CN101059851A - Highway route evaluation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for evaluating high way linearity, which combines laminate analysis and character match to process high way linearity, finds the membership grade calculation function and valuing standard of each index in the valuation, engaged with an evaluation index system to evaluate the high way linearity, and uses the membership grade function to calculate the effect weight of each linear element on the linearity, calculates the membership grade of each linear element to calculate the linearity evaluation of one high way. Compared with prior technique, the inventive method can utilize operation speed V85 as the speed index of the linearity evaluating system, to build relative models to predict the operation speed V85 value of each section, to accurately evaluate the linearity quality, to cover the indexes of high way linearity quality evaluation system, and use membership grade to calculate weights of different indexes to make evaluation accurate and make index complete.

Description

Highway route evaluation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the evaluation method of highway in the transportation, relate in particular to a kind of linear quality overall evaluation system and carry out the method that highway route is estimated.

Background technology

Highway is a kind of 3 D belt aligned structure thing.Wherein linear is the skeleton of highway, also is the direct carrier of vehicle operating.The description of highway route is divided into linear three parts in horizontal alignment, vertical alignment and transversal section usually.And the linear design result after finishing might not be rational.Before formal construction, need carry out the evaluation of design result to it.Route evaluation method of the prior art also is to adopt based on " road speed " this notion to launch, and mainly comprises: " design rate ", " travelling speed " and " possible speed ".

When being the highway design, road speed determines the most critical parameters of its geometry linear.Base values and linear design parameter as linear design, once selected, indexs such as all relevant factors of highway such as radius of horizontal curve, length of transition curve, sighting distance, superelevation, longitudinal gradient, vertical curve must be mated to obtain balanced design " road speed ".Based on " road speed " material impact in road alignment design, at present the method for designing of highway alignment is based on all that " road speed " this notion launches, and mainly comprises: " design rate ", " travelling speed " and " possible speed ".

Utilize above-mentioned three kinds of speed indexs as the relative merits that design parameter carries out linear design, be described as follows:

With " design rate " as " road speed " index in the alignment evaluation system

" design rate " is meant vehicle on the restricted section of road of a highway, automobile can safety traffic maximal rate.Design speed is a definite value, and as design parameter, it has stipulated the minimum design standards of highway, is the basic foundation of decision highway geometric configuration.Only consider from geometric element, but in actual design, for numerous non-restricted section of road, flat, vertical, horizontal and other index of correlation of highway geometry determine just there is not clear and definite foundation, thereby cause each index value unreasonable, make up between inharmonious, the height index problem such as no transition mutually.Because technical indicator is inharmonious, be difficult to realize the harmony and the continuity of route alignment, make road speed fluctuated, be easy to generate velocity jump, most highway sections hypervelocity phenomenon is serious, and traffic hazard very easily takes place in this hypervelocity and sudden change.Therefore, the parameter foundation of estimating middle rolling car speed as highway alignment with design rate is irrational.

With " possible speed " as " road speed " index in the alignment evaluation system

" possible speed " is meant that under good weather conditions and transportation condition, running car only is subjected to the linear condition influence of highway itself, when the driver who is skilled in technique drives a car along certain bar road running, and the maximal rate that may reach.Reason owing to safety, it may or measure by field observation hardly, can only be on the basis that highway is put down, ordinate shape index is known, forecast model obtains by theorizing, in order to instruct the linear design evaluation and the improvement of having built the improvement of highway or having planned to build highway, can be used as simultaneously and built up or planned to build the foundation that highway is provided with traffic safety facilities, therefore, the acquisition of this speed parameter also is difficult, also should not be as " road speed " index in the alignment evaluation system.

With " movement velocity " as the design as " road speed " index in the alignment evaluation system

At the subject matter that " design rate " method exists, external many developed countries extensively utilization carry out linear design with " travelling speed " as design parameter.

" movement velocity " is a statistics index, the actual travel speed of vehicle on its unit of being meant highway section.Because of different vehicle may adopt the different speed of a motor vehicle in the process of moving, usually by the 85th percentage point of pairing Vehicle Speed conduct of measuring in the statistics " travelling speed " of arranging from low speed to high speed.Travelling speed is influenced by driver's behavior, vehicle condition and three aspects of road conditions mainly, is the concentrated reflection of the highway layout actual motion condition that can provide to the driver.

The introducing of " movement velocity " can effectively solve the problem that the needed linear index of road alignment design index and actual vehicle travel speed disconnects.With this as speed prediction model, can be more accurately and reasonably carry out alignment evaluation, this is this case letter problem to be solved.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is just in order to solve above-mentioned existing in prior technology defective, and a kind of highway route evaluation method is proposed, by step analysis and attribute mathematics method, foundation by travelling speed model and alignment evaluation model, based on criterion in the alignment evaluation system and index, realize the highway route evaluation.

The present invention proposes a kind of highway route evaluation method, carry out the highway route evaluation with the method that step analysis and attribute mathematics combine, determine the degree of membership computing function and the value standard of each index of alignment evaluation, and with the assessment indicator system fit applications in the highway route evaluation: adopt membership function to calculate each Alignment Elements to linear weighing factor; By calculating each Alignment Elements degree of membership value---score weight, and in conjunction with the subitem marking of expert to the different evaluation index, the application level analytic approach, thus score is estimated in the linear design that calculates a highway, and this method comprises:

Set up the movement velocity forecast model

Target variable relevant with the specific design problem in the linear design is set;

Compile the achievement data of actual measurement;

Structural theory multiple linear regression analysis model;

Estimate this model parameter;

Carry out this model testing;

By check, then can use this model as this model, model is used and is comprised the travelling speed prediction, and alignment evaluation;

Not by check, after then it being made amendment, re-execute this flow process in regular turn as this model, compile data and structural theory model again;

