\′}}& \mathrm{KJ}---\left(16\right)\end{array}$

7 calculate amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal maximum ga(u)ge E _Max

Δ Q _2maxBe maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V _MaxThe heat of being drawn when being gasified totally also is maximum ga(u)ge E simultaneously _MaxThe time, the interior heat energy that liquid metal is comprised in amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the thin brilliant sheet metal Δ m length section.Therefore, maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxCan try to achieve by following mode.

For amorphous metal sheet material, with the Δ Q in the formula (5) ₂, E is with Δ Q _2max, E _MaxReplacement is also rewritten an accepted way of doing sth (17), can calculate E _Max

$\begin{array}{cc}{E}_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(17\right)\end{array}$

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal, with the Δ Q in the formula (6) ₂, E is with Δ Q _2max, E _MaxReplace and a rewriting accepted way of doing sth (18), can calculate E _Max

$\begin{array}{cc}{E}_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)}& \mathrm{mm}---\left(18\right)\end{array}$

8 calculate V _Max

With V, Δ V in the formula (12) with V _Max, Δ V _MaxReplace and a rewriting accepted way of doing sth (19), can calculate V _Max

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}\·60& {\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min ---\left(19\right)\end{array}$

With formula (15) substitution following formula, put in order

V _max＝120BK _maxh dm ³/min (19)′

B, K _Max, when h is constant, V _MaxAlso constant.

9 calculate V _Gmax

With the V in the formula (14) _g, Δ Q ₂With V _Gmax, Δ Q _2maxReplacement is also rewritten an accepted way of doing sth (20), can calculate V _Gmax

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{g\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{r}{V}^{\′\′}\frac{60}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}& {\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min ---\left(20\right)\end{array}$

With Δ Q _2maxCalculating formula (16) substitution following formula, after the arrangement

$\begin{array}{cc}{V}_{g\max }=\frac{120{\mathrm{BK}}_{\max }h}{V^{\′}}{V}^{\′\′}& {\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min ---{\left(20\right)}^{\′}\end{array}$

V ', V " are the liquid nitrogen thermal physical property parameters, change with temperature t that in the time of liquid nitrogen temperature t=-190 ℃, V ', V " have also confirmed.B, K _Max, h is constant, V _GmaxAlso constant.

Six cast thickness be the calculating function of amorphous, ultracrystallite, the crystallite of E, thin brilliant sheet metal manufacturing parameter according to aforementioned, V _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u parameter and sheet metal thickness is irrelevant, their numerical value still with casting maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxAmorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal the time numerical value identical.And the Δ V relevant, Δ Q with heat ₂, V, V _gEtc. parameter then because of thickness in the Δ m length section by E _MaxBe reduced to E, liquid metal quantity reduces, and the interior heat energy that comprises also reduces, and causes these parameter values to descend to some extent.Their calculating function is following:

1 calculates proportionality coefficient X

$X=\frac{E_{\max }}{E}---\left(21\right)$

E in the formula _Max-amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal maximum ga(u)ge mm;

E-amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal thickness mm;

The X-proportionality coefficient.

2 calculate Δ Q ₂, Δ V, V, V _g

Because the contained interior heat energy of liquid metal is directly proportional with sheet metal thickness in the Δ m length section, formula is set up.

$X=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_2}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }}{\mathrm{\ΔV}}=\frac{V_{\max }}{V}=\frac{V_{g\max }}{V_g}---\left(22\right)$

3 calculate liquid nitrogen spray speed K

Under the constant situation of liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount is by V _MaxDrop to V, liquid nitrogen spray speed is also by K _MaxDrop to K.K _MaxMeet formula (23) relation with K.

$X=\frac{K_{\max }}{K}---\left(23\right)$

Above-mentioned formula explanation, E can be passed through in usage ratio coefficient formula (21), (22), (23) _MaxRelated parameter values calculate the manufacturing parameter value of amorphous that thickness is E, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal.

According to the aforementioned calculation formula; Can carry out manufacturing parameter to amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the thin brilliant sheet metal of different metal kind and different-thickness calculates; Carry out pilot production according to result of calculation, design, make L, R, C method conticaster system and produce relevant plate product.

Remove to calculate definite manufacturing parameter numerical value and how to go tissue production in order to illustrate calculating function how to use L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet metal manufacturing parameter.Ferrous metal is with the 0.23C mild steel plate of width B=1m, non-ferrous metal with width B=1m aluminium sheet as the application of manufacturing parameter calculating function and instance how to organize production.

Confirming of seven L, R, C method and the casting 0.23C of conticaster system amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate and manufacturing parameter

0.23C steel plate relevant parameter and thermal physical property parameter

The B-steel plate width, B=1m;

E-steel plate thickness, E=Xm;

L-latent heat, L=310KJ/Kg;

λ _CP-average thermal conductivity factor, λ _CP=36.5 * 10 ^-3KJ/m ℃ of s ^{[annex 1]}

ρ _CP-averag density,

C _CP-avergae specific heat, C _CP=0.822KJ/Kg ℃ ^{[annex 1]}

t ₁-solidify initial temperature, t ₁=1550 ℃;

t ₂-solidify, cooling termination temperature t ₂=-190 ℃.

Liquid nitrogen thermophysical parameter data are following ^{[annex 2]}

Table 2 liquid nitrogen thermophysical parameter

T-liquid nitrogen temperature in the table, ℃, t=-190 ℃;

Liquid nitrogen pressure under the p-t=-190 ℃ of state, bar, p=1.877bar;

Under V '-t=-190 ℃, p=1.877bar state, the shared volume of 1Kg liquid nitrogen, dm ³/ Kg;

V " under t=-190 ℃, p=1.877bar state, the shared volume of nitrogen after the 1Kg nitrogenization, dm ³/ Kg;

Latent heat under r-t=-190 ℃, p=1.877bar state, promptly the 1Kg liquid nitrogen t=-190 ℃,

The p=1.877bar state therapeutic method to keep the adverse qi flowing downward turns to the heat KJ/Kg that nitrogen absorbs.

Confirming of 1 L, R, C method and conticaster system casting 0.23C amorphous steel plate and manufacturing parameter

1.1 L, R, C method and the casting maximum ga(u)ge E of conticaster system thereof _Max0.23C confirming of amorphous steel plate and manufacturing parameter

(1) confirms that 0.23C amorphous steel plate solidifies, cools off the cooldown rate Vk of overall process

Get V _k=10 ⁷℃/s.

