CN100526064C - Nanometer crystalline compound coating and its preparation process - Google Patents

Nanometer crystalline compound coating and its preparation process Download PDF

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CN100526064C
CN100526064C CNB2005100461827A CN200510046182A CN100526064C CN 100526064 C CN100526064 C CN 100526064C CN B2005100461827 A CNB2005100461827 A CN B2005100461827A CN 200510046182 A CN200510046182 A CN 200510046182A CN 100526064 C CN100526064 C CN 100526064C
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nanocrystalline
mcraly
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朱圣龙
谢冬柏
王福会
王世臣
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Institute of Metal Research of CAS
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Abstract

The nanometer crystalline compound coating includes one inner MCrAlY layer, with M being mixture of Ni and/or Co, and one outer nanometer crystalline layer of Al, Cr, Y and other material in certain weight proportion. The preparation process of the nanometer crystalline compound coating includes the first preparation of the MCrAlY layer on the surface of the substrate, and the subsequent preparation of the nanometer crystalline layer on the surface of the MCrAlY layer. The present invention has low preparation cost and simple preparation process, and the nanometer crystalline compound coating has excellent heat resisting and anticorrosive performance and long service life.

Description

A kind of nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation method thereof
Technical field:
The present invention relates to material science, a kind of nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation method thereof is provided especially.
Background technology:
In the prior art, the gas turbine development of technologies is subjected to the considerable restraint of material technology and design.In the technical development process, the development of structure-design technique, technique for cooling blades, high temperature casting alloy technology has all improved the efficient and the power of gas turbine effectively.From the sixties in 20th century, the MCrAlY coating is widely used in the abominable turbine blade of gas turbine technology of operational factor height, environment because of its good oxidation resistance.But people find that in actual use the performance of this coating depends on different preparation methods' use to a great extent.Trace it to its cause, when using different preparation methods, even the chemical composition of coating is identical, the coating microstructure that diverse ways is prepared is also different.In the prior art, the manufacturing cost of nanocrystalline coating is often higher, and coating (especially under high temperature or corrosive environment) under specific condition is when using, and the life-span of coating can sharply shorten.Therefore, seek a kind of method that can improve the anti-oxidant of MCrAlY coating and heat erosion ability, important and practical meanings is arranged.
In the prior art, common MCrAlY type coating is a heterogeneous alloy, and when wherein aluminium content was low, the parent phase of alloy was the face-centered cubic plasticity solid solution phase of Ni or Co preferably; When the Al content in the alloy was higher, owing to separating out of fragility phase, the fragility of alloy increased, and the processability of material is sharply descended, and high Al content is crucial to high-temperature oxydation and the hot corrosion resistance that improves coating.
When the composition of metal material is identical, the crystallite dimension difference, i.e. crystal boundary volume difference can change the high-temperature oxydation speed of material significantly, and we are referred to as grain boundary effect usually in the present technique field.Nanocrystalline coating is compared with the coarse-grain coating of identical component, crystal boundary volume fraction height, crystal boundary is as the rapid diffusion passage, grain boundary effect is obvious, not only can significantly improve the resistance to high temperature oxidation and the hot corrosion resistance of coating, and changed the oxide-film composition, make when Al content is low in the alloy and still can generate stable Al 2O 3Film has reduced the technology difficulty of materials processing.But nanocrystalline coating of the prior art directly is coated in substrate material surface, the preparation cost height, and coating life is short in use.The material that people expect to obtain a kind of resistance to high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion resistance is good, also have better machining property simultaneously, this is the big technical barrier that this area needs to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of nanocrystalline composite coating and preparation method thereof.
A kind of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: described coating is divided into two-layer, and internal layer is common MCrAlY coating 2, and skin is and the former congruent nanocrystalline coating 3; Wherein M is the mixture of Ni, Co or Ni and Co; The percentage by weight of each composition is in the above-described coating:
Al:4-13%;
Cr:15-35%;
Y:0.5-1%;
Other: surplus.
At the too high problem of the manufacturing cost of nanocrystalline coating in the prior art, make certain thickness identical component nanocrystalline coating 3 on common MCrAlY coating 2 surfaces, make coating just form high-quality diaphragm at the use initial stage, guaranteed that coat system has high temperature resistance and hot corrosion resistance preferably, can prolong simultaneously the service life of whole coat system, reduce the cost of coating preparation; Because two composition of layer in the composite coating are formed unanimity, and each component content is basic identical, guaranteed the quality and the service life of coating with regard to well having avoided better because of the obvious counterdiffusion between the different two layers of coatings that cause of composition so simultaneously.
The preparation method of a kind of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that:
At the double-deck composite coating of the surface preparation of matrix material 1: at first in the common MCrAlY coating 2 of surface preparation one deck of matrix material 1, wherein M is the mixture of Ni, Co or Ni and Co; Then at surface preparation one deck of common MCrAlY coating 2 and the nanocrystalline coating 3 that the former is congruent; The percentage by weight of each composition is in the above-described two layers of coatings:
Al:4-13%;
Cr:15-35%;
Y:0.5-1%;
Other: surplus.
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: the method for preparing common MCrAlY coating (2) employing is one of following three class methods: thermal spraying, physical vapour deposition (PVD), plating.
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: preparing the heat spraying method that common MCrAlY coating (2) adopted is HVAF (HVOF);
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: preparing the physical gas-phase deposite method that common MCrAlY coating (2) adopted is sputter, electric arc plating or electro beam physics vapour deposition (EB-PVD).
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: preparing the method that nanocrystalline coating 3 adopted on common MCrAlY coating 2 is physical vapour deposition (PVD).
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: the physical gas-phase deposite method that preparation nanocrystalline coating 3 is adopted on common MCrAlY coating 2 is sputter, electric arc plating or electro beam physics vapour deposition (EB-PVD).
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: preparing the method that common MCrAlY coating 2 adopted is HVAF (HVOF) or electric arc plating; Preparing the method that top layer nanocrystalline coating 3 adopted on common MCrAlY coating 2 is sputter.
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: at first common MCrAlY coating 2 thickness in matrix material 1 surface preparation are 20~30 μ m.
The preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention is characterized in that: preparation nano surface crystal coating 3 thickness are 10~20 μ m.
