CN100582580C - System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water - Google Patents
System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water Download PDFInfo
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- CN100582580C CN100582580C CN200810150327A CN200810150327A CN100582580C CN 100582580 C CN100582580 C CN 100582580C CN 200810150327 A CN200810150327 A CN 200810150327A CN 200810150327 A CN200810150327 A CN 200810150327A CN 100582580 C CN100582580 C CN 100582580C
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- water
- boiler
- pipeline
- blowdown
- reduce
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses a system adopting boiler blow-off water to realize the energy-saving and emission-reducing of grate-firing boilers. The system of the invention recycles the boiler blow-off water; the blow-off water is partially vaporized by a continuous blowdown flash tank, and the vaporized steam is injected into a furnace in a comparable four-angle tangential circle way to effectively form an flue gas dynamic field and to prolong the stay time of flue gas in the boiler so as to enhance the burn-off rate, reduce the blackness of exhaust smoke and thickness of exhaust dust, and also reduce the heat loss caused by chemical incomplete combustion; the boiler blow-off water which is not vaporized is injected into the hot coal layer from above a grate, the injection water quantity of each combustion zone is controlled according to the combustion condition of the coal layer above the grate, and a series of reactions happen between water and coal so as to reduce the heat loss caused by mechanical incomplete combustion and enhance the heating efficiency of the boiler; and the alkaline blow-off water reacts with SO2 to reduce the SO2 emission from the flue gas.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the environment-friendly highly efficient combustion system, particularly a kind of utilize boiler blowdown water as accelerating agent and desulfurizing agent to realize the system of grate firing boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction.
Background technology
Industrial Boiler is the big power consumer of China, and nearly 500,000, about 400,000,000 tons of annual consumption coal accounts for 1/3rd of national raw coal output.Industrial boilers in China is based on grate firing at present, and based on chain grate boiler, design efficiency is generally between 72%～80%, but boiler thermal output only is about 60% during actual motion, the boiler thermal output that has even be less than 50%, energy waste is quite serious, and every year is many in vain with coal-fired about 6,000 ten thousand tons.And pollutant emission is higher, and the annual smoke discharge amount of industrial boilers in China is about 600～8,000,000 tons, accounts for 33% of China's flue dust total release; SO
2About 500～6,000,000 tons of discharge capacity accounts for 21% of national total release.Operating load is low, and boiler efficiency is low, SO
2Discharge capacity is big, and atmosphere pollution seriously is the subject matter that China's coal-burned industrial boiler exists.
In following considerable time, coal-burned industrial boiler will be the leading products of industrial boilers in China.Along with the variation of energy supply structure, improving constantly of environmental requirement adopts efficient, energy-conservation, the low contaminated industry boiler of clean fuel and clean combustion technology will become inexorable trend.
(1) in order to reduce SO
2Discharging, can use some flue gas desulfurization devices, but cost of investment that desulfur technology is used and operating cost is comparatively speaking than higher, thereby causes the promotion and application of flue gas desulfurization technique on Industrial Boiler also not general, and is particularly serious aspect miniature boiler.Therefore, seek a kind of simple and effective sulfur method and be very important, analyze theoretically, the alkaline discharge water of boiler can play certain desulfidation.Boiler blowdown water is meant from the alkaline waste water in the boiler upper drum, general boiler all be direct pH value between 11～14, its main component is NaOH, its meeting and SO
xFollowing reaction takes place:
SO
2+2NaOH→Na
2SO
3+H
2O
SO
3+2NaOH→Na
2SO
4+H
2O
As can be seen, boiler blowdown water has the effect of desulfurization.Boiler blowdown water accounts for about 5% of boiler total evaporation, all in line trench for general grate firing boiler, according to the regulation that among the GB8978-1996 " integrated wastewater discharge standard " is 6～9 in line sewage PH, the pH value of boiler blowdown water is too high, environmental pollution will be caused, and the waste of energy and resource can be caused.Utilize the method for sewer desulfurization to mainly contain two kinds: a kind of is that sewer is added in the dedusting water of deduster, and another kind is in flue, and the principle according to handing over jet, gas-vapour to mix sprays into sewer in the flue with special nozzle respectively, with the SO in the flue gas
xReact, reach the purpose that purifies flue gas and sulphur removal.But these two kinds of methods all are to transform on the basis of original dust-removal and desulfurizing equipment, for the medium small boiler that does not have these equipment, carry out desulfurization as using sewer, then equipment investment is very big, also is difficult to economically accept concerning the medium small boiler user.
