CN100575897C - Picosecond pulse contrast single measuring instrument - Google Patents
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- CN100575897C CN100575897C CN200810041640A CN200810041640A CN100575897C CN 100575897 C CN100575897 C CN 100575897C CN 200810041640 A CN200810041640 A CN 200810041640A CN 200810041640 A CN200810041640 A CN 200810041640A CN 100575897 C CN100575897 C CN 100575897C
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Abstract
A picosecond pulse contrast single measurement device comprises a spectroscope, a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector, a fourth reflector, a fundamental frequency Dammann grating, a fundamental frequency compensation grating group, a fifth reflector, a sixth reflector, a frequency doubling crystal, a frequency doubling Dammann grating, a frequency doubling compensation grating group, a reflector group, a beam combining mirror group, a frequency tripling crystal group, a filter group and a photomultiplierThe invention adopts Dammann grating to realize multi-path light splitting of pulse to be measured and its double frequency signal to realize 108The above contrast measurement. Moreover, the gradual change of the optical path delay can be obtained by utilizing different angles generated by the Dammann grating during light splitting. The maximum value of the optical path delay can be adjusted by changing the distance between the Dammann gratings and the compensation grating, and 100ps time delay measurement is realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser parameter diagnosis, particularly a kind of picopulse contrast single measurement device.
Background technology
High-power laser pulse is widely used in the high field physical study such as laser-plasma interaction, x-ray laser, multiphoton ionization, higher hamonic wave generation.When utilizing ultrashort, super strong laser pulse to practice shooting,, will destroy target surface and produce plasma, produce complicated adverse effect if the noise signal before the main pulse surpasses certain intensity.Therefore, need monitoring laser pulse noise signal strength before.
In order to obtain ultrashort superpower bat watt laser, adopted the optical parameter chirped pulse to amplify (OPCPA) technology.This technology is a branch of low-yield femtosecond broadband seed signal light pulse that desire is amplified, and by method broadening on time domain of the chromatic dispersion of just warbling, the pulse behind the broadening shows as chirped pulse on time domain.In nonlinear crystal, carry out the parameter coupling with the seed light of warbling behind a branch of high-energy nanosecond arrowband pump light and the broadening then, seed optical pulse is amplified.Seed optical pulse after amplifying is compressed into femtosecond pulse output by the method for the negative chromatic dispersion of warbling again.The bat watt laser aid that refreshing light II the nine tunnel system reform becomes has adopted the OPCPA technology exactly, realizes the pulse output of 1000J, 1ps.
In OPCPA, utilize grating pair to realize the broadening and the compression of pulse, be referred to as stretcher and compressor reducer respectively.Because the face type defective of grating itself, and the incomplete coupling between the stretcher, compressor reducer, can cause compressing pulse shape afterwards and the pulse shape of seed light is distinguished to some extent.Show as in time, before and after the main pulse a very long step (pedestral) is arranged, as shown in Figure 4.In order to monitor and control the time waveform of compression picopulse afterwards, make it to satisfy the needs of Physical Experiment, need to measure 10ps and signal intensity in addition thereof before the main pulse, guarantee these laser signal intensity constantly with respect to the ratio of the intensity of main pulse less than＜10
-8, i.e. pulse contrast＜10
-8
The basic structure of existing short-pulse laser contrast single diagnosis device as shown in Figure 1.Pulse to be measured is as fundamental frequency light, and condenser lens 1 focuses on one two frequency-doubling crystal 2, produces two frequency doubled lights.Obtain the parallel beam of fundamental frequency and two frequencys multiplication then with collimation lens 3, cylindrical lens 4 is focused into straight line with the rectangular light beam of incident, by Wollaston prism 5 parallel fundamental frequency signal and frequency-doubled signal is spatially separated.Again by a Fresnel biprism 6 with the fundamental frequency signal and the frequency-doubled signal deflection that separate, realize to intersect.Intersection location at two signals is placed frequency tripling crystal 7, can obtain frequency tripling light.By imaging len 8, and use filter plate 9 to filter out remaining fundamental frequency light and two frequency doubled lights, receive the frequency tripling signal on the CCD10,, thereby draw end product by certain calculating.
