CN100580149C - Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated template - Google Patents
Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated template Download PDFInfo
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- CN100580149C CN100580149C CN200710025121A CN200710025121A CN100580149C CN 100580149 C CN100580149 C CN 100580149C CN 200710025121 A CN200710025121 A CN 200710025121A CN 200710025121 A CN200710025121 A CN 200710025121A CN 100580149 C CN100580149 C CN 100580149C
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Abstract
This invention discloses method and apparatus for producing metal component by laminated molded electro-deposition technique. The method comprises: performing layered die cutting on complex component, placing in an electro-deposition system, and performing layered electro-deposition to obtain metal component with required shape. This invention solves the problems of high apparatus investment and high cost faced by the present technique. The produced metal component has such advantages as complex structure, high compactness, good inside structure, and high precision. This invention has such advantages as low apparatus cost and easy operation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of special processing technology and equipment thereof, the method and the device of metal parts, specifically a kind of method and device that utilizes electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts are made in especially a kind of laminated form board galvanic deposit.
Background technology
In the mechanical manufacturing field, some precision metallic parts with complex construction be can't adopt traditional car, mill, method such as plane, mill makes.The method that can be used for directly making the complex construction metal parts at present mainly concentrates on some quick forming methods, promptly utilizes the manufacture method of successively piling up to realize the acquisition of complex construction.For example: the three-dimensional molding method (SLA) of laser, laminated solid body manufacturing (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), fusion sediment manufacturing (FDM), selective laser fusing (SLM) etc.SLA, LOM mainly obtain by indirect method when making metal parts, and---investment cast, lost foam casting, thermospray etc.---obtain part to be prototype.SLS, FDM can also be directly except described roundabout process some low-melting metal partss of preparation, also can adopt composite particles is the material preparation sintered part, and makes further sintering processes or the metallic cementation processing obtains metal parts.SLM can directly make metal parts, do not need processing such as metallic cementation, but production efficiency is lower.Aforesaid method mainly exist equipment drop into huge, can't directly prepare deficiencies such as complicated shape precision, compact metal part.
The electro-deposition method that relates to galvanic deposit shaping thought at present mainly contains following three aspects.The one, the characteristics of galvanoplastics reproducible mandrel surface pattern are expanded to fine manufacturing field, developed the template electric-sedimentation technology that in recent years, can be used for preparing the simple metal structure of micro/nano-scale; Another then utilizes electroplating technology, has mentioned the preparation method of electrodeposition pattern in the patent 94108573.2, can prepare the metal electrodeposition pattern of 20-300 μ m; Also have one then to be that selectivity is sprayed electro-deposition techniques, proposed among the patent CN00133282.1 metal selectively to be deposited, form the structural metal part with the method that selectivity is sprayed.The template electric-sedimentation thought of preceding two methods mainly concentrate on to surface or fine three-dimensional template duplicate the deposition aspect, can't prepare large-sized complex construction metal parts.The third method has then embodied the thought of piling up by point → face → body, can carry out the metal parts preparation of complex construction; But, be difficult to the higher metal parts of preparation precision because the controllability of the injection stream of metal deposition process and range of deposition is relatively poor; Simultaneously, owing to be the deposition process of single-point, sedimentation effect greatly reduces.This shows, utilize the metal electrodeposition principle, aforesaid method can carry out the preparation of certain form metal structure, but does not also have a kind of method can prepare large-size, complex structure, the higher metal parts of precision fast.