Summary of the invention
It is simple to the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of construction, can find its position immediately when breaking down, and needn't worry corrosion simultaneously, and operating expenses is low and engineering is simple, and when carrying or collection, can be folded into the little hot water mat that is used for floor heating device of volume.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme 1 described invention is: a kind of collapsible floor heating hot water mat, constitute by heat-barrier material, in the assembly unit plate that forms upper surface pipe arrangement groove, lay hot-water line, dispose rod simultaneously, and cover the upper surface that described hot-water line appears by fin, it is characterized in that, described floor heating uses hot water mat by disposing 3 along left and right directions, 6 assembly unit plates that dispose 2 along the vertical direction constitute, and on these 6 assembly unit plates, divide and sticked fin up and down respectively, has mountain valley shape folding part longitudinally clipping between this left and right sides assembly unit plate of central assembly unit plate, between the assembly unit plate that separates up and down, form horizontal shape folding part, mountain peak, at first in two folding parts longitudinally, all be that roll over left and right sides assembly unit plate with being converted into the mountain valley shape above the central assembly unit plate inboard with respect to being converted into 3 with the fin, then, assembly unit plate that will be overlapping 3 at horizontal place, folding part is to the dorsal part doubling, so that the fin of central assembly unit plate is folded into the mountain peak shape, the fin of left and right sides assembly unit plate is folded into the mode of mountain valley shape to the dorsal part doubling, thereby 6 assembly unit plates coincide when folding.
By this invention, a hot water mat can be folded into about 1/6 size, realize miniaturization.
And in technical scheme 2 described inventions, as technical scheme 1 described collapsible floor heating hot water mat, hot-water line only connects between up and down at central assembly unit plate, the assembly unit plate of central authorities and about the assembly unit plate between connect by fin.
By this invention, can simplify the pipe arrangement of the hot-water line in the folding part.
In above-mentioned the present invention, hot water mat is laid on the base material or plate on floor, at this above hot water mat, for example lays flooring material, soft wood, floor tile material etc. as earth material.And, after being laid on this earth material on the hot water mat, nail being advanced rod from the earth material nail fixes.Also can be adhesively fixed in the surperficial coated with adhesive of rod.
The hot water inlet of the hot-water line of hot water mat and outlet are connected on the hot water collector (hot water dispenser), the hot water inlet of this hot water collector is connected in the hot water outlet of heat source machine by the hot water feeding pipe of circulating path, hot water outlet is connected in the hot water inlet of heat source machine by hot water return pipe.When the remote controller switch in the room of laying hot water mat reaches ON, circulating pump begins to drive, heater in the heat source machine produces heat simultaneously, water enters in the heat exchanger, this water is heated as about 60 ℃ hot water by described heater, this hot water enters the hot water collector from the hot water outlet of heat source machine through the hot water feeding pipe, hot water is so that circulation or unidirectional mode are assigned with and enter in the hot-water line of hot water mat left with to the right herein, return the hot water collector around this hot-water line once more after one week, enter in the heat source machine through hot water backwater's mouth of hot water return pipe from heat source machine, enter in the heat exchanger through circulating pump, the heating number of degrees that temperature descends that make it to raise once more,, be fed in the hot water mat once more through the hot water feeding pipe road from heat source machine.
Circulation time in the hot-water line of hot water in hot water mat, the heat that hot water distributes pass to the fin on pad surface, and heat is passed through this fin with planar diffusion.This heat is flooring heatedly, distributes to indoor as radiant heat.Carry out indoor heating by this effect.
Usually,, detect room temperature,, just close heat source machine, or stop the hot water supply of heat source machine if reach the room temperature of setting with sensor at indoor installation remote controller.Then,, send a signal to the thermal source pusher side, hot water is circulated in hot water mat once more by sensor if be lower than the setting room temperature.
Usually, about about 60 ℃ of the temperature of the hot water that in hot water mat, circulates, but because floor heating device turns round when beginning, the heating demand height has the situation that room temperature is difficult for rising.At this moment, in several minutes of entry into service, can control with about 80 ℃ hot water the hot water temperature that heat source machine comes out and circulate.These controls are all carried out automatically by control loop.
Then, in above-mentioned the present invention, can overlapping 6 hot-water line, so when can make radiating tube not be emerging in the surface, hot water mat is folded into thinkable minimum dimension.