(2) calculate Δ τ

With V _k, t ₁, t ₂Data substitution formula (1),

$\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{t_1-t_2}{V_K}=\frac{1550-(-190)}{{10}^7}=1.74\×{10}^{-4}s$

(3) calculate Δ m

For the amorphous steel plate, calculate by formula (8)

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\sqrt{\frac{36.5\×{10}^{-3}}{7.86\×{10}^3\×0.822}}\×1.74\×{10}^{-4}=0.03135\mathrm{mm}$

(4) calculate u, calculate by formula (10)

$u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\frac{0.03135}{1.74\×{10}^{-4}}=10.81m/\min$

(5) calculate Δ V _Max, calculate by formula (15)

Get K _Max=30m/s

ΔV _max＝2BK _maxΔτh＝2×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×1.74×10 ^-4×2

＝0.02088dm ³

(6) calculate Δ Q _2max, calculate by formula (16)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }r}{V^{\′}}=\frac{0.02088\×190.7}{1.281}=3.1084\mathrm{KJ}$

(7) calculate E _Max, calculate by formula (17)

$\begin{array}{c}{E}_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}}=\frac{3.1084}{100\×0.003135\×7.8\×{10}^{-3}\×0.822\×1740}=8.9\mathrm{mm}\end{array}$

(8) calculate V _Max, by formula (19) ' calculating

V _max＝120BK _maxh＝120×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×2＝7200dm ³/min

(9) calculate V _Gmax, by formula (20) ' calculating

$V_{g\max }=\frac{120{\mathrm{BK}}_{\max }h}{V^{\′}}{V}^{\′\′}=\frac{120\×1\×{10}^3\×30\×{10}^3\×2}{1.281}\×122.3=687400.5{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

Aforementioned calculation shows: the liquid nitrogen in liquid nitrogen spray device 5 is with liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, maximum liquid nitrogen spray speed K _MaxThe speed of=30m/s is with maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount V _Max=7200dm ³When/min was ejected into the 0.23C steel plate of hot-cast type 4 outlet, guiding haulage gear 6 left the outlet of hot-cast type 4 with the speed drawing sheet material of continuous casting speed u=10.81m/min, and it is 1000 * 8.9mm that L, R, C method conticaster system just can make cross dimensions ²The temperature that comprised of Δ m=0.03135mm length section be t ₁=1550 ℃ of liquid metals are with cooldown rate V _k=10 ⁷℃/s, solidify, be cooled to t ₂=-190 ℃, cast out maximum ga(u)ge E at last continuously _MaxThe 0.23C amorphous steel plate of=8.9mm, width B=1000mm.

1.2 confirming of the 0.23C amorphous steel plate of L, R, C method and the cast thickness E of conticaster system thereof and manufacturing parameter

(1) gets E=5mm.The V of E=5mm _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u still and E _MaxParameter value during=8.9mm is identical.Be V _k=10 ⁷℃/s, Δ τ=1.74 * 10 ^-4S, Δ m=0.03135mm, u=10.81m/min.

(2) calculate X, calculate by formula (21)

$X=\frac{E_{\max }}{E}=\frac{8.9}{5}=1.78$

(3) calculate Δ V, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\ΔV}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }}{X}\frac{0.02088}{1.78}=0.01173{\mathrm{dm}}^3$

(4) calculate Δ Q ₂, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_2=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{X}=\frac{3.1084}{1.78}=1.746\mathrm{KJ}$

(5) calculate V, calculate by formula (22)

$V=\frac{V_{\max }}{X}=\frac{7200}{1.78}=4044.9{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(6) calculate V _g, calculate by formula (22)

$V_g=\frac{V_{g\max }}{X}=\frac{687400.5}{1.78}=386180.1{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(7) calculating K calculates by formula (23)

$K=\frac{K_{\max }}{X}=\frac{30}{1.78}=16.9m/s$

Aforementioned calculation shows: under continuous casting speed u=10.81m/min and the constant situation of liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount drops to V=4044.9dm ³/ min, corresponding liquid nitrogen spray speed drops to K=16.9m/s, can cast out the 0.23C amorphous steel plate of E=5mm continuously.

Confirming of 2 L, R, C method and conticaster system casting 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate and manufacturing parameter

When the continuous casting of research 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate is produced, inquire into different cooling rate V _kThe maximum ga(u)ge E that can produce under the condition _MaxUltracrystallite steel plate manufacturing parameter with other thickness E.Get cooldown rate V _k: 2 * 10 ⁶℃/S, 4 * 10 ⁶℃/S, 6 * 10 ⁶℃/S, 8 * 10 ⁶℃/S is as the parameter combinations of 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate.

2.1L, R, C method and the casting cooldown rate V of conticaster system thereof _k=2 * 10 ⁶℃/the 0.23C ultracrystallite maximum ga(u)ge E of s _MaxConfirming of steel plate and manufacturing parameter

Get K _Max=30m/s, h=2mm immobilize.V _k＝2×10 ⁶℃/s。

(1) calculates Δ τ, calculate by formula (1)

$\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{t_1-t_2}{V_K}=\frac{1550-(-190)}{2\×{10}^6}=8.7\×{10}^{-4}s$

(2) calculate Δ m

For the ultracrystallite steel plate, process of setting has latent heat to exist, and calculates by formula (9)

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)V_K}}\·\mathrm{\Δt}$

$=\sqrt{\frac{36.5\×{10}^{-3}}{7.86\×{10}^3(0.822\×1740+310)\×2\×{10}^6}}\×1740$

(3) calculate u, calculate by formula (10)

$u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\frac{0.0636}{8.7\×{10}^{-4}}=4.39m/\min$

(4) calculate Δ V _Max, calculate by formula (15)

ΔV _max＝2BK _maxΔτh＝2×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×8.7×10 ^-4×2＝0.1044dm ³

(5) calculate Δ Q _2max, calculate by formula (16)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }r}{V^{\′}}=\frac{0.1044\×190.7}{1.281}=15.55\mathrm{KJ}$

(6) calculate E _Max,, calculate by formula (18) for the ultracrystallite steel plate

$E_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)}=\frac{15.55}{100\×0.00636\×7.8\×{10}^{-3}(0.822\×1740+310)}=18\mathrm{mm}$

(7) calculate V _Max, by formula (19) ' calculating

V _max＝120BK _maxh＝120×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×2＝7200dm ³/min

(8) calculate V _Gmax, by formula (20) ' calculating

$V_{g\max }=\frac{120{\mathrm{BK}}_{\max }h}{V^{\′}}{V}^{\′\′}=\frac{120\×1\×{10}^3\×30\×{10}^3\×2}{1.281}\×122.3=687400.5{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

2.2L, R, C method and the casting cooldown rate V of conticaster system thereof _K=2 * 10 ⁶℃/the 0.23C ultracrystallite thickness of s is the steel plate of E and confirming of manufacturing parameter

(1) gets E=15mm.The V of E=15mm _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u still and E _MaxParameter value during=18mm is identical.

