CN101007668A - Natural organic high-molecular flocculant and its preparation method - Google Patents
Natural organic high-molecular flocculant and its preparation method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101007668A CN101007668A CN 200710055247 CN200710055247A CN101007668A CN 101007668 A CN101007668 A CN 101007668A CN 200710055247 CN200710055247 CN 200710055247 CN 200710055247 A CN200710055247 A CN 200710055247A CN 101007668 A CN101007668 A CN 101007668A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- starch
- reaction
- mass ratio
- water
- temperature
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Images
Landscapes
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a making method of new-typed natural organic macromolecular flocculant, which comprises the following steps: adopting corn starch as main raw material and cerium sulfate as initiator; using the copolymer of ammonium chloride and acetic anhydride with weight rate at 2: 1-1: 2 as cation monomer modifier to react under 10-45 deg.c for 20-50min; setting the weight rate of corn starch and cation monomer at 10:1-1:1; setting the starch alkalizing temperature at 35-55 deg.c for 50-60 min; making the grafting modifying temperature at 30-60 deg.c for 60-120min.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to water-treatment technology field, be specifically related to a kind of natural organic high-molecular flocculant that is applied to the high-efficiency environment friendly green of water technology system, international Patent classificating number is: C02F1/56.
Background technology
Flocculation agent has a wide range of applications in water technology.Traditional flocculant---the consumption of simple aluminium salt, molysite flocculation agent such as Tai-Ace S 150, aluminum chloride, alum, iron(ic) chloride, ferric sulfate etc. reduces day by day, is progressively substituted by inorganic and organic polymer coargulator.And the pollution that inorganic flocculating agent, synthetic organic polymer coargulator cause to environment in production, use and subsequent disposal and the potential threat that human health constitutes obtained paying attention to day by day, the exploitation of natural organic high-molecular flocculant and using more and more receives publicity.
The application of natural organic high-molecular flocculant in water treatment has a long history, but its usage quantity is lower than the synthetic organic polymer coargulator, tracing it to its cause is that natural macromolecule flocculating agent electric density is less, and molecular weight is low, and easily biological degradation takes place and lose activity.Since the seventies, country such as American and Britain, method, day and India is in conjunction with national natural high molecular substance resource, pay attention to the development of chemical modification organic polymer coargulator, natural macromolecule flocculating agent after modification is compared with the synthetic organic polymer flocculation agent has following advantage: (1) raw material sources are extensive, cheap, production process is simple relatively; (2) raw material is mostly from plant, and nontoxic substantially, the product after the modification also is easy to biological degradation, does not cause secondary pollution; (3) the natural polymer subcategory is many, and the intramolecularly active group is many, and is alternative big, easily adopts different preparation methods to carry out modification as required, also can make multi-functional flocculation agent.At present, the kind of natural macromolecule modification flocculation agent mainly contains starch derivative, derivatived cellulose, modified plant gum, other polyose and protein-modified flocculation agent etc.In numerous natural modified polymeric flocculants, the development of Starch Modified Flocculant is particularly noticeable.
The source of starch is very abundant, and the occurring in nature contents of starch is the abundantest organic resource that the mankind can adopt considerably beyond other organism, also be develop the earliest, a maximum class natural macromolecule flocculating agent.Starch is carried out chemical modification, as esterification, etherificate, graft copolymerization etc., its active group is increased greatly, polymkeric substance is the cladodification structure, has disperseed the flocculation group, thereby particulate matter in the suspension system is had stronger seizure and short heavy effect.At present, treated starch has been widely used in Industrial Wastewater Treatment such as food, oil, papermaking, plating, printing and dyeing, leather, sludge dewatering, and drink water purifying, removal of heavy metal ions and mineral are smelted.The starch based modified flocculant mainly comprises the following aspects:
(1) starch graft copolymer class flocculation agent
The seventies is since the initial stage, and the graft copolymer of scholar's research has been arranged starch and acrylamide is used to contain the processing of kaolin muddy water, fine coal waste water etc.; The graft copolymer of graft copolymer, starch and the 2-hydroxy-3-methyl acryloxy oxidation oxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (HMAC) of monomer such as saponification polyacrylate grafting starch, acrylamide and vinylformic acid and starch etc. also obtains broad research and is used for various wastewater and former water clarification is handled.More than the existing multiple abroad commodity production of derivative of various starch sell, as the Wisprofloc of the Floc-Aid of the Budond of the Aerofloc of American Cyanamid Company, Buck man company, national starch chemical company and Starches613-45, Britain Yorkshire Dye company etc.Though above-mentioned starch based product is used to some extent, complexity, condition control requirement height, product price can not be in China's wide popularization and application than problems such as height production technique.