According to the preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating of the present invention, nano surface crystal layer 3 combines well with the common McrAlY coating 2 of bottom, and compact structure, no obvious defects have also guaranteed the superperformance of coating on the institutional framework.
Advantage of the present invention: significantly reduced the cost of making nanocrystalline coating, simplified preparation process.At the too high problem of the manufacturing cost of nanocrystalline coating in the prior art, make certain thickness identical component nanocrystalline coating at common MCrAlY coating surface, make coating just form high-quality diaphragm at the use initial stage, guaranteed that coat system has high temperature resistance and hot corrosion resistance preferably, can prolong simultaneously the service life of whole coat system, reduce the cost of coating preparation; Because two composition of layer in the composite coating are formed basically identical, better guaranteed the quality and the service life of coating with regard to having avoided because of the counterdiffusion between the different two layers of coatings that cause of composition so simultaneously.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 nanocrystalline composite coating structural representation.
The specific embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1; Table 1 is the coat system structure contrast tabulation of each comparative example and embodiment;
Comparative example 1
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using HVOF (HVAF) manufactured one deck CoNiCrAlY (8wt%Al, 0.5wt%Y, Co is surplus for 21wt%Ni, 38wt%Cr) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 30 μ m.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 1
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using HVOF (HVAF) manufactured one deck CoNiCrAlY (8wt%Al, 0.5wt%Y, Co is surplus for 21wt%Ni, 38wt%Cr) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, prepare the thick congruent nanocrystalline CoNiCrAlY layer of 10 μ m with the method for sputter at the CoNiCrAlY laminar surface, coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 2
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using HVOF (HVAF) manufactured one deck CoNiCrAlY (8wt%Al, 0.5wt%Y, Co is surplus for 21wt%Ni, 38wt%Cr) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, the method for plating with electric arc prepares the thick congruent nanocrystalline CoNiCrAlY layer of 10 μ m at the CoNiCrAlY laminar surface, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 3
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using HVOF (HVAF) manufactured one deck CoNiCrAlY (8wt%Al, 0.5wt%Y, Co is surplus for 21wt%Ni, 38wt%Cr) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, prepare the thick congruent nanocrystalline CoNiCrAlY layer of 10 μ m with the method for EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) at the CoNiCrAlY laminar surface, coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Comparative example 2
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using sputtering method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 30 μ m.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 4
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using sputtering method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Method with sputter prepares the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of 10 μ m at the NiCrAlY laminar surface, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 5
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using sputtering method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Gr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Method with the electric arc plating prepares the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of 10 μ m at the NiCrAlY laminar surface, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 6
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using sputtering method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Method with EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) prepares the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of 10 μ m at the NiCrAlY laminar surface, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Comparative example 3
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric arc plating manufactured layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 22wt%Cr, 13wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 30 μ m.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 7
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric arc plating manufactured layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 22wt%Cr, 13wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, prepare the thick congruent nanocrystalline nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of 10 μ m with the method for sputter at the NiCrAlY laminar surface, coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 8
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric arc plating manufactured layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 22wt%Cr, 13wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, coating surface is smooth, dense structure with the method for electric arc plating.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 9
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric arc plating manufactured layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 22wt%Cr, 13wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, the method for using EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) is at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10m, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table table 2, table 3.
Comparative example 4
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 30 μ m.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 10
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Gr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, the method for using sputter is at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 11
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, coating surface is smooth, dense structure with the method for electric arc plating.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 12
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, coating surface is smooth, dense structure with EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) method.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Comparative example 5
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric plating method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 30 μ m.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 13
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric plating method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, the method for using sputter is at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, and coating surface is smooth, dense structure.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 14
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric plating method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, coating surface is smooth, dense structure with the method for electric arc plating.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
Embodiment 15
Sample as cast condition M17 is of a size of 20mm * 10mm * 3mm, and using electric plating method to make layer of Ni CrAlY (0.5wt%Y, Ni is surplus for 35wt%Cr, 8wt%Al) thickness on the sample matrices alloy is 20 μ m; Then, at the thick congruent nanometer crystalline Ni CrAlY layer of surface preparation 10 μ m, coating surface is smooth, dense structure with EB-PVD (electro beam physics vapour deposition) method.High temperature resistance and NaCl corrosive nature are shown in table 2, table 3.
The structure of table 1 coat system
Figure C200510046182D00121
Figure C200510046182D00131
900 ℃ of airborne oxidation weight gain rates of table 2 different coating
Figure C200510046182D00132
Figure C200510046182D00141
Heat erosion (the 75wt%NaCl+25wt%Na of table 3. different coating 2SO 4850 ℃ of at) rate of body weight gain
Figure C200510046182D00142
Figure C200510046182D00151

