CN101006539B - Large power switch - Google Patents
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- CN101006539B CN101006539B CN2005800286135A CN200580028613A CN101006539B CN 101006539 B CN101006539 B CN 101006539B CN 2005800286135 A CN2005800286135 A CN 2005800286135A CN 200580028613 A CN200580028613 A CN 200580028613A CN 101006539 B CN101006539 B CN 101006539B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/7015—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts
- H01H33/7023—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle
- H01H33/703—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid characterised by flow directing elements associated with contacts characterised by an insulating tubular gas flow enhancing nozzle having special gas flow directing elements, e.g. grooves, extensions
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- Circuit Breakers (AREA)
Abstract
A heavy-duty circuit breaker can be filled with a quenching gas and comprises a first (1) and a second arcing contact piece (2) and a heating chamber (11) for temporarily storing quenching gas heated by an arc (4). An insulating nozzle (5) is provided with a throat (6) in order to direct a quenching gas flow (s3) along an axis (A). An expanded zone (21) adjoins said throat (6) which is provided with a cross-sectional area F that extends perpendicular to the axis (A) in the vicinity of the expanded zone (21). A distance d between the throat (6) and the second arcing contact piece (2), which is measured along the axis (A), lies within a specific range at least as long as the quenching gas (s3, s4) can at least locally flow at sonic or supersonic speed in the course of a switching-off process once the contact has been separated during a quenching phase in which quenching gas is able to flow (s3) through the throat (6) in the direction (z2) of the second arcing contact piece (2), at least when the quenching gas can at least locally flow (s3, s4) at sonic or supersonic speed. Said range is given by the fact that the cross-sectional area available for penetration by the quenching gas flow (s3) in the expanded zone (21) corresponds at least to the area F, especially at least 1.5 times the area F, while the minimum quenching gas density prevailing in the throat (6) or between the throat (6) and the second contact piece (2) is greater than the minimum quenching gas density prevailing in or next to the second contact piece (2).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of high-voltage switch gear technology.The present invention relates to a kind of like independent claims high power switch as described in the preamble and the method that is used to break off this high power switch.
Background technology
Nearly ten years with the known this high power switch of cause prior art.They have two arc contacts and are full of with arc extinguishing gases.After contact separation, electric arc possibly burn between contact.Being provided with a heating chamber is used for keeping in for the arc extinguishing gases that heats through electric arc.A kind of insulation nozzle has narrow positions in order to guide one arc extinguishing gases stream, and it is connected with heating chamber.To make arc extinction through arc extinguishing gases stream.Such switch can advantageously perhaps be made up of the compound buffer switch-switch-composition of calming the anger certainly by buffer switch (displacer formula switch) or by the switch of calming the anger certainly (Selbst-blasschalter).
In order to connect reliably, do not allow when so-called recovery voltage vibrates, to provide backfire, this voltage directly produces high voltage peak in the connection process after current over-zero.Especially for the short-circuit of terminals (T100a), be difficult to avoid this backfire reliably, and be difficult to guarantee extinguish arcs reliably with reference to IEC-Norm 62271-100.Expectation correspondingly improves switching characteristic.
Summary of the invention
Therefore the objective of the invention is, the method that realizes a kind of high power switch and be used to break off the high power switch of above-mentioned form, they have a kind of switching characteristic of improvement.The backfire that especially can prevent to receive recovery voltage to produce reliably to threaten, especially for the short-circuit of terminals (T100a), and guarantee extinguish arcs reliably.
This purpose is achieved through the apparatus and method with independent claims characteristic.
Can pass through arc extinguishing gases (SF for example according to high power switch of the present invention
6, N
2, air or its gaseous mixture) be full of, and have first arc contact and second arc contact.After contact separated, a kind of electric arc possibly burn between these two arc contacts.Through the arc extinguishing gases that electric arc heated, this high power switch has a heating chamber for temporary.One insulation nozzle has the narrow positions that is connected with heating chamber in order to make arc extinguishing gases stream along the axis guiding.On this narrow positions, connecting an expansion position.
Characteristic according to high power switch of the present invention is, one parallels to the axis measure, under special connection situation, be positioned at a kind of distance inside at interval during the time interval critical for possible backfire at least at least apart from d between narrow positions and second arc contact.The advantage that realizes thus is, make by this way since only the starting of oscillation voltage of lasting hundreds of microsecond (instantaneous recovery voltage, transient recovery voltage, TRV) or since the possibility of the backfire that recovery voltage produced greatly reduce.This point realizes thus: through select according to the present invention said along connect the highway section, promptly between these two contacts apart from d; In special field loading zone, but a kind of higher relatively arc extinguishing gases density of realization in narrow positions and between narrow positions and second contact at least and realizes a kind of higher relatively compressive resistance thus.
A kind of high power switch of essential design like this, it can connect different connection situation reliably, for example apart from short circuit (" short-line fault ", L90) and the short-circuit of terminals (T100a).Storage is used to define being described in detail of different connection situation in IEC-Norm 62271-100.For apart from short circuit,, heat generally needs higher arc quenching gas pressure when extinguishing.This point causes this situation mostly: under the situation of the short-circuit of terminals (T100a), have many like this arc quenching gas pressures, make to exist supersonic speed to flow.General shock wave (shock waves) and the corresponding ripple figure of producing when supersonic speed flows, they produce in the expansion position.This causes, and existence has the relatively low arc extinguishing gases density zone of (with corresponding small arc quenching gas pressure) in the expansion position.Produce pressure (with corresponding density) at this, they can be lower than the arc extinguishing gases that under normal condition, in switch, exists significantly and be full of pressure (background pressure).
Can locate second contact like this according to the present invention, make the zone of minimum arc extinguishing gases density not produce, but produce in the second contact side along connecting the highway section.Must make for this reason contact relatively near narrow positions position, the place of (and therefore the most significant) the density minimum value that for example is positioned at first basically is if second contact (ad infinitum) is away from narrow positions (perhaps not having second contact).Through make second contact be fit to the location according to the present invention; Change the through-flow characteristic in the expansion position like this, make in second contact or the minimum value of the arc extinguishing gases density that the next door produced less than minimum value in narrow positions or the arc extinguishing gases density that between the narrow positions and second contact, produced.Therefore realize higher relatively arc extinguishing gases density along connecting the highway section, and realize higher relatively compressive resistance thus.Can prevent backfire effectively thus.
But can not select too for a short time apart from d, because otherwise will produce too strong obstruction arc extinguishing gases and flow, make arc quenching gas pressure in heating chamber, can not enough promptly reduce, and can not realize enough electric arc loads.Also must make big at least like this apart from d; Make described in the expansion position minimum will by arc extinguishing gases stream through-flow cross-sectional area have at least the same big area of cross-sectional area with narrow positions (near the expansion position), preferably at least 1.5 times, at least 2 times or at least 2.5 times even at least 3 times are to this area.
In the prior art, saidly generally select very greatly apart from d, general thus big interval of realizing said two arc contacts, this also causes a kind of littler puncture possibility, because the electric field strength that is produced is littler.But this contradict apart from d and design of the present invention greatly is because exist low-down arc extinguishing gases density in the contact region in front.
The density of arc extinguishing gases and pressure directly mutually combine through (part) temperature of arc extinguishing gases, and their local velocitys through arc extinguishing gases cause that wherein a kind of high flow rate is accompanied by a kind of low-density and a kind of low-pressure.Replace defining through arc extinguishing gases density (in second contact next door or front), the present invention also can define through pressure there or through the arc extinguishing gases flow velocity there.The advantage that defines through local pressure is that pressure is compared and can be measured relatively preferably with density and flow velocity.In analog computation, generally can confirm all three kinds of parameters (density, pressure, flow velocity) preferably.
As stated, during a kind of critical time interval for possible backfire, keep at least for condition apart from d.This time interval is positioned at contact certainly separates during the later disconnection process, because otherwise do not produce the electric arc that will be extinguished.Can be during through narrow positions when arc extinguishing gases stream towards the direction of second arc contact, the present invention is also worked.When for example said second contact is a kind of inhibition-contact, sometimes in order in heating chamber, to set up a kind of high arc quenching gas pressure the time; Suppress said narrow positions at least in part; Begin one thus and be called the time interval of extinguishing state; A kind of arc extinguishing gases stream can be towards the direction of second arc contact through narrow positions in this time interval, when said narrow positions no longer suppresses through second contact.Arc extinguishing gases is also through-flow through narrow positions towards the second contact direction from heating chamber then, and enters into the expansion position.