(2) starch xanthate class flocculation agent
With native starch adopt that acetylize is crosslinked, esterification and crosslinking or etherificate be crosslinked, carries out xanthation again and just can obtain insoluble cross-linking starch xanthate (ISX), is mainly used in the processing metallic wastewater.The U.S. just was that raw material is made the insoluble starch xanthate with starch as far back as 1975, and in beginning suitability for industrialized production in 1980.ISX can not only remove contents of many kinds of heavy metal ion, and can also be with Cr under acidic conditions
6+Be reduced to Cr
3+Insoluble starch sodium xanthonate magnesium can and precipitate with chromium, cobalt, manganese, nickel, zinc and other heavy metal ion generation title complex, and sodium, magnesium ion then enter in the water, therefore can use it for Industrial Wastewater Treatment, remove heavy metal ion.This series products is more restricted as the coagulating agent range of application.
(3) starch ethers flocculation agent
The hydroxyl of aminated compounds and starch molecule plays etherification reaction and generates the ether derivant with amino, have positive charge on its nitrogen-atoms, the ether derivant that obtains has the not available character of many ative starchs, and the trend of inhaling mutually with electronegative material is arranged, and is called cationic starch.Because most of subparticle and colloid all have negative charge in the wastewater treatment, carrying out cation-modified to starch is an important research direction.The research emphasis that the cationic modified starch flocculation agent is present especially.
Cationic modified starch comprises quaternary ammonium type, tertiary amine type, cross-linking type, dialdehyde and amphoteric etc.Cationic starch is good polymeric flocculant and anionite in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, thereby it can play electric charge neutralization and bridging action with particulate in the water and make particulate in the system take off surely, flocculate and help sedimentation and filter dehydration, organic or inorganic suspended matter that can the adsorption zone negative charge, as the earth that suspends, titanium dioxide, coal dust, carbon, iron sand etc., can remove chromic salt in the waste water, dichromate, yellow prussiate of soda, molybdate, permanganate, anion surfactant etc. effectively.But starch ethers flocculation agent production cost than higher, product price is somewhat expensive.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to provide that a kind of technology is simple, working method is simple, it is dangerous not have, and realizability is strong, new type natural organic polymer coargulator of cheap, applied range and preparation method thereof.
The hydroxyl of aminated compounds and starch molecule plays etherification reaction and generates the ether derivant with amino, have positive charge on its nitrogen-atoms, the ether derivant that obtains has the not available character of many ative starchs, and the trend of inhaling mutually with electronegative material is arranged, and is called cationic starch.Because most of subparticle and colloid all have negative charge in the wastewater treatment, carrying out cation-modified to starch is an important research direction.The research emphasis that the cationic modified starch flocculation agent is present especially.
Cationic modified starch comprises quaternary ammonium type, tertiary amine type, cross-linking type, dialdehyde and amphoteric etc.Cationic starch is good polymeric flocculant and anionite in Industrial Wastewater Treatment, thereby it can play electric charge neutralization and bridging action with particulate in the water and make particulate in the system take off surely, flocculate and help sedimentation and filter dehydration, organic or inorganic suspended matter that can the adsorption zone negative charge, as the earth that suspends, titanium dioxide, coal dust, carbon, iron sand etc., can remove chromic salt in the waste water, dichromate, yellow prussiate of soda, molybdate, permanganate, anion surfactant etc. effectively.