(2) in order to improve the thermal efficiency of boiler, energy savings can be utilized the short combustion of water vapour, promptly spray into a certain amount of water vapour in the grate furnace primary zone, chemical reaction can take place with C after getting involved the interior scorching hot primary zone of the stove that is moving boiler in water vapour, generates water-gas CO and H
2:
2C+O
2——2CO
2
C+CO
2——2CO
C+H
2O (gas)---CO+H
2
CO+H
2+O
2——CO
2+H
2O
Because in the course of reaction of water vapour and carbon, the volume of product increases, the coal seam of can loosening, the reaction table area of increase carbon can obviously reduce the phosphorus content of slag.In addition, solid carbon and steam reaction produce water-gas CO+H
2Make the gas-solid two-phase chemical combustion on original coal-fired surface react the gas-gas homogeneous chemistry combustion reaction that is converted into furnace inner space, this has improved coal-fired combustion velocity and combustion equivalent greatly, can improve the flame combustion temperature, and the combustion space forms the very big detonation reaction of equivalent, destroyed the inorganic salts duricrust on the burnt surface of grain, the burnt kernel of grain is exposed, it is effectively mixed with space gas, improved the physical condition that combustion reaction is effectively carried out, increased the clean-burning chance of various combustibles, the heat loss of imperfect solid combustion of fuel is significantly reduced.Because gas-gas homogeneous reaction ratio is easier to, and has improved the combustion chemistry reaction rate, also can reduce excess air factor simultaneously, thereby reduce the heat loss due to exhaust gas of boiler, improved boiler thermal output.
But the general water vapour that utilizes is urged the combustion system, need draw saturated vapor or superheated steam from drum, and steam leads to the fire grate below and enters burner hearth with a wind.Thereby can waste the resource and the energy of this part steam, and steam has radiation loss in transmission course, be difficult for entering in the burner hearth by fire grate thereby might be liquefied as water.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome above-mentioned prior art deficiency, propose a kind of system that boiler blowdown water is realized the grate firing boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction that uses, this system can improve the thermal efficiency of boiler, cuts down the consumption of energy, and reaches the effect that reduces pollutant emission.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Drum is connected with the continuous blowdown waterpipe, the continuous blowdown waterpipe links to each other with the continuous blowdown flash vessel, the continuous blowdown flash vessel links to each other with saturation water pipeline, water vapour pipeline, blowdown Residue extraction pipeline respectively, the nozzle sets of saturation water pipeline and fire grate top links to each other, and the water vapour pipeline links to each other with steam jet in being arranged on furnace cavity.
Be connected with main inlet control valve between drum and the continuous blowdown flash vessel.
The saturation water pipeline is successively by behind the control valve I, Pressure gauge, spinner flowmeter, link to each other with the nozzle sets of fire grate top.
Steam jet is arranged in the mode of quadrangle tangential circle, forms quadrangle tangential circle.
Be connected control valve II between water vapour pipeline and the steam jet.
The blowdown Residue extraction pipeline connects sewer and handles pipeline through control valve III.
The present invention utilizes boiler blowdown water to replace water vapour as accelerating agent, and water sprays into red-hot coal seam, can be gasificated into water vapour rapidly, the coal seam of can loosening, the reaction table area of increase carbon; Quench and microexplosion reaction can take place with after scorching hot coal seam contacts in water, can make grieshoch crackle occur or comes off, and inner not combustion coke surface reveals, and has increased the surface area with gas reaction greatly; A large amount of inflammable gases that a large amount of water vapours that produce after the aqueous vaporization and water gas reaction produce, not only the flow field in the burner hearth there is stronger perturbation action, make burning more abundant, and a large amount of fuel gas enter into furnace cavity and burn rapidly, improved fire box temperature, unburned carbon is black to significantly reduce with unburned carbon in flue dust, and not only boiler efficiency has obtained further raising, and has the remarkable result that the elimination boiler emits " black smoke ".
Boiler blowdown water sprays into from fire grate top, can guarantee that the water that sprays into all enters burner hearth and contacts with the coal seam, and the water vapour that has overcome existing spray vapour system condenses under fire grate, and the part condensate water can not enter the problem of burner hearth.
According to the combustion position in coal seam, fire grate top, the injection flow rate of different combustion phases has been carried out regulating control, for the vigorous primary zone section of burning, it is more to spray water, and for warm-up phase and after-flame stage, does not spray water or sprays water less.