In addition when arc extinguishing gases flow to few when can flow with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed partly, certain position in the expansion position especially, the present invention also can correctly be worked so.Because can carry out switch with the connection situation in principle relevantly; And correspondingly come to select by contact and nozzle performed motion process during the disconnection process for different connection situation differently; So just can be confined to these switch situation according to chosen distance d of the present invention; In these cases, arc extinguishing gases flow to less and can flow with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed partly.
In the time interval with interior with according to mode chosen distance d of the present invention, this time interval is restricted thus backward, when arc extinguishing gases stream flows with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed no longer at least partly, makes apart from d no longer to be positioned at said distance inside at interval.Arc quenching gas pressure p in heating chamber
HWith respect to stuffing pressure p
0How (static pressure, the pressure in a kind of current drainage volume) reduce like this, makes no longer possibly exist in the position velocity of sound and supersonic speed to flow in expansion, so said apart from d also no longer must be positioned at distance at interval inside.
It is inner at interval that but second contact can also be retained in distance, finishes up to said disconnection process.
According to employed arc extinguishing gases, Bearing score ear-pressure proportional provides pressure proportional p
0/ p
H, can realize that under this pressure proportional a kind of supersonic speed flows.For SF
6, Bearing score ear-pressure proportional is about 0.59; For N
2It is about 0.53; It also is about 0.53 for air.For having the gas that adiabatic coefficent is k, Bearing score ear-pressure proportional is:
[2/(k+1)]
k/(k-1)
Should be positioned at said apart from d according to the present invention apart among the interval; Can provide this thus apart from the interval according to above-mentioned execution mode; On the one hand; Corresponding to a kind of down distance limit at interval, be used to supply with the cross-sectional area of arc extinguishing gases circulation stream the cross-sectional area with narrow positions (near the expansion position) is the same big at least at the expansion position; And on the other hand, corresponding to a kind of distance limit at interval that goes up, in the minimum value of narrow positions or the arc extinguishing gases density that between narrow positions and second contact, produces greater than in second contact the inside or the minimum value of the arc extinguishing gases density of next door generation.The situation that minimum value is arranged in second contact can only just occur when second contact is a kind of hollow contact, for example Mume flower contact certainly.
In a kind of selection scheme of the present invention, strengthen for dielectric ground after the arc extinction at least and connect the highway section and in order promptly to make arc extinguishing gases through said expansion position, select by rights between the nozzle and second contact apart from d.
In another kind of selection scheme, can make and have such characteristic according to high power switch of the present invention: during the later disconnection process of contact separation, extinguishing state during-a kind of arc extinguishing gases stream under this state can towards the direction of second arc contact (especially with the velocity of sound) at least pass the selection of narrow positions-like this parallel to the axis measured, between the narrow positions and second arc contact apart from d; Make that the flow velocity of arc extinguishing gases stream is maximum in a position, this position is arranged on second arc contact next door and/or is arranged on the inside of second arc contact.Can be correlated with in this position, perhaps be made up of a plurality of branches position.
Therefore also exist and be called as the time interval of extinguishing state, it is positioned at after the contact separation, and can produce betwixt and make arc extinguishing gases pass flow (and under the connection situation, also taking place) of narrow positions towards the direction of second arc contact.During this time interval, satisfy above-mentioned condition apart from d, arc extinguishing gases is flow to less can flow equally with the velocity of sound.This condition is, flow velocity above-mentioned, that pass the arc extinguishing gases stream of narrow positions towards the second contact direction is maximum in this position, and it is inner and/or be arranged on the next door of second contact in the side that this position is arranged on second contact.
Passing narrow positions can define towards the arc extinguishing gases of the direction of second arc contact stream thus: narrow positions (because for example a contact in said two contacts) is not suppressed at least in part.Therefore especially there is not the part of arc contact to be arranged in the narrow positions inside.Especially can define the appearance of arc extinguishing gases stream in narrow positions thus: make relevant arc extinguishing gases stream big like this, make this flow velocity when strengthening, no longer become big apart from d at the inner flow velocity of narrow positions.Basically be exactly this situation at this moment: among this set is being connected in the inside, expansion position on the narrow positions, by arc extinguishing gases through-flow face (it has a kind of minimum area) have with perpendicular to axis, narrow positions near during extinguishing state facing to the area of the cross-sectional area identical (perhaps 1.5 times or 2 times) at place, the narrow positions end of second arc contact.The comparison of this area can be further defines for the existence that is guided the arc extinguishing gases stream through narrow positions.
Said is a kind of interval apart from d.This is measured between the opposed facing narrow positions end and second contact apart from d certainly.
Said narrow positions also can be called nozzle passage.It is best lengthways constituting said narrow positions, that is to say, the length of narrow positions is greater than its width.Advantageously or even the length-width ratio of 1.5 times, at least 2 times or at least 2.5 times.Long nozzle restenosis part position has a kind of big (inside) surface area.Thus can be so that the electric arc that in narrow positions, is burning is extinguished by a kind of big nozzle material (for example PTFE) area, extinguish arcs especially reliably consequently.In addition when a contact in said two arc contacts is a kind of inhibition-contact; Can under the situation of long especially nozzle passage, in heating chamber, produce strong especially pressure; Because for identical movement velocity, suppress to be used for the nozzle passage of longer time by contact and nozzle.
Said contact separation means, the separation of the physics contact between said two arc contacts.The physics contact for example can realize through directly being in contact with one another of contact, perhaps also can realize through a kind of contacted middle contacts of said two arc contacts (overlap joint contact) that make.
Length about the time interval; Saidly during it satisfy this condition apart from d; It is inner at interval promptly to be positioned at distance; Can be described below: for the typical high power switch of correlation form, minimum arc duration (shortest time at interval, arc burning) betwixt is at about 5ms or 7ms extremely between about 15ms.Maximum arc duration (in the longest time interval, arc burning betwixt is before it extinguishes) is generally between 15ms or 17ms to 30ms.The arc duration that has provided the difference between maximum and minimum arc duration is at interval generally between the 10ms to 15ms.
Advantageously 10ms at least, at least 15ms or satisfy during the 20ms at least above-mentioned for the condition apart from d so that maximum part is fallen with most important pressure and during, in heating chamber in the arc extinction good through-flow characteristic of assurance later on.The condition that advantageously is used in d yet additionally satisfies the arc duration duration at interval, thus advantageously at 20ms at least, 25ms, 30ms or satisfy this condition during time interval of 35ms at least at least at least.Advantageous particularly ground also can make the electric arc load realize at least in part with short arc duration during satisfying the condition of the above-mentioned d of being used for.Therefore particularly advantageously be, at 25ms at least, 30ms, 35ms, 40ms, 45ms or satisfy said condition during time interval of 50ms at least at least at least at least at least.In order in fact to realize connecting as far as possible reliably under all connection situation; And prevent backfire; Also can satisfy longer time condition at interval, for example 60ms, 80ms or 100ms or longer (are promptly realizing that arc extinguishing gases stream through narrow positions soon later on) soon when insulation nozzle and second arc contact have just discharged narrow positions; When on identical direction, moving, can realize this point especially well with essentially identical speed.
If said second contact is not used in the hole of discharging arc extinguishing gases in the on off state of opening, for example constitute by solid pin, the position of Peak Flow Rate or minimum arc extinguishing gases density is positioned at second contact next door according to the present invention in the side so.But when having in the on off state that second contact is being opened when being used to discharge the hole of arc extinguishing gases; For example by a kind of hollow pins, especially constitute by a kind of Mume flower contact, so the Peak Flow Rate position be arranged on second contact next door in the side with respect to axis and/or perforate inner.
The position of maximum arc extinguishing gases flow velocity or minimum arc extinguishing gases density especially be not arranged on connect the highway section inner, promptly be not arranged in the position between said two contacts.The position of maximum arc extinguishing gases flow velocity is not arranged in the narrow positions inside, is not arranged between the narrow positions and second contact yet.
Through realizing arc extinguishing gases stream, the especially optimization in the narrow positions and the second contact position for selection apart from d according to the present invention.Arc extinguishing gases stream is as getting off to realize optimization: the place extra high dielectric load occurring produces extra high withstand voltage fail safe.This preferred effect realizes through the present invention; Because through realizing a kind of high arc extinguishing gases density according to of the present invention along connecting the highway section for the selection apart from d, (or inner) occurs in the second contact side and the position of lower arc extinguishing gases density is at the position of the littler load of dielectric.
In a kind of special embodiment of the present invention, said to begin to be positioned at said distance apart from d from arc extinction inner at interval.When arc extinction and when preventing backfire, at first need dielectric strength.