Be V _k=2 * 10 ⁶℃/s, Δ τ=8.7 * 10 ^-4S, Δ m=0.0636mm, u=4.39m/min

(2) calculate X, calculate by formula (21)

$X=\frac{E_{\max }}{E}=\frac{18}{15}=1.2$

(3) calculate Δ V, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\ΔV}=\frac{{\mathrm{\ΔV}}_{\max }}{X}=\frac{0.1044}{1.2}=0.087{\mathrm{dm}}^3$

(4) calculate Δ Q ₂, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_2=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{X}=\frac{15.55}{1.2}=12.96\mathrm{KJ}$

(5) calculate V, calculate by formula (22)

$V=\frac{V_{\max }}{X}=\frac{7200}{1.2}=6000{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(6) calculate V _g, calculate by formula (22)

$V_g=\frac{V_{g\max }}{X}=\frac{687400.5}{1.2}=572833.8{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(7) calculating K calculates by formula (23)

$K=\frac{K_{\max }}{X}=\frac{30}{1.2}=25m/s$

Use other cooldown rate V _kCombination, produce maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxManufacturing parameter calculating function and cooldown rate V with the 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate of other thickness E _k=2 * 10 ⁶℃/the s combination is identical.Result of calculation is listed in table 3, table 4, table 5, table 6, table 7, table 8.Computational process repeats no more.

3L, R, C method and the casting maximum ga(u)ge E of conticaster system thereof _MaxWith the crystallite steel plate of other thickness E and confirming of manufacturing parameter

The cooldown rate scope of crystallite metal structure is V _k>=10 ⁴℃/s～10 ⁶℃/s.Set and use cooldown rate V _k=10 ⁶℃/s solidifies, cooling and continuous casting goes out steel plate is crystallite steel plate (one), uses cooldown rate V _k=10 ⁵℃/s solidifies, cooling and continuous casting goes out steel plate is crystallite steel plate (two).Crystallite steel plate (one) and crystallite steel plate (two) are cast continuously maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxCalculate with the manufacturing parameter of L, R, C method and the conticaster system thereof of other thickness E.The manufacturing parameter calculating function of the use of its calculating function and formula and ultracrystallite steel plate and the formula of use are identical.Its relevant parameter result of calculation is listed in table 3, table 4, table 5, table 6, table 7, table 8.Computational process is omitted.

4L, R, C method and the casting maximum ga(u)ge E of conticaster system thereof _MaxWith the fine-grained steel plate of other thickness E and confirming of manufacturing parameter

The cooldown rate scope of thin brilliant metal structure is V _k≤10 ⁴℃/s.Its relevant parameter result of calculation is listed in table 3, table 4, table 5, table 6, table 7, table 8.Computational process is omitted.

Table 30.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate maximum ga(u)ge Emax and manufacturing parameter (B=1m, K _Max=30m/s, h=2mm)

Table 4E=20mm, the manufacturing parameter of 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 5E=15mm, the manufacturing parameter of 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 6E=10mm, the manufacturing parameter of 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 7E=5mm, the manufacturing parameter of 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 8E=1mm, the manufacturing parameter of 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 3 provides the maximum ga(u)ge E of continuous casting 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, fine-grained steel plate _MaxNumerical value and corresponding manufacturing parameter.Table 4～table 8 provides 0.23C amorphous, ultracrystallite, the crystallite of thickness E=20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm, the manufacturing parameter of fine-grained steel plate.In above-mentioned thickness range, just can confirm the associated production parameter through tabling look-up.

For crystallite (two) steel plate, because Δ m=0.284mm, when steel plate thickness during less than 2.84mm, Δ m＞E/10 does not meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition.Equally, fine-grained steel plate Δ m=0.899mm, the steel plate thickness E does not meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition during less than 9mm yet.Promptly the thin brilliant data of the crystallite of table 8 (two) data and table 7, table 8 can not be used.

In order to satisfy the manufacturing parameter requirement of table 3～table 8, the conticaster spraying system of L, R, C method should be able to:

For the 0.23C amorphous steel plate of E=1mm～8.9mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount should be able to be at 809dm ³/ min～7200dm ³Regulate in/min the scope, liquid nitrogen spray speed should be able to be regulated in 3.37m/s～30m/s scope.

For E=1mm～18mm 0.23C ultracrystallite steel plate, the liquid nitrogen spray amount should be able to be at 400dm ³/ min～7200dm ³Regulate in/min the scope, liquid nitrogen spray speed should be able to be regulated in 1.7m/s～30m/s scope.

For 0.23C crystallite () steel plate of E=1mm～25.5mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount should be able to be at 282.4dm ³/ min～7200dm ³Regulate in/min the scope, liquid nitrogen spray speed should be able to be regulated in 1.18m/s～30m/s scope.

For 0.23C crystallite (two) steel plate of E=1mm～80.6mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount should be able to be at 89.3dm ³/ min～7200dm ³Regulate in/min the scope, liquid nitrogen spray speed should be able to be regulated in 0.37m/s～30m/s scope.

For E=1mm～255mm 0.23C fine-grained steel plate, the liquid nitrogen spray amount should be able to be at 28.2dm ³/ min～7200dm ³Regulate in/min the scope, liquid nitrogen spray speed should be able to be regulated in 0.12m/s～30m/s scope.

The definite aluminium sheet relevant parameter and the thermal physical property parameter of eight L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter:

B-aluminium sheet width, B=1m;

The E-aluminium plate thickness, E=Xm;

L-latent heat, L=397.67KJ/Kg ^{[annex 1]}

λ _CP-average thermal conductivity factor, λ _CP=256.8 * 10 ^-3KJ/m ℃ of s ^{[annex 1]}

ρ _CP-averag density, ρ _CP=2.591 * 10 ³Kg/m ^{3 [annexes 1]}

C _CP-avergae specific heat, C _CP=1.085KJ/Kg ℃ ^{[annex 1]}

t ₁-solidify initial temperature, t ₁=750 ℃;

t ₂-solidify, cooling termination temperature t ₂=-190 ℃.