The present invention as mentioned above, be laid under the earth material and make the hot water that produces by heat source machine such mode that in this hot water mat, circulates owing to taking that hot-water line S shape is disposed at hot water mat in the pad body of being made by foamed styrene etc., so can produce following effect.
1. only get final product, thereby construction simply by laying hot water mat on as the base material in room of ground heat target or sheet material.
2. during fault,, just can find this position at once if leak in the hot water mat etc., can handle at once as long as open earth material.
3. stick aluminum thermal fin by surface, can improve heat transfer efficiency, realize the heat transfer homogenising at hot water mat.
4. by in the assembly unit plate, inserting rod, even pad body uses such as foamed styrene, because of the effect of these rods with support floor, also have enough yield strengths even can guarantee to place furniture etc., can earth material be fixed on the rod with nail etc. simultaneously.
5. in hot water mat, by making hot water current reverse flow, it is inhomogeneous to reduce the heat radiation that temperature rate of change causes.
Can bring following effect like this.
1 ', carrying or construction the time needn't worry damage.
2 ', assembly unit plate and hot-water line are whole connects, can carry out pipe arrangement at the scene, stick operation such as fin again.
3 ', be housed in the assembly unit plate by hot-water line and protected folded part, can prevent the breakage of hot-water line
4 ', because folded part has line part, can be so that folded part and hot-water line be interior with the angular cross of mitigation naturally in long distance.
5 ', the load of folded part do not concentrate on hot-water line, reduced the damaged danger of pipe
6 ', owing to successfully carry out hot-water line upset, and upset portion is accommodated in the groove, thus in upset portion, hot-water line is not over-stressed.
7 ', can prevent the generation of following problems.That is, when folding in when construction etc., when hot water mat use in the carrying floor heating because the danger of the hot-water line breakage that causes of exposing from the folding part, the danger of the fin breakage outside perhaps when folding, being exposed to.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment (corresponding to technical scheme 1~2)
Fig. 1 is the figure of the integral body of expression floor heating device.As describing floor heating device in detail according to Fig. 1, then symbol 1 is a heat source machine, is assembled with gas burner 2 and heat exchanger 3 and circulating pump 4 in this heat source machine 1.The 5th, be used for sending hot water water supply collector by the hot water of described heat exchanger 3 heating to hot water mat side described later, the 6th, hot water backwater's collector.In addition, according to execution conditions etc., also can use oil burner or electrothermal or used heat to utilize mode etc. as the gas burner 2 of this heat source machine 1 internal heater.
The 7th, be laid on 2 indoor hot water mats respectively, S shape is disposed hot-water line 8 in this hot water mat 7, the hot water of sending by the hot water water supply collector 5 of described heat source machine 1, enter from hot water feeding pipe 9 in the hot water collector 10 of hot water mat 7, enter in the hot-water line 8 from this hot water collector 10 again, around hot water mat after 7 one weeks, get back to hot water collector 10, pass heat exchanger 3 from hot water return pipe 11 via the hot water backwater's collector 6 and the circulating pump 4 of heat source machine 1 again, through being sent once more to hot water mat 7 sides after the heating once more.
The 12nd, be located at indoor remote controller, this remote controller 12 has room temperature set-up function, room temperature measuring ability (sensor), and is provided with the running switch, and the signal that sends from this remote controller 12 is sent to the control loop 13 of heat source machine 1 side, and heat source machine 1 is controlled by remote control.
Side according to Fig. 2~5 pair hot water mat is elaborated.In these figure, Fig. 2 is the plane of pad body, and Fig. 3 is the plane of hot water collector part, and Fig. 4 is the key diagram of slight round log part, and Fig. 5 is a sectional view of having implemented the part of hot water mat.
Hot water mat 7 is made of the slight round log 20 that the tetragonal pad body that is processed into foamed styrene (assembly unit plate) 14, wooden rod 15, pipe arrangement groove 17, resin heat water pipe 8, are attached to the fin 19 of the pad body 14 aluminium foil system above whole and insert rod 15 tops.This rod 15 alternately inserts abreast from the both sides up and down of this pad body 14, and its top does not arrive the limit of subtend, and with corresponding limit between form U-shaped back bending space 16; This tube seat 17 with the mode of walking around described rod 15 be formed on pad body 14 above; This hot-water line 8 is that starting point is configured in this tube seat 17 with hot water collector 10.