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at adopting the three-dimensional molding method (SLA) of laser in the existing complicated shape manufacturing, laminated solid body is made (LOM), selective laser sintering (SLS), fusion sediment is made (FDM), it is huge to exist equipment to drop into during selective laser fusing (SLM) technology, can't directly prepare the complicated shape precision, the problem of compact metal part, and existing electro-deposition techniques can only carry out the problem that two dimension pattern plate or fine three-dimensional template deposition can't obtain large size complex profile metal parts, invents a kind of any complicated shape that can directly produce, has high-compactness, the electro-deposition techniques that utilizes of the metal parts of good mechanical properties such as high strength and high precision is directly made the method and the device of metal parts.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of method of utilizing electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, it is characterized in that: the solid modelling of at first designing metal parts with the CAD modeling software, save as n after the cad file process section software processes with the solid modelling form then and cut number of plies control file, cutting behind the single hierarchic path information input cutting machine is made n cut a layer template, the first layer is installed on the base stage on the cathode tray of the galvanic deposit shaping system that has cathode tray and anode tray to be cut layer template and carries out metal electrodeposition, when the first layer is cut after layer template deposition finishes, earlier anode tray is moved out to the anode tray workplatform, then cathode tray is moved out to the cathode tray workplatform, carrying out that under nitrogen protection the second layer is cut layer template is installed to the above-mentioned the first layer of finishing that deposited and cuts on layer template, finish lamination operation, again negative electrode and anode are sent into the galvanic deposit shaping system and carry out galvanic deposit, finish the deposition that the second layer is cut layer template; Carry out above-mentioned circulating process successively, can obtain to contain the templated metal part, carry out the demoulding at last and handle the needed metal parts of acquisition through after n the laminated form board galvanic deposit; Be placed with metal anode on the wherein said anode tray, on anode tray, have and help the descending through hole of metal ion, design is useful on the Template Location bolt and the substrate orientation bolt of template and substrate orientation on the described cathode tray, and design has the distributed clavate bus device that galvanic deposit the two poles of the earth power supply is provided to reach the joint that gathers that links to each other with power positive cathode accordingly in anode tray and cathode tray.
A kind of device that utilizes electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, comprise galvanic deposit working chamber 1, that the top and the bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber 1 are respectively equipped with is equally distributed, be used to upgrade electrolytic solution into and out of electrolytic solution mouth 2,3, it is characterized in that anode tray 4 being installed in the middle and upper part of galvanic deposit working chamber 1, be placed with the metal anode that metal electrodeposition is used on the anode tray 4, the bottom of anode tray 4 is an engraved structure, which is provided with to be convenient to the through hole 11 that the anode ion passes through; The bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber 1, with anode tray 4 relative position places cathode tray 5 is installed, design is useful on and lays galvanic deposit processing and cut the Template Location bolt 15 and the substrate orientation bolt 16 of layer template with cathode base and stack on the cathode tray 5; On anode tray 4, be provided with distributed clavate bus 12, on cathode tray 5, also be provided with distributed clavate bus 14, distributed clavate bus 12 links to each other with the positive pole of external power source by gathering joint 13, and distributed clavate bus 14 links to each other with the negative pole of external power source by gathering joint 17.
Guide rail 7 and outer guide 8 in edge, described galvanic deposit working chamber 1 upper end part is respectively arranged with, the upper end of anode tray 4 and cathode tray 5 respectively by corresponding pulley 6,9 expansion bearings on the guide rail 7,8 of correspondence, the hoisting appliance 10 that axial scale also is installed on the outer guide 8 and cathode tray 5 can be promoted and descends.
Also be respectively equipped with in described galvanic deposit working chamber 1 outside and be convenient to anode tray 4 in the deposition process and shift out the anode tray mobile working platform 19 of shift-in and be convenient to the cathode tray mobile working platform 20 that cathode tray 5 in the deposition process shifts out shift-in.