The low-temperature receiver condition is identical with the continuous casting of 0.23C steel plate.The liquid nitrogen thermophysical parameter is as shown in table 2.

Confirming of 1 L, R, C method and conticaster system casting non-crystal aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter

1.1L, R, C method and the casting maximum ga(u)ge E of conticaster system thereof _MaxConfirming of amorphous aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter

(1) confirms that the amorphous aluminium sheet solidifies, cools off the cooldown rate V of overall process _k

Get V _k=10 ⁷℃/s

(2) calculate Δ τ, calculate by formula (1)

$\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{t_1-t_2}{V_K}=\frac{750-(-190)}{{10}^7}=9.4\×{10}^{-5}s$

(3) calculate Δ m, calculate by formula (8)

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\sqrt{\frac{256.8\×{10}^{-3}}{2.591\×{10}^3\×1.085}\×9.4\×{10}^{-5}}=0.093\mathrm{mm}$

(4) calculate u, calculate by formula (10)

$u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\frac{0.093}{9.4\×{10}^{-5}}=59.15m/\min$

(5) calculate Δ V _Max, get K by formula (15) calculating _Max=30m/s.

ΔV _max＝2Bk _maxΔτh＝2×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×9.4×10 ^-5×2＝0.01128dm ³

(6) calculate Δ Q _2max, calculate by formula (16)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }r}{V^{\′}}=\frac{0.01128\×190.7}{1.281}=0.679\mathrm{KJ}$

(7) calculate E _Max, calculate by formula (17)

$E_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}}=\frac{1.679}{100\×0.0093\×2.59\×{10}^{-3}\×1.085\×940}=6.8\mathrm{mm}$

(8) calculate V _Max, by formula (19) ' calculating

V _max＝120BK _maxh＝120×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×2＝7200dm ³/min

(9) calculate V _Gmax, by formula (20) ' calculating

$V_{g\max }=\frac{120B{K}_{\max }}{V^{\′}}{V}^{\′\′}=\frac{120\×1\×{10}^3\×30\×{10}^3\×2}{1.281}\×122.3=687400.5{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

1.2L, the confirming of R, C method and the cast thickness E of conticaster system amorphous aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter

(1) gets E=5mm.The V of E=5mm _k, Δ τ, Δ m, u still and E _Max=6.8 o'clock parameter value is identical.Be V _k=10 ⁷℃/s, Δ τ=9.4 * 10 ^-5S, Δ m=0.093mm, u=59.15m/s.

(2) calculate X, calculate by formula (21)

$X=\frac{E_{\max }}{E}=\frac{6.8}{5}=1.36$

(3) calculate Δ V, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\ΔV}=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }}{X}=\frac{0.01128}{1.36}=0.0083{\mathrm{dm}}^3$

(4) calculate Δ Q ₂, calculate by formula (22)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_2=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{X}=\frac{1.679}{1.36}=1.24\mathrm{KJ}$

(5) calculate V, calculate by formula (22)

$V=\frac{V_{\max }}{X}=\frac{7200}{1.36}=5294.1{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(6) calculate V _g, calculate by formula (22)

$V_g=\frac{V_{g\max }}{X}=\frac{687400.5}{1.36}=505441.5{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

(7) calculating K calculates by formula (23)

$K=\frac{K_{\max }}{X}=\frac{30}{1.36}=22.1m/s$

Manufacturing parameter to L, R, C method continuous casting 0.23C amorphous steel plate and amorphous aluminium sheet compares and can know: (V under liquid nitrogen manufacturing parameter numerical value the same terms _Max=7200dm ³/ min, K _Max=30m/s, h=2mm), 0.23C amorphous steel plate maximum ga(u)ge E _Max=8.9mm, amorphous aluminium sheet E _Max=6.8mm, steel plate thick 1.31 times than aluminium sheet.But not grain steel sheet u=10.81m/min, amorphous aluminium sheet u=59.15m/min, promptly per minute can cast out the 0.23C amorphous steel plate 10.81m that thickness is 8.9mm, and but can produce thickness is the amorphous aluminium sheet 59.15m of 6.8mm.This is mainly because both Δ m numerical value differences cause.And the Δ m numerical value of amorphous metal structure is determined by formula (8).

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}---\left(8\right)$

α in the formula _CPThe average temperature diffusivity of-metal

$\begin{array}{cc}{\mathrm{\α}}_{\mathrm{CP}}=\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}{C}_{\mathrm{CP}}}& m^2/s\end{array}$

When using L, R, C method continuous casting of metals sheet material, if certain metal λ _CPBig and ρ _CPC _CPLess, then the heat of this metal conduction is big and quantity of heat storage is less, causes the Δ m length section numerical value of this metal bigger.Because the a-c face heat output of Fig. 2 is Δ Q ₁

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_1={\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}A\frac{\mathrm{\Δt}}{\mathrm{\Δm}}\mathrm{\Δ\τ}$

λ _CPIncrease Δ Q ₁Also increase, for keeping Δ Q ₁=Δ Q ₂, Δ Q ₂Also must increase.Δ Q ₂Be the interior heat energy that liquid metal is comprised in the Δ m length section.

ΔQ ₂＝BEΔmρ _CPC _CPΔt

The ρ of aluminium _CPC _CPLess, Δ Q ₂Increase Δ m is increased, Δ m increases makes Δ Q ₂Increase and also make Δ Q simultaneously ₁Reduce.When increasing to some numerical value, Δ m makes Δ Q ₁=Δ Q ₂The time, the numerical value of Δ m has also just been confirmed.

According to calculating, 0.23C steel α _CP=0.0203m ²/ h, aluminium α _CP=0.329m ²/ h, 0.23C steel Δ τ=1.74 * 10 ^-4S, Δ τ=9.4 * 10 of aluminium ^-5S.α _CPMake Δ m=0.093mm and the Δ m=0.03135mm of 0.23C amorphous steel of amorphous aluminium with Δ τ acting in conjunction result, both differ about 3 times.The Δ m of aluminium increases makes continuous casting speed increase to u=59.15m/min.This makes the hauling speed of the guiding hitch structure 6 among Fig. 1 will reach 59.15m/min.And motion requires steadily, the nothing vibration, and mechanism is provided with certain degree of difficulty.