Target of the present invention can realize in the following manner:
The present invention is main raw material with the W-Gum, adopts cerous sulfate to make initiator, is that cationic monomer carries out modification and makes with ammonium chloride and acetic anhydride multipolymer; Wherein the weight part of each raw material is; Ammonium chloride 5-50 part, acetic anhydride 10-90 part, sodium hydroxide 2-5 part, 100 parts of starch (crossing 80 orders), cerous sulfate 2-5 part, water 700-900 part; Described water is for purifying waste water, i.e. tap water, perhaps distilled water.
Its preparation method is:
1. be that 2: 1～1: 2 ratio is put into container with ammonium chloride and acetic anhydride in the consumption mol ratio, add distilled water, make that solute concentration is 200～400g/L in the reaction soln, closed container, in temperature of reaction is 10～45 ℃ of following constant speed stirring reaction 20～50min, promptly obtains colourless low heavy-gravity cationic monomer;
2. starch is poured in the container, added distilled water and be configured to suspension liquid, starch and NaOH mass ratio are 15: 1～30: 1, in aforesaid suspension liquid, pour NaOH solution into, making starch and NaOH mass ratio is 15: 1～30: 1, and alkalization temperature is 35～55 ℃, and alkalization time is 50～60min;
3. will add the initiator cerous sulfate in the starch of step pre-gelatinization 2., the mass ratio of initiator cerous sulfate and starch is 1: 5000～4: 5000; After stirring and activating, the cationic monomer that 1. the adding step makes carries out the graft modification reaction under 30～60 ℃ of temperature, and starch and cationic monomer mass ratio are 10: 1～1: 1, promptly get the cationic modified starch flocculation agent behind isothermal reaction 60～120min.
Sign to the flocculating agent molecule structure:
1, Infrared spectroscopy chemical structure (flocculation agent of embodiment 1)
With after the modified starch flocculant vacuum-drying of new system with after dry good KBr (the above rank of analytical pure) mixes in advance, in agate stone roller body, mill evenly, compressing tablet sample preparation then, analyze with the infrared chromatography instrument then, same program is carried out the infrared analysis of starch and alkalization starch, record 496～4500cm
-1Infrared absorpting light spectra in the scope.
In general, infrared spectra can be divided into two portions, and 4000～1300cm-1 partly is that more part appears in functional group's charateristic avsorption band, cries the functional group district, the vibration of characteristic group in the main reflection in this district molecule, and the evaluation work of group is mainly in this zone.
Can be divided into three wave bands in the functional group district:
1. 4000～2500cm
-1The district is X-H stretching vibration district.The explanation of this regional absorption peak has the functional group of hydrogen atoms to exist, as O-H ,-COOH etc.;
2. 2500～1900cm
-1The district is triple bond and cumulative double bond district;
3. 2000～1330cm
-1The district is two key stretching vibrations district.The stretching vibration bands of a spectrum of double bond containing compound such as C=O, C=N, N=O are positioned at this peak district, utilize the absorption in this peak district, and the type that the existence of judging two keys is reached two keys is very useful, and the flexural vibration of N-H also are positioned at this peak district in addition.
Fig. 1 to Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrum before and after the cationic modified starch, compares our some obvious variation as can be seen by analyzing: in Fig. 1, and 3300cm
-1The place is the absorption peak of association hydroxyl, 2920cm
-1The place is the stretching vibration absorption peak of saturated c h bond, 1650cm
-1The place is the stretching vibration absorption peak of C=O, 1520cm
-1The place is the stretching vibration absorption peak of oxygen heterocyclic ring, 1240cm
-1The place is C-O stretching vibration absorption peak, 1020cm
-1The place is the stretching vibration absorption peak of C-O-C, through the German system diagnosis of fingerprint base, can be estimated as W-Gum.Fig. 2 is the starch after alkalizing, and we can see 3300cm
-1, 1520cm
-1The absorption vibration peak at place disappears, and can be understood as owing to alkalize, and a large amount of oxygen heterocyclic ring is opened and reacts more complete.1370cm in Fig. 3
-1The place is can effectively confirm cationic existence by the stretching vibration absorption peak of C-N, and 1030cm
-1The place is the stretching vibration absorption peak of C-O-C, can aid illustration cation-modified react validity.