In a kind of advantageous embodiments of the present invention, said expansion position constitutes on infundibulate ground basically.Lateral access is especially advantageously vacated at the expansion position.These lateral access are as for example being used for making nozzle especially in the narrow positions release by the known that kind of DE 35 43 762 A1.In above-mentioned document, load at all, and do not have to keep in gas equally through electric arc heated through the electric arc that gas produced of arc heating.Said load is realized through the gas (pressure air) of cooling.Said narrow positions is also very short in above-mentioned document, and does not form the passage of lengthwise.
Advantageously define a kind of coordinate axial and radially, and said narrow positions constitutes lengthways through axis.Especially along at least 1.5 times of the expandable parts of the measured narrow positions of axial coordinate to, or advantageously in addition at least 2 times to expandable part along the measured narrow positions of radial coordinate.
In another kind of selection scheme of the present invention, saidly be arranged in distance at least so longways at interval apart from d, with in arc extinguishing gases stream, can produce by ultrasonic caused shock wave the same.Through keep said distance inner at interval apart from d, can greatly relax because the compressive resistance problem that shock wave causes.
In another embodiment of the present invention, said narrow positions has a kind of geometry that departs from Bearing score ear nozzle geometry with the expansion position near the intermediate location from narrow positions to the expansion position.In Bearing score ear nozzle, hypersonic flow can occur, and shock wave not occur.But be exactly that shock wave can cause the problem that solves through the present invention.For example in US 3 842 226, disclose a kind of switch, it has a tripe shape nozzle that comprises two necks.A neck is made up of Bearing score ear nozzle, and is responsible in the nozzle tripe, causing making consumingly pressure to descend.This point is opposite with design of the present invention, because can produce a kind of high arc extinguishing gases density according to the present invention, and correspondingly produces a kind of high compressive resistance.
In advantageous embodiment of the present invention; During the disconnection process, there is the relative motion of second contact and insulation nozzle; Especially the relative motion at the expansion position of second contact and insulation nozzle reduces when wherein the speed of this relative motion has at least be arranged in apart from inside, interval apart from d during.This point is a kind of favourable approach, and it is inner at interval how can to realize making second contact can be retained in distance relatively for a long time, as long as during the disconnection process, do not keep constant apart from d.
In a kind of advantageous embodiments of the present invention, said in terminal location, to be positioned at distance after the disconnection process apart from d inner at interval.This point for example can realize thus: begin to make second contact to move in identical direction with essentially identical speed with nozzle from arc extinction at the latest.
Advantageously make constant in the inner at interval basic maintenance of distance apart from d.This point allows best flow behavior during the long time interval, to occur, and makes the adjust the distance influence of d of damping and/or reflux characteristic minimum.
According to the method that is used to break off the high power switch that is full of with arc extinguishing gases of the present invention; This high power switch has first arc contact and second arc contact and has an insulation nozzle that has narrow positions, and this method comprises the following steps: according to scheme of the present invention
-said two arc contacts are separated from each other, light a kind of electric arc between these two arc contacts thus, heat arc extinguishing gases through this electric arc, it is temporarily stored in the heating chamber the inside;
-through a kind of arc extinguishing gases stream make arc extinguishing gases from heating chamber through narrow positions along an axis and direct into the expansion position that is connected on the narrow positions, wherein narrow positions near the expansion position have a kind of perpendicular to axis, area is the cross-sectional area of F;
-during this arc extinguishing gases stream, at least under the situation about connecting-in this case arc extinguishing gases flow to few can flow with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed-one partly parallel to the axis measured, between narrow positions and second arc contact apart from d at least with make arc extinguishing gases flow to few partly can be with the velocity of sound or the supersonic speed the same inside, distance interval that remains on for a long time of flowing;
-wherein said distance depend at interval area F, second contact geometry designs scheme and expansion position the geometry designs scheme and
-wherein said distance provides at interval thus:
-on the one hand, apart from the interval limit, supply arc extinguishing gases stream to be used for through-flow cross-sectional area at the expansion position and have the area of area F, especially at least 1.5 * F at least corresponding to down,
-on the other hand, corresponding to the last distance limit at interval, in the minimum value of narrow positions or the arc extinguishing gases density that between narrow positions and second contact, produced greater than in second contact the inside or the minimum value of the arc extinguishing gases density that is produced by it.
Also can be called a kind of method that is used for coming making current according to method of the present invention through high power switch.
Can form the present invention thus in another embodiment, (with at least for the critical time interval) such chosen distance d during extinguishing state,
d＝(F/π)
1/2×((1+b’·cosα)
1/2-1)/(sinα·cosα)，
Wherein for parameter b ' be suitable for: b '=b-F '/F, and wherein be suitable for for parameter b:
1.4≤b≤4.5, especially
1.7≤b≤4.0, especially
2.1≤b≤3.5, and particularly advantageously be
2.2≤b≤3.2。
On this F is known perpendicular to axis (also being provided with) with respect to radial axis, near the narrow positions cross-sectional area that is extinguishing during the state in the face of the narrow positions end of second arc contact.Under the situation of cylindrical narrow positions, said cross-sectional area is cylindrical capping face area.F ' is perpendicular to axis (also with respect to radial axis be provided with), be located at being used in second contact in case of necessity discharges the cross-sectional area in the hole of arc extinguishing gases.And angle [alpha] is the unlimited angle [alpha] that is connected the expansion position on the narrow positions.Second contact (not having tap) b '=b for solid pin form formation.
When parameter b equals 1, in the face of equaling arc extinguishing gases stream that through-flow minimum area in the expansion position by the area F of arc extinguishing gases circulation stream on the narrow positions end of second contact.Approaching at this this minimum area through a kind of frustum side surface area, also arrive said area F ' in case of necessity for this surface area.Parameter b provides how much (theory) ratios of frustum side surface area (being area F ' in case of necessity simultaneously) and area F.
For b＜1, make the arc extinguishing gases stream through narrow positions small like this, therefore do not reach good and generally do not have enough electric arc loads (when hot joining is logical bad characteristic) yet.Because wall body friction loss and mismachining tolerance; And because by the actual area that utilizes of arc extinguishing gases stream since arc extinguishing gases stream after coming out from narrow positions direction deflection and less than above-mentioned frustum side surface area (comprising the tap area in case of necessity); For the b value between 1 and about 1.4, also do not reach gratifying arc extinguishing gases stream and electric arc electric charge in practice.Have only from b ≈ 1.4 with for bigger b, in fact can reach this point.At value b from less than 1.4 with less than 1 o'clock, the scope of Peak Flow Rate also be arranged on second contact next door and/or second contact inner.In practice, the b value is got be at least 2 or be at least 2.5.
If select parameter b, generally be in a kind of small relatively arc quenching gas pressure of generation and a kind of small relatively arc extinguishing gases density between the narrow positions and second contact near axis greater than about 4.5 or 5.In this case, the Peak Flow Rate scope is arranged on the there, and is not arranged on second contact next door and/or second contact inside, and correspondingly is unfavorable for the dielectric strength in said connection highway section.
Approx also can be according to following inequality chosen distance d under the situation of F ' ≈ 0:
0.5 * (F/ π)
1/2/ tan α '≤d≤1.2 * (F/ π)
1/2/ tan α '+0.55 * D, especially
0.8×(F/π)
1/2/tanα’≤d≤1.0×(F/π)
1/2/tanα’+0.45×D。
Angle [alpha] wherein ' equal to open wide angle [alpha], as long as α≤45 °, and α '=45 ° during for α＞45 °.
For apart from the selection that d carried out, satisfy above-mentioned flow conditions through above-mentioned, relevant for common switch geometry with cross-sectional area.The narrow given range that is used for b can be remained on when inner when can remain on the inner or parameter b of the narrow given range that is used for d apart from d, preferred arc extinguishing gases stream can be guaranteed to keep better.
When the approximate calculation area, to set out by a kind of columniform second contact, it does not have rounding or analogous shape in the end.Correspondingly for other, the contact of for example rounding, perhaps use the formula of varied somewhat, perhaps make not begin apart from d but adopt bigger distance from contact end.
During this external approximate calculation area, prerequisite is that the cross-sectional area (perhaps diameter) of second contact is as the corresponding size that equals narrow positions basically.Especially when said second contact is not inhibition-contact, also other size can occur, therefore use the formula of respective change in case of necessity.
At first have a kind of first and open wide angle [alpha] and have above that then with connecting and another kind ofly open wide that angle [alpha]-it is greater than or less than first and opens wide angle [alpha] (stepped expansion position) as long as be connected expansion position on the narrow positions, then in for the formula given, use a kind of corresponding average angle [alpha] of opening wide apart from d.Even under the situation at expansion position bending or the wave expansion, also adopt a kind of corresponding average angle [alpha] of opening wide.
