CN100561178C - Asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method - Google Patents
Asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN100561178C CN100561178C CNB200710025164XA CN200710025164A CN100561178C CN 100561178 C CN100561178 C CN 100561178C CN B200710025164X A CNB200710025164X A CN B200710025164XA CN 200710025164 A CN200710025164 A CN 200710025164A CN 100561178 C CN100561178 C CN 100561178C
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Abstract
Asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention is characterized in that comprising the steps: that the center of circle of loading platen (3) of central shaft, testing machine of the center of circle, the bituminous concrete test specimen (4) of the base (5) of testing machine and the loading pressure head (1) of testing machine are on the same vertical line; The diameter of section of the loading platen (3) of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen (4), the diameter of section of the base of testing machine (5) is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen (4), and the diameter of section of the loading platen (3) of testing machine is identical with the diameter of section of the base (5) of testing machine, and anti-deformation under the high temperature of different pitches concrete material can effectively and exactly be described and distinguish to method of testing provided by the invention and test index.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to asphalt concrete elevated temperature property experimental technique field.
Background technology
At present, rut has become one of main failure mode of high-grade highway bituminous pavement, and the calculating of rut and estimating all will be based upon accurately on the model parameter basis; Yet, obtain parameter of bituminous concrete high temperature deformation accurately and the correct anti-deforming performance of estimating asphalt, have only and utilize the test that meets road surface actual stress state and environmental baseline to obtain.Correlativity according to test method and bituminous concrete anti-deformation can be divided three classes test method:
(1) experimental test method: Marshall Test method for example, existing a large amount of index Marshall stabilitys that studies have shown that Marshall Test is not directly related with the pavement performance of bituminous concrete, can't correctly estimate its performance, and this method does not have correctly to simulate the mechanical state in the actual road surface yet, so limited the application of this method;
(2) performance-relevant test method: for example indoor wheel tracking test, large-scale circuit, straight way test.These tests have been owing to effectively simulated actual road surface complex environment and stress state, get in touch thereby set up well and directly with the usability on road surface; But the stress distribution that they are simulated is uneven, can't obtain mechanics parameter by actual measurement distortion analytical Calculation, thereby its test index rut degree of depth can not be used for the foundation of Pavement Design and rut model, and the rut prediction model of being set up is experimental, can not promote the use of.Test method as research asphalt shear behavior, penetration test has and the wheel tracking test confers similar advantages, be that the confined pressure state is provided by compound self, can change with stress, temperature and compound destructiveness, thereby simulated roadway stress preferably; But penetration test still has the shortcoming of wheel tracking test, i.e. its stress-strain state complexity, and skewness can't obtain mechanics parameter by the actual measurement The deformation calculation.
(3) based on the test method of mechanics principle: for example single shaft creep, triaxial creepage and bending creep test.The ess-strain of test specimen evenly distributes or linear distribution in these test methods, thereby can be resolved by the actual measurement distortion and obtain mechanics parameter, thus be used for pavement track estimate and set up rut model.But its deficiency is embodied in the concrete state that test simulates and not exclusively conforms to actual road surface situation; For example bending creep is described is concrete deformation rule in the one dimension elastic strain range, exceed elastic range after analytic formula be false.Uniaxial test is because lack confined pressure, the stressed situation in neither realistic road surface, also can destroy too early under higher temperature and stress and can't obtain real concrete performance, for example uniaxial test may belong to SMA one class bituminous concrete of anti-deformation difference, and this is incorrect; Though triaxial test can overcome the shortcoming of uniaxial test, but its fixing confined pressure also with actual road surface in the state that changes at any time with temperature, stress and concrete destruction degree of confined pressure be not inconsistent, and triaxial test has limited it and has been extensive use of because of complicated test method.
As seen, also there is not a kind of fairly simple and perfect test method in the test method of research bituminous concrete high temperature deformation performance at present, therefore be badly in need of a kind ofly both can truly and effectively simulating actual road surface stress and ambient condition, can obtain mechanics parameter again and can be applicable to the test method of the anti-deforming performance of asphalt concrete elevated temperature property evaluation and Mechanics Calculation.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters: the technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method, the stress of bituminous concrete in actual road surface can be simulated more exactly, Mechanics Calculation parameter and evaluation index can be obtained simply and easily.
