CN101030664A - Directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicle - Google Patents
Directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101030664A CN101030664A CNA2006100385601A CN200610038560A CN101030664A CN 101030664 A CN101030664 A CN 101030664A CN A2006100385601 A CNA2006100385601 A CN A2006100385601A CN 200610038560 A CN200610038560 A CN 200610038560A CN 101030664 A CN101030664 A CN 101030664A
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- zinc
- electrode
- air
- battery
- air battery
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/70—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by fuel cells
- B60L50/72—Constructional details of fuel cells specially adapted for electric vehicles
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells
Abstract
The present invention relates to a zinc-air battery. The problems to be solved are that: the method comprises the steps of providing a charger capable of being charged directly from a power supply network; the zinc-air battery which can be directly charged for the electric vehicle and is in a standby working state is recovered. Is characterized in that: a net-shaped attached electrode is arranged between the air electrode and the zinc electrode, and the material of the attached electrode is inert material. The battery of the invention is changed into zinc oxide after being used, the zinc oxide is reduced into zinc by electrolysis and is reused, and meanwhile, the zinc-air battery does not use toxic heavy metal substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium and the like, thereby being beneficial to environmental protection. It has light weight, large capacity, low manufacturing cost and wide application.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a zinc-air battery.
Background
The research and development of the zinc air power battery is a fundamental revolution of automobile power, and is a direction of the automobile industry gradually developing towards energy conservation and environmental protection in the future. The international energy society predicts that fuel (zinc air, etc.) batteries are the fourth generation of power generation following water power, fire power, nuclear power, and can replace the power plant of internal combustion engines. The battery has the characteristics of safety, high efficiency, no pollution, wide application, no noise and the like, and becomes a development hotspot in the energy field of the world at present. The zinc-air battery developed by the company dreisbank ELECTROMOTIVE, usa has been tried on buses and trucks weighing 9 tons; the standard total weight of the MB410 type electric van of German Penz automobile company is 4000kg, a 150kwh zinc air battery is adopted, the electric van can cross Alps during trial use and continuously climb a slope for 150km, and the electric van can run for 425km after being charged once; the zinc air battery developed by the ELECTRIC FUEL (electrolytic FUEL) company Limited is mounted on an ELECTRIC postal vehicle with the load of 1000kg and the total weight of 3500kg for experiment, and the experimental result is as follows: the specific energy reaches 207wh/kg, the electric mail administration vehicle drives for 300km, the highest vehicle speed can reach 120km/h, the vehicle accelerates from rest to 80km/h for only 12 seconds, and the vehicle has good power performance.
However, only zinc air power fuel cells and zinc air power regenerative cells exist at present, and no secondary zinc air cells capable of being directly charged exist in the world. The zinc air power fuel cell adopts electrolyte circulation technology or zinc paste injection technology, so that a fuel tank connected with the cell is replaced, and then the cell continues to work. The mechanically rechargeable battery is a new zinc-air battery formed by taking out zinc paste, i.e., a zinc electrode (cathode), after the electric energy of the battery is used up, electrolyzing and reducing zinc oxide (ZnO) into zinc, and then charging the zinc into the battery for reuse. Both of the fuel cell and the mechanically rechargeable battery are substantially disposable batteries, and these batteries are troublesome to produce repeatedly, expensive to manufacture, require replacement by a professional, and are unacceptable to users, and even if a point of sale replacement is provided, they are difficult to enter the market.
Since the sixty years of the last century, battery research workers have tried to recharge the battery by means of a reverse voltage method to reduce the active species of the zinc electrode back to zinc metal. However, this method causes some electrochemical reaction on the air electrode support, which destroys the redox action. Meanwhile, sponge-like and dendritic deposits are formed on the zinc electrode, which can cause short circuit between adjacent electrodes and make the battery unusable. It is difficult to achieve direct charging with this method.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the method comprises the steps of providing a charger capable of being charged directly from a power supply network; like a lead-acid storage battery, the zinc-air battery is connected to a power socket of … in offices, laboratories and families by using an upper charger, and can be charged for several hours and can recover the state of waiting for work of the directly chargeable zinc-air battery for the electric vehicle.