Electrolytic solution collecting chamber 28, electrolytic solution drain tank 29 and anode that described anode tray mobile working platform 19 is reclaimed by rail plate 27, anode tray drippage electrolytic solution shift out case 31 and form, described rail plate 27 is positioned at anode and shifts out the upper shed portion both sides of case 31 and connect with outer guide 8, and electrolytic solution collecting chamber 28 glue electrolytic solution drain tanks 29 are installed in anode and shift out in the case 31; Cathode tray mobile working platform 20 is by cathode tray rail plate 21; be used for the shielding gas outlet 22 of workpiece protection; lay the support bar dividing plate 23 of cathode tray 5; be used for the electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 that cathode tray drippage electrolytic solution reclaims; electrolytic solution drain tank 25; gas cylinder placed cavity 26 and anode shift out case 30 and form; rail plate 21 be positioned at negative electrode shift out case 30 upper shed portion both sides and dock with guide rail 7; shielding gas outlet 22 is arranged in anode and shifts out case 30; the top of support bar dividing plate 23; it by tracheae be arranged in the gas cylinder that anode shifts out the gas cylinder placed cavity 26 of case 30 bottoms and link to each other; electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 is positioned at the bottom of support bar dividing plate 23; its bottom takes the form of inclined plane, and electrolytic solution drain tank 25 is positioned at the lowest part of electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 bottoms.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention can directly produce the densification, homogeneous microstructure of any complicated shape, accurate metal parts.Adopt laminated form board galvanic deposit shaping system of the present invention, can effectively reduce the equipment complexity, reduce cost of parts, have extremely good prospects for application.Simultaneously, equipment cost of the present invention is low, and is easily manufactured, and control is convenient.
The present invention compares with the common electrical deposition apparatus, changed in the past to duplicate the galvanic deposit formation of parts process (galvanoplastics) of former profile geometric properties, the shaping of two dimension is realized having widened the three-dimensional realization, obtained direct preparation precision, fine and close, even, the baroque metal parts of interior tissue.Through facts have proved this system device compact construction, simple, the low processing cost of control, be a kind of practical technique that has cost performance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of device of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of cathode tray mobile working platform of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of anode tray mobile working platform of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a method flow synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 4.
A kind of method of utilizing electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, it may further comprise the steps:
At first design the solid modelling of metal parts with the CAD modeling software;
Save as n after the cad file process section software processes with solid modelling (being STL) form then and cut number of plies control file, cutting behind the single hierarchic path information input cutting machine is made the individual layer template of cutting of n;
The 3rd, the first layer is installed on the base stage on the cathode tray of the galvanic deposit shaping system that has cathode tray and anode tray to be cut layer template and carries out metal electrodeposition, when the first layer is cut after layer template deposition finishes, earlier anode tray is moved out to the anode tray workplatform, then cathode tray is moved out to the cathode tray workplatform, carrying out that under nitrogen protection the second layer is cut layer template is installed to the above-mentioned the first layer of finishing that deposited and cuts on layer template, finish lamination operation, again negative electrode and anode are sent into the galvanic deposit shaping system and carry out galvanic deposit, finish the deposition that the second layer is cut layer template; Carry out above-mentioned circulating process successively, can obtain to contain the templated metal part, carry out the demoulding at last and handle the needed metal parts of acquisition through after n the laminated form board galvanic deposit; Be placed with metal anode on the wherein said anode tray, on anode tray, have and help the descending through hole of metal ion, design is useful on the Template Location bolt and the substrate orientation bolt of template and substrate orientation on the described cathode tray, and design has the distributed clavate bus device that galvanic deposit the two poles of the earth power supply is provided to reach the joint that gathers that links to each other with power positive cathode accordingly in anode tray and cathode tray.
As Figure 1-3.
A kind of device that utilizes electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, comprise galvanic deposit working chamber 1, that the top and the bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber 1 are respectively equipped with is equally distributed, be used to upgrade electrolytic solution into and out of electrolytic solution mouth 2,3, in the middle and upper part of galvanic deposit working chamber 1 anode tray 4 is installed, be placed with the metal anode that metal electrodeposition is used on the anode tray 4, the bottom of anode tray 4 is an engraved structure, which is provided with to be convenient to the through hole 11 that the anode ion passes through; The bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber 1, with anode tray 4 relative position places cathode tray 5 is installed, design is useful on and lays galvanic deposit processing and cut the Template Location bolt 15 and the substrate orientation bolt 16 of layer template with cathode base and stack on the cathode tray 5; On anode tray 4, be provided with distributed clavate bus 12, on cathode tray 5, also be provided with distributed clavate bus 14, distributed clavate bus 12 links to each other with the positive pole of external power source by gathering joint 13, distributed clavate bus 14 links to each other with the negative pole of external power source by gathering joint 17, as shown in Figure 1.