Confirming of 2L, R, C method and conticaster system casting ultracrystallite aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter

Get cooldown rate V _k: 2 * 10 ⁶℃/s, 4 * 10 ⁶℃/s, 6 * 10 ⁶℃/s, 8 * 10 ⁶℃/s is as ultracrystallite aluminium sheet parameter combinations.

2.1L, R, C method and the casting cooldown rate V of conticaster system thereof _K=2 * 10 ⁶℃/the maximum ga(u)ge E of s _MaxConfirming of ultracrystallite aluminium sheet and manufacturing parameter

Get K _Max=30m/s, h=2mm immobilize.

(1) calculates Δ τ, calculate by formula (1)

$\mathrm{\Δ\τ}=\frac{t_1-t_2}{V_k}=\frac{750-(-190)}{2\×{10}^6}=4.7\×{10}^{-4}s$

(2) calculate Δ m

Discharge latent heat for ultracrystallite aluminium sheet, process of setting.Calculate by formula (9).

$\mathrm{\Δm}=\sqrt{\frac{{\mathrm{\λ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}}{{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)V_K}}\·\mathrm{\Δt}$

$=\sqrt{\frac{256.8\×{10}^{-3}}{2.591\×{10}^3(1.085\×940+397.67)\×2\×{10}^6}}\×940$

$=0.176\mathrm{mm}$

(3) calculate u, calculate by formula (10)

$u=\frac{\mathrm{\Δm}}{\mathrm{\Δ\τ}}=\frac{0.176}{4.7\×{10}^{-4}}=22.5m/\min$

(4) calculate Δ V _Max, calculate by formula (15)

ΔV _max＝2BK _maxΔτh＝2×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×4.7×10 ^-4×2＝0.0564dm ³

(5) calculate Δ Q _2max, calculate by formula (16)

$\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{V}_{\max }r}{V^{\′}}=\frac{0.0564\×190.7}{1.281}=8.4\mathrm{KJ}$

(6) calculate E _Max,, calculate by formula (18) for the ultracrystallite aluminium sheet

$E_{\max }=\frac{\mathrm{\Δ}{Q}_{2\max }}{\mathrm{B\Δm}{\mathrm{\ρ}}_{\mathrm{CP}}(C_{\mathrm{CP}}\mathrm{\Δt}+L)}$

$=\frac{8.4}{100\×0.0176\×2.591\×{10}^{-3}(1.085\×940+397.67)}$

$=13\mathrm{mm}$

(7) calculate V _Max, by formula (19) ' calculating

V _max＝120BK _maxh＝120×1×10 ³×30×10 ³×2＝7200dm ³/min

(8) calculate V _GmaxBy formula (20) ' calculating

$V_{g\max }=\frac{120{\mathrm{BK}}_{\max }h}{V^{\′}}{V}^{\′\′}=\frac{120\×1\×{10}^3\×30\×{10}^3\×2}{1.281}\×122.3$

$=687400.5{\mathrm{dm}}^3/\min$

To using cooldown rate V _K=2 * 10 ⁶℃/ ultracrystallite aluminium sheet that s produces other thickness E carries out manufacturing parameter and calculates; To using cooldown rate V _k=4 * 10 ⁶℃/s, 6 * 10 ⁶℃/s, 8 * 10 ⁶℃/s production maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxCarry out manufacturing parameter calculating with the ultracrystallite aluminium sheet of other thickness E; To using cooldown rate V _k=10 ⁶℃/s, 10 ⁵℃/s, 10 ⁴℃/s production maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxCarrying out manufacturing parameter with other crystallite (), crystallite (two), the thin brilliant aluminium sheet of thickness E calculates.Above-mentioned all result of calculation is all listed in table 9, table 10, table 11, table 12, table 13, table 14.Computational process repeats no more.

Table 9 amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet maximum ga(u)ge Emax and manufacturing parameter

(B＝1m、Kmax＝30m/s、h＝2mm)

Table 10E=20mm, the manufacturing parameter of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 11E=15mm, the manufacturing parameter of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 12E=10mm, the manufacturing parameter of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 13E=5mm, the manufacturing parameter of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 14E=1mm, the manufacturing parameter of amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet (B=1m, h=2mm)

Table 9 provides the maximum ga(u)ge E of continuous casting amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet _MaxNumerical value and corresponding manufacturing parameter.Table 10～table 14 provides the manufacturing parameter of thickness E=20mm, 15mm, 10mm, 5mm, 1mm amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant aluminium sheet.In above-mentioned thickness range, just can confirm the associated production parameter through tabling look-up.

For ultracrystallite aluminium sheet, cooling velocity V _k2 * 10 ⁶℃/s～6 * 10 ⁶℃/the s scope in, Δ m is between 0.176mm～0.102mm, when aluminium plate thickness during less than 1.76mm～1.02mm, Δ m＞E/10 does not meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition; For crystallite () aluminium sheet, Δ m=0.249mm is when aluminium plate thickness does not meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition during less than 2.5mm; For crystallite (two) aluminium sheet, Δ m=0.786mm is when aluminium plate thickness does not meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition during less than 7.86mm; For thin brilliant aluminium sheet, because Δ m=2.49mm, aluminium plate thickness must just can meet the one-dimensional stable heat conduction condition greater than 25mm.

Table 9～table 14 also provides the related data of L, R, C method conticaster spraying system adjustable range aspect liquid nitrogen spray amount V and liquid nitrogen spray speed K.

For guaranteeing that b face position is in hot-cast type 4 exits shown in Figure 2; When shaping-orientation haulage gear 6 and liquid nitrogen spray device 5, should consider to cast continuously speed u and liquid nitrogen spray amount V and can make micro-the adjusting according to the actual residing position of b face to guarantee that the b face is on the tram of hot-cast type outlet.For the C face of liquid nitrogen spray stream, then should join mutually at the C face with metal mold (plate) material to guarantee liquid nitrogen spray stream through change nozzle arrangements shown in Figure 2 with metal mold (plate) material 7 junctions.

The applicability of L, R, C method and conticaster system thereof is very strong, can cast amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure section bar and design, manufacturing L, the R of non-ferrous metals such as the steel of producing the various trades mark and specification and aluminium, copper, titanium, the conticaster system of C method continuously.The definite of its operation principle and manufacturing parameter can carry out with reference to amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, the thin brilliant sheet material calculating function of continuous casting 0.23C steel and aluminium.