Set up the movement velocity equation of linear regression;

Set up the alignment evaluation model

According to each criterion and the index in the linear quality overall evaluation system, set up the alignment evaluation model:

Evaluation model to indicator layer is set up, and comprises

Determine the horizontal alignment index, set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix:

L1, H1, Y1, Z1 represent the degree of membership that the combination of straight line, adjustment curve, circular curve, straight slow circle is determined, i.e. individual event score respectively; Calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₃₁=W ₃₁* R ₃₁

Determine the vertical alignment index, set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix: according to the actual conditions of landform, and longitudinal gradient and vertical curve are to the adaptation situation at scene and the driving requirement to vertical broken string shape, determine the relative Link Importance of direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination, set up the weight allocation matrix:

, set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₃₂=[ZP1, SQ1, ZQ1] ^T, in the formula: ZP1, SQ1, ZQ1 represent the degree of membership that direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination are determined respectively, i.e. individual event score is calculated evaluation result matrix: B ₃₂=W ₃₂* R ₃₂

By that analogy, respectively three grades of weight matrix of linear, the floor area of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, transversal section etc. and divide value matrix draw each evaluation result partly, i.e. the secondary judging quota at last.

Evaluation model to rule layer is set up, and comprises

Determine technical indicator, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix: , set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₁=[B1 ₂₁, B ₂₂, B1 ₂₃, B1 ₂₄] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₁=W ₂₁* R ₂₁

Determine functional parameter, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

, set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₂=[B2 ₂₁, B2 ₂₂, B2 ₂₃] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₂=W ₂₂* R ₂₂

The quantification index, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

, set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₃=[B3 ₂₁, B3 ₂₂] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₂=W ₂₂* R ₂₂

Determine environmental index, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

, set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₄=[B4 ₂₁, B4 ₂₂, B4 ₂₃] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₄=W ₂₄* R ₂₄

Set up one-level and estimate matrix, obtain final appraisal results, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

, set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₁₁=[B ₂₁, B ₂₂, B ₂₃, B ₂₄] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₁₁=W ₁₁* R ₁₁

According to this highway alignment integrated evaluating method, obtain the existing quality score that judges.

According to above-mentioned alignment evaluation model, obtain linear quality score to be evaluated.

Every kind of Alignment Elements based on a highway alignment can calculate the degree of membership value of quantification according to the design value situation,

The linear membership function, its function representation is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 1& L_{\max }\&le;l\&le;L_{\min }\\ \exp (-\frac{{(L-L_{\max })}^2}{2{\left(\frac{2}{3}{L}_{\max }\right)}^2})& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of circular curve radius is:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<650\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-1800)}^2}{2\&times;{400}^2}\right)& 650\&le;R<1800\\ 1& 1800\&le;R\&le;10000\\ \exp \left(\frac{{(R-9000)}^2}{2\&times;{350}^2}\right)& 9000<R\&le;10000\\ 0& R>10000\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of the linear unit of adjustment curve is:

The membership function of longitudinal gradient length of grade is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& \\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{l-L_1}{{L_1}^2/10})& L_{\min }<l<L_1\\ l& L_1\&le;l\&le;L_{\max }\\ 0& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of the longitudinal gradient gradient is expressed as:

$u\left(i\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& i<-I_1\\ \frac{0.4i-0.6I_2+I_1}{I_1-I_2}& -I_1\&le;i<I_2\\ 1& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ \frac{0.4i+0.6I_2-I_1}{I_1-I_2}& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ 0& i>I_1\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of vertical curve radius:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<-R_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-R_1)}^2}{{2\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2}\right)& R_{\min }\&le;R<R_1\\ 1& R\&GreaterEqual;R_1\end{array}\right.$

Vertical curve length membership function as shown in the formula:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{{(l-l_0)}^2}{2{\left(\frac{l_0}{3}\right)}^3})& l_{\min }<l<l_0\\ 1& l\&GreaterEqual;l_0\end{array}\right.$

The linear formula of pressing in transversal section is carried out weights quantify.

$u\left(b\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& b<b_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp (-\frac{{(b-b_1)}^2}{2{({2b}_1/3)}^2})& b_{\min }\&le;b<b_1\\ 1& b\&GreaterEqual;b_1\end{array}\right.$

Flat coordinate in length and breadth, the ratio that makes up shared whole combinations according to undesirable horizontal and vertical alignment quantizes the harmony of horizontal and vertical alignment, computing function: $u\left(x\right)=1-0.5\&times;\frac{x}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;x}}$

Road speed, according to the detection of road speed, and each linear and correlation model travelling speed, predict each section travelling speed V ₈₅Value, with reference to linear overall assessment standard, determine its quantization weight:

$u\left({\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& {\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}<9.7\mathrm{km}/h\\ \exp (-\frac{{({\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}-9.7)}^2}{2{(\frac{1}{3}\&times;9.7)}^2})& {\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}>9.7\mathrm{km}/h\end{array}\right.$

Traffic capacity computing function:

$u\left(C\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& C<C_d\\ 1& C\&GreaterEqual;C_d\end{array}\right.$

Traffic safety factor, the speed of a motor vehicle of calculating each highway section reduces coefficient, calculates accident rate:

$u\left(k\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& k\&le;0.56\\ e^{{-(k-0.56)}^2}& k>0.56\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of floor area and quantity of earth work;

$u\left(u\right(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1-0.05& x<x_0\\ \exp (-\frac{(x-x_0)}{x_0^2/10})-0.05& x>x_0\end{array}\right.$

The subordinate function of environmental index is: $u\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{10}.$

Compared with the prior art, highway route evaluation method proposed by the invention not only can utilize travelling speed V ₈₅As " road speed " this important indicator in the alignment evaluation system,, predict each section travelling speed V with each linear correlation model of setting up ₈₅Value, linear quality is made accurate evaluation, and, can cover each index of correlation in the highway route quality evaluation system, and can calculate different index weights according to actual conditions, to reach the effect of evaluation targetedly and thoroughly evaluating, evaluation is accurate and evaluation index is rationally comprehensive.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a linear quality overall evaluation system synoptic diagram of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the flow process of setting up of the multiple linear regression model of the movement velocity of highway route evaluation method of the present invention.