Cut a layer template for the ease of in the laminated form board electrodeposition process, changing, make things convenient for moving of anode tray 4 and cathode tray 5, guide rail 7 and outer guide 8 in edge, described galvanic deposit working chamber 1 upper end part is respectively arranged with, the upper end of anode tray 4 and cathode tray 5 respectively by corresponding pulley 6,9 expansion bearings on the guide rail 7,8 of correspondence, the hoisting appliance 10 (can adopt conventional feed screw nut's hoisting appliance or rack-and-pinion hoisting appliance) that axial scale also is installed on the outer guide 8 and cathode tray 5 can be promoted and descend.
Can not impact environment and part in order to guarantee to cut in layer template replacement process simultaneously, the present invention also is respectively equipped with in described galvanic deposit working chamber 1 outside to be convenient to anode tray 4 in the deposition process and to shift out the anode tray mobile working platform 19 of shift-in and be convenient to the cathode tray mobile working platform 20 that cathode tray 5 in the deposition process shifts out shift-in.Wherein:
Electrolytic solution collecting chamber 28, electrolytic solution drain tank 29 and anode that described anode tray mobile working platform 19 is reclaimed by rail plate 27, anode tray drippage electrolytic solution shift out case 31 and form, as shown in Figure 3, described rail plate 27 is positioned at anode and shifts out the upper shed portion both sides of case 31 and connect with outer guide 8, and electrolytic solution collecting chamber 28 glue electrolytic solution drain tanks 29 are installed in anode and shift out in the case 31; Cathode tray mobile working platform 20 is by cathode tray rail plate 21; be used for the shielding gas outlet 22 of workpiece protection; lay the support bar dividing plate 23 of cathode tray 5; be used for the electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 that cathode tray drippage electrolytic solution reclaims; electrolytic solution drain tank 25; gas cylinder placed cavity 26 and anode shift out case 30 and form; as shown in Figure 2; rail plate 21 be positioned at negative electrode shift out case 30 upper shed portion both sides and dock with guide rail 7; shielding gas outlet 22 is arranged in anode and shifts out case 30; the top of support bar dividing plate 23; it by tracheae be arranged in the gas cylinder that anode shifts out the gas cylinder placed cavity 26 of case 30 bottoms and link to each other; electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 is positioned at the bottom of support bar dividing plate 23; its bottom takes the form of inclined plane, and electrolytic solution drain tank 25 is positioned at the lowest part of electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24 bottoms.
As shown in Figure 1, in laminated form board galvanic deposit shaping system of the present invention, comprise processing space and non-productive operation stage apparatus 18, processing space by galvanic deposit working chamber 1, advance electrolytic solution mouth 2, go out electrolytic solution mouth 3, through hole 11, cathode tray 5, Template Location bolt 15, substrate orientation bolt 16, the distributed clavate bus device 12,14 of anode tray 4, engraved structure, gather joint 13,17, interior guide rail 7, outer guide 8, pulley 6,9, axially scale and hoisting appliance 10.Galvanic deposit working chamber 1, advance electrolytic solution mouth 2, go out that electrolytic solution mouth 3 holds for electrolytic solution and new portion more; The anode tray 4 of anode tray 4, engraved structure is used to place the metal electrodeposition metal anode, and the through hole 11 of its bottom is as the down going channel of metal ion; Cathode tray 5, Template Location bolt 15, substrate orientation bolt 16 are used to lay location galvanic deposit processing and cut a layer template layer with cathode base and stack; Distributed clavate bus device 12,14, gather joint 13,17, then be the positive and negative polarities coupling device of galvanic deposit; Interior guide rail 7, outer guide 8, pulley 6,9, axial scale and hoisting appliance 10 are the slip and the lifting mechanism of anode tray 4 and cathode tray 5.Non-productive operation stage apparatus 18 shifts out workplatform 19 and cathode tray by anode tray and shifts out workplatform 20 and form, and can be used for interlayer template fitting operation.