Fig. 4 is L, R, C method and the hot-cast type outlet of conticaster system thereof upwards casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape schematic diagram.Be an alternative scheme, no longer detail.

The economic benefit of L, R, C method and conticaster system continuous casting amorphous thereof, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape:

Also do not have which factory, enterprise can use quick setting method to produce metal structure at present in the world wide and be amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant black and the section bar of non-ferrous metal all size.But the present invention can accomplish.The product that L, R, C method and conticaster system thereof produce will be monopolized global relevant market with good performance, reasonable prices.

A complete set of equipment according to Fig. 1, L shown in Figure 2, R, C ratio juris and relevant parameter design, L, R, C method and the conticaster automatic assembly line thereof made.Can monopolize the international market equally.

Large integrated enterprise for the amorphous of L, R, C method and conticaster system continuous casting black and non-ferrous metal, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape; Except that mine, smeltery, basic composition is smelter, liquid oxygen air separation plant and L, R, C method continuous casting factory.Great change will appear in old iron and steel and non-ferrous metal integrated complex.

Comprehensive above-mentioned aspect, economic benefit of the present invention, estimation in any case can be inundue.

Annex 1

Non-ferrous metal thermal propertys under different temperatures such as steel and aluminium, titanium, copper

Table 15 0.23C mild steel thermal property under different temperatures ^[7]

The common non-ferrous metal of table 16 thermal property under different temperatures ^[9]

Aluminium A1

Fusing point=(660 ± 1) ℃

Boiling point=(2320 ± 50) ℃

Latent heat of fusion q _Molten=_ (94 ± 1) kcal/kg

Average specific heat at constant pressure ${\stackrel{\‾}{C}}_P=0.214+0.5\×{10}^{-4}t,$ Kcal/kg ℃

(following formula is suitable for 0～600 ℃ of what)

Average specific heat at constant pressure

(being applicable to 658.6～1000 ℃)

Confirming of metal material evenly heat rerum natura

The hot physical data of black and non-ferrous metal all changes with temperature.When calculating relevant manufacturing parameter, all adopt the processing method of evenly heat physical data.But in the related data of the hot rerum natura of metal current material and temperature, common tabular of range of temperature is to the normal temperature state.Low-temperature heat rerum natura below 0 ℃ does not generally have relevant data information.For for simplicity, the physical data the when data of low-temperature heat rerum natura just adopt 0 ℃.The evenly heat physical data that obtains like this is bigger than normal.Therefore, the manufacturing parameter of using these evenly heat physical datas to obtain also is bigger than normal.Correct manufacturing parameter must be given finally confirming through pilot production.

0.23C confirming of steel evenly heat rerum natura

Avergae specific heat C _CpTreadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice fixed

Obtain the temperature and the specific heat relation data of 0.23C steel from table 15, list in table 17

Table 17 0.23C steel temperature and specific heat relation

See that from table 17 temperature is from below 750 ℃, specific heat numerical value descends with temperature.Low temperature below 0 ℃ is all got the specific heat numerical value when doing 0 ℃, 0.469KJ/Kgk than dsc data.This numerical value should be bigger than normal.

Amorphous metal transition temperature Tg and melting point metal temperature T m have following relation in liquid metal rapid solidification, the cooling procedure.Tg/Tm＞0.5 ^[1]

0.23C it is the temperature section of accomplishing amorphous transition that liquid steel drops to 750 ℃ fast from 1550 ℃.Concern the data can find out that from the t and the C of table 17 the avergae specific heat numerical value that in this temperature section, calculates is bigger.Should be bigger than normal and reliable with this average specific calorific value as the average specific calorific value that drops to-190 ℃ of whole processes from 1550 ℃.

The avergae specific heat of 1300 ℃ of-1550 ℃ of temperature sections.Get liquid steel specific heat of combustion C _LAverage specific calorific value as this temperature section.C _L＝0.84KJ/kg·℃ ^[8]。

Calculate the avergae specific heat C of 1300 ℃ of-750 ℃ of temperature sections _CP1

C _CPl＝(0.686+0.661+0.644+0.644+0.644+0.954+1.431)÷7

＝0.8031?KJ/Kg·℃

Calculate 1550 ℃ of-750 ℃ of average specific calorific value C _CP2

C _CP2＝(C _L+C _CP1)÷2＝(0.84+0.8031)÷2

＝0.822?KJ/kg·℃

Get 0.23C steel average specific calorific value C _CP=0.822 KJ/kg ℃

Average thermal conductivity factor λ _CPConfirm

Table 18 0.23C steel temperature and thermal conductivity factor relation

Calculate 0 ℃ of-1200 ℃ of thermal conductivity factor λ _CPMean value

λ _CP＝(51.8+51.0+48.6+44.4+42.6+39.3+35.6+31.8 +28.5+25.9+26.4+27.2+28.5+29.7)÷14

＝36.5?w/m·℃

Get 0.23C steel thermal conductivity factor mean value λ _CP=36.5 * 10 ^-3KJ/ms ℃.See from 750 ℃ of-1200 ℃ of temperature section λ values, get λ _CP=36.5 KJ/ms ℃ numerical value is bigger than normal.It also is bigger than normal and reliable being used for calculating heat output, spraying amount of liquid nitrogen.

Confirming of aluminium evenly heat rerum natura

Avergae specific heat C _CPConfirm

Table 19 aluminium temperature territory specific heat relation

Calculate 300 ℃-600 ℃ hot mean value C of aluminum ratio _CP

C _CP＝(1.038+1.059+1.101+1.143)÷4

＝1.085?KJ/kg·℃

Get the specific heat mean value C of aluminium _CP=1.085 KJ/Kg ℃

Average thermal conductivity factor λ _CPConfirm

Table 20 aluminium temperature and thermal conductivity factor relation

Calculate 300 ℃-600 ℃ aluminium thermal conductivity factor mean value λ _CP

λ _CP＝(230+249+268+280)÷4

＝256.8×10 ^-3KJ/m·s·℃

Get the thermal conductivity factor mean value λ of aluminium _CP=256.8 * 10 ^-3KJ/ms ℃

Averag density _CPConfirm

Table 21 aluminium temperature and density relationship

Calculate 300 ℃-600 ℃ aluminium density mean value ρ _CP

ρ _CP＝(2.65+2.62+2.58+2.55)÷4

＝2.591×10 ³kg/m ³

Get the density mean value ρ of aluminium _CP=2.591 * 10 ³Kg/m ³

The hot rerum natura of other non-ferrous metals such as aluminium alloy, copper alloy, titanium alloy etc. can be found in relevant handbook, repeats no more at this.