The hot water outlet socket 22 of described hot water collector 10, about 22a separately is arranged on, hot water backwater's mouth socket 23 simultaneously, about 23a also separately is arranged on, 2 hot-water lines 8 are connected to hot water outlet socket 22,22a and hot water backwater's socket 23, between the 23a, enter in the hot water collector 10 from hot water water supply socket 24 with respect to the hot water of hot water collector 10 supplies through hot water feeding pipe 9 from heat source machine 1, hot-water line 8 about entering respectively, flow to the left end or the right-hand member of hot water mat 7 again, return in this revolution, shift to an opposite side by the part of hot water collector 10, flow through the end of hot water mat 7 when S shape is advanced between rod 15 again, return hot water collector 10.
The hot water that returns like this, from the circulating hot water backwater socket 24a of hot water collector 10 through hot water return pipe 11, enter in the heat source machine 1 from hot water backwater's collector 6, flow through the circulating hot water outlet socket 22 of circulating pump 4 heat exchangers 3 → hot water water supply collector 5 → hot water feeding pipe 9 → hot water collector 10, the hot-water line 8 of 22a → hot water mat 7, around 7 one week of hot water mat the back return hot water collector 10 from hot water backwater's mouth socket 23,23a.
In Fig. 5, the 26th, round log, the 27th, base material, the 28th, heat-barrier material, the 29th, flooring material, the 30th, with the nail of flooring material 29 nails on rod 15.
In the present embodiment, flooring material 29 utilizes nail 30 and is fixed on the rod 15, also can utilize binding agent or two-sided tape etc. fixing.
Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are the figure of the integral body of expression hot water mat of the present invention.In addition, in the following description, this device is for dividing 6 assembly unit plates 2 up and down, and 3 of horizontally-arrangeds are put, and post 1 fin on 3 assembly unit plates below, above the fin of 3 assembly unit plates and following 3 assembly unit plate sides separate and post 1 fin.In this way, illustrate and be arranged on and 2 longitudinal folding of the rod parallel direction and be arranged on embodiment with 1 laterally folded structure of locating to engage of rod orthogonal direction; Certainly the present invention makes 1 up and down, about put 3 assembly unit plate in the structure that engages with the place, 2 folding parts of rod parallel direction.In addition, the configuration of rod shown in the accompanying drawing and hot-water line is one embodiment of the present of invention, and the present invention is not limited in embodiment shown in the drawings.
Fig. 6 is provided with the plane of example with the hot-water line of hot water mat etc. for the floor heating used among the embodiment.Fig. 7 (a)~(c) and Fig. 8~Figure 10 represent that the floor heating used among the embodiment is with hot water mat and folding step thereof; Fig. 8 is for being folded in state on the central assembly unit plate with the plate of assembly unit up and down in left side with the mountain valley shape; Fig. 9 for the plate of assembly unit up and down on right side with the mountain valley shape be folded on the central assembly unit plate, state on the assembly unit plate that is combined in the left side of laying equal stress on; Figure 10 is the state of assembly unit plate after the dorsal part doubling that is converted into the mountain valley shape; Figure 11~Figure 14 is the floor heating used among the embodiment sectional view with hot water mat, in order respectively the state (Figure 11) that launches of expression, with 1 folding part be converted into state (Figure 12) behind the shape of mountain valley, with 2 folding parts be converted into state (Figure 14) behind the shape of mountain valley, with the state (Figure 13) of all folding parts after the inboard is folding.Figure 15,16 for the employed floor heating of embodiment with hot water mat in respectively with about the cross section enlarged drawing of 2 folding parts (Figure 15) and gap that (Figure 16) produced during directly in the dorsal part doubling with the state that is converted into the mountain valley shape when being converted into the mountain valley shape.
Figure 17~Figure 22 is for being folded into hot water mat the key diagram of other method of mountain peak shape.
