CN101063667A - Evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material and special-purpose double electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material and special-purpose double electrolytic cell Download PDF

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CN101063667A
CN101063667A CNA2006100464266A CN200610046426A CN101063667A CN 101063667 A CN101063667 A CN 101063667A CN A2006100464266 A CNA2006100464266 A CN A2006100464266A CN 200610046426 A CN200610046426 A CN 200610046426A CN 101063667 A CN101063667 A CN 101063667A
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hydrogen
electrolytic cell
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current density
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CN100510735C (en
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唐晓
李焰
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Institute of Oceanology of CAS
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Abstract

This invention relates to materials hydrogen penetration test technique and relates to one electrochemical hydrogen penetration property test technique and its special battery in coating layer erosion environment. This invention provides one parent to child match double electrolyte pool for coating materials penetration for analogue each materials condition and the current measurement. This invention provides one method to evaluate the coating layer with deficiency to provide two evaluation parameters, wherein one processes the hydrogen current density to time curve property without extra hydrogen to compare initial time an its stable current size; the other is added with hydrogen of different specimen proportion parameters.

Description

A kind of evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material and special-purpose double electrolytic cell thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to material hydrogen penetration testing technology, specifically is a kind of electrochemical hydrogen permeance property measuring technology and evaluation method and the special-purpose double electrolytic cell thereof of coating material in corrosion environment that be applicable to.
Background technology
The electrochemical hydrogen penetration testing method major part of material is based on the two-sided electrolytic cell principle of Devanathan-Stachurski at present.General, double-electrolyzer is taked the design of the right and left, and one of them is used for filling hydrogen, and another one is used for detecting hydrogenation electric current, and two electrolytic cells are middle with sample at interval.Packing ring is used in two electrolytic cells and sample junction, and integral body takes the mode of mechanical compaction to reach the effect of combining closely.This mode complicated operation is not easy to change sample.The packing ring place is easy to generate dislocation and unavoidably has the slit, and the slit brings difficulty can for the cleaning electrolytic cell and influenced the homogeneity that sample hydrogen permeates, and causes measuring error.
Existing hydrogen infiltration evaluation method also just is applicable to homogenous material or complete coating material, still can not estimate surperficial uneven material, as has damaged coating material.And the coating of some sacrificial anode can provide cathodic protection current to the material matrix of defective and breakage when breakage takes place, and this cathodic polarization effect meeting produces hydrogen under the certain condition, and the latter will permeate in material matrix.At present, still there is not the osmosis that suitable method is estimated this hydrogen.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned deficiency, the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of two-sided electrolytic cell of suitable research coating material hydrogen permeation behavior, this electrolytic cell is convenient to simulate various material service conditions and is convenient to the measurement of hydrogen infiltration electric current; And provide a kind of and can estimate the method that has defective coating material hydrogen permeation behavior.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
(1) hydrogen penetration testing experiment
Used hydrogen infiltration experiment device is the supporting double-electrolyzer of custom-designed primary and secondary, and female electrolytic cell is the corrosion environment pond that is used to fill hydrogen, and sub-electrolytic cell is the anode pond that is used to detect the hydrogen infiltration capacity.A female electrolytic cell can dispose a plurality of sub-electrolytic cells.So design can guarantee that the sample place is seamless, unlikely generation seepage, and have the effect that is convenient for changing sample.
The supporting double-electrolyzer of described primary and secondary is placed in female electrolytic cell by sub-electrolytic cell and constitutes, female electrolytic cell electrode and contrast electrode are electrically connected with the used galvanostat of female electrolytic cell respectively, sub-electrolytic cell electrode and contrast electrode are electrically connected with the used potentiostat of sub-electrolytic cell respectively; Sub-electrolytic cell places the part of female battery to be provided with opening, and opening part adopts the sample to be tested encapsulation, and this sample is electrically connected with galvanostat, potentiostat respectively by lead as sub-electrolytic cell and the shared working electrode of female electrolytic cell; The contrast electrode and the working electrode intermediate distance of female electrolytic cell are 1mm.