The problem that this technology exists is: the contrast that can not realize high dynamic range is measured, and time delay is limited.The generation of its optical path delay is based on the principle of branch wavefront, fundamental frequency and two angles pencil of ray of two frequencys multiplication are tilted to intersect, when two-beam arrives the frequency tripling plane of crystal, diverse location at plane of crystal, just there is the optical path difference that gradually changes between fundamental frequency light and two frequency doubled lights, thereby measures when realizing the different time delay position.In the existing contrast single measurement technology, measure a plurality of time delays position in the same crystal simultaneously, thereby corresponding light beam can the phase mutual interference between postponing for different time.Therefore, it can be surveyed dynamic range and can only reach 10
4The order of magnitude.On the other hand, measurable time delay is subjected to the width of light beam of fundamental frequency signal and frequency-doubled signal and the restriction of biprism size, can only measure ± 10ps is with interior scope.Therefore, the dynamic range and the time delay of existing single measurement system all can not satisfy application demand.
Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of picopulse contrast single measurement device is provided, improve the dynamic range that contrast is measured, the time delay that expanded contrast is measured is to satisfy the contrast requirement of Physical Experiment to ultrashort ultra-intense laser system.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of picopulse contrast single measurement device, characteristics are to be made of spectroscope, first catoptron, second catoptron, the 3rd catoptron, the 4th catoptron, fundamental frequency Darman raster, fundamental frequency null grating group, the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron, two frequency-doubling crystals, two frequency multiplication Darman rasters, two frequency multiplication null grating groups, reflector group, light combination mirror group, frequency tripling crystal group, filter set and photomultiplier group, and its position relation is as follows:
The pulse to be measured of incident is as fundamental frequency light, be divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam through described spectroscope, this transmitted light beam passes through by first catoptron, second catoptron, the optical path delay mechanism that the 3rd catoptron and the 4th catoptron are formed, incide on the fundamental frequency Darman raster, form fundamental frequency multichannel beamlet, a fundamental frequency null grating of all corresponding separately described fundamental frequency null grating group of each way light beam, the corresponding light combination mirror of directive light combination mirror group then, described folded light beam is by the 5th catoptron, the 6th catoptron, enter described two frequency-doubling crystals, obtain two frequency doubled lights, this two frequency doubled light incides on the two frequency multiplication Darman rasters, form two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets, one two frequency multiplication null grating of all corresponding two frequency multiplication null grating groups of every road two frequency multiplication beamlets, obtain two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets, this two frequencys multiplication multichannel beamlet enters described light combination mirror group after by the corresponding mirror reflects of reflector group, close the conllinear transmission of bundle back with described fundamental frequency beamlet, enter frequency tripling crystal group together, obtain frequency tripling light, this multi beam frequency tripling light passes through filter set, by the intensity of photomultiplier group detection frequency tripling signal, calculate the contrast that the back just can obtain pulse to be measured.
Described fundamental frequency null grating group is made of the identical fundamental frequency null grating of five block structures, described two frequency multiplication null grating groups are made of two identical frequency multiplication null gratings of five block structures, described reflector group is made of the identical catoptron of five block structures, described light combination mirror group by the identical light combination mirror of five block structures constitute, described frequency tripling crystal group by the identical frequency tripling crystal of five block structures constitute, described filter set is made of the identical optical filter of five block structures, described photomultiplier group is made of the identical photomultiplier of five block structures.
The present invention adopts branch amplitude method, obtains 5 identical, as to be separated from each other beamlets by Darman raster, realizes in 5 frequency tripling crystal that respectively the contrast of different time delay position is measured.Because each beamlet spatially separates, and under the angle different situations, just exists optical path difference between adjacent two light beams.The angle of deviation is big more, and propagation distance is long more, and its optical path difference is also just big more.Therefore can enough the method realize big time delay.
Short pulse contrast basic principle of measurement is three rank cross-correlation procedure.
Pulse to be measured is I (t) about the function of time t, and three corresponding rank cross-correlated signal are
I
3(τ)＝∫I(t)I
2(t-τ)dt (1)
In the formula: τ is a time delay.I
2(t) can obtain by two frequency-doubling crystals, after the affix time delay τ, in the frequency tripling crystal, obtain this three rank cross-correlated signal.
Technique effect of the present invention is,
1) can realize that dynamic range is 10
8Above contrast is measured.In this programme, therefore the only corresponding time delay position of each piece frequency tripling crystal does not exist the interference of above-mentioned prior art.This method is similar to the stack of 5 contrast measurement mechanisms under the repetition frequency, and the contrast measurement mechanism under each repetition frequency is measured a time delay position, can realize that the contrast of high dynamic range is measured.
