CN100585089C - Downhole standard penetrometer - Google Patents
Downhole standard penetrometer Download PDFInfo
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- CN100585089C CN100585089C CN200810150814A CN200810150814A CN100585089C CN 100585089 C CN100585089 C CN 100585089C CN 200810150814 A CN200810150814 A CN 200810150814A CN 200810150814 A CN200810150814 A CN 200810150814A CN 100585089 C CN100585089 C CN 100585089C
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of downhole standard penetrometer, pass through head, pallet mechanism, weight mechanism, grab to take off to carry and draw mechanism and guiding mechanism is formed by mark, weight mechanism and grabbing takes off to carry and draws mechanism and all be encapsulated in the sealing duct, pallet mechanism is arranged on the sealing duct bottom inside, and weight mechanism draws mechanism and upwards promotes and take off automatically and do the movement of falling object and finally vertically act in the pallet mechanism in sealing duct after putting through grabbing to take off to carry; Grab to take off to carry and draw mechanism and take off device and forms by penetrating the pull bar in the sealing duct from top to bottom and being fixed on grabbing automatically of pull bar bottom, mark passes through and is installed in the sealing duct bottom outside; Guiding mechanism is the drilling rod that is installed on the pull bar; Drilling rod, grab to take off to carry and draw that head is passed through in mechanism, mark, pallet mechanism and weight mechanism are located along the same line successively from top to bottom.The present invention has eliminated the consumption of drilling rod to the drop impact energy, can carry out efficiency test in than deep stratum, and has reduced the requirement that bar is long and groundwater table is proofreaied and correct.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the geotechnical investigation technical field, especially relate to a kind of downhole standard penetrometer that is applicable in the standard penetration test.
Background technology
In the geotechnical investigation technical field, standard penetration test is a kind of very convenient and effective in-situ testing method, it is suitable for testing in the sand that can't take the original state sample, can determine the parameter such as compactness, modulus of deformation, bearing capacity of ground medium sand soil layer indirectly by this test, in addition, this test also can be used for the judgement of sand liquefaction.Standard penetrometer is an in-situ test equipment the most frequently used in the geotechnical investigation, and standard penetration test (SPT) is adapted at using in cohesive soil and the layer of sand; And in standard penetration test, its punching hammer is 63.5kg heavily, falls apart from being 76cm, is hollow section and pop one's head in.During test, the probe of standard penetrometer is connected the drilling rod bottom and at the bottom of the hole, guide rod with the punching hammer links to each other with the drilling rod top again, simultaneously the punching hammer is mentioned the height of 76cm, punching hammer is freely fallen, constantly repeat to test and write down the pop one's head in hammering number of the injection 30cm degree of depth of standard penetrometer.
Used mark passes through to hammer into shape and comprises types such as punching hammer, safety hammer and autoplugger in the existing standard penetration test method, and its jump bit is all being drilled more than the aperture in the operation process, and the impact force of jump bit is delivered to probe by drilling rod.That is to say, all operations outside the hole of existing jump bit, its diameter is big, highly little, weight 63.5kg.In the actual use, when hole depth is little, (be generally less than 20m), the loss of its drilling rod distortion impact power is less, and provides bar long and phreatic correction factor according to many standards, thereby revised result of the test is used to provide the ground parameter of ground.But, when hole depth is big, the distortion of drilling rod and and the loss of the friction impact power of drilling rod on hole wall very big, long during as bar for 25m, be 42mm by the standard drill pipe diameter Φ of test requirements document, draw ratio reaches 595, this moment, drilling rod was entirely flexible.In the use, drilling rod contact with the hole wall large tracts of land, thereby the impact force of most of transfers has been offset in the friction between drilling rod and the hole wall in case bending then is attached on the hole wall.Therefore, when hole depth surpassed 20m, existing standard penetration test did not have practical significance.
