CN101066086A - Mussel protein product and its production process - Google Patents
Mussel protein product and its production process Download PDFInfo
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- CN101066086A CN101066086A CN 200710041988 CN200710041988A CN101066086A CN 101066086 A CN101066086 A CN 101066086A CN 200710041988 CN200710041988 CN 200710041988 CN 200710041988 A CN200710041988 A CN 200710041988A CN 101066086 A CN101066086 A CN 101066086A
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Abstract
The present invention belongs to the field of food technology, and is especially mussel protein product and its production process. The present invention provides one new type of protein product with the mussel clam as the side product of freshwater pearl shell as the main material and through alkali dissolution and acid precipitation. The production process includes leaching mussel clam in dilute alkali solution for 1-24 hr, centrifuging to obtain supernatant, regulating pH of the supernatant to isoelectric point to deposit protein, centrifuging separation to take precipitant, and drying to obtain mussel protein product. The mussel protein product is light yellow powder with protein content over 90 % and excellent functional characteristic, and may be used in food production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to food technology field, being specifically related to fresh water pearl shellfish hydriopsis cumingii software part accessory substance is primary raw material, adopts the molten method of non-enzymatic of " the molten acid of alkali is heavy " its protein to be extracted a kind of shell-fish protein isolate product that reclaims and obtain and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Protein is the material base of life, also is the primary raw material of food industry.Development along with the modern food industry, press in a large number be of high nutritive value, raw material that protein product that functional characteristic is good is used as food industry or add base-material, therefore exploitation has in the middle of the protein of good characteristic material to remedy existing deficiency particularly important energetically.Hydriopsis cumingii (Hyriopsis cumingii) is the distinctive freshwater mussel resource of a kind of China, is usually used in the artificial culture of pearl, and pearl production height, the quality bred through it are good, and is therefore most widely used.According to investigations, at present the whole nation area of growing cultured pearls surpasses 850,000 mu, adopt pearl every year after China 30,000 tons hydriopsis cumingii generation of waste materials is arranged approximately, wherein the discarded object of software part reaches 1.2 ten thousand tons approximately.Only adopting in the discarded object of pearl Vee formation sail freshwater mussel, the part less than 0.1% has obtained development and use, except that being processed into low value-added feed, often all be dropped, be not fully used, do not only like this environment has been become substantial pollution, simultaneously also be a kind of waste, more aggravated the burden of fresh water pearl industry now resource.Through our research, adopt in the pearl Vee formation sail freshwater mussel software part discarded object and contain rich in protein and contained essential amino acid A wide selection of colours and designs, proportioning is appropriate, belong to adequate proteins, be necessary to recycle, be developed to material in the middle of the shell-fish albumen with certain functional characteristic, make an addition to food or be applied in the food processing and production as raw-food material.
At present, the recovery of protein utilization still is in the starting stage in the pearl Vee formation sail freshwater mussel discarded object to adopting in China, rarely seen part scholar utilizes papain etc. to the be hydrolyzed report of preparation protein hydrolyzate of protein in the hydriopsis cumingii discarded object, but, its practical application is restricted because protein enzyme solution has bitter taste and fishy smell.Although also there is scholar's research how the enzymolysis liquid bad flavor to be improved, not mature enough because of the method for being reported of taking off the raw meat debitterize only is in the experiment, and complex operation, cost increases, and its applicability is affected.This subject study personnel are water-soluble low according to mussel protein matter, but the characteristics that alkali-soluble is high, through experimental study repeatedly, developed a kind of novel shell-fish protein isolate product and preparation method thereof, be intended to increase the added value of aquatic products, improve the degree of utilizing of aquatic products discarded object, turn waste into wealth.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of shell-fish protide material and preparation method thereof, to fill up the blank of processing of aquatic products accessory substance or the molten recoverying and utilizing method of the non-enzymatic of discarded object protein.