Said high power switch can advantageously have a kind of narrow positions, and it is made up of a kind of cylinder basically.In this case, during extinguishing state, advantageously select like this, be applicable to following formula apart from d:
d＝D×((1+b’·cosα)
1/2-1)/(2·sinα·cosα)
Wherein for parameter b ' suitable be: b '=b-F '/F, and wherein for parameter b:
1.4≤b≤4.5, especially
1.7≤b≤4.0, especially
2.1≤b≤3.5, and particularly advantageously be
2.2≤b≤3.2。
At this, cylindrical diameter D approaches during extinguishing state the cylinder end facing to second arc contact.F ' be perpendicular to axis (promptly with respect to the radial axis setting), be arranged in the area of cross section in hole that is used to discharge arc extinguishing gases of second contact in case of necessity.And angle [alpha] is the unlimited angle [alpha] that is connected the expansion position on the said narrow positions.For second contact (not having tap) that solid pin constitutes, b '=b.
Also can under the situation of F ' ≈ 0, select said approx apart from d according to following inequality:
0.25 * D/tan α '≤d≤0.6 * D/tan α '+0.55 * D, especially
0.4×D/tanα’≤d≤0.5×D/tanα’+0.45×D
In this case, angle [alpha] ' equal to open wide angle [alpha], as long as α≤45 °, and α '=45 ° during for α＞45 °.
Through above-mentioned, with cylinder diameter relatively for apart from the selection that d carried out, for common switch geometry, generally to satisfy according to density of the present invention-, pressure-or flow conditions.The narrow given range that is used for b can be remained on when inner when can remain on the inner or parameter b of the narrow given range that is used for d apart from d, the arc extinguishing gases stream that is keeping favourable can be guaranteed better.
In a kind of advantageous embodiments of theme of the present invention, said narrow positions can suppress through a contact in said two arc contacts at least in part.This arc contact is called inhibition-contact.During extinguishing state, said in this case narrow positions no longer suppresses through inhibition-contact at least in part.First and/or second arc contact can play the effect of inhibition-contact.
In the possible embodiment of another kind, second contact is constant to the distance of narrow positions.In this case, first contact moves with respect to narrow positions.
In the another kind of advantageous embodiments of theme of the present invention, at least one arc contact in said two arc contacts drives through a kind of driving mechanism, and moves along axis.Particularly advantageously be, these two arc contacts can move, and first driving mechanism is used to drive first arc contact, and second driving mechanism is used to drive second arc contact.In this case, second driving mechanism is realized by a kind of driver that drives through first driving mechanism.
Advantageously constitute so said driving mechanism, make the motion of the direction of motion from the rightabout movement conversion of this arc contact and insulation nozzle to equidirectional of at least one arc contact.This direction of motion conversion is produced, during arc extinguishing gases stream especially when said narrow positions does not suppress through a contact in the said contact at least in part through narrow positions.
A kind of mobilizable middle contact is arranged between said two arc contacts versatilely, these two arc contacts are fixed.
In the another kind of advantageous embodiments of content of the present invention, narrow positions through a kind of passage, especially through the ring passage be connected with heating chamber.
Second contact pin shape ground is constituted.Also can make it constitute solid pin or hollow pins.Especially also can constitute by Mume flower contact.Second contact can have the hole that is used under the on off state of opening, discharging arc extinguishing gases.First and second arc contacts are realized as the contact pair of being made up of Mume flower contact and contact pin.
In another kind of advantageous embodiments, during extinguishing state, perhaps make at least so longways apart from d to be positioned at distance inside at interval, insulation nozzle is moved on identical direction with second contact.Advantageously during extinguishing state, also be applicable to ratio v1/v2:0.4≤v1/v2≤1.2, especially 0.75≤v1/v2≤1.15 of speed v 2 of speed v 1 and second contact of insulation nozzle.Advantageous particularly ground is applicable to 0.9≤v1/v2≤1.08 or v1/v2 ≈ 1 during extinguishing state.Said insulation nozzle and second arc contact advantageously move on identical direction with essentially identical zero the speed of being different from during extinguishing state.
Through after direction of motion conversion, being about 1: 1 speed ratio v1/v2; Just can reduce the load of damping device; Perhaps use simpler damping device, because can stipulate longer damping stroke (longer path, said motion is braked during this path).Because after the distance of enough (generally also being maximum) between said two arc contacts, brake for contact with regard to beginning reaching a kind of in advance, this is because contact keeps constant apart from the gearratio through 1: 1.For the speed ratio v1/v2 that approaches 1, effectively same on the principle, the little variation of contact distance has still wherein appearred.
Said high power switch can be according to from the form of the switch of calming the anger and constitute.In this case, the volume of heating chamber is constant.High power switch also can constitute according to the form of buffer switch.In this case, heating chamber also is a kind of discharge chambe, and its volume diminishes during the disconnection process, so that realize a kind of better electric arc air blowing through additional pressure.Said high power switch also can have the heating chamber and additional discharge chambe that is preferably with constant volume, and wherein the volume of discharge chambe reduces during the disconnection process at least.Advantageously between discharge chambe and heating chamber, has a valve.
Said two arc contacts advantageously are provided with each other coaxially.
Said arc contact also can be the rated current contact simultaneously.But, also be provided with rated current-contact separately advantageously additionally for arc contact.Generally for the disconnection process, rated current-contact is separated from each other, makes thus and want interrupted electric current on arc contact, to change.Arc contact is being lighted under the condition of electric arc separately.
Advantageously can make a contact, especially first arc contact in said two arc contacts have one and be used for holding another in hole arc contact and that be used for discharging arc extinguishing gases that the on off state of closure advantageously constitutes with pin shape at the on off state of opening.This arc contact is made up of the Mume flower contact with many contact fingers.
Advantageously, second arc contact pin shape ground constitutes and can be movable, and first contact has the hole that is used to hold second contact, and is movable or not movable.Said insulation nozzle advantageously is rigidly connected with first contact.
High power switch on the application's meaning is especially the sort of to be at least about 72kV and the switch that lays for rated voltage.This high power switch can have one or more connections chamber.
Provide other preferred embodiment and advantage by dependent claims and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Describe theme of the present invention in detail by means of the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings below.In the accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 illustrates according to the details of high power switch of the present invention in open mode with sectional view,
Fig. 2 illustrates the details of high power switch in the open and close state that has two mobilizable arc contacts according to of the present invention with sectional view, and with vertical view driver is shown,
Fig. 3 according to as the relational expression of opening wide the angle [alpha] function to scheme to express parameter b for different ' time, apart from the ratio of d and narrow positions diameter D,
The analog computation of arc extinguishing gases stream when Fig. 4-8 is illustrated in different distances d with chart, this representes with isobar.
Employed in the accompanying drawings label symbol and its meaning in reference numerals list, have briefly been listed.Parts identical in the accompanying drawings in principle or that function is identical are furnished with identical label symbol.Partly not shown for understanding the unessential parts of the present invention.Said embodiment exemplarily is used for theme of the present invention, and does not have restriction.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 illustrates the part according to high power switch of the present invention with the sectional view letter, and this switch can pass through for example SF of a kind of arc extinguishing gases
6Or N
2And SF
6Mixture fill.This switch has one first arc contact 1, and it is made up of Mume flower contact.First arc contact 1 is surrounded by a pilot jet 13, and it forms a kind of passage 7 that constitutes ring passage 7 with insulation nozzle 5.This insulation nozzle formed cylindrical formation basically, be used to guide the narrow positions 6 of arc extinguishing gases stream.On narrow positions 6, connected the position of on diameter, expanding 21 with 45 ° of unlimited angle [alpha] ≈.Said passage 7 makes narrow positions 6 be connected with the heating chamber 11 that is used for temporary arc extinguishing gases.In a side that deviates from first contact 1 of narrow positions 6, be provided with second arc contact 2 of pin shape.Advantageously make said switch have just in time two arc contacts.
The cylindrical diameter of narrow positions is represented with D.Second contact 2 is represented with d to the distance of narrow positions 6.D ≈ (0.7 ± 0.1) * D here.Second contact 2 in the face of the end of narrow positions 6 be arranged on be connected on the narrow positions 6, among the position 21 with respect to narrow positions 6 expansions on the diameter.The diameter at this position 21 increases at first significantly, keeps constant basically then earlier, and then increases slightly.Shape according to insulation nozzle 5; Can make being arranged among the part of the strong diameter that increases more or less, or also being arranged on the diameter place of constant at the position 21 of insulation nozzle 5 in the face of the end of narrow positions 6 of second contact 2; If satisfy condition; Arc extinguishing gases density or arc quenching gas pressure are minimum in position 20; This position be arranged on second arc contact, 2 next doors (perhaps the flow velocity of arc extinguishing gases stream at the position 20 places maximum, this position is arranged on second arc contact, 2 next doors).