To sum up, the effective depth of existing standard penetration test is all in 20m, and for hole depth below 20m, then because to be used to transmit the drilling rod draw ratio of impact energy too big, most of energy loss makes standard penetration test not have practical significance on the friction between drilling rod distortion and drilling rod and the hole wall consumes.Thereby, at present very need pass through experimental technique and be improved existing moving spy and mark, make it can in deep formation, carry out efficiency test.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is at above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, a kind of downhole standard penetrometer is provided, its simple and reasonable for structure and use easy to operate, eliminated drilling rod to drop impact can consumption, can in the deep formation of arbitrary degree of depth, carry out efficiency test.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: a kind of downhole standard penetrometer, downhole standard penetrometer, pass through head, pallet mechanism, weight mechanism, grab to take off to carry and draw mechanism and guiding mechanism is formed by mark, it is characterized in that: described weight mechanism and grabbing takes off to carry and draws mechanism and all be encapsulated in the sealing duct, described pallet mechanism is arranged on the bottom inside of sealing duct, described weight mechanism through described grab to take off to carry draw mechanism and upwards promote and take off automatically and in sealing duct, do the movement of falling object and finally vertically act in the pallet mechanism after putting; Described grab to take off to carry draw mechanism and take off device and forms by penetrating the pull bar in the sealing duct from top to bottom and being fixed on grabbing automatically of pull bar bottom, described mark passes through a bottom outside that is installed in sealing duct; Described guiding mechanism is the drilling rod that is installed on the pull bar; Described drilling rod, grab to take off to carry and draw that head is passed through in mechanism, mark, pallet mechanism and weight mechanism are located along the same line successively from top to bottom.
Described pallet mechanism, weight mechanism and sealing duct are cylindrical structure, and the diameter of described weight mechanism is no more than 100mm.
Described sealing duct is a seamless steel pipe.
Described weight mechanism is for by seal casinghousing and be encapsulated in the jump bit that the plummet core in the described seal casinghousing is formed, and described seal casinghousing is by hammer body shell, hammer base and hammer the seat of honour into shape and form.
Describedly grab automatically that to take off device be automatic three-jaw clamping device, described automatic three-jaw clamping device is made up of automatic three-jaw corpus unguis and the automatic three-jaw that is installed in respectively on the automatic three-jaw corpus unguis, automatically the three-jaw corpus unguis is installed in the pull bar bottom, and described hammer seat of honour upper outside correspondence is provided with the depressed part that is used with the grapple of three-jaw automatically; The height of described sealing duct is corresponding with the height that described weight mechanism need promote, and described automatic three-jaw clamping device is promoted to automatic three-jaw clamping device with weight mechanism and takes off automatically after near the sealing duct top and put.
The top and the bottom of described sealing duct seal by sealing duct loam cake and sealing duct base respectively, seal up by the sealing telescoping tube in the part outside that described pull bar is positioned on the sealing duct, and the sealing telescoping tube is installed in and covers on the sealing duct and its top is sleeved on the pull bar; Described sealing telescoping tube arranged outside is set with a waterproof steel pipe.
The external diameter of described waterproof steel pipe and sealing duct identical and the two adopt engage thread to connect.
Described sealing duct base below is provided with mark and passes through a connector, and described mark passes through head and passes through a connector by mark and be installed in sealing duct base bottom; , described seal casinghousing by the hammer body shell and be separately positioned on hammer body shell top and the bottom the hammer seat of honour and the hammer base form.
Described mark passes through head and passes through between the connector with mark and to be connected threadably.
Connect threadably between described pull bar and the drilling rod.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages, 1, simple and reasonable for structure and use easy to operate, test gained data are accurate; 2, will have mark now and pass through hammer in the aperture moves to the hole, and eliminate the consumption of drilling rod, thereby can in than deep stratum, carry out efficiency test, and reduce the requirement that bar is long and groundwater table is proofreaied and correct the drop impact energy; 3, applicable surface is extensive, be equally applicable to underwater test and test effect is good, by being that jump bit sealing is with the phreatic resistance of effective eliminating with weight mechanism, it is that seamless steel pipe seals that the active segment of its underpart jump bit adopts sealing duct, promptly grab on seamless steel pipe top to take off and carry the top of drawing mechanism and promote section and adopt a telescopic elastic seal cartridge to seal up, simultaneously, because hydraulic pressure is bigger, install a waterproof steel cylinder additional in the elastic seal cartridge outside, this waterproof steel cylinder adopts engage thread to be connected with sealing duct with diameter and the two, and this waterproof steel cylinder is mainly used in and reduces the compression shock of water to elastic seal cartridge; 4, the scope of application is extensive, with mark pass through the head change the heavy dynamic penetration head into after, also be used for doing heavy dynamic penetration test, thereby have stronger practicality and generalization at layer of sand, layer of gravel and boulder bed.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