With in the hot water mat, shown in the example of Fig. 6, lay hot-water line 202 in the employed floor heating of embodiment so that by the flow of hot water of collector 204 turnover to whole hot water mat 200; Begin a plurality of rods 201 of alternately be arrangeding in parallel and forming from the upper and lower side of hot water mat 200, when being used to construct base material fixed and bear the top layer material by laminate etc.On hot water mat 200, the one side that the one side that is equipped with hot-water line 202 relatively becomes the folding part X-X ' of mountain peak shape, be equipped with hot-water line 202 relatively becomes the folding part Y of mountain valley shape
1-Y
1', Y
2-Y
2' be arranged between assembly unit plate C, A, E and AB, CD, the EF; Can be in these folding parts with the assembly unit plate doubling behind 3 foldings.Be not converted into the folding part X-X ' of doubling again behind 3 foldings but be not provided with, the assembly unit plate by central authorities and about totally 3 constitute.
On hot water mat 200, the assembly unit material raw material that is equipped with hot-water line 202 parts uses the foaming bodies such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) of heat-insulating property, good processability usually, in case the hot water heat is lost.Be formed with the pipe arrangement groove 203 (with reference to figure 7 (b)) that is used to dispose hot-water line 202 in the assembly unit material of foaming body, hot-water line 202 is laid on this pipe arrangement groove 203 parts.The face that forms pipe arrangement groove 203 and lay a side of hot-water line 202 becomes when floor construction towards the floor etc. above the floor, attaches the fin 206,207 (with reference to figure 7 (b), (c)) that makes the heat uniformly dispersing on this.The material of fin uses the good metal formings such as aluminium foil of heat conduction usually.
With Fig. 7~Figure 10 the method for folding of hot water mat 200 is illustrated.Based on Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 the layout of assembly unit plate is described before this.The assembly unit plate constitutes by 6 altogether, assembly unit plate A, B be positioned at central authorities about, assembly unit plate C, D be positioned at its left side; Assembly unit plate E, F are positioned at the right side.And, in described assembly unit plate A~F, attach 1 fin 207 on the assembly unit plate C below being positioned at, A, the E; Also attach 1 fin 206 on assembly unit plate D above being positioned at, B, the F; By fin 206,207 the assembly unit plate is separated up and down.Then, up and down between the assembly unit plate between CAE and the DBF, shown in Fig. 7 (c), the gap W of the assembly unit plate thicknesss of slab more than forming about at least 2.To describe also can carry out the folding example of mountain peak shape even without this gap W according to Figure 17~Figure 22 below.
Connect by hot-water line 202 as shown in Figure 6 between central assembly unit plate A, the B of assembly unit plate up and down; Connect by fin 207 between the assembly unit plate A of central authorities, B and left and right sides assembly unit plate C, D and E, the F.
In the assembly unit plate of arranging like this, assembly unit plate C, the D in left side and assembly unit plate E, the F on right side can overlap on central assembly unit plate A, B so that the mode that fin 206,207 is folded into the mountain valley shape is folding.In Fig. 7, Fig. 8, Y longitudinally
1-Y
1', Y
2-Y
2' be mountain valley shape fold line, X-X ' is horizontal mountain peak shape fold line; Fig. 6, Fig. 7 are the figure of the state of expansion hot water mat 200, towards the face on ground such as floor, are pasted with fin 206,207 as mentioned above on one side during above for construction.Hot water mat 200 is opened the assembly unit plate by assembly unit plate A~F6 and is formed, and these all are connected with adjacent assembly unit plate with folding state.
In the 1st folding step, serve as inboard folding part Y with Fig. 6, Fig. 7 by the face that appears with fin 206,207
1-Y
1' be folded into the mountain valley shape and be folded on assembly unit plate A, the B.Fig. 8 represents the global shape of the hot water assembly unit material 200 after the 1st step; After assembly unit plate C and D are folding, above the foaming body of fin 206,207 dorsal parts one side and rod 202 are emerging in.
In the 2nd folding step, serve as inboard with Fig. 6,7 folding part Y by appear face with fin 206,207
2-Y
2' be folded into the mountain valley shape and be folded on assembly unit plate C, the D.Fig. 9 represents the global shape of the hot water assembly unit material D after the 2nd step; After assembly unit plate E, F are folding, be assembly unit plate C, the state above the D of coinciding with, above the foaming body of fin 206,207 dorsal parts one side and rod 202 are emerging in.In addition, in this stage, the face of fin 206,207 1 sides no longer appears, the danger of fin 206,207 breakages in the time of can avoiding carrying thus.In addition, the face of fin 206,207 1 sides is hidden in the inboard, so at folding part Y
1-Y
1', Y
2-Y
2', hot-water line 205 also no longer exposes, and therefore in the embodiment that is converted into 3 foldings, the folding of this stage comes to an end.