Embodiment

Below by specific embodiment, and further specify technical scheme of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

It is the highway route assessment indicator system of element that the present invention has set up with technical indicator, functional parameter, quantitative index and environmental index, the method that has proposed to combine with step analysis and attribute mathematics is carried out the highway route evaluation, determined the degree of membership computing function and the value standard of each index of alignment evaluation, and with the assessment indicator system fit applications in the highway route evaluation: adopt membership function to calculate each Alignment Elements to linear weighing factor; By calculating each Alignment Elements degree of membership value---score weight, and in conjunction with the subitem marking of expert to the different evaluation index, the application level analytic approach, thus score is estimated in the linear design that calculates a highway.

Flat three aspects in length and breadth can directly have influence on the problem of aspect such as the travelling speed, the traffic capacity, engineering quantity, floor area, environmental impact of highway engineering.The present invention has adopted than the more reasonable and comprehensive evaluation index of prior art.As shown in Figure 1, the assessment indicator system of the highway route evaluation method institute foundation that proposes for the present invention.This system comprise destination layer 10, rule layer 20, indicator layer 30 and sub-indicator layer 40.Wherein, destination layer 10 comprises linear quality evaluation system, and rule layer 20 is the criterions that comprise alignment evaluation, for example technical indicator, functional parameter, quantitative index and environmental index; Rule layer 20 is as the second level of highway alignment comprehensive evaluation process, the every index of this grade determine just can get to the end evaluation result, first order destination layer (designed highway alignment must score value) just.4 index criterions that criterion 20 is included are subdivided into the multiple index in the third level indicator layer again:

Technical indicator comprises that horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, the linear peace in transversal section coordinates in length and breadth;

Functional parameter comprises road speed, the traffic capacity and traffic safety factor;

Quantitative index comprises floor area, quantity of earth work;

Environmental index: coordinate with view on every side, social repercussion and to social dividing degree.

It comprises straight linear, vertical alignment, travelling speed, the traffic capacity, floor area, engineering quantity, environmental impact, they.Indicator layer 30 comprises many evaluation indexes, for example straight linear, vertical disconnected shaped form, intersector curve shape, flat vertical the coordination, and these four indexs constitute the technical indicator of rule layer 20; The third level as linear quality evaluation system, be further decomposition and refinement to second level index, the relation of it and second level index is: by the data that calculate second level rule layer 20 of third level indicator layer, for example: plane figure of highway by straight line, adjustment curve and circular curve by different constituting; The various combination of straight line, adjustment curve and circular curve obtains the linear form of Different Plane, and the linear form of Different Plane has the different scope of application, and bring multi-form Widening on Curve and superelevation etc., passenger's comfort level and operation benefits need provide assessment (marking) in advance when these all can influence operation.Vertical alignment is made up of direct slope section and vertical curve again, and the length of grade of direct slope section and the gradient all are the important textual criticism elements of linear quality.But also refinement in addition comprises plurality of sections as an existing straight line of highway, and each section has a score, totally has one about integrate score value of straight line portion or the like.The ingredient of these unit constitutes an organic whole, but independent separately.

The principle of the comprehensive route evaluation method of highway alignment is to use the weight analysis principle of subitem scoring, binding hierarchy analytic approach and attribute mathematics, according to the assessment indicator system of setting up, from the third level, calculate the weight and the score of each several parts at different levels respectively, step by step up, the result of calculation of each grade is as the input data of upper level, until drawing last evaluation result.

The overall flow of highway route method for designing of the present invention.It may further comprise the steps: set up the travelling speed model; Set up linear evaluation model and alignment evaluation.

Describing the overall flow of highway route method for designing below in detail, at first is to set up the travelling speed model:

This travelling speed forecast model is by a large amount of field condition observation, and sets up through Mathematical Statistics Analysis.The present invention for wherein Mathematical Statistics Analysis.

As shown in Figure 2, be the flow process of setting up of the multiple linear regression model of the movement velocity of highway route evaluation method of the present invention.This flow process may further comprise the steps:

At first, target variable relevant with particular problem in the linear design is set, step 201; Compile data, step 202; Structural theory multiple linear regression analysis model, step 203; Estimate this model parameter, step 204; Carry out this model testing, step 205; By check, then can use this model as this model, step 206, model is used and is comprised travelling speed prediction, step 206, and alignment evaluation, step 208; , then it is made amendment not by check as this model, step 209 is returned step 202, re-executes this flow process in regular turn, compiles data and structural theory model again.

The multiple linear regression analysis model of mentioning on stream, its principle is: the content that multiple linear regression is discussed is dependent variable Y and two or more independents variable X ₁, X ₂..., X _nLinear dependence problem.Utilize multiple regression to tend to obtain, reliably estimation (or claim prediction) result more more accurate than simple linear regression.

Be located at one wireless overall in, dependent variable Y and independent variable X ₁, X ₂..., X _nBetween have linear dependence, the value X of so given one group of independent variable _1t, X _2t..., X _Nt, dependent variable Y will be according to following equation value:

Y _i＝β ₀+β ₁X _1i+β ₂X _2i+…+β _nX _ni+ε _i (1)

Formula (1) is the multiple regression linear regression model (LRM).β ₀, β ₁, β ₂..., β _nBe model parameter, it has determined dependent variable Y and independent variable X ₁, X ₂..., X _nThe concrete form of linear relationship: ε _iBe the error term stochastic variable, represented in model n the selected independent variable all the other X factors Y _iInfluence.The basic goal of regretional analysis is exactly a concrete numerical value of determining model parameter, thereby determines the concrete form of linear relationship between dependent variable and the independent variable.