Technical scheme: for solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Step 1: the bituminous concrete test specimen is placed the constant temperature air bath of regulation, meet the requirements of test temperature until this bituminous concrete test specimen internal temperature; Open testing machine, make the environment temperature case meet the requirements of test temperature;
Step 2: one deformeter respectively is set in the relative both sides that load platen;
Step 3: the bituminous concrete test specimen is taken out from constant temperature air bath, be placed on the base that is lined with the double-layer lubrication latex film, place a double-layer lubrication latex film again at bituminous concrete test specimen upper surface then, and the loading platen of testing machine is placed on it; The center of circle of the loading platen of the central shaft of the center of circle of the base of testing machine, bituminous concrete test specimen, testing machine and the loading pressure head of testing machine are on the same vertical line; The diameter of section of the loading platen of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen, the diameter of section of the base of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen, and the diameter of section of the loading platen of testing machine is identical with the diameter of section of the base of testing machine;
Step 4: warranty test machine environmental chamber temperature is in the testing requirements value, load the maximum constant load or the dynamic loads of test request, in the entire test from the load application to the off-test, the vertical deformation and the relation that loads number of times of the vertical deformation of record bituminous concrete test specimen and the relation of test duration or record bituminous concrete test specimen.
The test temperature of step 1 is between 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
The machine of the testing environmental chamber temperature of step 4 is between 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
The bituminous concrete test specimen is cylindrical, and guarantees that two end faces of bituminous concrete test specimen are parallel to each other and level.
Beneficial effect: asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention since the cross section of the loading platen of testing machine less than the cross section of bituminous concrete test specimen, so accurately simulated asphalt stress in actual road surface, it is artificially fixing to have overcome lateral restriction, can not be with the shortcoming of ambient temperature, load and the variation of bituminous concrete destructiveness; Simultaneously asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention since the cross section of the base of testing machine less than the cross section of bituminous concrete test specimen, so it is inhomogeneous to have overcome bituminous concrete test specimen internal stress Strain Distribution, can't obtain the shortcoming of strain by simple measurement distortion; Based on the advantage of above two aspects, anti-deformation under the high temperature of different pitches concrete material can effectively and exactly be described and distinguish to method of testing provided by the invention and test index; Simultaneously by test with calculate proof, stability, regularity and the accuracy of the test index that obtains by asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention all are better than traditional test method.
As long as load and displacement measuring device because asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention has, general material test instrument all can reach, and method of testing provided by the invention only needs to carry out in the air bath of steady temperature, overcome test in the water-bath that is not only required in steady temperature in the prior art, also need the air bath of steady temperature, regulate water temperature complex steps and uppity defective; In the making of test specimen, owing to only need the gyratory compaction test specimen of the level altitude of forming get final product together along the center line cutting, overcome in the prior art gyratory compaction test specimen is bored core and cuts two end faces, the very loaded down with trivial details and dangerous defects of making test specimen; In a word, method of testing provided by the invention, convenient and simple for operation, easy realization is beneficial to applying of method of testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic three dimensional views of asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention; Load pressure head 1; Vertical deformation measuring instrument 2; Load platen 3; Bituminous concrete test specimen 4; Base 5.
Fig. 2 utilizes under the asphalt high temperature that asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention obtains deflection in time or the progress curve figure of number of loading; Bitumen mixture specimen is out of shape initial migration phase a; Asphalt mixed soil test piece deformation intermediate stable stage b; The last failure stage c of asphalt mixed soil test piece deformation.
Embodiment
The mentality of designing of asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention is, the advantage that keeps penetration test and wheel tracking test on the one hand, be that it provides the confined pressure that changes with external factor to simulate actual road surface mechanical state by compound self, it is clear and definite to draw the triaxial test stress-strain state on the other hand, can be by measuring the advantage that distortion obtains some strain regimes.Concrete technical scheme is, change the fixedly confined pressure that manually applies in the triaxial test into confined pressure that penetration test medium pitch concrete self provides variation, method is to utilize the loading platen less than cylindrical bituminous concrete test specimen diameter of section that test specimen is carried out load test; In order to prevent stress distribution and inhomogeneous in the penetration test, adopt base that test specimen is carried out the bottom local restriction simultaneously less than cylindrical bituminous concrete test specimen diameter of section.The synoptic diagram of method of testing design as shown in Figure 1.With the local triaxial test of this test called after,, can reach the purpose of following two aspects in view of the above by such test design:
1. load platen and base asphalt self in addition the sidewise restraint that changes with ambient temperature, load and bituminous concrete destructiveness can be provided, lateral restriction does not need extra man power to load generation like this; Because the asphalt lateral restriction in the actual road surface is also provided by compound self, therefore, the sidewise restraint mechanics state of local triaxial test is identical with the actual road surface concrete mechanical state of medium pitch simultaneously.