Described sub-electrolytic cell can be structure of right angle tyoe, and the one end opening makes progress, and other end opening part adopts the sample to be tested encapsulation, and this sample is electrically connected with galvanostat, potentiostat respectively by lead as sub-electrolytic cell and the shared working electrode of female electrolytic cell; Can be provided with slip lid on described female electrolytic cell.
Described experiment the steps include:
1. circular specimen one side of lead of will burn-oning is polished to the 200-800 order, and it is dry to clean the back with acetone, is packaged in then on the sub-electrolytic cell, and the polishing side is towards sub-electrolytic cell inside, drying;
2. sub-electrolytic cell injects nickel-plating liquid (0.3-1.2M NiSO 4, 0.2-0.5M NaCl, 0.1-0.6M NiCl 2With 0.05-0.60M H 3BO 3), use 0.02-0.2mA/cm 2Current density nickel plating 3-10 minute is cleaned then;
3. constant potential (0.1-0.3V) passivation to current density is lower than 0.2 μ A/cm in the 0.05-0.4M NaOH solution 2
4. (scope is 0.02-1mA/cm to different current density grades 2) continuous current fill under the hydrogen condition, test the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve of three kinds of samples (complete coating sample, material matrix sample and make the plating defect sample);
5. do not have and add the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve that fills test making plating defect sample under the hydrogen current condition.
(2) infiltration of coating hydrogen is estimated
The invention provides two evaluatings, one of them obtains the sample activation and oozes the numerical value of hydrogen start time and stable hydrogenation electric current density according to the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve feature of making defective coating under the no extra electric field condition; It is long more that the hydrogen start time is oozed in activation, illustrates that coating is stable more; It is big more to stablize hydrogenation electric current density, illustrates that the hydrogen penetrating power that the coating breakage causes is strong more.
Another is by calculated the corresponding equivalent scale-up factor (K of above-mentioned three kinds of samples according to formula (1) Eff) relative size, be complete coating sample specifically and ratio (the K of the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Coat/ K Eff Subs) and the ratio (K that makes plating defect sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Def/ K Eff Subs).K Eff Coat/ K Eff SubsMore little, illustrate that the hydrogen infiltration inhibition ability of complete coating is strong more; K Eff Def/ K Eff SubsBig more, illustrate that the coating breakage causes that the ability of hydrogen infiltration is strong more.
i c e aαη = - i ∞ K eff + b - - - ( 1 )
i cFor filling the hydrogen current density; i For stablizing hydrogenation electric current density; a = F RT ; α is a transport coefficient; B is a constant;
K Eff CoatEquivalent scale-up factor for complete coating sample; K Eff SubsEquivalent scale-up factor for the material matrix sample; K Eff DefFor making the equivalent scale-up factor of plating defect sample; Subscript eff represents effective, the meaning of " equivalence ".
The derivation of equation
Filling the hydrogen electric current can be expressed as:
i c=Fk 1(1-θ s)e -aαη (2)
Rearrange by (2), can obtain
θ s = 1 - i c e aαη Fk 1 - - - ( 3 )
Again because
i =F(D/L)C s (4)
θ s = [ K ads + ( D L ) ] k abs C s - - - ( 5 )
Can derive by (4) and (5)
θ s = L [ k ads + ( D L ) FDk abs i ∞ - - - ( 6 )
By (3) and (6) cancellation θ s, obtain
i c e aαη = - Lk 1 [ k ads + D L ] K ads D i ∞ + Fk 1 - - - ( 7 )
If K eff = k ads D Lk 1 [ k ads + D L ] , B=Fk 1Obtain
i c e aαη = i ∞ K eff + b - - - ( 1 )
Wherein, F is a Faraday constant, and R is a gas law constant, and T is a temperature, k 1Be the evolving hydrogen reaction constant, D is hydrogen coefficient of diffusion in material, and L is a material thickness, k AdsBe adsorption reaction constant, k AbsBe absorption reaction constant, θ sFor hydrogen in the specimen surface coverage; C sBe the concentration of hydrogen in sample; B is i ce A α ηTo i Mapping, the gained intercept.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the invention provides a kind of hydrogen pervasion test device and experimental technique of suitable research coating material hydrogen permeation behavior, experimental provision is for being fit to the two-sided electrolytic cell of research coating material hydrogen permeation behavior, and this electrolytic cell is convenient to simulate various material service conditions and is convenient to the measurement of hydrogen infiltration electric current.