2) time delay can expand to 100ps.Because the optical path delay between fundamental frequency photon light beam and the two frequency doubled light beamlets, by angle and the common decision of airborne transmission range, change the distance between two Darman rasters, perhaps the distance between Darman raster and the null grating can both realize the adjusting of optical path delay.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing short pulse contrast single measurement device synoptic diagram;
Fig. 2 is a psec contrast single measurement instrument synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the schematic top plan view of Fig. 2 psec contrast single measurement instrument;
Fig. 4 is a time response synoptic diagram of clapping the picopulse of compressor reducer output in watt laser aid.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, but should not limit protection scope of the present invention with this.
See also Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 earlier, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 are specific embodiment synoptic diagram of the present invention, as seen from the figure, picopulse contrast single measurement device of the present invention, by spectroscope 2-1, the first catoptron 2-2, the second catoptron 2-3, the 3rd catoptron 2-4, the 4th catoptron 2-5, fundamental frequency Darman raster 2-6, fundamental frequency null grating group 2-7, the 5th catoptron 2-8, the 6th catoptron 2-9, two frequency-doubling crystal 2-10, two frequency multiplication Darman raster 2-11, two frequency multiplication null grating group 2-12, reflector group 2-13, light combination mirror group 2-14, frequency tripling crystal group 2-15, filter set 2-16 and photomultiplier group 2-17 constitute, its position relation is as follows: the pulse to be measured of incident is as fundamental frequency light, be divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam through described spectroscope 2-1, this transmitted light beam passes through by the first catoptron 2-2, the second catoptron 2-3, the optical path delay mechanism that the 3rd catoptron 2-4 and the 4th catoptron 2-5 form, incide on the fundamental frequency Darman raster 2-6, form fundamental frequency five way light beams, the fundamental frequency null grating of all corresponding separately described fundamental frequency null grating group 2-7 of each way light beam, the corresponding light combination mirror of the 2-14 of directive light combination mirror group then, described folded light beam is by the 5th catoptron 2-8, the 6th catoptron 2-9, enter described two frequency-doubling crystal 2-10, obtain two frequency doubled lights, this two frequency doubled light incides on the two frequency multiplication Darman raster 2-11, form two frequencys multiplication, five way light beams, the one two frequency multiplication null grating of all corresponding two frequency multiplication null grating group 2-12 of every road two frequency multiplication beamlets, obtain two frequencys multiplication, five way light beams, these two frequencys multiplication, five way light beams enter described light combination mirror group 2-14 after by the corresponding mirror reflects of reflector group 2-13, close the conllinear transmission of bundle back with described fundamental frequency beamlet, enter frequency tripling crystal group 2-15 together, obtain frequency tripling light, this five bundles frequency tripling light is by filter set 2-16, by the intensity of photomultiplier group 2-17 detection frequency tripling signal, calculate the contrast that the back just can obtain pulse to be measured.
Fundamental frequency multichannel beamlet in the present embodiment and two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets all get 5 the tunnel, therefore, corresponding fundamental frequency null grating group 2-7 is made of five fundamental frequency null gratings, two frequency multiplication null grating group 2-12 are made up of five two frequency multiplication null gratings, the 2-14 of described light combination mirror group is made up of five light combination mirrors, described frequency tripling crystal group 2-15 is made up of five frequency tripling crystal, described filter set 2-16 is made up of five optical filters, and described photomultiplier group 2-17 is made up of five photomultipliers.