In burner hearth inner tissue smoke power field.Behind the sewer process decompression and expansion device, the saturation water of part HTHP can be vaporized, water vapour after the vaporization sprays in the burner hearth at a certain angle, form imaginary quadrangle tangential circle, the suspension Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas olid body of furnace cavity is formed in burner hearth to rotatablely move, strengthened the abundant hybrid perturbation of Furnace Aerodynamic Field on the one hand, increased the time of staying of flue gas in stove on the other hand, thereby it is quick to set up suspension combustible (gaseous state and solid-state combustible), clean-burning physical condition, combustible is further burnt, thereby can improve the burn-off rate of imflammable gas and solid, reduce heat loss due to unburned gas, reduce oke exhaust blackness.
By the design of above several respects, utilize boiler blowdown water to realize that the system of grate firing boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction utilizes the short combustion system of water vapour to compare with general, has the following advantages:
(1) " ash bag carbon " phenomenon is reduced in loose coal seam.Water is with after red-hot coal seam contacts, Quench and microexplosion reaction can take place, the coal seam of can loosening, and be easy to generate surperficial grieshoch crackle or grieshoch is peeled off, inner carbon reveals, and reduces " ash bag carbon " phenomenon, increase the reaction table area of carbon, make the easier abundant reaction of carbon, thereby reduce heat loss due to combustibles in refuse, further improved boiler thermal output.
(2) disturbance of reinforcement stream field.Water is sprayed onto gasification rapidly behind the red-hot coal seam, produces steam, and gas in the burner hearth and suspension are had stronger perturbation action, makes in the flow field each material mixing ratio more even, and it is more abundant to burn.
(3) reduce heat loss due to unburned gas, reduce oke exhaust blackness and dust exhausting concentration.Utilize the steam after the HTHP saturation water gasifies to spray in the burner hearth, form imaginary quadrangle tangential circle, organized smoke power field in the burner hearth effectively, strengthen turbulence and the mixing of flue gas stream in furnace cavity, the time of staying of prolong smoke in stove, the burn-off rate of gaseous state and solid-state combustible is improved, thereby reduces heat loss due to unburned gas, reduce oke exhaust blackness and dust exhausting concentration.
(4) reduce SO
2Discharging, alkalescence boiler blowdown water meeting and SO
xReact, generate sulfuric acid based salt, thereby reduce SO in the flue gas
2Discharging, have desulfurized effect.
(5) recycle resource and energy, reduced sewage emissions.Boiler blowdown water is the HTHP saturation water of alkalescence, and general boiler all is directly to enter trench, not only can waste big energy, and can pollute environment.As accelerating agent, not only can utilize the heat of HTHP sewer, and can reduce the pollution of sewage discharge, improve boiler thermal output environment to boiler blowdown water, energy savings, the real realization turned waste into wealth.
In sum, native system has been recycled the resource energy of boiler blowdown water; Improve boiler thermal output, energy savings; And the reduction oke exhaust blackness, reduce SO
2And sewage emissions; Reached energy-conservation and double effects environmental protection, met national policy and require and market demand, very wide market application prospect has been arranged.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a system diagram of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing content of the present invention is described in further detail.
The specific embodiment
Shown in accompanying drawing, continuous blowdown waterpipe 2 behind the main inlet control valve 3, links to each other with continuous blowdown flash vessel 4.Link to each other with saturation water pipeline 5, water vapour pipeline 11, blowdown Residue extraction pipeline 16 respectively behind this flash vessel.
Saturation water pipeline 5 is successively by control valve I6, and Pressure gauge 7 behind the spinner flowmeter 8, links to each other with the nozzle sets 9 of fire grate top.
Water vapour pipeline 11 is by control valve II 12, links to each other with steam jet 13 in being arranged on furnace cavity 14, and steam jet is arranged in the mode that is similar to quadrangle tangential circle, can form imaginary quadrangle tangential circle 15.
Blowdown Residue extraction pipeline 16 leads to original sewer and handles pipeline 18 through control valve III 17.
For 10t/h and above boiler, the continuous blowdown pipe is all arranged, and operated by rotary motion is 80mm～100mm place under boiler steamdrum ordinary water level, and sewer is the saturation water of HTHP, therefore do not need extra power just can pass through pipeline, the available adjustment valve is regulated the sewer flow of each several part.