In addition, when being converted into 3 foldings, the rod of each assembly unit plate is as Fig. 8~Figure 10 expresses, and the load-carrying that sets in overlapped position is born by the big rod of intensity, manages to alleviate the suffered load-carrying of assembly unit plate.
In the 3rd folding step, serving as the outside with the face of fin 206,207 1 sides is folded into the mountain peak shape with the folding part X-X ' of Fig. 6.That is, above among Fig. 9 by above the assembly unit plate E side of side is retained at the moment, be that the bottom surface is in the dorsal part doubling with the assembly unit plate F side that is positioned at the opposite.Figure 10 represents the shape of the hot water mat 200 after the 3rd step; Compactly hot water mat 200 is folded into roughly 1 size that the assembly unit plate is big, assembly unit plate E's is not above the dorsal part of fin 207 1 sides is emerging in, assembly unit plate F's is not that the dorsal part of fin 206 1 sides is emerging in the bottom surface, so hot-water line 202 no longer exposes, with this state carrying, can avoid fin to cause damaged danger because of collision.
Like this, with hot water mat 200 under the situation of dorsal part doubling, be the mountain peak shape between assembly unit plate A, the B, so whether between assembly unit plate A, B, form the described gap W of Fig. 7 (c), just need to consider the mountain peak shape folding method illustrated according to Figure 17~Figure 22.
Sectional view when Figure 11~Figure 14 is folded heat water cushion 200, corresponding diagram 7~state shown in Figure 10 respectively.Figure 11 is the sectional view of hot water mat 200 deployed conditions, is arranged at alternately on assembly unit plate C, A, the E (assembly unit plate D, B, F are too) by the rod 201 that becomes the support of top and bottom after pipe arrangement groove that foaming body constituted 203 that is equipped with hot-water line 202 and the construction.
In the 1st folding step, serve as inboard with folding part Y with the face that appears of fin 206,207
1-Y
1' be folded into the mountain valley shape.Figure 12 represents the shape of the hot water mat 200 after the 1st step; Make the length (width) of assembly unit plate C, D be shorter than assembly unit plate A, folding part Y is set B
1-Y
1'.That is, being positioned at assembly unit plate C, D distolateral assembly unit plate A, E does not arrive assembly unit plate A, C and is overlapped on the assembly unit plate A distolaterally.The side surface part of assembly unit plate C preferably is positioned at the part that the rod 201 with assembly unit plate A, E joins, and perhaps is positioned on the rod 201, perhaps is arranged in assembly unit plate A, E and crosses on the position of rod 201.
In the 2nd folding step, serve as inboard with folding part Y with the face that appears of fin 206,207
2-Y
2' be folded into the mountain valley shape.Figure 13 represents the shape of the hot water mat 200 after the 2nd step; Make the length (width) of assembly unit plate E that folding part Y is set with being shorter than assembly unit plate A
1-Y
1'.But C is different with the assembly unit plate, is not to be shorter than assembly unit plate A.
Preferably provide the length of assembly unit plate C and the length of assembly unit plate A as described in Figure 12 like that, its reason describes with Figure 15.Figure 15 is the enlarged drawing of right flank one side when being folded to for the 2nd step as shown in Figure 13.Herein, if assembly unit plate C is arranged on the assembly unit plate A, then the thickness of assembly unit plate C becomes obstacle, can't fold assembly unit plate E.Therefore the end of assembly unit plate C need be arranged at the position of the end near assembly unit plate A within reason, but ensuing problem is can produce space part 208 because the length of assembly unit plate C and assembly unit plate A is different.
Bending slightly can appear on the top assembly unit plate E owing to forming this space part 208, being positioned at.If the assembly unit plate A that is made of foaming body bears the pressure that is produced by this bending, pressure may cause the foaming body fracture.Therefore, preferably by the end of assembly unit plate C being made rod 201 is crossed in the end that extends to part that assembly unit plate E contacts with rod 201 or assembly unit plate and with the overlapping part of rod 201 on structure, under the effect in the space of assembly unit plate F and rod 201 contact portions, absorb bending force at this part place, thereby make it can not act on assembly unit plate E.And rod 201 uses and is difficult to by materials that foaming body isolated such as laminates, so also the end of assembly unit plate C can be made the structure on the rod 201 that is positioned at assembly unit plate A side.