The specific structural design scheme is as follows:
the zinc-air battery which can be directly charged for the electric vehicle comprises a battery shell 3, a cover cap, a zinc electrode 5, an air electrode 6, an electrolyte 4 and an electrode lead 9; the battery shell 3 is box-shaped, the cover cap is positioned at the top of the battery shell, and both sides of the battery shell 3 are respectively provided with an air inlet 7 and an air outlet 2; air electrode 6 is box-shaped, is located battery case 3, and its open end is connected to the shroud, and it contains electrolyte 4, and zinc electrode 5 is located the electrolyte 4 in air electrode 6, its characterized in that:
a net-shaped attached electrode is arranged between the air electrode 6 and the zinc electrode 5, the attached electrode is connected with the inner side of the cover cap, and the attached electrode is made of inert materials.
The auxiliary electrode is a mesh frame corresponding to the air electrode 6 and is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cover cap, and the distance between the periphery of the auxiliary electrode and the air electrode is 0.8-1.5 cm.
The material of the attached electrode is stainless steel wire. The material of the attached electrode is high-strength plastic wire. The electrode is made of plastic steel wire.
The study of zinc-air cells generally refers to the study of the electrochemical process of the zinc electrode (cathode). The charge transfer in the cell produces zinc oxide or hydroxide, with the charge transfer products dissolved in the dielectric and the resulting zincate and hydroxide ions diffused in the dielectric. Thus, the zinc is redistributed over the electrode, causing deformation of the zinc electrode. During charging, the deposition of zinc causes zinc branches which can enter and penetrate the separator, causing short circuits between the plates and the cell to fail. To prevent zinc redistribution during the electrochemical process, an inert spacer (the "attach electrode") is added next to the air electrode to prevent zinc salts from diffusing through the medium and forming zinc nodules. Secondly, the polar plates are tightly assembled together, so that the opportunity of dissolving charge transfer products is reduced, and the diffusion of zincate ions is reduced; thirdly, low-current density charging is carried out, the charging time is prolonged, and the average current of the whole polar plate is controlled; the asymmetric alternating current or the pulse current is used, so that the current is reversed in some time in the charging process; the formation of dendritic deposits of zinc can be improved and prevented by this measure.
The invention sets net auxiliary electrode between air electrode and zinc electrode, namely, attaching electrode, the electrode is made of inert substance, it will not be oxidized basically in electrolyte, and it will not participate in reaction in discharging process; the positive electrode (air and its carrier) is merely made inactive as a counter electrode during charging, so that the air electrode is not destroyed.
The invention relates to a zinc-air battery which can be charged directly from a mains supply network. Compared with the lead-acid storage battery, the lithium battery, the zinc-manganese battery and the like which are widely used at present, the lithium-acid storage battery has the following beneficial technical effects:
1. the important application field of the zinc-air battery is used as a high-power supply, and due to the gradual shortage of gasoline and the serious pollution of automobile emission to urban environment, electric automobiles are vigorously developed in various countries, which is the field of the zinc-air battery with the most development prospect.
2. The weight is light: the weight of the 36V lead-acid storage battery for the existing power-assisted vehicle is 14 kg, while the weight of the zinc-air battery with the same specification is only about 7 kg.
3. The capacity is large: at present, the 36V lead-acid battery for the moped has the capacity of 10AH (ampere hour), the continuous driving distance is 30 kilometers, and the capacity of a zinc-air battery with the same specification is 40AH (ampere hour), and the continuous driving distance can reach 150 kilometers.
4. The manufacturing cost is low: the zinc-air battery has the advantages of simple manufacturing process, cheap and easily-obtained raw materials, low manufacturing cost and obvious price competitive advantage of products.