2, scanning electron microscope (SEM) is observed to be situated between and is seen appearance structure
The distribution situation of scanning electron microscopic observation specimen surface structure and each phase particle will be used after the sample vacuum-drying.
Mesoscopic structure and morphology analysis:
Fig. 4-1 and Fig. 4 the-the 2nd, and the SEM figure of starch can clearly be seen that from figure starch is similar spherical particle, and its state of aggregation is intensive packing structure; But the particle of spheroidal has the structure of obvious similar cell walls, and tangible gap is arranged between the particle.Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5 the-the 2nd, schemes in the starch SEM that 45 ℃ of gelatinization 60min final vacuum dryings obtain with 1.5%NaOH solution, the structure that can be clear that original similar cell walls the alkalization starch copolymer on scheming disappears, the internal clearance is very big, the structure of similar grotto, this is owing to starch generation gelatinization causes.Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 is the SEM figure of modified starch flocculant MDB, can find out obviously that product is embedding state closely, the internal clearance significantly reduces, tangible landfill phenomenon is arranged, combine many monomer D side chains near can be understood as the pre-gelatinized starch skeleton, form the structure that interpenetrates between flexible composition and the rigid backbone, also this just tight embedding structure of tempering toughness with gentleness is given its excellent performance.
Test-results of the present invention is:
Compare with the flocculating effect of beaker stirring test to bodied ferric sulfate, aluminium chlorohydroxide and modified cationic starch flocculation agent, former water is the suspension liquid of diatomite and tap water preparation, and the turbidity of stable back suspension liquid is about 100NTU.The 200r/min rotating speed stirred 30s soon after flocculation agent added former water, and the 50r/min rotating speed stirs 10min slowly, staticly settles 20min.
The settled water turbidity of aluminium chlorohydroxide and bodied ferric sulfate is respectively 1.9 and 2.1NTU when flocculation agent throwing amount is 5mg/L, and when dosage was 10mg/L, settled water turbidity can reach 1.3NTU.The modified cationic starch flocculant dosage is that the settled water turbidity of 5mg/L can reach 0.9NTU.It is relative with PFS and dosage less that The above results shows that the MDB treatment effect is better than PAC.
The present invention has the natural high molecular substance abundant raw material of flocculation function, cheap, particularly outstanding is its safety non-toxic, can complete biodegradable, have good " environmental acceptability ", and it is wide to have molecular weight distribution, and the active group blob is many, characteristics such as structure variation, can be made into the good flocculation agent of proterties by chemical modification, have preparation condition and be easy to get, working method is simple, nothing is dangerous, the positively effect that realizability is strong.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the ative starch infrared spectrogram;
Fig. 2 is the pasted starch infrared spectrogram;
Fig. 3 is the infrared spectrogram of treated starch;
Fig. 4-1 and Fig. 4 the-the 2nd, the SEM figure of starch;
Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5 the-the 2nd, schemes in the starch SEM that 45 ℃ of gelatinization 60min final vacuum dryings obtain with 1.5%NaOH solution;
Fig. 6-1 and Fig. 6-2 is the SEM figure of modified starch flocculant MDB.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
(1) take by weighing 127.2 gram ammonium chlorides, 230.6 milliliters of acetic anhydride and place container, add water to 2.8 liters, container is airtight, stirred 30 minutes under the room temperature, make cationic monomer;
(2) take by weighing 284 gram starch in container, add 2 liters of stirrings of water; Take by weighing 7 gram NaOH and place above-mentioned suspension liquid, add water to 2.8 liters, be heated to 45 ℃, stir 70min, make treated starch;
(3) add 11.48 gram cerous sulfates in treated starch and stirred 45 seconds, add cationic monomer, temperature is reduced to 40 ℃ and was stirred 100 minutes, promptly gets 5 liters of described cationic modified starch flocculation agents.