Figure 2 shows that cathode tray shifts out workplatform 20, form by guide rail 21, shielding gas outlet 22, support bar dividing plate 23, electrolytic solution collecting chamber 24, electrolytic solution drain tank 25, gas cylinder placed cavity 26.Whenever process one deck, cathode tray 5 is by guide rail 6,21, and lifting is moved out to cathode tray and shifts out workplatform 20, under atmosphere protection, carries out the closed assembly that layer template cut by lower floor.
Figure 3 shows that anode tray shifts out workplatform 19, form by guide rail 27, electrolytic solution collecting chamber 28, electrolytic solution drain tank 29.Whenever process one deck, anode tray 4 is by guide rail 9,27, and lifting is moved out to anode tray and shifts out workplatform 19, abdicates passage for cathode tray 5 shifts out.
In addition,, must effectively control, can keep electrolytic solution to be operated in the stable temperature range by the method for cooling of heating commonly used to the temperature of electrolytic solution in order to guarantee the effect of galvanic deposit.
The prior aries that maybe can adopt all same as the prior art such as the circulation of part that the present invention does not relate to such as electrolytic solution, electrical control, computer slicing delamination are realized.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of method of utilizing electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, it is characterized in that: the solid modelling of at first designing metal parts with the CAD modeling software, save as n after the cad file process section software processes with the solid modelling form then and cut number of plies control file, cutting behind the single hierarchic path information input cutting machine is made n cut a layer template, the first layer is installed on the base stage on the cathode tray of the galvanic deposit shaping system that has cathode tray and anode tray to be cut layer template and carries out metal electrodeposition, when the first layer is cut after layer template deposition finishes, earlier anode tray is moved out to the anode tray workplatform, then cathode tray is moved out to the cathode tray workplatform, carrying out that under nitrogen protection the second layer is cut layer template is installed to the above-mentioned the first layer of finishing that deposited and cuts on layer template, finish lamination operation, again negative electrode and anode are sent into the galvanic deposit shaping system and carry out galvanic deposit, finish the deposition that the second layer is cut layer template; Carry out above-mentioned circulating process successively, can obtain to contain the templated metal part, carry out the demoulding at last and handle the needed metal parts of acquisition through after n the laminated form board galvanic deposit; Be placed with metal anode on the wherein said anode tray, on anode tray, have and help the descending through hole of metal ion, design is useful on the Template Location bolt and the substrate orientation bolt of template and substrate orientation on the described cathode tray, and design has the distributed clavate bus device that galvanic deposit the two poles of the earth power supply is provided to reach the joint that gathers that links to each other with power positive cathode accordingly in anode tray and cathode tray.
2, a kind of device that utilizes electrodeposition technique of laminated form board directly to make metal parts, comprise galvanic deposit working chamber (1), electrolytic solution import (2) and electrolyte outlet (3) that the top and the bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber (1) are respectively equipped with is equally distributed, be used to upgrade electrolytic solution, it is characterized in that anode tray (4) being installed in the middle and upper part of galvanic deposit working chamber (1), anode tray is placed with the metal anode that metal electrodeposition is used on (4), the bottom of anode tray (4) is an engraved structure, which is provided with the through hole (11) of being convenient to the anode ion and passing through; The bottom of galvanic deposit working chamber (1), with anode tray (4) relative position place cathode tray (5) is installed, cathode tray (5) is gone up design and is useful on and lays galvanic deposit processing and cut the Template Location bolt (15) and the substrate orientation bolt (16) of layer template with cathode base and stack; On anode tray (4), be provided with distributed clavate bus (12), on cathode tray (5), also be provided with distributed clavate bus (14), distributed clavate bus (12) links to each other with the positive pole of external power source by gathering joint (13), and distributed clavate bus (14) links to each other with the negative pole of external power source by gathering joint (17).