5. No environmental pollution: the main raw material of the zinc-air battery is metal zinc, the zinc oxide is changed after the battery is used up, the zinc oxide can be reduced into zinc through electrolysis and can be reused, and meanwhile, the zinc-air battery does not use toxic heavy metal substances such as lead, mercury, cadmium and the like, and cannot pollute the environment. According with the national industrial policy.
6. The application is wide: because the zinc-air battery has obvious performance advantage, the zinc-air battery can be manufactured into practical batteries with various types and specifications, and can gradually replace common neutral and alkaline dry batteries in many occasions, for example, when the capacity of the R20 type (No. 1 battery) zinc-air battery reaches 20 amperes, the continuous heavy current discharge time is 20 times of that of the common ammonium chloride type battery; used as a standby power supply to replace a heavy lead-acid storage battery.
7. Valuable natural resources are saved
The zinc-manganese dry battery widely used at present, namely the zinc-manganese lux Xie Dianchi which has existed for more than one hundred thirty years. The primary material used for the positive electrode of such batteries is manganese dioxide. Manganese dioxide is a precious mineral resource and is mainly used for metallurgy and medicine. The original dry cell uses natural (manganese dioxide) which has bad exploitation conditions and the natural manganese resource of China is exhausted. Alkaline zinc-manganese batteries are an improvement over neutral zinc-manganese batteries in that they replace natural manganese with electrolytic (manganese dioxide) manganese. The electrolytic manganese is to convert natural manganese dioxide into manganese sulfate and then electrolyze the manganese sulfate into tetravalent manganese dioxide, a large amount of electricity and water are needed for production, and at least 3000KWh is consumed for one ton of electrolytic manganese. The positive electrode of the zinc-air battery uses clean air to replace manganese dioxide, which not only thoroughly changes the harsh production environment of the original dry battery, but also greatly saves energy and precious natural resource-manganese.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention,
figure 2 is a top view of figure 1,
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an attached electrode.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1:
the directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicles includes a battery case 3, a cap, a zinc electrode 5, an air electrode 6, an electrolyte 4, and an electrode lead 9, see fig. 1, 2.
The battery shell 3 is in a square box shape, the cover cap is positioned at the top of the battery shell, two air inlet holes 7 and two air outlet holes 2 are respectively formed in two sides of the battery shell 3, the function of the battery shell is to introduce air into the battery and discharge waste gas after reaction out of the battery, and thus an air channel is formed. The air electrode 6 is also in the shape of a square box and is positioned in the battery shell 3, the open end of the air electrode is connected with a cover cap, the electrolyte 4 is contained in the air electrode, and the zinc electrode 5 is positioned in the electrolyte 4 in the air electrode 6.
The zinc electrode 5 is composed of zinc powder, thickener, isolating film, etc. and is mixed with electrolyte to form paste, which is made into zinc paste and coated on the carrier to become the cathode in electrochemical reaction in the cell.
The air electrode 6 is composed of nickel sheet, carbon powder and conductive liquid, and is coated on the carrier to form the air electrode, which becomes the anode in electrochemical reaction.
The gap 8 between the air electrode 6 and the zinc electrode 5 is provided with a fence net-shaped attached electrode 1, the attached electrode 1 is covered with the zinc electrode 5, the open end of the attached electrode 1 is connected with the inner side of the cover, and the distance between the periphery of the attached electrode and the air electrode is 0.8-1.5 cm. The additional electrode 1, the zinc electrode 5 and the electrolyte 4 form a space for an electrochemical reaction, where the redox reaction is completed. The material of the attached electrode is stainless steel wire. The function of the device is to shield and protect the air electrode, and the air electrode does not directly participate in electrochemical reaction. See fig. 3.