Annex 2 liquid nitrogen thermophysical propertys ^[10]

Chapter?5

NITROGEN?AND?AMMONIA

NITROGEN(N ₂)

Molecular?weight?28.016

t _boil＝77.35? ⁰k?at?760mm?Hg；t _melt＝63.15? ⁰K；t _cr＝126.25? ⁰k；

p _cp＝33.96bar；p _cr＝304?kg/m ³

Thermodynamic?properties?of?saturated?nitrogen[14l，142]；

V(dm ³/kg)，C _p(KJ/kg·deg)，i?and?r(KJ/Kg)and?S(KJ/Kg·deg)

continued

List of references

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Claims (4)

1. the method for low temperature, rapid solidification, continuous casting process casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite or thin brilliant shape or sheet material is characterized in that:

Serviceability temperature t _b=-190 ℃, pressure P _bThe constant temperature of=1bar, the low-temperature working medium liquid nitrogen of constant voltage, low-temperature working chamber (8) and temperature t=-190 ℃, pressure P=1.877bar is as powerful work low-temperature receiver; In the operating room; Through liquid nitrogen spray device (5) different liquid nitrogen spray amount V is sprayed to the shape or the sheet material (7) of the different trades mark with the liquid nitrogen of different liquid nitrogen spray speed K and changeless liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, the outlet section configuration of hot-cast type, size should be consistent with section configuration, the size of section bar of producing or sheet material; When the liquid nitrogen spray device sprays liquid nitrogen; Leaving width through guiding haulage gear (6) with continuous casting speed u traction shape or sheet material is that B, thickness are the rectangular cross section outlet of the hot-cast type of E; In the Δ τ time interval, pull out Δ m metal length section as thin as a wafer; Spraying liquid nitrogen intersects at the C section with the surface of shape that pulls out or sheet material; In the above-mentioned same Δ τ time interval, spray liquid nitrogen with the gasification heat absorbing mode, with the liquid metal in the Δ m length section from beginning setting temperature t ₁Solidify and be cooled to t ₂=-190 ℃ internal heat energy is all taken away apace; Liquid metal in the Δ m length section will be with the cooldown rate V of different rapid solidifications _KBe condensed into corresponding amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal structure, constantly repeat amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape or sheet material that said process just can cast out the ferrous and nonferrous metals of the different trades mark, different size continuously; Last extract system through a brute force again will spray liquid nitrogen and all discharge the operating room rapidly in time through the nitrogen that endothermic gasification produced; Constant to guarantee the operating temperature in the operating room (8) for-190 ℃; Constant pressure is for being slightly larger than 1bar, and the extract system of described brute force is arranged on the left that faces the liquid nitrogen spray device; Described C cross section is exactly a cross section on the metal, and the temperature on this cross section just reaches cooling termination temperature t ₂And

1.1 confirm the only manufacturing parameter computing formula relevant: cooldown rate V with metal fever rerum natura and metal structure _k, continuous casting in the rapid solidification, cooling interval Δ τ, the Δ τ time interval metal length section Δ m, continuous casting speed u;

1.2 confirm to adopt high jet velocity, as thin as a wafer liquid film and homogeneous phase gasification spraying technique and with hot rerum natura of liquid nitrogen and the relevant liquid nitrogen spray parameter formula of heat that only comprises with shape or sheet material: liquid nitrogen spray amount V, liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h, liquid nitrogen spray speed K, liquid nitrogen spray amount V gasification are shared volume V behind the nitrogen _g

1.3 confirm casting maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxAmorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape or board materials production CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS formula with other thickness E.

2. by the method for the described low temperature of claim 1, rapid solidification, continuous casting process casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite or thin brilliant shape or sheet material, it is characterized in that:

For the casting of sheet metal, related technical parameters is calculated acquisition as follows:

1) confirms the cooldown rate V of ferrous and nonferrous metals rapid solidification _K

For amorphous metal tissue, V _K>=10 ⁷℃/S;

For ultracrystallite metal structure, V _K=10 ⁶℃/S～10 ⁷℃/S;

For crystallite metal structure, V _K=10 ⁴℃/S～10 ⁶℃/S;

For thin brilliant metal structure, V _K≤10 ⁴℃/S;

2) confirm rapid solidification, cooling interval Δ τ, Δ τ is that to produce width be that B, thickness are the liquid metal that the Δ m length section of E rectangular cross section comprises, by solidifying initial temperature t ₁Begin to solidify, be cooled to final temperature t ₂=-190 ℃ of required time intervals of overall process,

Δτ＝Δt/V _K S

3) calculate Δ τ in the time interval, a cross section is to the heat output Δ Q of Δ m length section between the C cross section ₁, described a cross section is a cross section of metal, on this cross section, the temperature of metal just reaches the temperature t that liquid metal begins to solidify ₁, as long as sheet metal thickness E＞10 Δ m, the heat conduction between a cross section and C cross section can be thought the one-dimensional stable heat transfer through plane wall, according to one-dimensional stable heat transfer through plane wall principle, in the Δ τ time interval, a cross section is to the heat output Δ Q of the Δ m length section between the C cross section ₁,

ΔQ ₁＝λ _CPAΔτΔt/Δm KJ

4) calculate the interior heat energy Δ Q of liquid metal that Δ m metal length section comprises ₂

For amorphous metal

ΔQ ₂＝BEΔmρ _CPC _CPΔt KJ

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal

ΔQ ₂＝BEΔmρ _CP(C _CPΔt+L) KJ

5) confirm continuous casting of metals length section Δ m in the Δ τ time interval

For amorphous metal

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant metal

6) calculate continuous casting speed u

u＝Δm/Δτm/s

7) confirm the liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V that in the Δ τ time interval, heat energy in the Δ m length section liquid metal all taken away

ΔV＝ΔQ ₂V′/r dm ³

8) confirm liquid nitrogen spray amount V and liquid nitrogen spray amount V at p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the volume Vg that the gasification back is shared

V＝60.ΔV/Δτ＝60.ΔQ ₂V′/(rΔτ)dm ³/min

V _g＝60.ΔQ ₂V″/(rΔτ) dm ³/min

9) confirm liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h, liquid nitrogen spray speed K

h＝ΔQ ₂V′/(2BKrΔτ)mm

Described Δ t is the temperature difference between a cross section and the C cross section, Δ t=t ₁-t ₂℃;

K is liquid nitrogen spray speed m/s

λ _CpBe W/m ℃ of average metal heat-conducting coefficient;

A is the sectional area m perpendicular to the heat conduction direction ²

B is sheet metal width m;

E is sheet metal thickness m;

ρ _CpBe average density metal g/cm ³

C _CpBe average metal specific heat KJ/Kg ℃;

L is metal latent heat KJ/Kg;

V ' is the liquid nitrogen specific volume, sprays liquid nitrogen at p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, and the volume dm of 1kg liquid nitrogen ³/ Kg;

R is a liquid nitrogen latent heat, and at p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the 1kg liquid nitrogen gasification is the heat KJ/Kg that nitrogen absorbed;

" for spraying liquid nitrogen at p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the 1kg liquid nitrogen gasification is volume dm shared behind the nitrogen to V ³/ Kg.