2. because the diameter of loading platen and base is identical, prove through Mechanical Calculation and Analysis, it is uniform substantially that asphalt ess-strain between platen and base distributes, therefore do not exceeding under the engineering precision allowed band, local triaxial test and triaxial test are similar, can calculate the strain of bituminous concrete inside by measuring the platen surface vertical deformation simply, thereby obtain the Mechanics Calculation parameter.
Asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method provided by the invention comprises the steps:
Step 1: bituminous concrete test specimen 4 is placed the constant temperature air bath of regulation, meet the requirements of test temperature until these bituminous concrete test specimen 4 internal temperatures; Open testing machine, make the environment temperature case meet the requirements of test temperature;
Step 2: one deformeter 2 respectively is set in the relative both sides that load platen 3;
Step 3: bituminous concrete test specimen 4 is taken out from constant temperature air bath, be placed on the base 5 that is lined with the double-layer lubrication latex film, place a double-layer lubrication latex film again at bituminous concrete test specimen 4 upper surfaces then, and the loading platen 3 of testing machine is placed on it; The center of circle of the loading platen 3 of the center of circle of the base 5 of testing machine, the central shaft of bituminous concrete test specimen 4, testing machine and the loading pressure head 1 of testing machine are on the same vertical line; The diameter of section of the loading platen 3 of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen 4, the diameter of section of the base 5 of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen 4, and the diameter of section of the loading platen 3 of testing machine is identical with the diameter of section of the base 5 of testing machine;
Step 4: warranty test machine environmental chamber temperature is in the testing requirements value, load the maximum constant load or the dynamic loads of test request, in the entire test from the load application to the off-test, the vertical deformation and the relation that loads number of times of the vertical deformation of record bituminous concrete test specimen 4 and the relation of test duration or record bituminous concrete test specimen 4.
This method of testing is mainly used in research and analysis bituminous concrete anti-deformation at high temperature at present, analyze the material property and the correlation parameter of bituminous concrete under normal temperature and the low temperature if desired, need further a large amount of tests to determine test specimen and test condition parameter; At present only according to a large amount of conclusion (of pressure testing)s of having carried out, provide concrete test method at the material property research of bituminous concrete under the high temperature.
In the preparation of test specimen:
1. bituminous concrete test specimen 4 is cylindrical, diameter 150mm ± 2.0mm, height 80mm ± 2.0mm; Recommending to adopt the gyratory compaction forming diameter is 150mm ± 2.0mm, highly is the cylindrical bituminous concrete test specimen 4 of 162mm ± 2.0mm, utilizes cutting machine to be parallel to end face along the cylinder height mid point then and is cut into two standard specimens.
2. cut surface should be parallel to bituminous concrete test specimen 4 other ends.It is qualified test specimen that the cut surface ruling grade is no more than 1% test specimen, otherwise need utilize the sanding machine polishing to meeting the requirements, and the cut surface ruling grade surpasses 2% test specimen and is not useable for test.The parallel test specimen of every group of test is no less than 3.
3. the maximum particle diameter of gathering materials of asphalt should be not more than 26.5mm.