Product provided by the invention is a pale yellow powder, its protein content is greater than 90%, has the good function characteristic, can be used as the alternative or partly alternative egg albumen of a kind of novel animal protein, cow's milk protein and soybean protein is applied in the food processing, such as making senior cake and ice cream etc., thereby improve the utilization rate and the added value of aquatic products discarded object, turn waste into wealth; Method among the present invention is simple to operate, protein recovery is high, overcome the weakness of " enzyme process is short molten " method recovery protein in the past reporting, have stronger industrialization operability and better cost advantage, and can be applicable to extraction and recovery protein in various seawater or edible of freshwater shellfish and the processing byproduct thereof.
For achieving the above object, technical measures of the present invention are as follows:
Product of the present invention is a kind of shell-fish protein isolate, is to be divided into raw material to adopt pearl Vee formation sail freshwater mussel soft body the middle material that the method for employing " the molten acid of alkali is heavy " obtains its water-soluble recovery with alkali solubility protein.The protein content of this product has functional characteristics such as good emulsifying and foaming characteristic greater than 90%, and physics and chemistry and sanitary index meet the related standards of country.
Above-mentioned hydriopsis cumingii software part accessory substance comprises freshwater mussel meat and the outer embrane of removing internal organ, can be the freezing raw material of fresh feed or the processing of process low-temperature preservation and smashs raw material to pieces.
Above-mentioned that protein is extracted " the molten acid of alkali heavy " method concrete steps of recovery is as follows: (1) is cleaned, and hydriopsis cumingii software raw material is cleaned with clear water; (2) homogeneous is to smash homogeneous to pieces under 5～50 ℃ in temperature, and (3) alkali is molten, adds 2～20 times aqueous alkali, regulates the pH value 8～13, and lixiviate 1～24h is water-soluble and alkali solubility protein with stripping; (4) reclaim, the centrifuging and taking supernatant reclaims soluble protein; (5) acid is heavy, regulates the pH value to isoelectric point with aqueous acid, makes protein precipitation; Wherein, drip acid solution and regulate the pH value, can divide and carry out for 2-3 time to isopotential point; (6) separation, drying, the centrifuging and taking precipitation promptly gets separates albumen, obtains hydriopsis cumingii protein isolate product after drying.Its technological process is as follows:
Hydriopsis cumingii software raw material → clean → smash to pieces homogeneous → dilute alkaline soln extracts (pH8～13) → centrifugal → get supernatant → accent pH to isoelectric point → centrifugal → get precipitation → protein isolate → drying → hydriopsis cumingii protein isolate product
Above-mentioned institute water can be for generally reaching the water of edible demand, the most handy pure water or deionized water.
Above-mentioned alkali regulator solution can be used food-grade NaOH, Na
2CO
3Deng the aqueous solution, its weight concentration is 5%～20%, its addition is with the pH value of being transferred and help the protein dissolving and be as the criterion.
The aqueous solution of above-mentioned sour regulator solution hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, citric acid or acetic acid etc., the most handy hydrochloric acid, its weight concentration is 5%～15%, regulating pH value scope is 2-6.
Above-mentioned drying means can be normal pressure commonly used and drying under reduced pressure method, and the most handy vacuum drying and freeze drying to avoid protein denaturation, influence its functional characteristic.
The present invention has following characteristics:
1. raw material is chosen as the hydriopsis cumingii software part accessory substance of adopting behind the pearl.The contained albumen of this raw material is the high-quality animal protein, the protein content height, and the protein digestibility absorptivity is good, and the amino acid composition is comparatively reasonable, and its amino acid is formed similar to amino acid whose demand to human body.
2. the present invention uses common reagent (food-grade NaOH, HCL, acetic acid etc.) and easy physical method (regulating the pH value, centrifugal), and safety non-toxic is with low cost, is fit to suitability for industrialized production.
3. the protein content of this product reaches 90%～95% (measuring according to a conventional method), and its water imbibition and oil absorption are better than soybean protein isolate and egg holoprotein product.All the other are sugar, ash, water etc.
4. method provided by the present invention is 78～90% to recovery of protein rate in the hydriopsis cumingii software part accessory substance, and the protein isolate of producing does not have bad flavors such as bitter taste and fishy smell.