To ε _iMake following 4 basic assumptions:

1. ε _iAverage or expectation value be 0, i.e. E (ε _i)=0;

2. ε _iVariance equate, promptly ${\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_1}^2={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_2}^2=\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;\&CenterDot;={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}_{{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}_n}^2={\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2$

3. ε _iNormal Distribution, i.e. ε _i～N (0, σ ²);

4. ε _iHas independence.

Because E is (ε _i)=0, to formula (1) both sides mathematical expectation,

E(Y) _i＝β ₀+β ₁X _1i+β ₂X _2i+…+β _nX _ni (2)

Formula (2) is the multiple linear regression equation.Following formula (3) is estimated regression equation for multilinear:

Ensuing work is exactly will be according to sample data compute statistics b ₁, b ₂..., b _n, numerical value, determine to estimate the concrete form of regression equation, thereby the regression equation in overall made estimation.

After drawing regression equation, also need 4 basic assumptions, diagnose linear regression:

1. the supposition of linear relationship between dependent variable and the independent variable.According to residual, normal expected value scatter diagram, when each point ordinate among the figure zero point correspondence straight line when not being certain rules when more evenly distributing up and down hypothesis set up;

2. the independence assumption of residual error.Utilize the Durbin-Watson method of inspection to diagnose, think that when DW ≈ 2 adjacent residual error is separate at 2;

3. the homogeneous property of the variance of residual error supposition.According to normal expected value, studentization residual error scatter diagram, hypothesis is not set up when not being certain rules when more evenly distributing among the figure;

4. the normal distribution of residual error supposition.Realize by histogram and P-P normal probability paper figure.

If above-mentioned 4 hypothesis are set up, so relevant Interval Estimate of Parameter, test of hypothesis all is reliably, if invalid words so just need hypothesized model again.

For example, by certain bar having been built the investigation and the analysis of highway reality " travelling speed ", set up the travelling speed forecast model that is applicable to this this specific environment of highway.

(1) travelling speed forecast model on the horizontal curve:

1. minibus mid point of curve travelling speed model

V _middle＝-18.419+0.89V _m+5.837R ^0.2+0.565In(L/2) R ²＝0.719

2. the bent whole travelling speed model of minibus

V _out＝24.642+0,803V _middle R ²＝0.714

3. bogie mid point of curve travelling speed model

V _middle＝12.799+0.812V _in R ²＝0.596

4. the whole travelling speed model of bogie curve

V _out＝3.594+2.669InR+0.705V _middle R ²＝0.779

(2) travelling speed forecast model (longitudinal gradient is less than 1.5%) on the straight line

1. the travelling speed model of minibus straight-line segment mid point

V _midle＝-42.891+0.908V _m+1.59In(L)+7.725In(R ₁)

2. the travelling speed model of minibus straight-line segment terminal point

V _out＝-90.394+0.807V _middle+3.6437In(L)+10.311In(R ₂)

(3) longitudinal gradient travelling speed model (longitudinal gradient is greater than 1.5%)

1. minibus longitudinal gradient travelling speed model

$-{0.2675i}^2+3.3538i+7.6364$

$=g\left(\frac{V_1+V_2}{2}\right)[\left(\frac{1+\mathrm{\&delta;}}{g}\right)\left(\frac{{V_2}^2-{V_1}^2}{2s}\right)+f+i/100+\frac{\mathrm{KF}({V_1}^2+{V_2}^2)}{13G}]$

3. bogie longitudinal gradient travelling speed model

$-0.031i^3-{0.288i}^2+1.935i+11.861$

$=g\left(\frac{V_1+V_2}{2}\right)[\left(\frac{1+\mathrm{\&delta;}}{g}\right)\left(\frac{{V_2}^2-{V_1}^2}{2s}\right)+f+i/100+\frac{\mathrm{KF}({V_1}^2+{V_2}^2)}{13G}]$

(4) equivalent longitudinal gradient is read computation model under the curved slope combination

$i_2=i+\frac{V^2}{127R}{i}_h$

Use above-mentioned travelling speed forecast model and travelling speed of the present invention prediction flow process, can dope the travelling speed V under certain linear condition ₈₅Value, and the travelling speed situation of change between the adjacent linear unit.By carrying out the overall flow of highway route evaluation method of the present invention, can finish the alignment evaluation of highway again.

Next, be according to each criterion and index in the linear quality overall evaluation system shown in Figure 1, set up the process of alignment evaluation model:

1, three grades of evaluation procedures, the determining section pointer data

(1) the horizontal alignment index is calculated

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { horizontal alignment }

Set of factors: { combination of linear, adjustment curve, circular curve, straight slow circle }

Comment collection: { horizontal alignment score }

2) set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix, as shown in the formula:

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

In the formula: L1, H1, Y1, Z1 represent the degree of membership that the combination of straight line, adjustment curve, circular curve, straight slow circle is determined, i.e. individual event score respectively.

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₃₁＝W ₃₁×R ₃₁

(2) the vertical alignment index is calculated

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { vertical alignment }

Set of factors: { direct slope section (comprising the length of grade and the gradient), vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination }

Comment collection: { vertical alignment score }

2) set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix

According to the actual conditions of landform, and longitudinal gradient and vertical curve to the adaptation situation at scene and driving to the requirement of vertical broken string shape, determine direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and the relative Link Importance that vertical curve makes up, set up the weight allocation matrix

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₃₂＝[ZP1，SQ1，ZQ1] ^T

In the formula: ZP1, SQ1, ZQ1 represent the degree of membership that direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination are determined, i.e. individual event score respectively.

