CN101078494A - Navigation mark lamp unit and its uses - Google Patents
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- CN101078494A CN101078494A CNA2007101177210A CN200710117721A CN101078494A CN 101078494 A CN101078494 A CN 101078494A CN A2007101177210 A CNA2007101177210 A CN A2007101177210A CN 200710117721 A CN200710117721 A CN 200710117721A CN 101078494 A CN101078494 A CN 101078494A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a pharos cell and the application, belonging to the design technical field for 3-D optical system of LED light source without rotational symmetry. It is characterized in that the cell contains pharos lens; the internal surface of said pharos lens is the side alignment surface which compresses light to a certain angle along the X direction and the external surface of said pharos lens is the even light surface where light intensity is distributed evenly in the other given angle in YZ plane; said X, Y and Z are three orthogonal axes in space respectively. The invention can make light emitted by LED light source align to the given angle on a direction and make light intensity be distributed evenly in the given angle on the vertical direction. It is very appropriately fit for optical system, for example, pharos, which requires high demands for side alignment and light intensity control.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the three-dimensional optical system design field that does not have rotational symmetry at led light source.
Background technology
LED is as a kind of novel solid light source, compares with traditional light source to have a lot of advantages, and as energy-conservation, environmental protection, therefore characteristics such as the life-span is long are highly suitable for the light source as various lighting fields, such as the light source of navigation light.
Navigation light guarantees the enforcement of the safety of dealing ship, has a very important role for the river transport and the shipping interest of China.Lighting requirement according to navigation light, the light that light source need be sent is being compressed to angle in the scope of positive and negative 5 degree on the direction of longitude, the ship of coming from all directions on the direction of latitude, can form simultaneously a uniform light distribution, so that can clearly be observed the position of navigation light.There is lack of homogeneity in traditional navigation light design at led light source, and therefore low the and rare problem of dispelling the heat of efficient presses for a kind of high uniformity, high efficiency, installation and the novel optical system easily that dispels the heat.
At the collimation design aspect of non-imaging, refractive surface and reflecting surface are two kinds of means that adopt usually.When needing the light angle of deviation smaller, can adopt refractive surface to finish the deviation task; When the angle that needs deviation light surpasses the converging power of refractive surface, then adopt reflecting surface to finish the deviation task.In traditional collimating optical system, the structure that middle refractive surface adds peripheral toothed has very good collimation performance, therefore be widely adopted in various collimating structures, in United States Patent (USP) (No:4,337,795), multiple tooth structure has been adopted in the cross section of optical system, whole optical system has a centre rotational axis, and the cross section is rotated according to central shaft, and just the light with all angles all collimates.In United States Patent (USP) (No:6,547,423), collimating structure has adopted the structure of monodentate, and optical system also has the rotating shaft at center.Because the similar tulip of optical system behind the spin crossover is so this LED optical system also becomes the tulip collimation lens.In above-mentioned collimation design, all light is through behind the deviation of lens, all basically along the axis direction outgoing, can't finish collimation compression in one direction, simultaneously diverge to the requirement of a given light distribution above the direction at another, therefore be necessary existing structure is further expanded on the asymmetrical direction of three-dimensional, thereby obtain meeting the three-dimensional optical system of the non-rotating symmetry that three dimensional design requires.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the above-mentioned shortcoming that the traditional optical design exists, a kind of navigation mark lamp unit has been proposed, this navigation mark lamp unit is the three-dimensional optical structure with rotational symmetry, the light that sends from light source can be compressed in a direction, simultaneously can control light distribution very accurately in another vertical direction, thereby can design the very simple compact optical system of high uniformity, high efficiency and structure according to the illumination needs of reality, be particularly suitable for the use of navigation light.
The navigation mark lamp unit of proposition of the present invention, contain led light source, package lens and substrate, it is characterized in that, also contain the navigation light lens, the inner surface of described navigation light lens is for surperficial at the side collimation that the x direction of principal axis is compressed to a given angle with light, and the outer surface of described navigation light lens is one makes light intensity equally distributed even optical surface in another given angle of yz axial plane; Described x, y and z are respectively the axle of three quadratures in the space.