In addition, be not only the buckling problem of assembly unit plate E, the same buckling problem with above-mentioned assembly unit plate E owing to form space part 203 during the power of effect above-below direction on side surface part and produce pressure between the end face of assembly unit plate C, thereby might take place in assembly unit plate A in carrying.Therefore, the end that assembly unit plate A preferably also makes assembly unit plate C is positioned at the part that the rod 201 with assembly unit plate A joins or is positioned at structure with the rod 201 equitant parts of assembly unit plate A, thereby absorbs the bending of assembly unit plate A at rod 201 places.
In the 3rd folding step, serving as the outside with the face of fin 206,207 1 sides is folded into the mountain peak shape with the folding part X-X ' of Fig. 6.Figure 14 represents the shape of the hot water mat 200 after the 3rd step; Above assembly unit plate E was positioned at, assembly unit plate F was positioned at the bottom surface.Like this, the same when being converted into 3 foldings even under the situation that is converted into 6 foldings with Figure 15 is described, the different problems that produce space part 208,209 of length with assembly unit plate A and E, assembly unit plate D and assembly unit plate B and F because of assembly unit plate C can appear.
Figure 16 is the enlarged drawing of right flank one side when being folded to for the 3rd step as shown in Figure 14.Because assembly unit plate C and D need be arranged at the position near assembly unit plate E, A and B, F end within reason, so space part 208,209 occurs at two places up and down respectively.
Be used for avoiding the structure of bending of the assembly unit plate E, the B that cause by space part 208 described identical with Figure 15.The space part 209 of downside is preferably made the structure after space part 208 upsets.Promptly, preferably the end of assembly unit plate D is made the part that the rod 201 of the end that is positioned at assembly unit plate D and assembly unit plate B joins or be positioned at assembly unit plate A and part that rod 201 joins on structure, at assembly unit plate A and assembly unit plate B and rod 201 joining parts space part 209 is set.Also can be that the end of assembly unit plate D coincides with the structure on the rod 201.
In addition, also can be positioned at by the end that makes assembly unit plate D with the rod 201 of assembly unit plate B or F whole above or the position that joins below, the part formation gap in that assembly unit plate A and B contact with rod 201 absorbs stress herein.
More than for hot water mat being converted into for the first time 3 preferred embodiments of rolling over and then position under the situation of its doubling and rod 201 being concerned as the inboard.But when doubling, becoming so-called mountain valley shape between assembly unit plate C and D and E and the F, is the mountain peak shape in the outside and become hot-water line 202 between assembly unit plate A and the B, so need to apply the mountain peak shape method for folding of load for this hot-water line 202.
As the folding example of this mountain peak shape, there is the embodiment of described Fig. 7 (c), next the embodiment of other embodiments is described according to Figure 17~Figure 22.
In this embodiment, not merely tilted configuration is crossed over the hot-water line 202 of assembly unit plate B from assembly unit plate A, form notch 210 (I) respectively at the close assembly unit plate A of this pipe arrangement groove 203 and intersection one side of B, and then, be with the stage portion 211 of hanging down fillet 212 in the dorsal part formation of this pipe arrangement groove 203 and the crossing angle of assembly unit plate A and B bigger a side, assembly unit plate A and B.
This embodiment is represented by Figure 17, is represented by Figure 18 along the section that A-A ' line is done; Figure 19 represents the state at the back side of Figure 17; Figure 20 represents stage portion 211, and Figure 21,22 represents hot-water line 202 and case of bending under the shape states of mountain peak, helps the slick and sly crooked state of accommodating of hot-water line 202 in described notch 210, the stage portion 211 and the state that hot-water line 202 is not emerging in the end of assembly unit plate A, B.
By such mountain peak shape method for folding, can crooked easily hot-water line 202, under the effect of notch 210, stage portion 211, the arc-shaped bend portion that can prevent hot-water line 202 appears from the end of assembly unit plate A, B, consequently, can prevent hot-water line buckling, damaging conscientiously in shape folding part, mountain peak.