The specific embodiment
Below by concrete that embodiment illustrates determining of optimum extraction condition.This programme only is used for can not thinking the restriction to protection scope of the present invention to further elaboration of the present invention and explanation.
Embodiment 1
1. raw material
About annual November is the optimum season that pearl is gathered, and the hydriopsis cumingii of growing cultured pearls at this moment was about for 4～5 ages, and pearl has been brought up maturation, takes out pearl behind the freshwater mussel extremely, then the hydriopsis cumingii software that gills is partly collected, and cleans up with distilled water.
2. homogeneous
To under 20-35 ℃, smash to pieces through the hydriopsis cumingii software raw material that the cleans tissue mashing machine of packing into, and carry out homogeneous and handle, and stir and make solution even.
3. alkali is molten
After hydriopsis cumingii software part homogeneous added water, solution was that 10% the food-grade NaOH aqueous solution is regulated pH to 11-12 with about weight concentration, under 20 ℃ temperature, stirring and leaching 1h above with stripping water-soluble with alkali solubility protein.
4. soluble protein reclaims
After treating that protein fully dissolves, solution carried out centrifugal (rotating speed is at 3000～6000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 5～20min), removes precipitation, gets supernatant and is protein isolate solution.
5. acid is heavy
Protein isolate solution slowly drips weight concentration and is 5～10% food grade salts aqueous acid under stirring condition, make below the pH value of solution value to 6.5, promptly has more protein to separate out, and stops to drip; Waiting does not have when separating out, and drips above-mentioned aqueous hydrochloric acid solution again, has more protein to separate out at pH about 5.9, stops to drip watery hydrochloric acid; Protein is rapidly after the cohesion, add again watery hydrochloric acid until pH between 5.0～5.5, reach the isoelectric point of this albumen.
6. centrifugation
After protein is separated out fully, solution is carried out centrifugation, this moment, rotating speed was about 4000～8000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 10～20min, protein isolate is precipitated fully separate out.
7. freeze drying
Adopt freeze-drying method, the protein isolate that obtains carried out drying, can prevent protein denaturation,
The protein isolate that obtains by above method becomes block (faint yellow), and the protein isolate rate of recovery of this moment is 89.96%, and purity is 94.72%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt the hydriopsis cumingii software raw material behind the pearl, clean up, take by weighing certain amount with distilled water.Add the about 3 times dilute alkaline aqueous solution of raw material after smashing homogeneous to pieces, stirring makes it fully mix with raw material then.Solution is that 15% the food-grade NaOH aqueous solution is regulated pH to 8-11 with about weight concentration again, under 30 ℃ temperature, stirring and leaching 3h above with stripping water-soluble with alkali solubility protein.For soluble protein is separated, solution is carried out centrifugal, rotating speed is at 4000～6000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 10～20min, and supernatant is the solution of the water-soluble and alkali solubility protein of dissolving.Supernatant under agitation slowly drips concentration and is 5～10% food grade aqueous acetic acid, makes below the pH value of solution value to 6, promptly has more protein to separate out, and stops to drip; Waiting does not have when separating out, and drips above-mentioned acetum again, has more protein to separate out at pH about 5.5, stops to drip acetic acid; Protein is rapidly after the cohesion, add again acetic acid until pH between 4.8～5.0, reach the isoelectric point of this albumen.After protein is separated out fully, solution is carried out centrifugation, this moment, rotating speed was about 4000～8000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 15～20min, protein isolate is precipitated fully separate out.Adopt vacuum drying method, the protein isolate that obtains is carried out drying, can prevent protein denaturation, dried protein isolate becomes block (faint yellow), suitability for industrialized production should be pulverized, and the protein isolate rate of recovery of this moment is 90.13%, and purity is 91.81%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt the hydriopsis cumingii software raw material behind the pearl, clean up, take by weighing certain amount with distilled water.Smash it to pieces homogeneous, add the about 7 times dilute alkaline aqueous solution of raw material then, stir and make raw material mixing abundant with it.Solution is 15% food-grade Na with about concentration
2CO