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₃₂＝W ₃₂×R ₃₂

By that analogy, respectively three grades of weight matrix of linear, the floor area of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, transversal section etc. and divide value matrix draw each evaluation result partly, i.e. the secondary judging quota at last.

2, secondary is passed judgment on process, determines the every pointer data of rule layer

(1) technical indicator

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { technical indicator }

Set of factors: { horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, linear, the flat coordination in length and breadth in transversal section }

Comment collection: { highway alignment technical indicator score }

2) set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₂₁＝[B1 ₂₁，B ₂₂，B1 ₂₃，B1 ₂₄] ^T

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₂₁＝W ₂₁×R ₂₁

(2) function pointer

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { function exceeds standard }

Set of factors: { travelling speed, the traffic capacity, traffic safety factor }

Comment collection: { highway alignment function pointer score }

2) set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₂₂＝[B2 ₂₁，B2 ₂₂，B2 ₂₃] ^T

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₂₂＝W ₂₂×R ₂₂

(3) quantitative index

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { quantitative index }

Set of factors: { floor area }

Comment collection: { highway alignment quantitative index score }

2) set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₂₃＝[B3 ₂₁，B3 ₂₂] ^T

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₂₂＝W ₂₂×R ₂₂

(4) environmental index

1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { environmental index }

Set of factors: { linear and surrounding environment harmony, social repercussion, highway are to the separation degree of sub-district }

Comment collection: { highway alignment environmental index score }

2) set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix

3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₂₄＝[B4 ₂₁，B4 ₂₂，B4 ₂₃] ^T

4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₂₄＝W ₂₄×R ₂₄

3, one-level is estimated matrix, obtains final appraisal results

(1) determines object set, set of factors and comment collection

Object set: { highway alignment }

Set of factors: { technology pointer, function pointer, quantity pointer, environmental index }

Comment collection: { highway alignment comprehensive evaluation score }

(2) set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix

(3) set up synthetic evaluation matrix

R ₁₁＝[B ₂₁，B ₂₂，B ₂₃，B ₂₄] ^T

(4) calculate the evaluation result matrix

B ₁₁＝W ₁₁×R ₁₁

According to this highway alignment integrated evaluating method, obtain the existing quality score that judges.Because each project of highway engineering all has its irreplaceable specific environment, as fill out shoveling cubic meter of stone amount and topographic and geologic etc. and closely link to each other etc., therefore, last evaluation result is also needed in conjunction with the situations such as concrete landform, geology, river, vegetation and building of highway location the indivedual weights and the individual event score of evaluation procedure to be carried out necessary correction or adjustment, draw net result.Promptly under situation about being well grounded, can carry out suitable comprehensive correction to the linear evaluation score.In the hope of reaching the objective evaluation that more gears to actual circumstances.

Listed each index shared proportion in highway alignment is estimated in the table 1:

Table 1

Overall objective	Proportion (%)	Sub-indicator	Sub-indicator proportion (%)	Sub-index	Sub-index proportion (%)
						Technical indicator	37.67	Horizontal alignment	32.86	Straight line	20.28
Circular curve	27.92
		Adjustment curve	22.75
The horizontal curve combination	29.05

		Vertical alignment	27.03	Length of grade	30.98
								The gradient	31.05
				Vertical curve	37.96
						The transversal section is linear	17.46	Form size	35.13
				Superelevation is widened	30.79
								Sighting distance guarantees	34.08
		Flat coordination in length and breadth	22.65	/	/
						The function pointer	31	Travelling speed	34.16	/	/
The traffic capacity	29.60	/	/
				Traffic safety factor	36.24			/	/
Quantitative index		Floor area	52.36							/	/
				Quantity of earth work	47.64	/	/
		Environmental index	16.33					Environmental harmony		/	/
Society's repercussion				/	/
						Degree is separated in the sub-district		/	/

The cardinal rule that evaluation index quantizes has following four kinds:

(1) every existing " standard ", " standard " and other country, the industry laws of not meeting of all linear indexs, its this item score is in 0:

(2) " general value " and " minimum value " two kinds of index request persons are arranged in " standard ", generally require existing design adopted value on " general value " level, greater than " minimum value " less than the element of " generally value " will by actual conditions provide between 0～1 the score value weight.

(3) be better than state quota person in linear, this can get full marks; Be inferior to state quota person, provide score value weight between 0～1 according between the two difference ratio.

(4) for some unit that be difficult for to quantize in the linear index, as flat in length and breadth in conjunction with the situation scoring, be in conjunction with the similar highway section of building highway, the application speed method of testing in conjunction with velocity variations or situation continuously, draws relative Link Importance, provides suitable score value.Or, detect the flat of designed highway section in length and breadth in conjunction with situation by scenography, carry out the comprehensive quantification scoring from many-sides such as driving and comfortablenesses.

3, there is different quantitatively evaluating computing formula various linear unit:

1) straight line

The quantification of the linear unit of straight line can be adopted the linear membership function, and its function representation is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 1& L_{\max }\&le;l\&le;L_{\min }\\ \exp (-\frac{{(L-L_{\max })}^2}{2{\left(\frac{2}{3}{L}_{\max }\right)}^2})& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

L _Max, L _Min, l represents () respectively at this.

2) circular curve

The radius value pointer of circular curve has four, limit least radius value, general least radius value and do not establish the least radius value of superelevation, and maximum radius value.For the Tianjin highway, the membership function of circular curve radius is:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<650\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-1800)}^2}{2\&times;{400}^2}\right)& 650\&le;R<1800\\ 1& 1800\&le;R\&le;10000\\ \exp \left(\frac{{(R-9000)}^2}{2\&times;{350}^2}\right)& 9000<R\&le;10000\\ 0& R>10000\end{array}\right.$

R in the above-mentioned formula represents (); The unit of numeral is a kilometer.