Refraction collimation surface and monodentate/multiple tooth total reflection collimation surface are contained in described side collimation surface; The shape that the cross section of x axle is crossed on described side collimation surface be the middle part to the x crown of roll go out, monodentate or the multiple tooth shape of both sides for extending to the x direction of principal axis; The projection at middle part, described cross section is refraction collimation surface around the surface that the rotation of x axle forms, and the monodentate of both sides, described cross section or multiple tooth shape are monodentate/multiple tooth total reflection collimation surface around the surface that the rotation of x axle forms.
Described even optical surface is one to be the even optical surface of arch of axis with the x axle, and the even optical surface of described arch is in the curvature at the middle part of the circumferencial direction curvature less than both sides.
A kind of mode that navigation mark lamp unit is used as navigation light is characterized in that the x axis normal that makes the navigation light lens evenly distributes the circumference of 2 above navigation mark lamp units along the navigation mark lamp stand in horizontal plane.
The another kind of mode that navigation mark lamp unit is used as navigation light is characterized in that the x axis normal that makes the navigation light lens evenly distributes the circumference of 2 above navigation mark lamp units along the navigation mark lamp stand in horizontal plane, forms row's navigation mark lamp unit; Arrange the above navigation mark lamp unit of two rows on the described navigation mark lamp stand, form the navigation mark lamp unit array.
Evidence, the light that the present invention can send led light source is collimated to given angle in one direction, on vertical direction, in given angle, form uniform light distribution, be very suitable for the application that offside collimation such as navigation light and light intensity are controlled the optical system that all has high requirements.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross section with monodentate structure straight sidewall collimating optics surface;
Fig. 2 is the cross section with collimating optical system of monodentate structure curve sidewall;
Fig. 3 is the cross section with multiple tooth structure straight sidewall collimating optics surface;
Fig. 4 is the cross section with multiple tooth structure curve sidewall collimating optics surface;
Fig. 5 is the lighting requirement schematic diagram of navigation light;
Fig. 6 is the side collimation schematic cross-section of navigation mark lamp unit;
Fig. 7 is the navigation light lens perspective view of monodentate side collimating structure design;
Fig. 8 is the schematic cross-section of even optical surface;
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the navigation light of 6 60 degree monodentate navigation mark lamp units combination;
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the navigation light of 6 the 60 multiple tooth navigation mark lamp unit combinations of degree;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram that the navigation light array is installed;
Figure 12 a is the simulation result that adopts Fig. 7 structure;
Figure 12 b is the simulation result that adopts Fig. 9 structure.
The specific embodiment
Main feature of the present invention is, combine the collimation principle of collimation lens in the prior art, the shape that keeps existing collimation lens cross section, this cross section round another root axle rotation vertical with the axis of the collimation lens of prior art, has been obtained light collimation side collimation surface of (in 5 degree scopes) in a certain definite angular range.In addition, on the exit surface of lens, carried out the arcuate surface design, made the curvature of its middle part curvature, thereby make the light intensity of outgoing in setting range, evenly distribute less than both sides.Such design has been satisfied navigation light fully and in vertical direction light has been compressed to certain limit, and makes the equally distributed needs of light in the horizontal direction.
The cross sectional shape on side collimation of the present invention surface is identical with the shape in the collimation lens cross section of prior art, introduces the shape and the operation principle in several collimations of the prior art cross section here earlier.From the light that led light source sends, middle paraxial partly needs the angle of deviation smaller, can adopt refractive surface to carry out deviation; Along with the change of rising angle is big, rim ray needs the angle of deviation also constantly to become big, adopts refractive surface that total reflection takes place possibly, produces a large amount of not controlled light.Therefore, for the bigger light source of deviation angle, can control by the specialized designs total reflection surface.Present total reflection surface mainly comprises monodentate design and multiple tooth design, and the collimation design of dentation has good collimation performance.