With shown in Figure 1 different, this position 20 is generally near second contact (also referring to following Fig. 4 to 8).
Said narrow positions 6 (or second contact 2) can advantageously have the prismatic shape of being essentially of other, and is called " cylindrical basically ".Diameter D is considered to the corresponding radial dimension of narrow positions.Especially can be a kind of so good precision of diameter of a circle, it with have area identical near the narrow positions of second contact 2.Cylindrical diameter or prismatic radial dimension also need not to be accurately constant.For confirming that the d important parameters is the radial dimension that cylinder or the prismatic end facing to second contact 2 are located.This narrow positions shape is also included within the notion of " substantially cylindrical ".
Said high power switch rotates basically and utilizes an axis of symmetry A to constitute symmetrically.Define axis direction z1 and z2 and perpendicular radial direction that the A that parallels to the axis extends thus; Arc contact moves along said axis direction.
Arc extinguishing gases stream is represented through the dotted lines with expression flow direction arrows.Represent the difference shunting of arc extinguishing gases stream through s1 to s5.S1 representes from heating chamber to the shunting of connecting the highway section.S1 is divided into s2 and s3.S2 towards the direction of first contact 1, and therefore on direction z1, extend.S3 in narrow positions 6 inside towards the direction of second contact 2, therefore and on direction z2, extend.Because position 21 has the diameter bigger than narrow positions 6, and pin shape contact 2 is provided with along axis A, therefore shunts s4 and has a component that significantly radially outward points to.Shunting in second contact, 2 sides is represented with s5.According in the selection shown in Fig. 1, be positioned at the position of shunting s5 with 20 positions expression, that have minimum arc extinguishing gases density, minimum arc quenching gas pressure or Peak Flow Rate apart from d.Locate at position s3 (in narrow positions 6 inside) and s4 (between the narrow positions 6 and second contact 2); Arc extinguishing gases density is not less than the arc extinguishing gases density of (and advantageously greater than) (radially) at second contact, 2 sides (the s5 place at the position), and flow velocity is not more than the flow velocity of (and advantageously less than) (radially) at second contact, 2 sides (the s5 place at the position).Advantageously greater than the density at 20 places at the position, perhaps flow velocity is less than the flow velocity at 20 places at the position for s2 place arc extinguishing gases density at the position.
If second contact 2 is made up of hollow pins or Mume flower contact, then also there is another shunting, it extends along z2 in second contact, 2 inside.
Open mode at high power switch shown in Fig. 1: between said two contacts 1,2, do not have the physics contact.Just in time illustrate high power switch be called time interval of extinguishing state during.State is extinguished in definition thus, it be positioned at contact separately after, and arc extinguishing gases stream s3 passes narrow positions and produces towards the direction of second contact 2.At least in part between inhibition period, there is not (being worth mentioning) arc extinguishing gases stream to pass narrow positions 6 with second contact 2 that is called inhibition-contact in narrow positions 6.According to the present invention, the position 20 with minimum arc extinguishing gases density, minimum arc quenching gas pressure or Peak Flow Rate direction z2 upper side be arranged on the next door of second contact 2.
The not shown electric arc that separately then between said two contacts 1,2, is burning in the contact in Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 illustrates according to the high power switch of the arc contact 1,2 with two activities of the present invention details at open mode (Lower Half figure) and closure state (first half figure) with the sectional view letter.With the vertical view letter driver 3 is shown on the figure right side.First arc contact 1 drives through unshowned driving mechanism.The driving mechanism that is fit to for example can be electric driving mechanism or spring energy-storage driving mechanism.
First contact 1 is rigidly connected with insulation nozzle 5 and pilot jet 13.Insulation nozzle 5 has a narrow positions 6, and it constitutes basically cylindrically, and diameter is D.Through ring passage 7 narrow positions 6 is connected with heating chamber 11.A discharge chambe 10 is connected with heating chamber through valve 12.The volume of heating chamber can change through piston 15, and this piston is advantageously fixed.
First arc contact 1 and insulation nozzle 5, pilot jet 13 and valve 12 are moved during the disconnection process of the current interruptions flow through high power switch on direction z1 being used for making.Through selecting delay, second contact 2 is moved on direction z2.The quality that will directly move through driving mechanism is greater than the quality that will move through driver 3.Can expect that before reaching maximal rate v1 soon second contact 2 quickens.First contact 1 keeps this speed up to the braking procedure when the disconnection process finishes basically after reaching its maximal rate.
Can reduce the volume of discharge chambe through static piston 15, and valve 12 can make arc extinguishing gases flow to heating chamber 10 the insides.During high or maximum relative velocity v12, under the situation of having lighted electric arc 4, produced contact separation.Can reach before the maximum relative velocity or after (several milliseconds) produce contact separation.
Said electric arc 4 will originally be in the arc extinguishing gases heating of room temperature (300K), and feasible combustion material from insulation nozzle 5 extinguishes in narrow positions 6.Directly on electric arc, make the arc extinguishing gases temperature reach the order of magnitude of about 30000K.In heating chamber 11, produce overvoltage by this way by means of ring passage 7, it is generally between 10 crust to 60 crust.Arc extinguishing gases temperature in heating chamber 11 generally at first is the 2000K order of magnitude (under the T100a-situation).By the pressure differential between heating chamber 11 and discharge chambe 10 that can be given in advance through valve 12, for example when in heating chamber 11, existing, valve 12 is closed greater than the pressure in the discharge chambe 10.Also also flow to through ring passage 7 then through heating chamber 11 where necessary from heating chamber 11 later on and be arranged on said two contacts 1 from discharge chambe 10; The general total temperature that also has 1000K to 2000K of arc extinguishing gases in the connection highway section between 2, and be used for extinguish arcs 4.
After the overwhelming majority of narrow positions 6 length was crossed with maximal rate v2 in the end in the face of first arc contact 1 of second arc contact 2, v2 reduced once more.Second contact 2 enters into inactive state, and after opening narrow positions 6 on direction z1, and be parallel to (identical sensing) first contact 1 thus and move.After this reversing of motion, second contact 2 reaches the speed identical with first contact 1 soon.
As long as narrow positions 6 is suppressed by second contact 2 no longer at least in part; Arc extinguishing gases passes through first contact 1 (on direction z1) that ring passage 7 not only passes through tulip shape, and discharges through narrow positions 6 and on second contact, 2 next doors (on direction z2) of pin shape.
Fig. 1 can be used as through-flow characteristic in the high power switch explanation of state at this moment according to Fig. 2.
Through basic 1: the 1 speed ratio v1/v2 when second contact and the insulation nozzle same direction of movement, can make to keep constant basically apart from d between contact 2 and the narrow positions 6 of the second pin shape structure.Select this apart from d like this; Make when arc extinguishing gases flow to inhibition-contact 2 (on direction z2) through narrow positions 6; Peak Flow Rate is positioned at inhibition-contact 2 next doors in the side, perhaps not on the highway section between said two arc contacts 1 and 2 (perhaps at this highway section next door) at least.Realize especially effectively electric arc load thus, and the resume combustion of electric arc is suppressed effectively.Chosen distance d is d ≈ (0.7 ± 0.2) * D, and wherein D is the diameter (on the end of its z2 one side) of narrow positions 6.
If having preestablished speed through driver 3 is 1: 1 than v1/v2, so when switch gets into decay, contact 1,2 brakes through damping mechanism, d and also keep corresponding flowing to compare thus just can keep at a distance.When the disconnection process finishes soon, often cause owing to the backflow that cause, first contact 1 of the pressure ratio in heating chamber 11 and/or discharge chambe 10 (direction of motion is opposite) on the one hand.Even through this backflow, saidly when having selected a kind of 1: 1 speed do not change apart from d than v1/v2 yet.As long as preferred flow than when breaking off the end of motion, be held, and when arc back not, guarantee a kind of reliable arc extinguishing thus.Through said be 1: 1 speed ratio v1/v2, the distance between said two contacts 1 and 2 also keeps constant, makes Electric Field Distribution keep constant like this.
Through at the opposite later speed ratio v1/v2 of the direction of motion; Can make the load that has carried out the damping device of braking for the motion of contact reduce; Perhaps use more simple damping device; Because can stipulate long damping stroke (braking motion is carried out in long highway section during this highway section).Because, begun to carry out the braking of contact, because the gear ratio that the contact distance was passed through 1: 1 keeps constant reaching a kind of after the distance of enough (generally almost maximum) between the arc contact in advance.For the speed ratio v1/v2 that is almost 1, be effectively same on principle, but the little variation that wherein produces the contact distance.