3. by the method for the described low temperature of claim 2, rapid solidification, continuous casting process casting non-crystal, ultracrystallite, crystallite or thin brilliant shape or sheet material, it is characterized in that:

When the sheet material of cast metal, confirm to produce the maximum ga(u)ge E of sheet metal _MaxWith other thickness E calculating functions:

1) calculates acquisition V by described preceding 6 formulas of claim 2 _K, Δ τ, Δ Q ₁, Δ Q ₂, Δ m, u numerical value;

2) calculate Δ V _Max

ΔV _max＝2BK _maxΔτh?dm ³

Get K _Max=30m/s, B=1m, h=2mm, the h value is invariable in calculating afterwards;

3) calculate Δ Q2 _Max

ΔQ _2max＝ΔV _maxr/V′KJ

4) confirm E _Max

For noncrystal sheet material

E _max＝ΔQ2 _max/(BΔm?ρ _CPC _CPΔt)mm

For ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant sheet material

E _max＝ΔQ _2max/(BΔm?ρ _CP(C _CPΔt+L))mm

5) calculate Vmax and Vgmax

V _max＝120BK _maxh?dm ³/min

V _gmax＝120BK _maxhV″/V′dm ³/min

6) calculate proportionality coefficient x

x＝E _max/E

7) calculate the technological parameter of other steel plate thickness E

E _MaxWith Δ m, the u of E is identical

Be calculated as follows Δ Q ₂, Δ V, V, V _g

x＝ΔQ _2max/ΔQ ₂＝ΔV _max/ΔV＝V _max/V＝V _gmax/V _g

8) calculating K

Under the constant situation of h=2mm, the liquid nitrogen spray amount is by V _MaxDrop to V, liquid nitrogen spray speed also will be by K _MaxDrop to K

x＝K _max/K

Calculate according to above-mentioned formula, can get:

Amorphous steel plate E _Max=8.9mm

Ultracrystallite steel plate E _Max=9mm, 10.4mm, 12.8mm or 18mm

Crystallite steel plate E _Max=25.5mm or 80.6mm

The liquid nitrogen spray amount of above-mentioned Δ V in the Δ τ time interval, heat energy in the Δ m length section liquid metal all being taken away;

Δ V _MaxFor at maximum liquid nitrogen spray speed K _Max=30m/s, liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness h=2mm, under the changeless condition of sheet metal width B=1m, in the Δ τ time interval, the amount of liquid nitrogen that liquid nitrogen spray device (5) is sprayed;

Δ Q _2maxFor at maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount Δ V _MaxThe heat KJ that is absorbed when being gasified totally;

K _MaxBe maximum liquid nitrogen spray speed m/s;

K is liquid nitrogen spray speed m/s;

H is liquid nitrogen spray layer thickness mm;

V _MaxBe maximum liquid nitrogen spray amount dm ³/ min;

V _gFor liquid nitrogen spray amount V at p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the volume dm that gasification back is shared ³

V _GmaxBe liquid nitrogen maximum injection quantity V _MaxAt p=1.877bar, under the t=-190 ℃ of state, the volume dm that the gasification back is shared ³

4. a low temperature, rapid solidification, continuous casting process conticaster system, it is characterized in that: conticaster is mainly by constituting with lower device:

1) temperature t of use vaccum thermal insulation technique _b=-190 ℃, pressure P _bThe constant temperature of=1bar, constant voltage operating room (8) and shape or sheet material cut off, rotating device; The liquid nitrogen temperature of work indoor environment temperature and liquid nitrogen spray device (5) ejection all is-190 ℃, can guarantee only to carry out heat exchange with shape or the sheet material that continuous casting goes out from the liquid nitrogen of liquid nitrogen spray device ejection;

2) the hot-cast type (4) of fire-resistant and heat-insulating material;

3) liquid nitrogen spray device (5) and liquid nitrogen spray system; Liquid nitrogen spray system and nozzle are arranged in the hot-cast type (4); Adopt heat-insulating material to connect at the place of interconnecting; Spray the C section that liquid nitrogen and shape or sheet material interface point are located at the outlet of hot-cast type, the rate of air sucked in required V of liquid nitrogen spray amount V, liquid nitrogen spray speed K and the powerful air extractor of liquid nitrogen spray device _g, all should be able to regulate V, K, V _gThe numerical value adjustable range should be according to the requirement of metal species and metal structure, according to low temperature, rapid solidification, continuous casting process and the casting maximum ga(u)ge E of conticaster system thereof _MaxConfirm after calculating with amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape or the board materials production CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS formula of other thickness E;

4) shape or sheet material guiding draw-gear (6), the adjustable range of its continuous casting speed u size should be according to the requirement of different metal kind, different metal tissue, according to low temperature, rapid solidification, continuous casting process and conticaster casting maximum ga(u)ge E _MaxConfirm after calculating with amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant shape or the board materials production CALCULATION OF PARAMETERS formula of other thickness E; For guaranteeing that the b face is in hot-cast type exit; When shaping-orientation haulage gear and liquid nitrogen spray device; Should consider to cast continuously speed u and liquid nitrogen spray amount V can make the trace adjusting according to the actual residing position of b face, is on the tram of hot-cast type outlet to guarantee the b face; The corresponding techniques requirement that the exercise performance of guiding haulage gear should propose with reference to the margin of tolerance of shape that casts continuously or sheet material;

5) powerful air extractor;

6) liquid metals transhipment and cast auxiliary equipment;

7) in order to cast out amorphous, ultracrystallite, crystallite, thin brilliant best in quality, qualified shape or relevant device, the device of sheet material.

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