Fig. 1 is the cross section that an edge has the collimation lens of monodentate total reflection surface, can see that chip 11 is encapsulated in the lens 13 and substrate 12 on.The smaller paraxial ray of the angle with optical axis 14 that sends from chip at first passes through the once lenslet 13 of encapsulation, refractive surface 15 by the centre collimates then, when light after the angle of axis surpasses certain angle, light is at first by a given surface 16, and then incides total reflection surface 17 and collimate.As shown in Figure 1, the transversal 16 of given optical surface on shaft section is the straightways with certain angle, and the upper surface of collimation lens is a plane 18.15,16,17 curves along optical axis 14 rotations, are obtained collimation lens.
Fig. 2 also is the cross section that an edge has the collimation lens of monodentate total reflection surface, chip 21 be encapsulated in the lens 23 and substrate 22 on, compare as can be seen with Fig. 1, middle refractive surface 25 is identical.Be that with Fig. 1 difference the transversal 26 of given optical surface on shaft section is known conic section sections, because the shape that has changed given curved surface need recomputate the curve 27 of total reflection surface, 25,26,27 curves along optical axis 24 rotations, are obtained collimation lens.The given surface of collimation lens and total reflection surface can adopt the method for solving of folded band to obtain, the direction of position of a point, back and tangent line obtains on the known basis of the position of previous point and tangential direction, this method is a known method, can be referring to (W.B.Elmer.TheOptical Design of Reflectors (optical design of reflecting surface) [M], 2nd.New York:Wiley, 1980).
Fig. 3 is the cross section that an edge has the collimation lens of multiple tooth total reflection surface, chip 31 be encapsulated in the lens 33 and substrate 32 on.Can see from chip 31 is that send still collimating,, then adopt the total reflection surface 37 of multiple tooth structure to collimate for surpassing the light of certain angle with axis angle by the refractive surface 35 of centre with the smaller paraxial ray of axis 34 angles.Light at first by given surface 36, incides total reflection surface 37 then.In Fig. 3, the intersection of given surface and shaft section is a series of straightway 36 with certain inclination angle, the straightway 36 of the light of different angles and different sections intersects the back refraction and enters the inside of optical system, incides total reflection surface 37, by total reflection surface 37 collimation outgoing.
Fig. 4 also is the optical system of a multiple tooth structure, be with the difference of Fig. 3, the intersection of given surface and shaft section is a series of conic section section 46, changed given curved section after, recomputate the shape 47 that obtains total reflection surface, other parts are identical with Fig. 3,41 is led light source, and 42 is substrate, and 43 is package lens, 44 is axis, and 45 is middle refractive surface.Adopt multiple tooth structure to have the compact more characteristics of structure, thereby have collimation application widely.
In four kinds of above-mentioned collimating structures, for the light that light source can be sent is collimated to axis direction all, the collimating optical system of design all has the axis at a center.The optical cross section that designs after being rotated, central axis has just been obtained effective collimating optical system.
Yet in some other application scenarios, do not need the light of light source is all collimated on all directions.Fig. 5 is that the light distribution of navigation light requires: the emergent ray of navigation light 53 has very narrow half-angle on vertical direction 51 wide, usually require less than 5 degree, then having uniform light intensity angle in the horizontal direction on 52 distributes, do not need to collimate, therefore above-mentioned 4 kinds of optical systems with rotational symmetry all can not satisfy this designing requirement.。
Therefore the present invention proposes the design principle of side collimation.As shown in Figure 6, light source is positioned at the position of initial point, side colimated light system of design above light source, it can be the side colimated light system of dentation (monodentate or multiple tooth), the shape in the cross section that forms is intersected in the cross section of this side colimated light system and x axle can be identical with any one cross section among Fig. 1～Fig. 4, this cross section need not be rotated around central shaft z axle, but around x axle Rotate 180 degree, therefore incident ray x direction of principal axis component can be eliminated, keep emergent ray simultaneously along constant along the synthetic component direction of x and z axle component originally.The refractive surface 61 that only drawn among Fig. 6, this refractive surface 61 be around x axle Rotate 180 degree, and 61a, 61b, 61c are respectively the cross section of refractive surface 61 when rotating to different angles, and z ' rotates to the direction of a certain angle for the z axle.Wherein x, y, z axle are three axles of quadrature in the space.Dentation side collimation total reflection surface is not shown in the drawings.