The pulse to be measured of incident is as fundamental frequency light, be divided into two through spectroscope 2-1, the optical path delay mechanism that transmitted light beam is formed by the first catoptron 2-2, the second catoptron 2-3, the 3rd catoptron 2-4 and the 4th catoptron 2-5, incide on the fundamental frequency Darman raster 2-6, be converted to fundamental frequency multichannel beamlet, the corresponding null grating 2-7 of each beamlet is with the chromatic dispersion of compensation Darman raster generation.The folded light beam of spectroscope 2-1 is by the 5th catoptron 2-8, the 6th catoptron 2-9, enter two frequency-doubling crystal 2-10, obtain two frequency doubled lights, this two frequency doubled light also passes through corresponding two frequency multiplication Darman raster 2-11, two frequency multiplication null grating 2-12, thereby obtains two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets.This two frequencys multiplication multichannel beamlet with the transmission of fundamental frequency beamlet conllinear, enters frequency tripling crystal 2-15 by catoptron 2-13 and light combination mirror 2-14 together then, obtains frequency tripling light.Use optical filter 2-16 to filter out after remaining the fundamental frequency light and two frequency doubled lights,, calculate the contrast that the back just can obtain pulse to be measured with the intensity that photomultiplier 2-17 surveys the frequency tripling signal.The optical path delay device that the first catoptron 2-2, the second catoptron 2-3, the 3rd catoptron 2-4, the 4th catoptron 2-5 constitute is to be used for compensating the additional delay that spectroscopical reflected light climbs in transmission and descends and bring.
Optical path delay mode in the Darman raster beam split, as shown in Figure 3.Two fundamental frequency Darman raster 2-6 and two frequency multiplication Darman raster 2-11 that dislocation is placed go up the beamlet of outgoing, in vertical view, incide on the corresponding fundamental frequency null grating 2-7 in the mirror image mode and two frequency multiplication null grating 2-12 on.
What use among Fig. 3 is 1 * 10 Darman raster, because therefore the symmetry of Darman raster has only utilized five bundle beam split beamlets wherein.L represents the vertical range between Darman raster and the null grating group, d
1Be the grating constant of fundamental frequency Darman raster, d
2Be the constant of two frequency multiplication Darman rasters, d
1=2 d
2, m
1, m
2, m
3, m
4, m
5Be the distance of five on fundamental frequency Darman raster bundle beamlet corresponding little grating in the null grating group, n
1, n
2, n
3, n
4, n
5Be the distance of five on fundamental frequency Darman raster bundle beamlet corresponding little grating in the null grating group, θ
1, θ
2, θ
3, θ
4, θ
5Angle of diffraction for the bundle of five on fundamental frequency and two frequency multiplication Darman rasters beamlet.Like this, corresponding optical path delay can be expressed as between five beamlets of fundamental frequency and five beamlets of two frequencys multiplication
With a branch of aplanatism that is adjusted in the centre of fundamental frequency light and two frequency doubled lights, even m
3-n
3=0.Specifically realize by the optical path delay mechanism that constitutes by the first catoptron 2-2, the second catoptron 2-3, the 3rd catoptron 2-4, the 4th catoptron 2-5.τ=0 o'clock, the frequency tripling light intensity of its output is designated as I
0=I
3(τ=0).In the central light beam both sides, the optical path difference of fundamental frequency beamlet and two frequency multiplication beamlets increases gradually, thereby realizes different optical path delay.In the vertical view, at the central light beam upside, the light path of fundamental frequency beamlet successively decreases successively, and the light path of two frequency multiplication beamlets increases successively.They incide on the described frequency tripling crystal group 2-11, will obtain the contrast intensity level of different time delay position τ.
When needs are realized the measurement of 10ps optical path delay, be example with the central light beam upside, can set up grating constant d
1And d
2, diffraction angle
2And θ
4, the system of equations between the vertical range L
D in the system of equations
1=200um, d
2=100um, λ
1 ω=1.053um, λ
2 ω=0.527um finds the solution and obtains L=5352.86mm, θ
2=0.905 °, θ
4=2.114 °.In the central light beam upside second way light beam, the time delay between fundamental frequency and two frequencys multiplication is 20ps at this moment.Just obtain two intensity level I after the simple crosscorrelation effect through frequency tripling crystal group 2-11
+ 1=I
3(τ=+ 10ps), I
+ 2=I
3(τ=+ 20ps).At the central light beam downside, the light path of fundamental frequency beamlet increases successively, and the light path of two frequency multiplication beamlets successively decreases successively, also obtains two intensity level I after the simple crosscorrelation effect through frequency tripling crystal group 2-11
-1=I
3(τ=-10ps), I
-2=I
3(τ=-20ps).。
So just can by calculate ± 10ps, ± the pulse contrast (Pulse constract) of these 4 time delay positions of 20ps:
SNR＝I
1/I
0
Wherein, i=-2 ,-1 ,+1 ,+2.