2, the invention provides and a kind ofly can estimate the method that has defective coating material permeability behavior, two evaluatings are provided, one of them adds according to nothing fills the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve feature of making defective coating under the hydrogen condition, and the size of hydrogen start time and stable hydrogenation electric current density is oozed in the duplicate activation; Another adds the relative size of filling various sample equivalence scale-up factor under the hydrogen condition.
3, it is easy for installation that the present invention has device, and operation is easily gone, and sealing guarantees that easily the evaluation method index is clear and definite, calculate easy, characteristics such as comparability is strong.
4, the used hydrogen infiltration experiment device of the present invention is the supporting double-electrolyzer of custom-designed primary and secondary, and female electrolytic cell is the corrosion environment pond that is used to fill hydrogen, and sub-electrolytic cell is the anode pond that is used to detect the hydrogen infiltration capacity.A female electrolytic cell can dispose a plurality of sub-electrolytic cells.So design can guarantee that the sample place is seamless, unlikely generation seepage, and have the effect that is convenient for changing sample.
Description of drawings
Figure 1A is a hydrogen penetration testing electrolytic cell vertical view, and Figure 1B is the used slip lid synoptic diagram of female electrolytic cell; Among the figure, 1, sub-electrolytic cell; 2, female electrolytic cell; 3, slip lid.
Fig. 2 C is a hydrogen pervasion test device synoptic diagram, and Fig. 2 D is the left view of used sub-electrolytic cell.
Fig. 3 does not have the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills making Galvanized (galvanized steel) plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 4 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of Galvanized electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 5 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of complete Galvanized coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 6 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvanized plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 7 does not have the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills making Galfan (hot-dip Zn-5Al-0.02RE coating) plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 8 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of Galfan electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 9 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of complete Galfan coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 10 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galfan plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 11 does not have the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills making Galvalume (hot-dip Zn-55Al-1.6Si coating) plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 12 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of Galvalume electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 13 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of complete Galvalume coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 14 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvalume plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below by embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Figure 1A-B is the used hydrogen penetration testing of a present invention electrolytic cell vertical view.As shown in the figure, CE is used to electrode, generally adopts platinum electrode, RE is used contrast electrode, (adopt saturated calomel electrode or silver chloride electrode etc. in general female electrolytic cell 2, adopt mercury/mercuric oxide electrode in the sub-electrolytic cell 1), WE is the shared working electrode of primary and secondary electrolytic cell (being sample); B figure is the used slip lid 3 of female electrolytic cell, opens when loading and unloading sub-electrolytic cell.
Fig. 2 C-D is the used hydrogen pervasion test device of a present invention synoptic diagram.As shown in the figure, adopt two kinds of testing tools, be respectively used galvanostat of female electrolytic cell and the used potentiostat of sub-electrolytic cell; Wherein D figure is the left view of used sub-electrolytic cell, and front end is packaged with circular sample.
Among the present invention, female electrolytic cell is the corrosion environment pond that is used to fill hydrogen, specifically the research environment that can adopt, for example various corrosive atmospheres such as seawater, fresh water, ooze, moist atmosphere.
Embodiment 1
(the steel matrix thickness is 1.5mm to Galvanized coating, galvanized layer thickness is 10 μ m, and the circular specimen diameter is 20mm, and central circular defective diameter is 5mm) circular specimen one side of the lead of will burn-oning polishes to the 200-800 order, it is dry to clean the back with acetone, is packaged in then on the sub-electrolytic cell; Sub-electrolytic cell injects nickel-plating liquid (0.3-1.2M NiSO 4, 0.2-0.5M NaCl, 0.1-0.6M NiCl 2With 0.05-0.60M H 3BO 3), use 0.02-0.2mA/cm 2Current density nickel plating 3-10 minute cleans up with redistilled water then; 0.2MNaOH constant potential in the solution (0.15-0.25V) passivation to current density is lower than 0.2 μ A/cm 2Continuous current in different current density grades fills under the hydrogen condition, tests hydrogenation electric current density-time curve and the nothing of three kinds of samples (complete zinc coat sample, material matrix sample and making plating defect sample) in seawater and adds the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve that fills test making plating defect sample under the hydrogen current condition.