The speed v 2 of second contact 2 when breaking off the motion end through being reduced in just can reduce the load of damping device, because must absorb kinergety still less.
Also can pilot jet 13 be interpreted as the insulation nozzle (if pilot jet 13 correspondingly constitutes) with a kind of narrow positions; Wherein be chosen in the distance between first contact 1 and this pilot jet-narrow positions like this according to the present invention; Make that the arc extinguishing gases density of the arc extinguishing gases stream that on direction z1, extends is minimum at a position; Or the flow velocity of the arc extinguishing gases that on direction z1, extends stream is maximum at a position, and this position is arranged on first arc contact, 1 next door, or is arranged on the inside of first arc contact 1 with respect to axis A.
As (in vertical view) shown in the right part of Fig. 2, a lever 8 can be rotated to support on second contact 2 through a bearing pin 16 on the first end.On the second end of lever 8, this lever 8 can be rotated to support on the side leg of angle lever 9 through a bearing pin 17.The second side leg of this angle lever 9 is guided in a connecting bar disk 14 through bearing pin 18.This angle lever 9 is rotatably mounted through bearing pin 19 fixed-site, that for example be fixed on the high power switch shell.As that kind of representing through position W, the motion of the motion of connecting bar disk 14 (preferably rigidly) and first contact 1 coupling mutually joins.
Through the connecting bar disk 14 that is connected with driving mechanism, also control the motion of second contact 2 through a kind of leverage.Driver 3 can convert (driving mechanism) linear movement of constant speed the opposite motion of to a kind of direction of motion.Through suitably selecting lever length and angle, can select a kind of desired speed synoptic chart for second contact 2.
As shown in Figure 1, driver 3 can constitute symmetrically, and this causes more favourable power to distribute and bigger stability.
The speed v 1 of the insulation nozzle 5 and first contact 1 can begin to quicken later being generally between the 3m/s to 10m/s, for example 5m/s.Speed v 2 maximums of second contact 2 can be between the 12m/s to 20m/s, for example 15m/s.Maximum velocity ratio v1/v2 (for opposite motion) can be between 1: 2.4 to 1: 3.5, for example 1: 3.Can correspondingly reach general 13m/s, 15m/s, 17m/s, 19m/s and bigger relative velocity v12 thus, they can realize discharging fast bearing pin 6, and through providing big arc quenching gas pressure to realize effective electric arc load in the short time with interior.If said narrow positions has bigger length (axially stretching the position), very large insulation nozzle surface is placed under the electric arc, can evaporate wide variety of materials from insulation nozzle thus, realize effective electric arc load thus.Especially can make said narrow positions length is greater than 40mm, more preferably greater than 50mm and greater than 60mm.Also can in the very short time, be implemented in the big distance in (insulation highway section) between contact 1 and 2.
A kind of corresponding high power switch can be used for that rated short circuit current surpasses 40kA or 50kA when rated voltage surpasses 170kV or 200kV.
Fig. 3 illustrates the graphics relationship of equality:
d＝D×((1+b’·cosα)
1/2-1)/(2·sinα·cosα)，
The relation of wherein representing d/D and unlimited angle [alpha] (alpha).For parameter b '=1, b '=2, b '=3, b '=4 and b '=5 provide corresponding curve.Can be obtained for diameter by curve is suitable (fluid is optimized) ratio d/D (referring to Fig. 1) that is roughly columniform narrow positions of D.These ratios are arranged in the roughly scope of b=1.4 to b=4.5, wherein b '=b-F '/F, and F ' be perpendicular to axis, be arranged in the cross-sectional area that second contact 2 is used to discharge the hole of arc extinguishing gases in case of necessity.F be perpendicular to axis, narrow positions 6 near during extinguishing state in the face of the cross-sectional area (referring to Fig. 1 and 2) of narrow positions 6 ends of second arc contact 2.As illustrated in fig. 1 and 2, for second contact 2 that does not have tap, F '=0 and b '=b.Also can obtain the numerical value d/D ≈ 0.7 for 45 ° of α ≈ by curve, it is shown in Fig. 1.
The maximal phase of contact 1,2 is to speed v
12, maxFor a kind of like this switch, advantageously select with at least 40%, especially with at least 60% and even with at least 80% greater than for the required speed of capacity switch.Advantageously like this chamber is connected in design, when it is installed in the high power switch the inside of single chamber, for the maximal phase of said two arc contacts 1,2 to speed v
12, maxWhat during the disconnection process, be suitable for each other is: v
12, max>=k ' * U
NPf/ (E
KritP
0), U wherein
NBe the rated voltage of high power switch, unit is kV; P is the polar system number (dimensionless) of high power switch, E
KritBe the use field intensity that is used for the arc extinguishing gases unloading, unit is Kv/ (barm), p
0Be the pressure that is full of of arc extinguishing gases, unit clings to (representative value is 4 crust or 6 crust, generally always between 1 crust to 10 crust), and f is the High-Voltage Network frequency, and unit is Hz, and high power switch is the design frequently of this net.v
12, maxUnit be m/s.Coefficient k ' be 23, advantageously 27, be preferably 31.Under situation with high power switch of connecting the chamber more than one, also to be multiplied by another coefficient, it considers the control procedure of high power switch.
Can in the very short time, produce very large electric arc highway section thus.During the long relatively time interval,, can utilize a kind of big surface, especially whole narrow positions inner surface in order to produce the material of (evaporation) extinguish arcs.Produce the material of a large amount of extinguish arcs thus, make to reach effective electric arc load.Because relative motion very fast, the material of this a large amount of extinguish arcs can produce in the very short time, therefore can produce very large arc quenching gas pressure, and this pressure produces and can be very rapidly produces after separately at contact.Can realize very strong electric arc load thus, and realize thus connecting very reliably, even the situation of big short circuit current.
Fig. 4 to 8 illustrates the curve chart for the analog computation when the different distance d of arc extinguishing gases stream.Analog computation is the basis with the theory of whole compressible gas streams.Accompanying drawing with isobar, be that the uniform pressure line illustrates.The cross section of the first half of rotation AXIALLY SYMMETRIC PROBLEMS (rotation A) only is shown.Common parameter is for all simulations: arc extinguishing gases is SF
6, when room temperature (300K); Being full of pressure (static pressure) is p
0=6 crust; Pressure on the narrow positions starting point (corresponds essentially to the pressure p in the heating chamber
H) be 20 crust.So pressure ratio p
0/ p
H=6/20=0.3.This point is significantly less than and is used for SF
6Bearing score ear (Laval)-pressure ratio, this pressure ratio is about 0.59.Therefore hypersonic flow appears at least partly.Different parameters is apart from d in the simulation of Fig. 4 to 8.
In all Fig. 4-8, can find out shock wave (" shock bottles "), especially significantly shown in Fig. 6-8.
Through ρ 1, p1, M1 are illustrated between second contact and the narrow positions or minimum arc extinguishing gases density, minimum arc quenching gas pressure or Peak Flow Rate in narrow positions.Through ρ 2, p2, M2 are illustrated in minimum arc extinguishing gases density, minimum arc quenching gas pressure or the Peak Flow Rate on second contact next door.In Fig. 4-8, can be regarded as the border between the position of " second contact next door " and " 's between second contact and the narrow positions or in narrow positions " position apart from the shown chain-dotted line of d in order to represent.
Fig. 4 illustrates the situation of d=0.2 * D.Exist a kind of position 20 at place, the second contact side in this case, pressure p 2 (p2=1 crust) is significantly less than the minimum pressure p1 (p1=19 crust) in connecting the highway section therein.Corresponding local velocity is a M2=2.2 Mach, and M1=0.9 Mach.Therefore at the Peak Flow Rate M2 on contact next door obviously greater than the Peak Flow Rate M1 of contact front.
D is also sufficiently little, is used for realizing good compressive resistance according to the present invention.But because d only is 0.2 * D, the cross-sectional area that is provided with using for arc extinguishing gases stream in the expansion position only with the cross-sectional area approximate size that in narrow positions, occurs (F=π D
2/ 4).To this comparison diagram 3, for the curve of b '=1 when 90 ° of the α ≈: occur the area of identical size during in view of the above at d ≈ 0.25, but this point only is used for not by the columniform contact of full circle.
Therefore for realize more violent load expectation bigger apart from d.
Fig. 5 illustrates the situation of d=0.6 * D.Even also exist a kind of position 20 in the second contact side in this case, pressure p 2 (p2=1.3 crust) is significantly less than minimum pressure p1 (p1 ≈ 4.2 crust in connecting the highway section therein; P1=8.8 crust on axis A).Corresponding local velocity is a M2=2.2 Mach, and M1=1.5 Mach (also on axis A).Therefore at the Peak Flow Rate M2 on contact next door obviously greater than the Peak Flow Rate M1 of contact front.