Boiler blowdown water by continuous blowdown waterpipe 2, through behind the main inlet control valve 3, arrives continuous blowdown flash vessel 4 from drum 1, because the flash vessel internal pressure is than low in the drum, partial gasification can take place the saturation water of HTHP.Water vapour after the gasification passes through water vapour pipeline 11 through control valve II 12, spray into furnace cavity 14 by steam jet 13, spray into about 500mm place, fire grate top greatly, steam jet 13 is arranged in the mode that is similar to quadrangle tangential circle on four angles of front-back wall, can be formed imaginary quadrangle tangential circle 15.So just can effectively organize the inner flue gas of the stove flow field, strengthen turbulence and the mixing of flue gas stream in furnace cavity, the time of staying of prolong smoke in stove, reach the raising burn-off rate, reduce heat loss due to unburned gas, reduce the purpose of oke exhaust blackness and dust exhausting concentration.
The saturation water that does not have gasification in the continuous blowdown flash vessel, by saturation water pipeline 5, through control valve I 6, Pressure gauge 7 behind the spinner flowmeter 8, is divided into two-way, respectively from spraying into the coal seam of fire grate top between the front water wall of boiler and the rear water wall.Nozzle sets 9 is arranged in the water-cooling wall rear, and is too high to prevent fire box temperature, burns nozzle.After sewer sprays into red-hot coal seam, series reaction can take place, thereby can increase substantially boiler thermal output, reduce coal consumption, energy savings reduces oke exhaust blackness and dust exhausting concentration, reduces the discharging of SO2 in the flue gas; And recycled most of boiler blowdown water, reduced heat waste and, realized energy-conservation and the double effects that reduces discharging the pollution of environment.
In the bottom of continuous blowdown flash vessel the blowdown delivery port is set, because contain impurity such as suspension, grain slag and other deposit in the boiler blowdown water, if direct injection, might plug nozzle.Sewer is through the precipitation in flash vessel, and impurity can pass through the delivery port blowdown.This part contains the sewer of a large amount of impurity through control valve III 17, leads to original sewer and handles pipeline.
In service in practical operation, can by the adjusting of each valve, control the flow of each several part according to combustion case, to reach the purpose of optimized running.
Claims (6)
1, uses the system that boiler blowdown water is realized the grate firing boiler energy-saving and emission-reduction, it is characterized in that, drum (1) is connected with continuous blowdown waterpipe (2), continuous blowdown waterpipe (2) links to each other with continuous blowdown flash vessel (4), continuous blowdown flash vessel (4) links to each other with saturation water pipeline (5), water vapour pipeline (11), blowdown Residue extraction pipeline (16) respectively, saturation water pipeline (5) links to each other with the nozzle sets (9) of fire grate (10) top, and water vapour pipeline (11) steam jet (13) interior with being arranged on furnace cavity (14) links to each other.
2, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is connected with main inlet control valve (3) between drum (1) and the continuous blowdown flash vessel (4).
3, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, saturation water pipeline (5) is successively by control valve I (6), and Pressure gauge (7) behind the spinner flowmeter (8), links to each other with the nozzle sets (9) of fire grate (10) top.
4, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, steam jet (13) is arranged in the mode of quadrangle tangential circle, forms quadrangle tangential circle (15).
5, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, is connected control valve II (12) between water vapour pipeline (11) and the steam jet (13).
6, system according to claim 1 is characterized in that, blowdown Residue extraction pipeline (16) connects sewer and handles pipeline (18) through control valve III (17).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150327A CN100582580C (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150327A CN100582580C (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101329069A CN101329069A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| CN100582580C true CN100582580C (en) | 2010-01-20 |
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ID=40205002
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200810150327A Expired - Fee Related CN100582580C (en) | 2008-07-11 | 2008-07-11 | System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080820A (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-06-01 | 西安交大思源科技股份有限公司 | Optimal energy-saving control method for surface pollution discharge of steam boiler |
-
2008
- 2008-07-11 CN CN200810150327A patent/CN100582580C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102080820A (en) * | 2011-01-06 | 2011-06-01 | 西安交大思源科技股份有限公司 | Optimal energy-saving control method for surface pollution discharge of steam boiler |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101329069A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
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Assignee: DALIAN SENYA ENERGY ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION EQUIPMENT CO., LTD. Assignor: Xi'an Jiaotong University Contract record no.: 2011610000199 Denomination of invention: System for implementing grate firing boiler energy saving and discharge reduction by boiler blowdown water Granted publication date: 20100120 License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20081224 Record date: 20111027 |
|
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20100120 Termination date: 20120711 |