In order to obtain the optical path delay of 100ps between fundamental frequency light and two frequency doubled lights, only system of equations (3) need be made following modification
Can obtain L=53528.6mm, θ
2=0.905 °, θ
4=2.114 °.Can obtain this moment ± 100ps, ± the pulse contrast of these 4 time delay positions of 200ps.But the distance under this situation between Darman raster and the null grating is bigger.Consider that from angle of practical application need to adopt 1 * 64 Darman raster to replace 1 * 10 Darman raster in the measuring system, available is 32 bundle beamlets, be that the first order diffraction of fundamental frequency light is corresponding with the 32nd order diffraction of two frequency doubled lights this moment, obtains system of equations
Can obtain L=499.4mm, θ
1=0.603 °, θ
4=19.39 °.
In the present embodiment, each time delay position is used a frequency tripling crystal separately, can avoid interference, and improves the dynamic range that contrast is measured.Utilize angle and dislocation in the Darman raster beam split to place, form the optical path delay of static distribution, can avoid in each road, all using optical path delay mechanism, reduce the cost of contrast measuring system.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of picopulse contrast single measurement device, be characterised in that by spectroscope (2-1), first catoptron (2-2), second catoptron (2-3), the 3rd catoptron (2-4), the 4th catoptron (2-5), fundamental frequency Darman raster (2-6), fundamental frequency null grating group (2-7), the 5th catoptron (2-8), the 6th catoptron (2-9), two frequency-doubling crystals (2-10), two frequency multiplication Darman rasters (2-11), two frequency multiplication null grating groups (2-12), reflector group (2-13), light combination mirror group (2-14), frequency tripling crystal group (2-15), filter set (2-16) and photomultiplier group (2-17) constitute, and its position relation is as follows:
The pulse to be measured of incident is as fundamental frequency light, be divided into transmitted light beam and folded light beam through described spectroscope (2-1), this transmitted light beam passes through by first catoptron (2-2), second catoptron (2-3), the optical path delay mechanism that the 3rd catoptron (2-4) and the 4th catoptron (2-5) are formed, incide on the fundamental frequency Darman raster (2-6), form fundamental frequency multichannel beamlet, a fundamental frequency null grating of all corresponding separately described fundamental frequency null grating group of each way light beam (2-7), (2-14) of directive light combination mirror group corresponding light combination mirror then, described folded light beam enters described two frequency-doubling crystals (2-10) by the 5th catoptron (2-8) and the 6th catoptron (2-9), obtain two frequency doubled lights, this two frequency doubled light incides on the two frequency multiplication Darman rasters (2-11), form two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets, one two frequency multiplication null grating of all corresponding two frequency multiplication null grating groups (2-12) of every road two frequency multiplication beamlets, obtain two frequency multiplication multichannel beamlets, this two frequencys multiplication multichannel beamlet enters described light combination mirror group (2-14) after the mirror reflects accordingly by reflector group (2-13), close the conllinear transmission of bundle back with described fundamental frequency beamlet, enter frequency tripling crystal group (2-15) together, obtain frequency tripling light, this multi beam frequency tripling light is by filter set (2-16), by the intensity of photomultiplier group (2-17) detection frequency tripling signal, calculate the contrast that the back just can obtain pulse to be measured.
2, picopulse contrast single measurement device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described fundamental frequency null grating group (2-7) is made of the identical fundamental frequency null grating of five block structures, described two frequency multiplication null grating groups (2-12) are made of two identical frequency multiplication null gratings of five block structures, described reflector group (2-13) is made of the identical catoptron of five block structures, (2-14) of described light combination mirror group is made of the identical light combination mirror of five block structures, described frequency tripling crystal group (2-15) is made of the identical frequency tripling crystal of five block structures, described filter set (2-16) is made of the identical optical filter of five block structures, and described photomultiplier group (2-17) is made of the identical photomultiplier of five block structures.
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| CN104697649B (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2022-07-12 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Single-shot laser pulse detection device |
| CN104697648B (en) * | 2015-03-02 | 2022-07-08 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | Single-shot laser pulse detection device based on optical fiber transmission framework |
| CN108344563A (en) * | 2018-05-11 | 2018-07-31 | 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所 | Reflection type beam division delayer and method for measuring time resolution of framing camera |
| CN109186784B (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2020-05-05 | 中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所 | Laser pulse high dynamic range contrast measuring method based on contrast reduction technology |
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