When handling the higher backwashing wastewater of silt content, when the throwing amount was 10mg/l, the supernatant liquor turbidity can reach below the 5NTU by the flocculation agent of above embodiment preparation, and the surplus sludge volume volume is less than 5%.And the conventional aluminium chlorohydroxide that uses is in the throwing amount during as 20mg/l, and the supernatant liquor turbidity can reach 10NTU, but the sludge quantity volume is higher than 10%.
Embodiment 2:
(1) take by weighing 1909 gram ammonium chlorides, 3406 milliliters of acetic anhydride and place container, add water to 56.8 liters, container is airtight, stirred 35 minutes under the room temperature, make cationic monomer;
(2) take by weighing 5682 gram starch in container, add 50 liters of stirrings of water; Take by weighing 140 gram NaOH and place above-mentioned suspension liquid, add water to 56.8 liters, be heated to 50 ℃, stir 70min, make treated starch;
(3) add 229.5 gram cerous sulfates in treated starch and stirred 60 seconds, add cationic monomer, temperature is reduced to 45 ℃ and was stirred 120 minutes, promptly gets 100 liters of described cationic modified starch flocculation agents.
The alumen ustum of observing generation by the flocculation agent of above embodiment preparation in the flocculating experiment at sanitary sewage is bigger, and the sewage quality after the processing is limpid.When dosage during in the 10mg/L left and right sides, the clearance of colourity and COD reaches 91% and 82% respectively, shows that this flocculation agent has good flocculating effect to sanitary sewage.Not obvious with the floc test that the 20mg/L polymerize aluminum chloride carries out to this wastewater treatment efficiency.
Claims (2)
1. new type natural organic polymer coargulator, wherein the weight part of each raw material is: ammonium chloride 5-50 part, acetic anhydride 10-90 part, sodium hydroxide 2-5 part, 100 parts of starch, cerous sulfate 2-5 part, water 700-900 part.
2. the preparation method of a new type natural organic polymer coargulator is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
1. be that 2: 1～1: 2 ratio is put into container with ammonium chloride and acetic anhydride in the consumption mol ratio, add distilled water, make that solute concentration is 200～400g/L in the reaction soln, closed container, in temperature of reaction is 10～45 ℃ of following constant speed stirring reaction 20～50min, promptly obtains colourless low heavy-gravity cationic monomer;
2. starch is poured in the container, added distilled water and be configured to suspension liquid, starch and NaOH mass ratio are 15: 1～30: 1, in aforesaid suspension liquid, pour NaOH solution into, making starch and NaOH mass ratio is 15: 1～30: 1, and alkalization temperature is 35～55 ℃, and alkalization time is 50～60min;
3. will add the initiator cerous sulfate in the starch of step pre-gelatinization 2., the mass ratio of initiator cerous sulfate and starch is 1: 5000～4: 5000; After stirring and activating, the cationic monomer that 1. the adding step makes carries out the graft modification reaction under 30～60 ℃ of temperature, and starch and cationic monomer mass ratio are 10: 1～1: 1, promptly get the cationic modified starch flocculation agent behind isothermal reaction 60～120min.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710055247 CN101007668A (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2007-01-19 | Natural organic high-molecular flocculant and its preparation method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710055247 CN101007668A (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2007-01-19 | Natural organic high-molecular flocculant and its preparation method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101007668A true CN101007668A (en) | 2007-08-01 |
Family
ID=38696375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 200710055247 Pending CN101007668A (en) | 2007-01-19 | 2007-01-19 | Natural organic high-molecular flocculant and its preparation method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101007668A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102250293A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-11-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of acrylamide modified grafted corn cob |
| CN102730811A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 中粮生物化学（安徽）股份有限公司 | Composite flocculating agent and method for processing maize soaking water |
| CN103601811A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-26 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Method for causticizing corn starch |
| CN109052593A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-21 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Preparation method of composite flocculation agent and products thereof and application |