When the lead wire 9 is connected with an external circuit and air is introduced from the air inlet 7, the battery starts to discharge, and the chemical reaction formula which occurs between the discharge and the air inlet is as follows:
Zn+O2→ZnO
after the zinc-air battery finishes discharging, the discharging switch is disconnected, then the lead and the auxiliary electrode lead are connected, namely, the charging power supply is connected, oxidized zinc oxide in the battery is reduced into zinc again, and the charging power supply is disconnected after the charging operation is finished, so that the battery is in a standby working state.
Example 2:
the mesh-shaped attached electrode 1 can also be in a grid mesh shape or other mesh shapes. The material can also be high-strength plastic wire or plastic steel wire material.
The other structure is the same as that of embodiment 1.
Claims (5)
1. The zinc-air battery which can be directly charged for the electric vehicle comprises a battery shell 3, a cover cap, a zinc electrode 5, an air electrode 6, an electrolyte 4 and an electrode lead 9; the battery shell 3 is box-shaped, the cover is positioned at the top of the battery shell, and the two sides of the battery shell 3 are respectively provided with an air inlet hole 7 and an air outlet hole 2; air electrode 6 is the box-shaped, is located battery case 3, and its open end is connecting the shroud, contains electrolyte 4 in it, and zinc electrode 5 is arranged in air electrode 6 in the electrolyte 4, its characterized in that:
a mesh-shaped attached electrode is arranged between the air electrode 6 and the zinc electrode 5, the attached electrode is connected with the inner side of the cover cap, and the attached electrode is made of inert materials.
2. The directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode is a mesh frame corresponding to the air electrode 6 and is fixedly connected to the inner side of the cover, and the distance between the periphery of the auxiliary electrode and the air electrode is 0.8-1.5 cm.
3. The directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the attached electrode material is stainless steel wire.
4. The directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode material is plastic steel wire.
5. The directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicles according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the auxiliary electrode material is plastic wire.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100385601A CN101030664A (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | Directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicle |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100385601A CN101030664A (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | Directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicle |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101030664A true CN101030664A (en) | 2007-09-05 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNA2006100385601A Pending CN101030664A (en) | 2006-02-27 | 2006-02-27 | Directly chargeable zinc-air battery for electric vehicle |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101533935A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2009-09-16 | 黄穗阳 | A high-energy safe rechargeable lithium-oxygen battery |
| CN105633510A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-01 | 廖文煌 | Flow type zinc air fuel cell |
| CN105958091A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-21 | 深圳市科比特航空科技有限公司 | Waterproof breathable fuel cell device for unmanned aerial vehicle |
| TWI552425B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-10-01 | Wen-Huang Liao | Mobile zinc air fuel cell |
| WO2017186151A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | 清华大学 | Zinc-air battery having equivalent three-electrode structure |
| CN109103550A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-28 | Cnus技术公司 | A kind of power metal-air battery |
-
2006
- 2006-02-27 CN CNA2006100385601A patent/CN101030664A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101533935A (en) * | 2009-04-14 | 2009-09-16 | 黄穗阳 | A high-energy safe rechargeable lithium-oxygen battery |
| TWI552425B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2016-10-01 | Wen-Huang Liao | Mobile zinc air fuel cell |
| CN105633510A (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2016-06-01 | 廖文煌 | Flow type zinc air fuel cell |
| CN105633510B (en) * | 2014-12-01 | 2018-09-11 | 廖文煌 | Flow-type zinc/air fuel cell |
| WO2017186151A1 (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2017-11-02 | 清华大学 | Zinc-air battery having equivalent three-electrode structure |
| CN105958091A (en) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-21 | 深圳市科比特航空科技有限公司 | Waterproof breathable fuel cell device for unmanned aerial vehicle |
| CN109103550A (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2018-12-28 | Cnus技术公司 | A kind of power metal-air battery |
| CN109103550B (en) * | 2018-08-24 | 2022-02-18 | Cnus技术公司 | Power metal-air battery |
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