3) adjustment curve

The membership function of the linear unit of adjustment curve is expressed as:

4) longitudinal gradient length of grade

The longitudinal gradient length of grade must satisfy the requirement of minimum length of grade and maximum length of grade, and its membership function is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& \\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{l-L_1}{{L_1}^2/10})& L_{\min }<l<L_1\\ l& L_1\&le;l\&le;L_{\max }\\ 0& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

In the following formula, L ₁The minimum length of grade that representative is suitable is obtained by the operating speed Model Calculation, but value 400m.

For fear of the generation of " brokeback " curve, and make the mitigation transition of " weightening finish and loss of weight " phenomenon, the direct slope section length of grade between continuous two vertical sag curves of highway and the reverse vertical curve of convex-concave should be not less than 3S stroke, i.e. 100m.The membership function of direct slope section is:

$u\left(l^{\&prime;}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{l^{\&prime;}-100}{2{\left(\frac{100}{3}\right)}^2})& 0<l^{\&prime;}<100\\ l& l^{\&prime;}\&GreaterEqual;100\end{array}\right.$

In the formula: l ' is the length of straigh line (unit: m) between two vertical sag curves or between the convex-concave vertical curve.The comprehensive membership function of length of grade is: u (L)=u (l) u (l ').

5) the longitudinal gradient gradient

The membership function of the longitudinal gradient gradient is expressed as:

$u\left(i\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& i<-I_1\\ \frac{0.4i-0.6I_2+I_1}{I_1-I_2}& -I_1\&le;i<I_2\\ 1& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ \frac{0.4i+0.6I_2-I_1}{I_1-I_2}& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ 0& i>I_1\end{array}\right.$

In the formula: I ₁Be maximum longitudinal grade value (%)

I ₂Be desirable maximum longitudinal grade value (%), desirable 1.4%.

6) vertical curve

The membership function of vertical curve radius is similar to circular curve radius, as shown in the formula:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<-R_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-R_1)}^2}{{2\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2}\right)& R_{\min }\&le;R<R_1\\ 1& R\&GreaterEqual;R_1\end{array}\right.$

In the formula, R ₁For satisfying the minimal vertical curve radius (m) that vision requires;

σ is a calculating parameter, $\mathrm{\&sigma;}=\frac{R_{\min }}{3}.$

For the safety of driving a vehicle and comfortable, vertical curve also need satisfy the requirement of minimum length of vertical curve except the requirement that will satisfy least radius, vertical curve length membership function as shown in the formula:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{{(l-l_0)}^2}{2{\left(\frac{l_0}{3}\right)}^3})& l_{\min }<l<l_0\\ 1& l\&GreaterEqual;l_0\end{array}\right.$

In the formula: l _MinMinimum value (unit: m) for vertical curve length in " standard ";

l ₀General value (the unit: m) of vertical curve length in " standard ";

The comprehensive membership function of vertical curve is: u=u (R) u (l)

7) transversal section is linear

All need meet the requirements linear each in transversal section partly formed, superelevation is widened, the assurance of sighting distance etc., quantizes according to actual conditions.

For each size of partly forming of transversal section,, can carry out weights quantify by following formula as curb-to-curb width, shoulder width etc.

$u\left(b\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& b<b_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp (-\frac{{(b-b_1)}^2}{2{({2b}_1/3)}^2})& b_{\min }\&le;b<b_1\\ 1& b\&GreaterEqual;b_1\end{array}\right.$

In the formula, b _MinMinimum value for ();

b ₁General value for ().

Widen assurance situation with sighting distance for superelevation, can be calculated as follows.

8) flat coordination in length and breadth

Flat coordination in length and breadth for alignment evaluation mainly needs to investigate harmony flat, ordinate shape.According to the basic demand of flat vertical combination, when vertical curve and horizontal curve combination, vertical curve should be included within the horizontal curve, and horizontal curve should be longer than vertical curve.If the horizontal and vertical alignment composite design does not meet these requirements, then the harmony of linear combination is relatively poor.Can quantize the harmony of horizontal and vertical alignment according to the ratio that undesirable horizontal and vertical alignment makes up shared whole combinations.

$u\left(x\right)=1-0.5\&times;\frac{x}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;x}}$

In the formula: x is undesirable flat vertical number of combinations;

∑ x is flat vertical combined number summation.

9) road speed

According to the detection of road speed, and each linear and correlation model travelling speed, each section travelling speed V predicted ₈₅Value with reference to linear overall assessment standard, is determined its quantization weight.

$u\left({\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& {\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}<9.7\mathrm{km}/h\\ \exp (-\frac{{({\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}-9.7)}^2}{2{(\frac{1}{3}\&times;9.7)}^2})& {\mathrm{\&Delta;V}}_{85}>9.7\mathrm{km}/h\end{array}\right.$

Related V in this index subordinate function ₈₅, obtain by the forecast model of travelling speed (or claiming road speed).