If directly according to the colimated light system of existing collimation, its exit surface is a plane, exists output intensity problem pockety.The common output intensity of light source such as LED distributes and is inhomogeneous, the z direction of principal axis light intensity height on vertical chip surface, big more with chip surface vertical direction angle, light intensity is low more, has designed the exit surface of an arch in order to make emergent ray can form uniform angular distribution.
The monodentate collimating structure forms side collimation plane 71 around x axle rotation back among Fig. 7, can eliminate light source and emit beam along the component of x axle.On side collimation plane basis, design and to form in the 120 degree angles refractive surface 72 on the equally distributed arch.73 is the sectional views of these navigation light lens in the plane of y axle and z axle.As seen the outer surface of whole lens is the arch column, and the x axle can be considered the axis of this arch post.
Fig. 8 is the front view in cross section 73, for crossing the cross sectional shape in z axle and the y axial plane, also is the cross sectional shape of arch post at circumferencial direction.Chip 81 be encapsulated in the packaged lens 83 and substrate 82 on, 85 is the even light upper surface transversal planar of whole lens, the curvature of transversal core 85a is little, incident ray is dispersed to both sides through superrefraction; The ratio of curvature of both sides of the edge part 85b is bigger, and incident ray converges to the center through superrefraction, thereby forms uniform light distribution.Dotted line 86 is the lines of demarcation on center and surface.The amount of curvature of center and both sides determined by designing requirement, as long as the curvature that satisfies core is less than both sides curvature.The even light upper surface of lens can be regarded the cylinder that section line 85 forms along the translation of x direction of principal axis as.The lens lower surface (is that the transversal 84 of side collimation surface in this plane is for semicircle, because the transversal that is monodentate or multiple tooth colimated light system rotates around the x axle, therefore formed side collimation surface is at the diverse location of x axle, and the radius of its cross section semicircle 84 is also inequality.The side collimation surface of bottom and the even optical surface on top are made up, just can obtain a three-dimensional and not have the optical system of rotational symmetry, can collimate in one direction, on another perpendicular direction, form uniform light distribution simultaneously.
Fig. 9 and Figure 10 are the concrete application of the present invention in the navigation light design.
What adopt among Fig. 9 is the navigation mark lamp unit on the side collimation surface of monodentate, promptly collimate the cross section along the side that x axle Rotate 180 degree obtains according to cross section shown in Figure 1,95 are the even optical surface of arch column, each unit 92 all satisfy 60 the degree distribute with interior uniform light intensity angle, in order in 360 degree, can both clearly to be observed, can adopt 6 identical optical systems, install one along a circumference every 60 degree and realize design object.In the application of navigation light, the axis x axle of navigation mark lamp unit should be perpendicular to horizontal plane y-z plane, make around this axis rotation to side collimation surface light can be collimated in vertical direction up and down in the 5 degree scopes; Even optical surface can make the even distribution of emergent ray in the horizontal direction, and the angle of distribution can need to decide on design.Wherein 91 is led light source, and 93 is package lens, and 94 are monodentate side collimation surface.Adopt 6 such navigation mark lamp units evenly to distribute on circumference, can look has uniform light distribution on the whole circumference direction.
What adopt among Figure 10 is the navigation mark lamp unit on multiple tooth side collimation surface, the same with Fig. 9, and each unit 102 all satisfies at 60 degree and distributes with interior uniform light intensity angle.In order in 360 degree, can both clearly to be observed, can adopt 6 identical optical systems, install one along a circumference every 60 degree and realize design object.Wherein 104 is multiple tooth side collimation surface, and 105 are even optical surface, and 101 is led light source, and 103 is package lens.
Thereby Figure 11 satisfies relevant standard and regulation in order to improve the distribution of light intensity angle, can increase the number of navigation mark lamp units 112 along the pole 111 that navigation light is installed, and formation navigation mark lamp unit array is realized the requirement of light intensity.