Aspect measuring instrument tool and material:
1. universal testing machine, but the ground surface material testing equipment of other load applications and test distortion also can use, but must satisfy following condition:
(a) peak load should satisfy and is no more than 80% of its range, and be not less than 20% requirement of range, load that pressure head 1 and loading platen 3 are spherical in shape to contact power transmission, it is 75mm that loading platen 3 and base 5 are diameter, thickness is not less than the cylindrical product of 20mm steel, and (this unconventional size product can obtain by lathe line cutting, stick at traditional major diameter platen and susceptor surface with epoxy glue then, but must guarantee to be in the concentric circles position), and load platen 3 bottom surfaces and base 5 surfaces and be light face level, can closely contact with bituminous concrete test specimen 4 surfaces;
(b) has the environment insulation can, 0.5 ℃ of temperature control accuracy, at least 70 ℃ of temperature-control range maximal values;
(c) testing machine should have the dress system of waiing upon, can control loaded power at loading procedure, guarantee in loading procedure the loading force substantially constant or can increase that increase speed is 2mm/min with given pace; General controlled loading force scope is that 0kN～12kN minimum division value is 10N;
(d) deformation measuring device 1: end face or side LVDT, electrical measurement dial gauge or similar displacement meter;
2. data acquisition system (DAS) or X-Y recorder: the electromotive signal of pick-up transducers meter displacement meter automatically, storage or on X-Y recorder, draw the relation curve of test piece deformation amount and loading specimen or loading speed in data acquisition system (DAS).When testing machine has automatic mensuration test specimen vertical deformation curve function or is furnished with linear vertical deformation measuring instrument (LVDT), can directly use, needn't be equipped with deformation measuring device in addition, but require to measure deformation accuracy and be at least 0.1mm, range is greater than the test piece deformation amount of estimating, and general range 5mm is enough.
3. constant temperature oven: be used to be incubated test specimen, the scalable temperature range should be able to satisfy testing requirements, and the temperature control degree is ± 0.5 ℃;
4. latex film: the circular membrane that is trimmed to diameter 80mm;
5. other: grease type lubricating oil, spatula.
Should satisfy following condition aspect method of testing and the step:
1, preliminary work:
1. make test specimen on request, test parallel test specimen for every group and be no less than 3, measure and write down the height and the diameter of test specimen simultaneously, get the mean value of relative both sides, and need satisfy the given size requirement.Each test specimen must utilize density measuring method measurement test specimen density in " highway engineering pitch and asphalt testing regulations " (JTJ 052-2000) simultaneously, and calculates voidage, and satisfies the requirement of test objective.
2. bituminous concrete test specimen 4 is placed more than the stable constant temperature air bath 3h of regulation, till bituminous concrete test specimen 4 internal temperatures met the requirements of test temperature ± 0.5 ℃, the test temperature of requirement was 40 ℃～60 ℃.The sharp described test method of the present invention all is identical for the test situation under the different temperatures, also be feasible, different is that the concrete size of the present invention's calculating and sample dimensions of recommending and pressure head base only is applicable to the situation under the high temperature (40 ℃～60 ℃); If under other temperature, utilize this Test Research bituminous concrete performance, need by calculating and test to determine the size of rational test specimen, pressure head and base, corresponding test index is also different.
Bituminous concrete test specimen 4 should be placed on the sheet glass propped or the plank or the sheet metal of surfacing during insulation, and the distance between the test specimen should be not less than 10mm, and air bath should have the air circulation system support.
3. 30min before the test opens testing machine, opens temperature control system, makes its environment temperature case meet the requirements of test temperature.
4. two latex film overlaies are put together, double-layer films diameter coating lubricating oil, each test specimen need be prepared two this kind double-layer lubrication latex films.
2, testing procedure
1. bituminous concrete test specimen 4 is taken out from constant temperature air bath, be placed in immediately on the base 5 that is lined with lubricated double-deck latex film, on bituminous concrete test specimen 4 surfaces, place a double-deck latex film then again, and it is placed on it to load platen 3.Requiring base 5 centers of circle, bituminous concrete test specimen 4 central shafts, loading platen 3 centers of circle and testing machine to load pressure head 1 is on the same vertical line.
2. loading platen 3 surface mount deformeters 2, its another section is fixed on the support that links to each other with base 5, requires respectively to place a deformeter 2 in the relative both sides that load platen 3.If experiment loading unit has the function of automatic measuring vertical distortion, this step is omitted.
3. start pressing machine, prestrain 30s at first, prestrain stress is 5% of maximum constant stress; Stop then loading, deformeter 2 resets, or reads initial reading.Then the maximum constant load with testing requirements loads, and requires in the process of the test loading force constant, and keeps test ambient temperature to remain on the temperature of requirement.If dynamic test, then the maximal value of dynamic loads and load waveform remain unchanged.