D is also sufficiently little, so that realize good compressive resistance according to the present invention.In addition because d=0.6 * D; Under the situation of existing nozzle geometry; Therefore the cross-sectional area in the expansion position of supplying with the use of arc extinguishing gases stream has guaranteed strong extinguish arcs load obviously greater than the cross-sectional area that in narrow positions, occurs.
Fig. 6 illustrates the situation of d=0.9 * D.Even also have a kind of position 20 in the second contact side in this case, pressure p 2 (p2=2.1 crust) is significantly less than minimum pressure p1 (p1 ≈ 3.3 crust in connecting the highway section therein; P1=4.3 crust on axis A).Corresponding local velocity is M2=1.9 Mach ≈ 245m/s, and M1=1.9 Mach ≈ 240m/s (on axis A).In position 20, promptly for the temperature of p2 and M2 greater than at p1, the temperature in the M1 zone; And be Mach with the unit with temperature correlation the local sonic speed that provides.Therefore the Peak Flow Rate M1 that also is slightly larger than in the contact front on the contact next door of Peak Flow Rate M2.
D is also sufficiently little, so that realize good compressive resistance according to the present invention.Because d=0.9 * D, therefore the cross-sectional area that said supply arc extinguishing gases stream in the expansion position uses guarantees strong extinguish arcs load obviously greater than the cross-sectional area that in narrow positions, exists in addition.
Fig. 7 illustrates the situation of d=1.5 * D.In this case, no longer have this position in the second contact side, pressure p 2 (p2=2.0 crust) is less than the minimum pressure p1 (p1=1.9 crust) in connecting the highway section therein.Corresponding local velocity is a M2=1.9 Mach, and M1=2.2 Mach.Therefore the Peak Flow Rate M2 by contact is less than the Peak Flow Rate M1 in the contact front.
Although the cross-sectional area through the feasible supply of d=1.5 * D arc extinguishing gases stream uses is obvious greater than the cross-sectional area that in narrow positions, occurs in the expansion position, so guarantee strong extinguish arcs load; But too big apart from d, make can not guarantee according to good compressive resistance of the present invention.
Fig. 8 illustrates the situation of d=2.0 * D.No longer have this position in the second contact side in this case, pressure p 2 (p2=2.1 crust) is less than the minimum pressure p1 (p1=1.6 crust) in connecting the highway section therein.Corresponding local velocity is a M2=1.8 Mach, and M1=2.4 Mach.Therefore the Peak Flow Rate M2 by contact is less than the Peak Flow Rate M1 in the contact front.
Although the cross-sectional area through the feasible supply of d=2.0 * D arc extinguishing gases stream uses is obvious greater than the cross-sectional area that in narrow positions, occurs in the expansion position, so guarantee strong extinguish arcs load; But too big, so that can not guarantee according to good compressive resistance of the present invention apart from d.
Fig. 4-6 illustrates (d=0.2 * D in a word; D=0.6 * D; The situation of d=0.9 * D); Therein apart from d less than distance limes superiors at interval, wherein this limes superiors provides thus, make in narrow positions 6 or the minimum value p1 of the arc quenching gas pressure that between the narrow positions 6 and second contact 2, is produced greater than the minimum value p2 of the arc quenching gas pressure that is produced on second contact, 2 the inside or next doors.
In formula with corresponding arc extinguishing gases density:
Fig. 4-6 (d=0.2 * D; D=0.6 * D; D=0.9 * D) illustrates situation; Said therein apart from d less than distance limes superiors at interval, wherein this limes superiors provides thus, makes in narrow positions 6 or the minimum value ρ of the arc extinguishing gases density that between the narrow positions 6 and second contact 2, produced
1Minimum value ρ greater than the arc extinguishing gases density that is produced on second contact, 2 the inside or next doors
2
In formula with corresponding arc extinguishing gases flow velocity:
Fig. 4-6 (d=0.2 * D; D=0.6 * D; D=0.9 * D) shows this situation: therein apart from d less than distance limes superiors at interval; Wherein this limes superiors provides thus, make in narrow positions 6 or the maximum M1 of the arc extinguishing gases flow velocity that between the narrow positions 6 and second contact 2, is produced less than the maximum M2 of the arc extinguishing gases flow velocity that is produced on second contact, 2 the inside or next doors.
On the other hand; Fig. 5-8 illustrates (d=0.6 * D; D=0.9 * D, d=1.5 * D, this situation of d=2.0 * D): therein apart from d greater than distance limit inferior at interval; Wherein this limit inferior provides thus, and the cross-sectional area with narrow positions (near the expansion position) is the same big at least for the cross-sectional area of confession arc extinguishing gases circulation stream in expansion position 21.
Therefore under the situation of d=0.6 * D (Fig. 5) d=0.9 * D (Fig. 6), come chosen distance d, and have, as long as it is inner at interval during the time interval that is fit to, to be retained in said distance apart from d according to advantage of the present invention according to the present invention.And the situation of d=0.2 * D (Fig. 4) does not allow enough to discharge consumingly arc extinguishing gases, and therefore a kind of position of second contact is shown, and does not take up position according to the present invention in interim crash time for backfire.Under the situation of d=1.5 * D (Fig. 7) and d=2.0 * D (Fig. 8); Said density and arc quenching gas pressure are being connected on the highway section also less than on the contact next door; Therefore during the time interval critical for backfire, do not hold this position, because otherwise have the danger of backfire according to the present invention yet.
Under the situation that is fit to for the present invention apart from d; Said position 20 is arranged on second contact next door; Minimum local arc extinguishing gases density (perhaps minimum local arc quenching gas pressure or arc extinguishing gases Peak Flow Rate) in this position, occurs, its (perhaps they) occurs in narrow positions 6 or in expansion position 21.
Reference numerals list
1 contact, first arc contact
2 contacts, second arc contact, inhibition-contact
3 second driving mechanisms, driver
4 electric arcs
5 nozzles, insulation nozzle
6 narrow positions
7 passages, the ring passage
8 levers
9 angle levers
10 discharge chambes
11 heating chambers
12 valves
13 pilot jets
14 connecting rods, connecting bar disk
15 pistons
16,17,18 bearing pins, rotatable bearing
19 fixing bearing pins, rotatable bearing
20 positions, the position of minimum arc quenching gas pressure, minimum arc extinguishing gases density
The position, the position of Peak Flow Rate
21 positions, the expansion position is at the position of radius expansion
The A axis, the axis of symmetry
B, b ' parameter
The d distance
The D diameter, radial dimension
The F face, area
The M1 flow velocity
The M2 flow velocity
P pressure
p
0Stuffing pressure, static pressure, background pressure
P1 pressure perhaps goes out between the narrow positions and second contact at the narrow positions place
The minimum value of existing arc quenching gas pressure; At the narrow positions place or narrow
The arc quenching gas pressure of the minimum that exists between the position and second contact
P2 pressure, the arc extinguishing gas that in second contact, perhaps occurs on second contact next door
The minimum value of body pressure; In second contact or on second contact next door, deposit
The arc quenching gas pressure of minimum
p
HBlanketing gas pressure in heating chamber
S1, s2, s3, s4, s5 arc extinguishing gases-shunting
The speed of v1 insulation nozzle
The speed of v2 second contact
The v12 relative velocity
The W position
The z1 direction
The z2 direction
α opens wide angle
α ' angle
ρ
1Density occurs in narrow positions or between the narrow positions and second contact
The minimum value of arc extinguishing gases density; At the narrow positions place or in narrow positions
And the minimum arc extinguishing gases density that exists between second contact
ρ
2Density is in second contact or the arc extinguishing gases density that occurs of next door;
The minimum arc extinguishing gases density that in two contacts or next door exists
Claims (20)
1. high power switch, it can be full of through a kind of arc extinguishing gases,
-have one first arc contact (1) and one second arc contact (2),
-have the electric arc (4) that possibly between said two arc contacts (1,2), burn,
-have one to be used for the temporary heating chamber (11) that passes through the arc extinguishing gases of electric arc (4) heating, and
-having an insulation nozzle (5), it has the narrow positions (6) that is connected with heating chamber (11) in order to make arc extinguishing gases stream (s 3) along an axis (A) guiding, connecting an expansion position (21) above that,
-wherein this narrow positions (6) have near expansion position (21), perpendicular to axis (A), area is the cross section of F,
It is characterized in that,
-on arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) can the direction (z2) in second arc contact (2), pass during the later disconnection process of contact separation narrow positions (6) extinguish state during; And at least under the connection situation-arc extinguishing gases stream (s3 in this case; S4) can flow with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed partly
-one parallel to the axis (A) measured, between narrow positions (6) and the opposed facing end of second arc contact (2) apart from d at least with make arc extinguishing gases stream (s3; S4) at least partly can be with the velocity of sound or mobile the same being positioned at for a long time in a kind of distance interval of supersonic speed; Wherein said distance depends on the geometry of area F, second contact (2) and the geometry at expansion position (21) at interval
-wherein provide said distance thus at interval:
-on the one hand, corresponding to a kind of distance down interval limit, area is F in expansion position (21), to supply arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to have at least,
-on the other hand, corresponding to a kind of distance limit at interval that goes up, in expansion position (21), supplying arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section is at most the area of 4.5 * F.