10) traffic capacity

The traffic capacity is to see whether road alignment design satisfies the requirement of design capacity, and satisfying is 1, and not satisfying is 0, and its function is:

$u\left(C\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& C<C_d\\ 1& C\&GreaterEqual;C_d\end{array}\right.$

11) traffic safety factor calculates the speed of a motor vehicle reduction coefficient in each highway section, calculates accident rate:

$u\left(k\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& k\&le;0.56\\ e^{-{(k-0.56)}^2}& k>0.56\end{array}\right.$

The evaluation of relevant traffic safety factor is according to for example as follows:

Outstanding linear design accident rate is 0.56 time/1,000,000 kilometers; General linear design accident rate is 1.44 times/1,000,000 kilometers; And the linear design accident rate of difference is 2.76 times/1,000,000 kilometers

12) floor area and quantity of earth work

Relevant statistical indicator with these two indexs is a benchmark, provides its quality situation, and membership function is;

$u\left(u\right(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1-0.05& x<x_0\\ \exp (-\frac{(x-x_0)}{x_0^2/10})-0.05& x>x_0\end{array}\right.$

In the formula, x is floor area (hm ²) or quantity of earth work (1000m ³);

x ₀Reference index for floor area or quantity of earth work.

13) environmental index

With reference to the standard of determining in the table 2, can determine that the subordinate function of environmental index is:

$u\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{10}$

In the formula, x is each factors quantization value.

Like this, every kind of Alignment Elements based on a highway alignment can be according to the design value situation, calculate the degree of membership value of quantification, multiply by the average that this Alignment Elements shared weight (score value) in whole alignment evaluation system can obtain this design Alignment Elements respectively, all the score summation of Alignment Elements is exactly linear quality evaluation result.

Table 2

Estimate term			Quantized value
				Coordinate with surrounding environment	Society's repercussion	Separation degree to community	9
Fine	Fine	Do not separate	7
				Good	Good	Separation is arranged slightly	5
Generally	Generally	Separate	3
				Bad	Bad	The serious separation	1
Very poor	Very poor	The absolute separation

Other also comprises traffic safety factor, floor area and quantity of earth work, reaches the quantification calculating of evaluation indexes such as environmental index.

At last, be according to above-mentioned travelling speed forecast model and alignment evaluation model, carry out the process of alignment evaluation:

Each Alignment Elements based on a highway alignment can be according to the design value situation, calculate the degree of membership value of quantification, multiply by this Alignment Elements shared score value in whole alignment evaluation system respectively, can obtain the average of this design Alignment Elements, all the score summation of Alignment Elements is exactly linear quality evaluation result.

The deviser can be according to linear revise of linear quality evaluation result to designing, and for the highway of having built up, the result of evaluation can be used as the foundation that highway is rebuild, to eliminate potential safety hazard and other problem of bringing owing to linear design.

Highway route evaluation method of the present invention is used " speed of service " and is carried out alignment evaluation, and the method possesses following characteristics:

1, the Alignment Design evaluation method of employing " speed of service " does not change the method for present prior art, just increases the process with " speed of service " inspection, correction in the method for prior art. The requirement of this is also corresponding " specification of the highway route design " (JTG D20-2006) requirement introducing speed of service and safety evaluatio test design achievement.

2, adopt the method that changes flat, vertical technical indicator to make speed of service figure not produce sudden change, make its smooth-going variation, also can carry out smooth-going correction by imagination to " speed of service " figure, determine conversely accordingly flat, ordinate shape index.

3, adopt " desin speed " and the method that " speed of service " coexists, both can satisfy the minimum requirements of running car terms of mechanics, also can satisfy most of drivers' driving demand.

4, adopt the Alignment Design method of " speed of service ", by changing the Alignment Design index, working control the possible actual motion speed of automobile, be favourable to traffic safety.

Claims (6)

1. highway route evaluation method, carry out the highway route evaluation with the method that step analysis and attribute mathematics combine, determine the degree of membership computing function and the value standard of each index of alignment evaluation, and cooperate with assessment indicator system and to carry out the highway route evaluation, simultaneously, adopt membership function to calculate each Alignment Elements to linear weighing factor; By calculating each Alignment Elements degree of membership value, to calculate the linear design of a highway and estimate score, this method comprises:

Set up the movement velocity forecast model

Target variable relevant with the specific design problem in the linear design is set;

Compile the achievement data of actual measurement;

Structural theory multiple linear regression analysis model;

Estimate this model parameter;

Carry out this model testing;

By check, then can use this model as this model, model is used and is comprised the travelling speed prediction, and alignment evaluation;

Not by check, after then it being made amendment, re-execute this flow process in regular turn as this model, compile data and structural theory model again;

Set up the movement velocity equation of linear regression;

Set up the alignment evaluation model

According to each criterion and the index in the linear quality overall evaluation system, set up the alignment evaluation model:

Evaluation model to indicator layer is set up, and comprises

Determine the horizontal alignment index, set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix:

L1, H1, Y1, Z1 represent the degree of membership that the combination of straight line, adjustment curve, circular curve, straight slow circle is determined, i.e. individual event score respectively; Calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₃₁=W ₃₁* R ₃₁

Determine the vertical alignment index, set up the factor of evaluation weight matrix: according to the actual conditions of landform, and longitudinal gradient and vertical curve are to the adaptation situation at scene and the driving requirement to vertical broken string shape, determine the relative Link Importance of direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination, set up the weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₃₂=[ZP1, SQ1, ZQ1] ^T, in the formula: ZP1, SQ1, ZQ1 represent the degree of membership that direct slope section, vertical curve, direct slope section and vertical curve combination are determined respectively, i.e. individual event score is calculated evaluation result matrix: B ₃₂=W ₃₂* R ₃₂

By that analogy, respectively three grades of weight matrix of linear, the floor area of horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, transversal section etc. and divide value matrix draw each evaluation result partly, i.e. the secondary judging quota at last.