Figure 12 a is for adopting the simulation result of Fig. 7 structure, and in the horizontal direction, the light of LED is formed uniform light distribution by even optical surface refraction, and in vertical direction, the surface control of the tested collimation of the light of LED forms good collimated light beam.
Figure 12 b is the overall policy result who adopts Fig. 9 structure, can see, simply several LEDs is arranged by certain angle, has just obtained the even light distribution of full-shape 360 degree on the horizontal direction.
The lens of the present invention's design have non-rotating symmetry, and the light that can send light source in one direction collimates, and control in the face of the light intensity angle distributes in vertical direction simultaneously.Because the present invention will collimate design and given intensity Distribution Design is carried out effective combination, therefore the optical system of design has the control ability of good side collimation capability and the distribution of light intensity angle, also have simultaneously very high energy transmission efficiency, these all be traditional optical texture can not reach.The present invention can be applied in as navigation light, in the optical system design that offsides such as car headlamp collimation and light intensity control all have high requirements.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of navigation mark lamp unit, contain led light source, package lens and substrate, it is characterized in that, also contain the navigation light lens, the inner surface of described navigation light lens is for surperficial at the side collimation that the x direction of principal axis is compressed to a given angle with light, and the outer surface of described navigation light lens is one makes light intensity equally distributed even optical surface in another given angle of yz axial plane; Described x, y and z are respectively the axle of three quadratures in the space.
2, navigation mark lamp unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, refraction collimation surface and monodentate/multiple tooth total reflection collimation surface are contained in described side collimation surface; The shape that the cross section of x axle is crossed on described side collimation surface be the middle part to the x crown of roll go out, monodentate or the multiple tooth shape of both sides for extending to the x direction of principal axis; The projection at middle part, described cross section is refraction collimation surface around the surface that the rotation of x axle forms, and the monodentate of both sides, described cross section or multiple tooth shape are monodentate/multiple tooth total reflection collimation surface around the surface that the rotation of x axle forms.
3, navigation mark lamp unit as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described even optical surface is one to be the even optical surface of arch of axis with the x axle, and the even optical surface of described arch is in the curvature at the middle part of the circumferencial direction curvature less than both sides.
4, the application of navigation mark lamp unit is characterized in that, the x axis normal that makes the navigation light lens evenly distributes the circumference of 2 above navigation mark lamp units along the navigation mark lamp stand in horizontal plane.
5, the application of navigation mark lamp unit is characterized in that, the x axis normal that makes the navigation light lens evenly distributes the circumference of 2 above navigation mark lamp units along the navigation mark lamp stand in horizontal plane, forms row's navigation mark lamp unit; Arrange the above navigation mark lamp unit of two rows on the described navigation mark lamp stand, form the navigation mark lamp unit array.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2007101177210A CN100538157C (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | A kind of navigation mark lamp unit |
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| CNB2007101177210A CN100538157C (en) | 2007-06-22 | 2007-06-22 | A kind of navigation mark lamp unit |
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| CN101078494A true CN101078494A (en) | 2007-11-28 |
| CN100538157C CN100538157C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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| CN101776243B (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-12-26 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Lamp capable of forming strip light spots and transmission element thereof |
| CN105180095A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 重庆平伟光电科技有限公司 | Uniform light intensity LED reflection light emitting method based on non-imagining optics |
| CN105650597A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-08 | 通用电气照明解决方案有限责任公司 | Lighting device and refrigerator using lighting device |