According to above-mentioned experimental procedure, obtain the hydrogenation electric current curve of three class samples.
Fig. 3 does not fill the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvanized plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition for having.
Fig. 4 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills Galvanized electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 5 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills complete Galvanized coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 6 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvanized plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
According to Fig. 3 result, it is 15960 seconds that the hydrogen start time is oozed in the activation of defective zinc coat, and its stable hydrogenation electric current density is up to 0.56 μ A/cm 2, this description defect zinc coat is easy to activation and oozes hydrogen, and its amount of hydrogen infiltration is bigger, causes the material hydrogen embrittlement dangerous high.
Calculate according to Fig. 4 to Fig. 6: the ratio (K of complete coating sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Coat/ K Eff Subs) be 0.8838, this explanation zinc coat can suppress 11.62% hydrogen infiltration capacity; Make the ratio (K of plating defect sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Def/ K Eff Subs) be 2.291, this description defect coating has increased by 129.1% hydrogen infiltration capacity.
Embodiment 2
Difference from Example 1 is: the test material difference has changed Galfan coating into.
Galfan coating (the steel matrix thickness is 2mm, and thickness of coating is 20 μ m, and the circular specimen diameter is 20mm, and central circular defective diameter is 5mm) according to experimental procedure in claims, obtains the hydrogenation electric current curve of three class samples in seawater.
Fig. 7 does not fill the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galfan plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition for having.
Fig. 8 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills Galfan electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Fig. 9 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills complete Galfan coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 10 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galfan plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
According to Fig. 7 result, it is 12230 seconds that the hydrogen start time is oozed in the activation of defective Galfan coating, and its stable hydrogenation electric current density is 0.12 μ A/cm only 2, this description defect coating ratio is easier to activation, but its amount of hydrogen infiltration is very little, does not have material hydrogen embrittlement danger substantially.
Calculate according to Fig. 8 to Figure 10: the ratio (K of complete coating sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Coat/ K Eff Subs) be 0.821, this explanation Galfan coating can suppress 17.9% hydrogen infiltration capacity; Make the ratio (K of plating defect sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Def/ K Eff Subs) be 1.08, this description defect coating has increased by 8% hydrogen infiltration capacity.
Embodiment 3
Difference from Example 1 is: the test material difference has changed Galvalume coating into.
Galvalume coating (the steel matrix thickness is 2mm, and galvanized layer thickness is 15 μ m, and the circular specimen diameter is 20mm, and central circular defective diameter is 5mm)
According to experimental procedure in claims, obtain the hydrogenation electric current curve of three class samples in seawater.
Figure 11 does not fill the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvalume plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition for having.
Figure 12 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills Galvalume electroplated steel products matrix sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 13 is the hydrogen infiltration current density curve that fills complete Galvalume coating sample under the hydrogen condition.
Figure 14 fills the hydrogen infiltration current density curve of making Galvalume plating defect sample under the hydrogen condition.
According to Figure 11 result, it is 4800 seconds that the hydrogen start time is oozed in the activation of defective Galvalume coating, but its stable hydrogenation electric current density is lower than 0.1 μ A/cm 2Though this explanation defective coating ratio is easier to activation, its amount of hydrogen infiltration is very little, does not have material hydrogen embrittlement danger substantially.
Calculate according to Figure 12 to Figure 14: the ratio (K of complete coating sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Coat/ K Eff Subs) be 0.304, this explanation zinc coat can suppress 69.6% hydrogen infiltration capacity; Make the ratio (K of plating defect sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Def/ K Eff Subs) be 0.572, be lower than 1, this description defect coating can not increase the hydrogen infiltration capacity.