3, the device that utilizes electro-deposition techniques directly to make metal parts according to claim 2, it is characterized in that edge, described galvanic deposit working chamber (1) upper end part is respectively arranged with interior guide rail (7) and outer guide (8), the upper end of anode tray (4) and cathode tray (5) respectively by corresponding first pulley (6) and second pulley (9) expansion bearing on the interior guide rail (7) and outer guide (8) of correspondence, the hoisting appliance (10) that axial scale also is installed on the outer guide (8) and cathode tray (5) can be promoted and descends.
4, the device that utilizes electro-deposition techniques directly to make metal parts according to claim 2 is characterized in that also being respectively equipped with in described galvanic deposit working chamber (1) outside and is convenient to anode tray in the deposition process (4) and shifts out the anode tray mobile working platform (19) of shift-in and be convenient to the cathode tray mobile working platform (20) that cathode tray in the deposition process (5) shifts out shift-in.
5, the device that utilizes electro-deposition techniques directly to make metal parts according to claim 4, it is characterized in that electrolytic solution collecting chamber (28), electrolytic solution drain tank (29) and anode that described anode tray mobile working platform (19) is reclaimed by rail plate (27), anode tray drippage electrolytic solution shift out case (31) and form, described rail plate (27) is positioned at anode and shifts out the upper shed portion both sides of case (31) and connect with outer guide (8), and electrolytic solution collecting chamber (28) and electrolytic solution drain tank (29) are installed in anode and shift out in the case (31); Cathode tray mobile working platform (20) is by cathode tray rail plate (21); be used for the shielding gas outlet (22) of workpiece protection; lay the support bar dividing plate (23) of cathode tray (5); be used for the electrolytic solution collecting chamber (24) that cathode tray drippage electrolytic solution reclaims; electrolytic solution drain tank (25); gas cylinder placed cavity (26) and anode shift out case (30) and form; rail plate (21) be positioned at negative electrode shift out case (30) upper shed portion both sides and dock with guide rail (7); shielding gas outlet (22) is arranged in anode and shifts out case (30); the top of support bar dividing plate (23); it by tracheae be arranged in the gas cylinder that anode shifts out the gas cylinder placed cavity (26) of case (30) bottom and link to each other; electrolytic solution collecting chamber (24) is positioned at the bottom of support bar dividing plate (23); its bottom takes the form of inclined plane, and electrolytic solution drain tank (25) is positioned at the lowest part of electrolytic solution collecting chamber (24) bottom.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200710025121A CN100580149C (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated template |
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| CN200710025121A CN100580149C (en) | 2007-07-13 | 2007-07-13 | Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated template |
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| CN100580149C true CN100580149C (en) | 2010-01-13 |
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| CN104178782B (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2016-12-07 | 温州市工业科学研究院 | Electroreduction metal deposit dot matrix distributed anodes important actor |
| CN104164683A (en) * | 2014-08-22 | 2014-11-26 | 温州市工业科学研究院 | Dot-matrix-anode-type electroreduction metal deposition part 3D printing device |
| CN106493357A (en) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 广东五维科技有限公司 | A kind of 3D printing method reduced based on metal cation |
| CN109065377A (en) * | 2018-08-13 | 2018-12-21 | 福建国光电子科技股份有限公司 | The equipment of solid polymer capacitor is processed using the electrochemical method in magnetic field |
| CN109136999A (en) * | 2018-10-10 | 2019-01-04 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of devices and methods therefor of microparticle jetting electro-deposition forming micrometallic component |
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Assignee: Nantong Zhenhua Heavy Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Contract record no.: 2011320000466 Denomination of invention: Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated form board Granted publication date: 20100113 License type: Common License Open date: 20071226 Record date: 20110331 |
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Assignee: Nanjing Kingdom Heavy Duty Gear Box Co., Ltd. Assignor: Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Contract record no.: 2012320000266 Denomination of invention: Method and equipment for manufacturing metal parts directly by using electrodeposition technique of laminated form board Granted publication date: 20100113 License type: Common License Open date: 20071226 Record date: 20120321 |
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