4. utilize data acquisition system (DAS) to be recorded under the constant load, the vertical deformation of test specimen and test period (if dynamic loads, then for loading number of times) curve, the breakdown time that occurs the phase III until curve, stop test, also can be according to artificial distortion and the time curve of ending test in advance or measuring unloading back test specimen of test objective.
3, calculate
1. draw with straight line and in Fig. 2, be out of shape constant in time development stages, the called after distortion stabilization sub stage, read this starting point time in stage t
1(or number of loading n
1) and distortion d
1And this end point time in stage t
2(or number of loading n
2) and distortion d
2Time is accurate to 1s, and number of times is accurate to 1 time, and distortion is accurate to 0.1mm.
That 2. recommends to be used to estimate comparison asphalt anti-deforming performance is deformation rate c, calculates by formula (1).The evaluation index of next is time t
2(or number of loading n
2), and c is more little or t
2Big more, illustrate that the anti-deformation of asphalt is good more, high-temperature stability is good more.
In the formula: c-asphalt distortion deformation rate stationary phase, mm/s;
t
1Or n
1-asphalt distortion start time point stationary phase or number of loading, s or inferior;
t
2Or n
2-asphalt distortion concluding time stationary phase point or number of loading, s or inferior;
d
1The deflection of-asphalt distortion start time point correspondence stationary phase, mm;
d
2The corresponding deflection of-asphalt distortion concluding time stationary phase point, mm.
3. vertical deformation directly obtains vertical strain divided by the test specimen height, as the formula (2), this strain is the mean strain of bituminous concrete in the platen lower area, through Mechanics Calculation as can be known, this zone internal strain variation range is less, and the standard deviation of mean strain is no more than 0.05.Therefore, this mean strain can be represented the strain value of this zone bituminous concrete, and can be used for Mechanics Calculation and modelling.
In the formula: ε-asphalt strain value, %;
H-bitumen mixture specimen height, 80mm;
d
1And d
2-cotype (1).
In the method for testing provided by the invention,
1. same asphalt is 3 test specimens of parallel experiment at least, when 3 test piece deformation rate value coefficient of variation less than 20% the time, get its mean value as test findings.When the coefficient of variation should be analyzed reason greater than 20% the time, and supplementary test.
2. test report should indicate test conditions such as test temperature, load form, stress level, test specimen density, voidage.
3. replica test deformation rate deformation coefficient tolerance is 20%.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method is characterized in that comprising the steps:
Step 1: bituminous concrete test specimen (4) is placed the constant temperature air bath of regulation, meet the requirements of test temperature until this bituminous concrete test specimen (4) internal temperature; Open testing machine, make the environment temperature case meet the requirements of test temperature;
Step 2: one deformeter (2) respectively is set in the relative both sides that load platen (3);
Step 3: bituminous concrete test specimen (4) is taken out from constant temperature air bath, be placed on the base (5) that is lined with the double-layer lubrication latex film, place a double-layer lubrication latex film again at bituminous concrete test specimen (4) upper surface then, and the loading platen (3) of testing machine is placed on it; The center of circle of the loading platen (3) of the central shaft of the center of circle of the base of testing machine (5), bituminous concrete test specimen (4), testing machine and the loading pressure head (1) of testing machine are on the same vertical line; The diameter of section of the loading platen (3) of testing machine is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen (4), the diameter of section of the base of testing machine (5) is less than the diameter of section of bituminous concrete test specimen (4), and the diameter of section of the loading platen (3) of testing machine is identical with the diameter of section of the base (5) of testing machine;
Step 4: warranty test machine environmental chamber temperature is in the testing requirements value, load the maximum constant load or the dynamic loads of test request, in the entire test from the load application to the off-test, the vertical deformation of the vertical deformation of record bituminous concrete test specimen (4) and the relation of test duration or record bituminous concrete test specimen (4) and the relation that loads number of times.
2, asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the test temperature of described step 1 is between 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
3, asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, during for the performance of asphalt under the researching high-temperature, the testing machine environmental chamber temperature of step 4 is between 40 ℃ to 60 ℃.
4, asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the aggregate size of described bituminous concrete test specimen (4) is not more than 26.5mm.
5, asphalt concrete elevated temperature property testing method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, bituminous concrete test specimen (4) is cylindrical, and guarantees that (4) two end faces of bituminous concrete test specimen are parallel to each other and level.
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