The 1-mark passes through a connector; 2-sealing duct base; 3-hammering base;
4-hammers base into shape; 5-hammer body shell; 6-plummet core;
The 7-sealing duct; 8-hammers the seat of honour into shape; The automatic three-jaw corpus unguis of 9-;
The automatic three-jaw of 10-; The 11-pull bar; 12-sealing duct loam cake;
13-waterproof steel pipe; 14-seals telescoping tube; The 15-drilling rod;
The 16-mark passes through head.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is passed through head, pallet mechanism, weight mechanism, is grabbed to take off to carry and draw mechanism and guiding mechanism is formed by mark, and wherein, weight mechanism and grabbing takes off to carry and draws mechanism and all be encapsulated in the sealing duct 7, and pallet mechanism is arranged on the bottom inside of sealing duct 7.Described weight mechanism through described grab to take off to carry draw mechanism and upwards promote and take off automatically and in sealing duct 7, do the movement of falling object and finally vertically act in the pallet mechanism after putting; Draw mechanism and take off device and forms by penetrating the pull bar 11 in the sealing duct 7 from top to bottom and being fixed on grabbing automatically of pull bar 11 bottoms and grab to take off to carry, described mark passes through a bottom outside that is installed in sealing duct 7; Described guiding mechanism is the drilling rod 15 that is installed on the pull bar 11, and connects threadably between pull bar 11 and the drilling rod 15, its drilling rod 15 directly and rig join; Described drilling rod 15, grab to take off to carry and draw that head is passed through in mechanism, mark, pallet mechanism and weight mechanism are located along the same line successively from top to bottom, to guarantee what weight mechanism finally vertically pounded in its underpart.In the present embodiment, described pallet mechanism, weight mechanism and sealing duct 7 are cylindrical structure pallet mechanism.
Described weight mechanism is for by seal casinghousing made of iron and be encapsulated in the jump bit that the plummet core 6 in the described seal casinghousing is formed, and described seal casinghousing is by hammer body shell 5 and be separately positioned on the hammer seat of honour 8 of hammer body shell 5 top and the bottom and hammer base 4 into shape and form.It is that automatic decoupling device is automatic three-jaw clamping device that grabbing automatically of being adopted taken off device, this automatic three-jaw clamping device is made up of automatic three-jaw corpus unguis 9 and the automatic three-jaw 10 that is installed in respectively on the automatic three-jaw corpus unguis 9, automatically three-jaw corpus unguis 9 is installed in pull bar 11 bottoms, and the described hammer seat of honour 8 upper outside correspondences are provided with the depressed part that is used with the grapple of three-jaw 10 automatically.
Described sealing duct 7 is a seamless steel pipe, and the height of described seamless steel pipe and weight mechanism are that the hoisting depth of jump bit is corresponding, the top and the bottom of seamless steel pipe seal by sealing duct loam cake 12 and sealing duct base 2 respectively, and it is to take off automatically behind the sealing duct loam cake 12 to put near sealing duct 7 tops that described automatic three-jaw clamping device is promoted to automatic three-jaw clamping device with weight mechanism.Seal up to prevent that water from infiltrating sealing duct 7 by sealing telescoping tube 14 in the part outside that described pull bar 11 is positioned on the seamless steel pipe, and sealing telescoping tube 14 is installed on the sealing duct loam cake 12 and its top is sleeved on the pull bar 11.In addition, sealing telescoping tube 14 arranged outside are set with a waterproof steel pipe 13, the external diameter of this waterproof steel pipe 13 and sealing duct 7 identical and the two adopt engage thread to connect, the effect of waterproof steel pipe 13 is to prevent that extraneous hydraulic pressure from will seal the telescoping tube flattening.Sealing duct base 2 belows are provided with mark and pass through a connector 1, and described mark passes through head and passes through a connector 1 by mark and be installed in sealing duct base 2 bottoms, and mark passes through head and passes through between the connector 1 with mark and be connected threadably.Described pallet mechanism is the hammering base 3 that is installed on the sealing duct base 2.In actual application, also described mark can be passed through head and be changed to the heavy dynamic penetration head, can do heavy dynamic penetration test so that the present invention is useful in layer of sand, layer of gravel and the boulder bed like this.
To sum up, the present invention is that jump bit moves under the hole with weight mechanism, and it is that the standard penetration device probe still adopts existing equipment that mark passes through head, and its improvements are: existing mark passes through all operations outside the hole of jump bit of hammer, and its diameter is big, highly little, and weight is 63.5kg; And used jump bit is to hammer into shape under the hole owing to be positioned under the hole among the present invention, then its diameter will reduce, general employing diameter is the boring aperture of 129mm in the practice, thereby the diameter that the hole is hammered into shape down should not surpass 100mm, because the diameter of jump bit reduces, the then corresponding increase of its length, weight still keep 63.5kg constant.Because the hole diameter of hammer down reduces, thereby its length is increased, and is long for fear of the length of cylinder hammer body, adopts plumbous counterweight in the hammer body.Because the existing jump bit of the center of gravity of jump bit changes to some extent, thereby calculate by mechanical analysis and through theory, determine the jump bit distance that reasonably falls, determine that the fall constraints of distance of jump bit is that the impact energy of hammer under the hole of the present invention equates with the impact energy that existing aperture is hammered into shape, can guarantee that like this, also two kinds of result of the tests have comparativity.In the present embodiment, the distance that falls of selected jump bit is 76cm.