2. high power switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, supplies arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to be at least the area of 1.7 * F, and is at most the area of 4.0 * F.
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch is characterized in that, in expansion position (21), supplying arc extinguishing gases to flow (s3) through-flow cross section is a kind of frustum side surface.
4. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch is characterized in that, said second contact (2) solid pin formula ground constitutes.
5. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch is characterized in that, be chosen in like this extinguish during the state apart from d, make d=(F/ π)
1/2* ((1+b ' cos α)
1/2-1)/(sin α cos α); Wherein α is the unlimited angle [alpha] at expansion position (21); Wherein for parameter b ': b '=b-F '/F; Wherein F ' radially is provided with, is arranged in case of necessity the area of cross section in hole that is used to discharge arc extinguishing gases of second contact (2) with respect to axis (A), and wherein b provides the geometric proportion of frustum side surface area and area F.
6. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch wherein saidly extinguishes beginning apart from d from electric arc (4) and just is positioned at said distance inside at interval.
7. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch, wherein said expansion position (21) constitutes on infundibulate ground basically, and vacates lateral access.
8. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch; Wherein through axis (A) definition one axial coordinate and a radial coordinate; And wherein said narrow positions (6) lengthways constitutes, and along at least 1.5 times of the measured narrow positions of axial coordinate (6) expandable parts to along the measured narrow positions of radial coordinate (6) expandable part.
9. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch, wherein said apart from d at least with (s3 can produce by the ultrasonic shock wave that causes is the same in s4) and is arranged in said distance for a long time at interval at arc extinguishing gases stream.
10. according to claim 1 or claim 2 high power switch, wherein said narrow positions (6) and expansion position (21) are near having a kind of geometry that departs from the geometry of Bearing score ear-nozzle from narrow positions (6) to the intermediate location of expanding position (21).
11. high power switch according to claim 1 or claim 2; Wherein there is a kind of relative motion between second contact (2) and insulation nozzle (5) during the disconnection process, reducing when wherein the speed of this relative motion (v12) has at least be positioned at inside, said distance interval apart from d during.
12. high power switch according to claim 1 or claim 2; The wherein relative motion between the expansion position (21) that exists in second contact (2) and insulation nozzle (5) during the disconnection process, and the speed of wherein this relative motion (v12) reduces when be positioned at inside, said distance interval apart from d during, having at least.
13. high power switch according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized in that, said narrow positions (6) is through said two arc contacts (1; 2) arc contact in-it is called as inhibition-contact (2)-be suppressed at least in part, and said narrow positions (6) no longer suppresses through inhibition-contact (2) at least in part during extinguishing state.
14. high power switch according to claim 1 or claim 2 is characterized in that, and is said constant in the inner at interval basic maintenance of distance apart from d.
15. high power switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, in expansion position (21), supplies arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to have the area of at least 1.5 * F.
16. high power switch as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, confession arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section is at least the area of 2.1 * F and is at most the area of 3.5 * F.
17. high power switch as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, confession arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section is at least the area of 2.2 * F and is at most the area of 3.2 * F.
18. high power switch as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, wherein arc extinguishing gases has a kind of pressure p that is full of
0,
-during the later disconnection process of contact separation, extinguishing state during and under the connection situation-pressure p that wherein in heating chamber (11), exists
HAt least be large enough to make ratio p
0/ p
HBe less than or equal to the Bearing score ear-pressure proportional that is used for blanketing gas,
-one parallel to the axis (A) measured, the distance of the geometry at a kind of geometry that depends on area F, second contact (2) of being positioned at least so for a long time between narrow positions (6) and second arc contact (2) and expansion position (21) apart from d at interval in, the pressure p of existence in heating chamber (11)
HAt least be large enough to make ratio p
0/ p
HBe less than or equal to 1/4th of Bearing score ear-pressure proportional of being used for blanketing gas.
19. be used to break off the method for the high power switch that is full of with a kind of arc extinguishing gases, this high power switch has the insulation nozzle (5) that one first arc contact (1) and one second arc contact (2) and have a narrow positions (6), this method comprises the following steps:
-said two arc contacts (1,2) are separated from each other, light the electric arc (4) between said two arc contacts (1,2) thus, heat arc extinguishing gases through this electric arc, it is temporarily stored in a heating chamber (11) the inside;
-through arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) arc extinguishing gases is guided along an axis (A) through narrow positions (6) from heating chamber (11); And direct in the expansion position (21) that is connected on the narrow positions (6); Wherein narrow positions (6) have one perpendicular to axis (A), area is the cross section of F, this cross section is near expansion position (21);
-during this arc extinguishing gases stream (s3); Under the connection situation-wherein said arc extinguishing gases stream (s3; S4) can flow with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed partly; One parallel to the axis (A) measured, between the opposed facing end of narrow positions (6) and second arc contact (2) (s3 s4) at least partly can through-flow the same to remain on a kind of distance for a long time inner at interval with the velocity of sound or supersonic speed with making arc extinguishing gases stream at least apart from d;
-wherein said distance depends on the geometry of area F, second contact (2) and the geometry at expansion position (21) at interval, and wherein said distance provides at interval thus:
-on the one hand,, in expansion position (21), supply arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to have the area of F at least corresponding to a kind of distance down interval limit, and
-on the other hand, corresponding to a kind of distance limit at interval that goes up, in expansion position (21), supplying arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to have is at most the area of 4.5 * F.
20. method as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, in expansion position (21), supplies arc extinguishing gases stream (s3) through-flow cross section to have the area of 1.5xF at least.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04405526.7 | 2004-08-23 | ||
| EP04405526 | 2004-08-23 | ||
| PCT/CH2005/000432 WO2006021108A1 (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2005-07-22 | Heavy-duty circuit breaker |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101006539A CN101006539A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
| CN101006539B true CN101006539B (en) | 2012-10-10 |
Family
ID=34932247
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2005800286135A Active CN101006539B (en) | 2004-08-23 | 2005-07-22 | Large power switch |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101006539B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE112005001520A5 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2006021108A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009124582A1 (en) * | 2008-04-07 | 2009-10-15 | Abb Research Ltd | Gas-insulated high voltage switch |
| DE112013002015T5 (en) | 2012-04-11 | 2015-04-23 | Abb Technology Ag | breakers |
| EP2837011B1 (en) * | 2012-04-11 | 2017-06-14 | ABB Schweiz AG | Circuit breaker |
| DE102016105539A1 (en) * | 2016-03-24 | 2017-09-28 | Abb Schweiz Ag | Electrical power switching device |
| EP3503153B1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2021-09-01 | ABB Power Grids Switzerland AG | Gas-insulated high or medium voltage circuit breaker |
| DE102019206807A1 (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2020-11-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Medium voltage switch-disconnectors |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3842226A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1974-10-15 | K Yoon | Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle |
| US4341933A (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1982-07-27 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for extinguishing an electric arc in a circuit breaker |
| US4958052A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1990-09-18 | Mahieu William R | ARC severing and displacement method and apparatus for fault current interruption |
-
2005
- 2005-07-22 CN CN2005800286135A patent/CN101006539B/en active Active
- 2005-07-22 DE DE112005001520T patent/DE112005001520A5/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2005-07-22 WO PCT/CH2005/000432 patent/WO2006021108A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3842226A (en) * | 1970-02-06 | 1974-10-15 | K Yoon | Circuit interrupter using a double-throat nozzle |
| US4341933A (en) * | 1978-12-20 | 1982-07-27 | Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Ltd. | Method and apparatus for extinguishing an electric arc in a circuit breaker |
| US4958052A (en) * | 1989-02-14 | 1990-09-18 | Mahieu William R | ARC severing and displacement method and apparatus for fault current interruption |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112005001520A5 (en) | 2007-08-30 |
| WO2006021108A1 (en) | 2006-03-02 |
| CN101006539A (en) | 2007-07-25 |
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