| CN115092998A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-23 | 庆阳新庄煤业有限公司新庄煤矿 | Salt-reducing ash-reducing coal dust-removing flocculating agent for return air main roadway water collecting tank |
-
2007
- 2007-01-19 CN CN 200710055247 patent/CN101007668A/en active Pending
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102250293A (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2011-11-23 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of acrylamide modified grafted corn cob |
| CN102250293B (en) * | 2011-05-25 | 2012-08-15 | 重庆工商大学 | Preparation method and application of acrylamide modified grafted corn cob |
| CN102730811A (en) * | 2012-07-19 | 2012-10-17 | 中粮生物化学（安徽）股份有限公司 | Composite flocculating agent and method for processing maize soaking water |
| CN103601811A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2014-02-26 | 鞍钢集团矿业公司 | Method for causticizing corn starch |
| CN109052593A (en) * | 2018-07-09 | 2018-12-21 | 上海纳米技术及应用国家工程研究中心有限公司 | Preparation method of composite flocculation agent and products thereof and application |
| CN115092998A (en) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-09-23 | 庆阳新庄煤业有限公司新庄煤矿 | Salt-reducing ash-reducing coal dust-removing flocculating agent for return air main roadway water collecting tank |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Wei et al. | Sludge dewaterability of a starch-based flocculant and its combined usage with ferric chloride | |
| El-Gaayda et al. | Natural flocculants for the treatment of wastewaters containing dyes or heavy metals: A state-of-the-art review | |
| Wei et al. | Coagulation/flocculation in dewatering of sludge: A review | |
| Zhang et al. | Improvement of wastewater sludge dewatering performance using titanium salt coagulants (TSCs) in combination with magnetic nano-particles: Significance of titanium speciation | |
| Sanghi et al. | Use of Cassia javahikai seed gum and gum-g-polyacrylamide as coagulant aid for the decolorization of textile dye solutions | |
| Lee et al. | A review on application of flocculants in wastewater treatment | |
| Yang et al. | Flocculation-dewatering behavior of waste activated sludge particles under chemical conditioning with inorganic polymer flocculant: Effects of typical sludge properties | |
| Wang et al. | Synthesis, characterization and application of a novel starch-based flocculant with high flocculation and dewatering properties | |
| Guo et al. | Evaluation of molecular weight, chain architectures and charge densities of various lignin-based flocculants for dye wastewater treatment | |
| Chen et al. | Effect of acid and surfactant treatment on activated sludge dewatering and settling | |
| Rong et al. | Characterization of size, strength and structure of aluminum-polymer dual-coagulant flocs under different pH and hydraulic conditions | |
| Suopajärvi et al. | Cationic nanocelluloses in dewatering of municipal activated sludge | |
| You et al. | Preparation and flocculation properties of cationic starch/chitosan crosslinking-copolymer | |
| Guo et al. | Characterization and performance of a novel lignin-based flocculant for the treatment of dye wastewater | |
| Wang et al. | Investigating coagulation behavior of chitosan with different Al species dual-coagulants in dye wastewater treatment | |
| Xun et al. | Synthesis of a starch–acrylic acid–chitosan copolymer as flocculant for dye removal | |
| Zhang et al. | Impact of molecular structure and charge property of chitosan based polymers on flocculation conditioning of advanced anaerobically digested sludge for dewaterability improvement | |
| Xu et al. | Effect of extracellular polymer substances on the tetracycline removal during coagulation process | |
| Guo et al. | Synthesis of polyaluminium chloride/papermaking sludge-based organic polymer composites for removal of disperse yellow and reactive blue by flocculation | |
| Grenda et al. | Environmentally friendly cellulose-based polyelectrolytes in wastewater treatment | |
| Zhang et al. | Effects of alkalinity on interaction between EPS and hydroxy-aluminum with different speciation in wastewater sludge conditioning with aluminum based inorganic polymer flocculant | |
| Abdo et al. | Cationic starch and polyaluminum chloride as coagulants for River Nile water treatment | |
| CN1654348A (en) | Composite flocculating agent for printing and dyeing waste water treatment | |
| Ferasat et al. | Natural polymer matrix as safe flocculant to remove turbidity from kaolin suspension: Performance and governing mechanism | |
| CN101691252B (en) | Method for preparing double-acid ferro-aluminum flocculating agent |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C12 | Rejection of a patent application after its publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Open date: 20070801 |