3The aqueous solution is regulated pH to 11-13, under about 10 ℃ temperature, stirring and leaching 2h above with stripping water-soluble with alkali solubility protein.For soluble protein is separated, solution is carried out centrifugal, rotating speed is at 4500～6000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 10～20min, and the supernatant after centrifugal is the solution that is dissolved with soluble protein.Supernatant under agitation, slowly the dropping weight concentration is 5～10% food grade salts aqueous acid, makes below the pH value of solution value to 6.2, and existing more protein is separated out, stop to drip, wait not have when separating out, drip again, have more protein to separate out at pH about 5.5, stop to drip watery hydrochloric acid, protein is rapidly after the cohesion, add again watery hydrochloric acid until pH between 5.0～5.5, reach the isoelectric point of this albumen.After protein is separated out fully, solution is carried out centrifugation, this moment, rotating speed was about 5000～8000rpm/min, and centrifugation time is 15～20min, protein isolate is precipitated fully separate out.Adopt freeze-drying method, the protein isolate that obtains is carried out drying, can prevent protein denaturation, dried protein isolate becomes block (faint yellow), suitability for industrialized production should be pulverized, and the protein isolate rate of recovery of this moment is 78.20%, and purity is 95.40%.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of mussel protein product is characterized in that being divided into raw material with the soft body of fresh water pearl shellfish hydriopsis cumingii, and the molten method of non-enzymatic of employing " the molten acid of alkali is heavy " is extracted recovery to its protein and obtained, and its protein content is more than 90%.
2, a kind of preparation method of mussel protein product as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows: (1) is cleaned, and hydriopsis cumingii software raw material is cleaned with clear water; (2) homogeneous is to smash homogeneous to pieces under 5～50 ℃ in temperature, and (3) alkali is molten, adds 2～20 times alkali solution not, regulates pH value 8～13, lixiviate 1～24h with stripping water-soluble with alkali solubility protein; (4) reclaim, the centrifuging and taking supernatant reclaims soluble protein; (5) acid is heavy, regulates the pH value to isoelectric point with aqueous acid, makes protein precipitation; (6) separation, drying, the centrifuging and taking precipitation promptly gets separates albumen, obtains hydriopsis cumingii protein isolate product after drying.
3, the preparation method of mussel protein product according to claim 2 is characterized in that used aqueous slkali thinks NaOH or Na
2CO
3The aqueous solution, weight concentration is 5%-20%.
4, the preparation method of mussel protein product according to claim 2 is characterized in that used acid solution is the aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, citric acid or sulfuric acid, and the pH that regulates is the scope of acidity 2～6.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710041988 CN101066086A (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | Mussel protein product and its production process |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710041988 CN101066086A (en) | 2007-06-14 | 2007-06-14 | Mussel protein product and its production process |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101965897A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-02-09 | 浙江大学 | Processing method for mussel isolated protein |
| CN104255898A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-07 | 淮阴工学院 | Preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate |
| CN107474103A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-15 | 皖西学院 | A kind of method of synchronous extraction hydriopsis cumingii water-solubility protein and polysaccharide |
| CN109007233A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-18 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of extracting method of stichopus japonicus intestines protein isolate |
-
2007
- 2007-06-14 CN CN 200710041988 patent/CN101066086A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101965897A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-02-09 | 浙江大学 | Processing method for mussel isolated protein |
| CN101965897B (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-06-06 | 浙江大学 | Processing method for mussel isolated protein |
| CN104255898A (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2015-01-07 | 淮阴工学院 | Preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate |
| CN104255898B (en) * | 2014-08-14 | 2016-03-09 | 淮阴工学院 | The preparation method of freshwater crayfish protein isolate |
| CN107474103A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2017-12-15 | 皖西学院 | A kind of method of synchronous extraction hydriopsis cumingii water-solubility protein and polysaccharide |
| CN109007233A (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2018-12-18 | 大连工业大学 | A kind of extracting method of stichopus japonicus intestines protein isolate |
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Open date: 20071107 |