The course of work of the present invention is: during test, will test soil layer with drilling tool earlier and be drilled into the above 0.15m of hole depth absolute altitude place, and remove surflaes again; Before injection of the present invention, tighten the jointing of drilling rod 15 and pull bar 11 earlier, again this downhole standard penetrometer is put into the hole, with at the bottom of avoiding impact opening; Adopt automatic drop weight method to test then.That is to say, earlier by the drilling rod 15 that is threaded with the present invention and put into the hole, and on the drilling rod 15 in aperture, mark, so that record is driven into the degree of depth.Test is initial, it is jump bit is connected and is positioned at sealing duct 7 by automatic three-jaw 10 and pull bar 11 bottom that mark passes through hammer, because the hammer seat of honour 8 upper outside correspondences of jump bit are provided with the depressed part that is used with the grapple of three-jaw 10 automatically, thereby the automatic three-jaw 10 of three-jaw clamping device moves downward the automatic coupling operation of the hammer of then conveniently realizing liquidating automatically; When on-test, mark passes through hammer and is raised by the pull bar 11 that is connected with drilling rod 15, drilling rod 15 and pull bar 11 are by being threaded herein, when to be promoted to 76cm highly be rationally falling of being calculated apart from the time, because the distance that promptly falls that the height of described sealing duct 7 and described weight mechanism are height that jump bit need promote is corresponding, thereby three-jaw 10 tops contact and are compressed with the inside top of sealing duct 7 automatically, thereby moved laterally in the lower end of automatic three-jaw 10, thereby realize the liquidate automatically-unhooked operation of hammer of automatic three-jaw clamping device; After the unhook, mark passes through hammer and comes off and realizes the motion of dropping hammer automatically, and mark passes through hammer and falls and pound on hammering base 3, thereby popping one's head in promptly to mark by the standard penetration device that hammering base 3 reaches the below with the hammer force power of jump bit passes through on the head.
After once dropping hammer, pull bar 11 moves downward with drilling rod 15, and this moment, the three-jaw clamping device also utilized its action of gravity automatically, and by axis designs automatic recovery state.In this process, automatically automatic three-jaw corpus unguis 9 is departed from the upper end of three-jaw 10, and the lower end is near three-jaw corpus unguis 9 automatically accordingly, and mark passes through hammer and mentioned again thus, and carries out the motion of dropping hammer automatically next time; So constantly back and forth.In the experimentation, according to the mark on the aperture drilling rod 15, the mark that record whenever is driven into 10cm passes through and hits number is hammer number; Being driven into altogether behind the 30cm is termination test.After treating that test is finished, promote drilling rod 15, propose penetrator, and get that soil sample in the penetrator is differentiated, description, record, measure soil sample length simultaneously.In entire test, in order to prevent that effectively current from infiltrating sealing duct 7, install sealing telescoping tube 14 additional on sealing duct 7 tops, simultaneously at sealing telescoping tube 14 outside suit waterproof steel pipes 13, thereby effectively prevent the extruding of water pressure to sealing telescoping tube 14, thereby inner sealing telescoping tube 14 plays sealing function simultaneously, the infiltration of anti-sealing once more.
The above; it only is preferred embodiment of the present invention; be not that the present invention is imposed any restrictions, everyly any simple modification that above embodiment did, change and equivalent structure changed, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention according to the technology of the present invention essence.
Claims (10)
1. downhole standard penetrometer, pass through head, pallet mechanism, weight mechanism, grab to take off to carry and draw mechanism and guiding mechanism is formed by mark, it is characterized in that: described weight mechanism and grabbing takes off to carry and draws mechanism and all be encapsulated in the sealing duct (7), described pallet mechanism is arranged on the bottom inside of sealing duct (7), described weight mechanism through described grab to take off to carry draw mechanism and upwards promote and take off automatically and in sealing duct (7), do the movement of falling object and finally vertically act in the pallet mechanism after putting; Described grab to take off to carry draw mechanism and take off device and forms by penetrating the pull bar (11) in the sealing duct (7) from top to bottom and being fixed on grabbing automatically of pull bar (11) bottom, described mark passes through a bottom outside that is installed in sealing duct (7); Described guiding mechanism is for being installed in the drilling rod (15) on the pull bar (11); Described drilling rod (15), grab to take off to carry and draw that head is passed through in mechanism, mark, pallet mechanism and weight mechanism are located along the same line successively from top to bottom.
2. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described pallet mechanism, weight mechanism and sealing duct (7) are cylindrical structure, and the diameter of described weight mechanism is no more than 100mm.
3. according to claim 1 or 2 described downhole standard penetrometers, it is characterized in that: described sealing duct (7) is a seamless steel pipe.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 described downhole standard penetrometers, it is characterized in that: described weight mechanism is for by seal casinghousing and be encapsulated in the jump bit that the plummet core (6) in the described seal casinghousing is formed, and described seal casinghousing is by hammer body shell (5) and be separately positioned on the hammer seat of honour (8) of hammer body shell (5) top and the bottom and hammer base (4) into shape and form.
5. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 4, it is characterized in that: describedly grab automatically that to take off device be automatic three-jaw clamping device, described automatic three-jaw clamping device is made up of automatic three-jaw corpus unguis (9) and the automatic three-jaw (10) that is installed in respectively on the automatic three-jaw corpus unguis (9), automatically three-jaw corpus unguis (9) is installed in pull bar (11) bottom, and the described hammer seat of honour (8) upper outside correspondence is provided with the depressed part that is used with the grapple of three-jaw (10) automatically; The height of described sealing duct (7) is corresponding with the height that described weight mechanism need promote, and described automatic three-jaw clamping device is promoted to automatic three-jaw clamping device with weight mechanism and takes off automatically after near sealing duct (7) top and put.
6. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 5, it is characterized in that: the top and the bottom of described sealing duct (7) seal by sealing duct loam cake (12) and sealing duct base (2) respectively, seal up by sealing telescoping tube (14) in the part outside that described pull bar (11) is positioned on the sealing duct (7), and sealing telescoping tube (14) is installed on the sealing duct loam cake (12) and its top is sleeved on the pull bar (11); Described sealing telescoping tube (14) arranged outside is set with a waterproof steel pipe (13).
7. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the external diameter of described waterproof steel pipe (13) and sealing duct (7) identical and the two adopt engage thread to connect.
8. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 6, it is characterized in that: described sealing duct base (2) below is provided with mark and passes through a connector (1), and described mark passes through head and passes through a connector (1) by mark and be installed in sealing duct base (2) bottom; Described pallet mechanism is for being installed in the hammering base (3) on the sealing duct base (2).
9. according to the described downhole standard penetrometer of claim 8, it is characterized in that: described mark passes through head and passes through between the connector (1) with mark and to be connected threadably.
10. according to claim 1 or 2 described downhole standard penetrometers, it is characterized in that: connect threadably between described pull bar (11) and the drilling rod (15).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150814A CN100585089C (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | Downhole standard penetrometer |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150814A CN100585089C (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | Downhole standard penetrometer |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101349050A CN101349050A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
| CN100585089C true CN100585089C (en) | 2010-01-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150814A Expired - Fee Related CN100585089C (en) | 2008-09-05 | 2008-09-05 | Downhole standard penetrometer |
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| CN (1) | CN100585089C (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102002933B (en) * | 2010-11-12 | 2012-08-29 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | Method for detecting compression modulus Es of red clay by standard penetration test (SPT) count N |
| CN102175713A (en) * | 2010-12-25 | 2011-09-07 | 浙江理工大学 | Method and device for detecting thermal physical parameters of rock through press-in in-site delamination |
| CN102818018A (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2012-12-12 | 烟台艾迪精密机械股份有限公司 | Impact piston and hydraulic breaking hammer with same |
| CN106436674B (en) * | 2016-11-03 | 2018-07-13 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | It is a kind of that the liquefied method of sand gravel layer is differentiated using standard penetration test (SPT) |
| CN106950089B (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2023-08-18 | 中国电力工程顾问集团中南电力设计院有限公司 | Automatic and manual hammering device and method for large compaction instrument |
| CN107965309B (en) * | 2017-11-21 | 2021-06-25 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司 | Impact simulation mechanism and impact simulation method for drilling operation |
| CN216110695U (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-03-22 | 上海勘察设计研究院(集团)有限公司 | Cabled light in-situ test system while drilling |
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2008
- 2008-09-05 CN CN200810150814A patent/CN100585089C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101349050A (en) | 2009-01-21 |
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