Claims (10)

1, a kind of nanocrystalline composite coating is characterized in that: described coating is divided into two-layer, and internal layer is a common MCrAlY coating (2), and skin is the nanocrystalline coating (3) congruent with the former, and wherein M is the mixture of Ni, Co or Ni and Co; The percentage by weight of each composition is in the above-described coating:
Al:4-13%;
Cr:15-35%;
Y:0.5-1%;
Other: surplus.
2, a kind of preparation method of nanocrystalline composite coating is characterized in that:
The double-deck composite coating of surface preparation at matrix material (1); At first in the common MCrAlY coating of surface preparation one deck of matrix material (1) (2), wherein M is the mixture of Ni, Co or Ni and Co; Then at surface preparation one deck of common MCrAlY coating (2) and the nanocrystalline coating (3) that the former is congruent; The percentage by weight of each composition is in the above-described two layers of coatings:
Al:4-13%;
Cr:15-35%;
Y:0.5-1%;
Other: surplus.
3, according to the preparation method of the described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the method for preparing common MCrAlY coating (2) employing is one of following three class methods: thermal spraying, physical vapour deposition (PVD), plating.
4, according to the preparation method of the described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 3, it is characterized in that: preparing the heat spraying method that common MCrAlY coating (2) adopted is HVAF;
5, according to the preparation method of the described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 3, it is characterized in that: preparing the physical gas-phase deposite method that common MCrAlY coating (2) adopted is sputter, electric arc plating or electro beam physics vapour deposition.
6, according to the preparation method of the described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 2, it is characterized in that: go up in common MCrAlY coating (2) that to prepare the method that nanocrystalline coating (3) adopted be physical vapour deposition (PVD).
7, according to the preparation method of the described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 6, it is characterized in that: the physical gas-phase deposite method that is adopted at common MCrAlY coating (2) last preparation nanocrystalline coating (3) is sputter, electric arc plating or electro beam physics vapour deposition.
8, according to the preparation method of claim 2 or 3 or 6 described nanocrystalline composite coatings, it is characterized in that: preparing the method that common MCrAlY coating (2) adopted is HVAF or electric arc plating; Go up in common MCrAlY coating (2) that to prepare the method that nanocrystalline coating (3) adopted be sputter.
9, according to the preparation method of one of them described nanocrystalline composite coating of claim 2~5, it is characterized in that: common MCrAlY coating (2) thickness in matrix material (1) surface preparation is 20~30 μ m.
10, according to the preparation method of claim 2 or 6 or 7 described nanocrystalline composite coatings, it is characterized in that: nano surface crystal coating (3) thickness is 10~20 μ m.
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EP2206805A1 (en) * 2009-01-08 2010-07-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft MCrAIX coating with different chrome and aluminium contents
CN101791893B (en) * 2010-01-22 2012-12-19 北京航空航天大学 Two-layer MCrAlY bonding layer and preparation method thereof
CN102351497B (en) * 2011-07-05 2013-01-16 中国科学院金属研究所 High temperature resistant environment-friendly nano modified inorganic coating, its preparation method and application
CN103436841B (en) * 2013-08-01 2015-10-07 江西科技师范大学 Yttrium carbon modified chromium nitride aluminum/silicon nitride nano compound coating and deposition method thereof
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5507623A (en) * 1991-09-20 1996-04-16 Hitachi, Ltd. Alloy-coated gas turbine blade and manufacturing method thereof
CN1125781A (en) * 1994-08-25 1996-07-03 普拉塞尔.S.T.技术有限公司 Hearth roll with superior indurance capacity
US6610419B1 (en) * 1998-04-29 2003-08-26 Siemens Akteingesellschaft Product with an anticorrosion protective layer and a method for producing an anticorrosion protective
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