Claims (6)

1, a kind of evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material is characterized in that comprising hydrogen permeability test and coating hydrogen infiltration evaluation, and is specific as follows:
(1) hydrogen penetration testing experiment
The supporting double-electrolyzer of used hydrogen infiltration experiment device primary and secondary, female electrolytic cell is the corrosion environment pond that is used to fill hydrogen, sub-electrolytic cell is the anode pond that is used to detect the hydrogen infiltration capacity;
Described experiment the steps include:
1. circular specimen one side of lead of will burn-oning is polished to the 200-800 order, and it is dry to clean the back with acetone, is packaged in then on the sub-electrolytic cell, and the polishing side is towards sub-electrolytic cell inside;
2. sub-electrolytic cell injects nickel-plating liquid, uses 0.02-0.2mA/cm 2Current density nickel plating 3-10 minute is cleaned then;
3. in 0.05-0.4M NaOH solution under the constant potential 0.1-0.3V passivation to current density be lower than 0.2 μ A/cm 2
The continuous current of 4. different current density grades fills under the hydrogen condition, tests three kinds of samples: the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve of complete coating sample, material matrix sample and making plating defect sample, and test corresponding overpotential;
5. do not have and add the hydrogenation electric current density-time curve that fills test making plating defect sample under the hydrogen current condition;
(2) infiltration of coating hydrogen is estimated
Estimate according to two evaluatings, 5. one of them do not have to add according to above-mentioned experimental procedure and fill under the hydrogen condition hydrogenation electric current density-time curve feature of making defective coating, obtains the sample activation and ooze the numerical value of hydrogen start time and stable hydrogenation electric current density; It is long more that the hydrogen start time is oozed in activation, illustrates that coating is stable more; It is big more to stablize hydrogenation electric current density, illustrates that the hydrogen penetrating power that the coating breakage causes is strong more;
Another is by calculated the corresponding equivalent scale-up factor K of above-mentioned three kinds of samples according to formula (1) EffRelative size, be complete coating sample specifically and the ratio K of the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Coat/ K Eff SubsAnd the ratio K that makes plating defect sample and the equivalent scale-up factor of steel matrix sample Eff Def/ K Eff SubsK Eff Coat/ K Eff SubsMore little, illustrate that the hydrogen infiltration inhibition ability of complete coating is strong more; K Eff Def/ K Eff SubsBig more, illustrate that the coating breakage causes that the ability of hydrogen infiltration is strong more;
i c e aαη = - i ∞ K eff + b - - - ( 1 )
i cFor filling the hydrogen current density; i For stablizing hydrogenation electric current density; a = F RT ; Wherein, F is a Faraday constant, and R is a gas law constant, and T is a temperature; α is a transport coefficient; η is an overpotential; B is a constant, is i ce A α ηTo i Mapping, the gained intercept;
K Eff CoatEquivalent scale-up factor for complete coating sample; K Eff SubsEquivalent scale-up factor for the material matrix sample; K Eff DefFor making the equivalent scale-up factor of plating defect sample.
2, according to the described evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nickel-plating liquid consists of: 0.3-1.2M NiSO 4, 0.2-0.5M NaCl, 0.1-0.6M NiCl 2And 0.05-0.60MH 3BO 3
3, according to the described evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the step 3 of described hydrogen penetration testing experiment, passivation is 0.05-0.2 μ A/cm to current density 2
4, a kind of special-purpose double electrolytic cell of evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material, it is characterized in that: the supporting double-electrolyzer of described primary and secondary is placed in female electrolytic cell by sub-electrolytic cell and constitutes, female electrolytic cell electrode and contrast electrode are electrically connected with the used galvanostat of female electrolytic cell respectively, sub-electrolytic cell electrode and contrast electrode are electrically connected with the used potentiostat of sub-electrolytic cell respectively; Sub-electrolytic cell places the part of female battery to be provided with opening, and opening part adopts the sample to be tested encapsulation, and this sample is electrically connected with galvanostat, potentiostat respectively by lead as sub-electrolytic cell and the shared working electrode of female electrolytic cell.
5, according to the described special-purpose double electrolytic cell of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described sub-electrolytic cell is a structure of right angle tyoe, the one end opening upwards, other end opening part adopts the sample to be tested encapsulation, this sample is electrically connected with galvanostat, potentiostat respectively by lead as sub-electrolytic cell and the shared working electrode of female electrolytic cell.
6, according to the described special-purpose double electrolytic cell of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described female electrolytic cell is provided with slip lid.
CNB2006100464266A 2006-04-26 2006-04-26 Evaluating method for hydrogen penetrating quality of coating material Expired - Fee Related CN100510735C (en)

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