Evaluation model to rule layer is set up, and comprises

Determine technical indicator, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₁=[B1 ₂₁, B ₂₂, B1 ₂₃, B1 ₂₄] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₁=W ₂₁* R ₂₁

Determine functional parameter, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₂=[B2 ₂₁, B2 ₂₂, B2 ₂₃] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₂=W ₂₂* R ₂₂

The quantification index, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₃=[B3 ₂₁, B3 ₂₂] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₂=W ₂₂* R ₂₂

Determine environmental index, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₂₄=[B4 ₂₁, B4 ₂₂, B4 ₂₃] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₂₄=W ₂₄* R ₂₄

Set up one-level and estimate matrix, obtain final appraisal results, set up factor of evaluation weight allocation matrix:

Set up synthetic evaluation matrix: R ₁₁=[B ₂₁, B ₂₂, B ₂₃, B ₂₄] ^T, calculate evaluation result matrix: B ₁₁=W ₁₁* R ₁₁

According to above-mentioned alignment evaluation model, obtain linear quality score to be evaluated.

Every kind of Alignment Elements based on a highway alignment can calculate the degree of membership value of quantification according to the design value situation,

The linear membership function, its function representation is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 1& L_{\max }\&le;l\&le;L_{\min }\\ \exp (-\frac{{(L-L_{\max })}^2}{2{\left(\frac{2}{3}{L}_{\max }\right)}^2})& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of circular curve radius is:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<650\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-1800)}^2}{2\&times;{400}^2}\right)& 650\&le;R<1800\\ 1& 1800\&le;R\&le;10000\\ \exp \left(\frac{{(R-9000)}^2}{2\&times;{350}^2}\right)& 9000<R\&le;10000\\ 0& R>10000\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of the linear unit of adjustment curve is:

The membership function of longitudinal gradient length of grade is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& \\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{l-L_1}{{L_1}^2/10})& L_{\min }<l<L_1\\ l& L_1\&le;l\&le;L_{\max }\\ 0& l>L_{\max }\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of the longitudinal gradient gradient is expressed as:

$u\left(i\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& i<-I_1\\ \frac{0.4i-0.6I_2+I_1}{I_1-I_2}& -I_1\&le;i<I_2\\ 1& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ \frac{0.4i+0.6I_2-I_1}{I_1-I_2}& I_2\&le;i<I_1\\ 0& i>I_1\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of vertical curve radius:

$u\left(R\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& R<-R_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp \left(\frac{{(R-R_1)}^2}{2{\mathrm{\&sigma;}}^2}\right)& R_{\min }\&le;R{<R}_1\\ 1& R{\&GreaterEqual;R}_1\end{array}\right.$

Vertical curve length membership function as shown in the formula:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{{(l-l_0)}^2}{2{\left(\frac{l_0}{3}\right)}^2})& l_{\min }<l{<l}_0\\ 1& l\&GreaterEqual;l_0\end{array}\right.$

The linear formula of pressing in transversal section is carried out weights quantify.

$u\left(b\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& b<b_{\min }\\ 0.3+0.7\exp (-\frac{{(b-b_1)}^2}{2{(2b_1/3)}^2})& b_{\min }\&le;b<b_1\\ 1& b\&GreaterEqual;b_1\end{array}\right.$

Flat coordinate in length and breadth, the ratio that makes up shared whole combinations according to undesirable horizontal and vertical alignment quantizes the harmony of horizontal and vertical alignment, computing function:

$u\left(x\right)=1-0.5\&times;\frac{x}{\mathrm{\&Sigma;x}}$

Road speed, according to the detection of road speed, and each linear and correlation model travelling speed, predict each section travelling speed V ₈₅Value, with reference to linear overall assessment standard, determine its quantization weight:

$u\left(\mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}_{85}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& \mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}_{85}<9.7\mathrm{km}/h\\ \exp (-\frac{{(\mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}_{85}-9.7)}^2}{2{(\frac{1}{3}\&times;9.7)}^2})& \mathrm{\&Delta;}{V}_{85}>9.7\mathrm{km}/h\end{array}\right.$

Traffic capacity computing function:

$u\left(C\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& C<C_d\\ 1& C\&GreaterEqual;C_d\end{array}\right.$

Traffic safety factor, the speed of a motor vehicle of calculating each highway section reduces coefficient, calculates accident rate:

$u\left(k\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1& k\&le;0.56\\ e^{-{(k-0.56)}^2}& k>0.56\end{array}\right.$

The membership function of floor area and quantity of earth work;

$u\left(u\left(x\right)\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}1-0.05& x<x_0\\ \exp (-\frac{(x-x_0)}{x_0^2/10})-0.05& x>x_0\end{array}\right.$

The subordinate function of environmental index is: $u\left(x\right)=\frac{x}{10}.$

2. highway route evaluation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the calculating of described longitudinal gradient length of grade membership function, direct slope section length of grade between continuous two vertical sag curves of highway and the reverse vertical curve of convex-concave should be not less than the 3S stroke, when being 100m, also need add the membership function of direct slope section when alignment evaluation, this function is:

$u\left(l^{\&prime;}\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{l^{\&prime;}-100}{2{\left(\frac{100}{3}\right)}^2})& 0{<l}^{\&prime;}<100\\ l& l^{\&prime;}\&GreaterEqual;100\end{array}\right..$

3. highway route evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the COMPREHENSIVE CALCULATING function of described longitudinal gradient length of grade membership function is: u (L)=u (l) u (l ').

4. highway route evaluation method as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described vertical curve also satisfies the requirement of minimum length of vertical curve, and vertical curve length membership function is:

$u\left(l\right)=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& l<l_{\min }\\ 0.6+0.4\exp (-\frac{{(l-l_0)}^2}{2{\left(\frac{l_0}{3}\right)}^2})& l_{\min }<l<l_0\\ 1& l\&GreaterEqual;l_0\end{array}\right..$

5. highway route evaluation method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, the comprehensive membership function of described vertical curve is: u=u (R) u (l).

6. highway route evaluation method as claimed in claim 4 is characterized in that, described transversal section is linear widens situation with sighting distance in superelevation, calculates according to following formula:

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