| CN105953175A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-09-21 | 杭州光锥科技有限公司 | Projection lamp lens, light-emitting module with projection lamp lens and projection lamp |
| CN105987350A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-05 | 深圳市耀嵘科技有限公司 | Led light distribution lens |
| CN106164576A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2016-11-23 | 飞利浦灯具控股公司 | Optical device and illumination apparatus |
| CN107178726A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 福建吉星智能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of navigation light Optical devices based on compound Fresnel Lenses |
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| CN107448781A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 上海小糸车灯有限公司 | A kind of LED collimation Uniform Illumination structure and its implementation for rectangle vehicle light shape |
| CN108561850A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-09-21 | 佛山市中山大学研究院 | A kind of lateral broad illumination lens |
| CN108800062A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 刘世芬 | A kind of collimation lens |
| CN110007390A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-12 | 青岛亿联客信息技术有限公司 | A kind of asymmetrical beam distribution of illumination optical system and lighting device |
| CN113915550A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-11 | 福建吉星智能科技股份有限公司 | Navigation mark lamp optical device and working method thereof |
| CN115127083A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-30 | 长江航道局 | Interior sawtooth fresnel navigation mark lamp optical lens and navigation mark lamp |
| CN115127083B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2024-07-26 | 长江航道局 | Internal sawtooth Fresnel navigation mark lamp optical lens and navigation mark lamp |
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| CN101776243B (en) * | 2010-02-03 | 2012-12-26 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Lamp capable of forming strip light spots and transmission element thereof |
| US10539292B2 (en) | 2014-01-27 | 2020-01-21 | Signify Holding B.V. | Optical device and luminaire |
| CN106164576A (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2016-11-23 | 飞利浦灯具控股公司 | Optical device and illumination apparatus |
| CN106164576B (en) * | 2014-01-27 | 2019-09-24 | 飞利浦灯具控股公司 | Optical device and luminaire |
| CN105650597A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-08 | 通用电气照明解决方案有限责任公司 | Lighting device and refrigerator using lighting device |
| US11125412B2 (en) | 2014-12-01 | 2021-09-21 | Current Lighting Solutions, Llc | Lighting device with efficient light-spreading lens system |
| CN105987350A (en) * | 2015-03-05 | 2016-10-05 | 深圳市耀嵘科技有限公司 | Led light distribution lens |
| CN105180095A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-12-23 | 重庆平伟光电科技有限公司 | Uniform light intensity LED reflection light emitting method based on non-imagining optics |
| CN107178726A (en) * | 2016-03-09 | 2017-09-19 | 福建吉星智能科技股份有限公司 | A kind of navigation light Optical devices based on compound Fresnel Lenses |
| CN105953175A (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2016-09-21 | 杭州光锥科技有限公司 | Projection lamp lens, light-emitting module with projection lamp lens and projection lamp |
| CN105953175B (en) * | 2016-06-20 | 2022-09-06 | 浙江光锥科技有限公司 | Projecting lamp lens, have light-emitting module and projecting lamp of this projecting lamp lens |
| CN108561850A (en) * | 2017-01-25 | 2018-09-21 | 佛山市中山大学研究院 | A kind of lateral broad illumination lens |
| CN107228338A (en) * | 2017-05-23 | 2017-10-03 | 江苏大学 | A kind of road lighting shape of a saddle LED lens and LED/light source |
| CN108800062A (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2018-11-13 | 刘世芬 | A kind of collimation lens |
| CN108800062B (en) * | 2017-07-04 | 2023-10-20 | 广州市意顿光学设计有限公司 | Collimating lens |
| CN107448781A (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2017-12-08 | 上海小糸车灯有限公司 | A kind of LED collimation Uniform Illumination structure and its implementation for rectangle vehicle light shape |
| CN107448781B (en) * | 2017-08-09 | 2023-11-03 | 华域视觉科技(上海)有限公司 | LED collimation uniform lighting structure for rectangular car lamp modeling and implementation method thereof |
| CN110007390A (en) * | 2019-05-21 | 2019-07-12 | 青岛亿联客信息技术有限公司 | A kind of asymmetrical beam distribution of illumination optical system and lighting device |
| CN113915550A (en) * | 2021-10-23 | 2022-01-11 | 福建吉星智能科技股份有限公司 | Navigation mark lamp optical device and working method thereof |
| CN115127083A (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2022-09-30 | 长江航道局 | Interior sawtooth fresnel navigation mark lamp optical lens and navigation mark lamp |
| CN115127083B (en) * | 2022-06-15 | 2024-07-26 | 长江航道局 | Internal sawtooth Fresnel navigation mark lamp optical lens and navigation mark lamp |
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| CN100538157C (en) | 2009-09-09 |
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